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CAC - CAP - CAS - CE - CHA - CHE - CHI - CHO - CI - CL - CO - COGNITION - COM - COMPORTEMENT - CON - CONS/CONT - COR - CR - CU/CY
Ça : Terme proposé par Groddeck, puis repris par Freud. Pour ce dernier, le ça désigne la partie du psychisme où résident les pulsions sexuelles et agressives et les besoins. Le ça a pour fonction de satisfaire les besoins de l'organisme, d'assurer sa survie (Es en allemand). Le ça est subjectif, inné, irrationnel et en grande partie inconscient. Ça, moi et surmoi. Id.
   
GRODDECK, G.W. (1923/1980). Le livre du ça. Paris : Gallimard. FELDMAN, H. (1960). The Id : Present, past and future ? Psychoanalytic Review, 47b, 3-15.
FREUD, S. (1927). The Ego and the Id. London : Institute of Psychoanalysis and Hogarth Press. MARCOVITZ, E. (1963). The concept of the Id. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 11, 151-160.
FREUD, A. (1952). The mutual influences in the development of Ego and Id-Introduction to the discussion. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 7, 42-50. HAYMAN, A. (1969). What do we mean by "Id"? Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 17, 353-380.
HARTMANN, H. (1952). The mutual influences in the development of Ego and id. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 7, 9-30. CHZANOWSKI, G. (1973). The rational Id and the irrational ego. Journal of American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 1, 231-241.
KLEIN, M. (1952/95). Les influences mutuelles dans le développement du moi et du ça. Le transfert et autres écrits. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. SHULMAN, M.E. (1987). On the problem of the Id in psychoanalytic theory. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 68, 161-173.
LEAVITT, H.C. (1953). Organized qualities of the ID structure. Psychoanalytic Review, 40, 295-303. DOWNEY, T.W. (1989). Id or subego-some theoretical questions for clinicians. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 44, 199-209.
BOS, J. (1992). On the origin of the Id (Das Es). International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 19, 433-443.
GOLDBERGER, E. (1957). The Id and the Ego : A developement interpretation : Part I-4. Psychoanalytic Review, 44, 235-288. BRENNER, C. (2002). Beyond the ego and the id revisited. Journal of Clinical Psychoanalysis, 7, 165-180.
SCHUR, M. (1958). The Ego and the Id in anxiety. Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 13, 190-220. PANIGUA, C. (2008). Id analysis and technical approaches. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 77, 219-250.
BULIK, C.M., SULLIVAN, P.F., TOZZI, F., FURBERG, H., LICHTENSTEIN, P. & PEDERSEN, N.L. (2006). Prevalence, heritability, and prospective risk factors for anorexia nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63 (3), 305-312.  SOLMS, M. & PANKSEPP, J. (2012). The "Id" knows more than the "Ego" admits : Neuropsychoanalytic and primal consciousness perspectives on the interface between affective and cognitive neuroscience. Brain Sciences, 2 (2), 147-175. [PDF]

 SOLMS, M. (2013). The conscious id. Neuropsychoanalysis 15, 5–19.
 
  Voir aussi Freud, Moi et Surmoi
Cabanis Pierre Jean George (Cosnac Limousin 1757-1808) : Physiologiste, philosophe matérialiste et empiriste français. Chef de file de l'école sensualiste. Élu à l'Académie en 1803 (fauteuil 40).
CABANIS, P. (1797). Du degré de la certitude de la médecine.
CABANIS, P. (1799). Quelques considérations sur l'organisation sociale.
CABANIS, P. (1797). Rapports du physique et du moral de l'homme.
Cabinet : Désigne le lieu aménagé par le psychologue clinicien ou le médecin pour exercer sa profession, recevoir ses patients/clients, les traiter grâce à des conseils, une thérapie. Cabinet, psychothérapie et psychologie clinique. = bureau privé.


  Voir aussi Psychologue clinicien
CA - CACIOPPO - CAFÉ - CAGE - CAIRNS - CALCUL - CALKINS - CAMPBELL - CAMERON - CANCER - CANIDÉS - CANNABIS - CANNON - CAP
Cache visuel : Dans le modèle de Baddeley, le cache est une sous-mémoire du calepin visuo-spatial de la mémoire de travail dont la fonction est le stockage passif des informations en provenance des yeux (forme, mouvement et couleur des objets). Le contenu de cette mémoire se détériore rapidement (oubli) s'il n'est pas rafraichi par le scribe interne. Visual cache.
 
BADDELEY, A.D. & HITCH, G.J. (1974). Working memory. In G.A. Bower (Ed.), Recent advances in learning and motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47-90). New York : Academic Press.
BADDELEY, A.D. (1984). Working memory : The interface between memory and cognition. In D.L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems (pp. 351-367). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
MATLIN, M. (2004/2001). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. /La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université.
Cachinnation : Désigne les sourires incontrôlés et les brusques explosions de rire chez certains schizophrènes. Cachinnation, canchasmus, inappropriate laughter.
 
KANT, O. (1942). "Inappropriate laughter" and "silliness" in schizophrenia. The Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 37 (3), 398-402.
Cacioppo John T. (Marshall 1951-2018 Chicago) : Psychosociologue et neurocognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des déterminants neuro-biologiques des comportements sociaux, notamment de l'isolement social et de la sollitude. Étudiant de Greenwald. Professeur de Uchino. Collaborateur de Berntson, Boysen, Cialdini, Devine, Hatfield, Hawkley, Kintsch, Petty, Reis, Sedikides et Winkielman.
CACIOPPO, J.T. & SANDMAN C.A. (1978). Physiological differentiation of sensory and cognitive tasks as a function of warning, processing demands, and reported unpleasantness. Biological Psychology, 6, 181-192. [PDF]
CACIOPPO, J.T. & PETTY, R.E. (1980). Sex differences in influenceability : Toward specifying the underlying processes. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 6, 651-656. [PDF]
CACIOPPO, J.T. & BERNTSON, G.G. (1992). Social psychological contributions to the decade of the brain : Doctrine of multilevel analysis. American Psychologist, 47, 1019-1028. [PDF]
CACIOPPO, J.T., HAWKLEY, L.C. & BERNTSON, G.G. (2003). The anatomy of loneliness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 71-74. [PDF]
CACIOPPO, J.T., HAWKLEY, L.C., NORMAN, G.J. & BERNTSON, G.G. (2011). Social isolation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1231, 17-22. [PDF]
Cadre théorique : Expression qui désigne un ensemble de théories - généralement compatibles entre elles - qui expliquent à peu près de la même manière les mêmes phénomènes. EX: Utiliser les conditionnements opérant de Skinner et répondant de Pavlov (explication par apprentissages associatifs) pour expliquer les comportements de panique dans des situations dites "normales". Cadre théorique, explication et paradigme.


    Voir aussi Paradigme et Théorie
Café : Caféine : Drogue de la famille des stimulants. Caffeine.
   
SKINNER, B.F. & HERON, W.T. (1937). Effects of caffeine and benzedrine upon conditioning and extinction. Psychological Record, 1, 340-346. GRIFITHS, R. & VERNTICA, E. (2000). Is caffeine a flavoring agent in cola soft drinks ? Archives of Family Medicine, 9, 727-734.
LATIES, V.G. & WEISS, B. (1962). Enhacement of human performance by caffeine ant the amphetamines. Pharmacological Review, 14, 1-36 KAMIMORI, G.H., PENETAR, D.M. & HEADLEY, D.B. (2000). Effect of three caffeine doseson plasma catecholamines and alertness during prolonged wakefulness. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56, 537-544.
MARRIOTT, A.S. (1968). The effects of amphetamine, caffeine and methylphenidate on the locomotor activity of rats in an unfamiliar environment. International Journal of Neuropharmacology, 7, 487-491. JOHNSON, R.F. & MURELLO, D.J. (2000). Caffeine, gender, and sentry duty : effects of a mild stimulant on vigilance and marksman ship. In K. Friedel, H.R. Lieberman, D.H. Ryan & G.A. Bray (Eds.), Countermeasures for battlefield stressor (Vol. 10, pp. 272-289). Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press.
REVELLE, W., AMARAL, P. & TURRIFF, S. (1976). Introversion/extroversion, time stress, and caffeine : effect on verbal performance. Science, 192, 149-150. [PDF] BEAUMONT, M., BATEJAT, D., PIERARD, C., VAN BEERS, P., DENIS, J.B., COSTE, O., DOIREAU, P., CHAUFFARD, F., FRENCH, J. & LAGARDE, D. (2000). Slow release caffeine and prolonged (64-h) continuous wakefulness : Effects on vigilance and cognitive performance. Journal of Sleep Ressources, 10, 265-276.
FOXX, R.M. & RUBINOFF, A. (1979). Behavioral treatment of caffeinism : reducing excessive coffee drinking. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 12 (3), 335-344. [PDF] SMITH, J. & ROGERS, J. (2000). Effects of low doses of caffeine on cognitive performance, mood, and thirst in low and high caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology, 152, 167-173.
WEINSTEIN, N.D. (1985). Reactions to lifestyle warnings : Coffee and cancer. Health Education Quarterly, 12, 129-134.  SHOHET, K. & LANDRUM, R.E. (2001). Caffeine consumption questionnaire : A standardized measure for caffeine consumption in undergraduate students. Psychological Reports, 89, 521-526.
 SHAPIRO, D., LANE, J.D. & HENRY, J.P. (1986). Caffeine, cardiovascular reactivity, and cardiovascular disease. In K.A. Matthews, S.M. Weiss, T. Detre, T.M. Dembrowski, B., Falkner, S.B. Manuck & R.B. Williams (Eds.), Handbook of stress, reactivity and cardiovascular disease : Status and prospect (pp. 311-328). New York : John Wiley & Sons. LIEBERMAN, H.R. (2001). The effects of ginseng, ephedrine, and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and energy. Nutrition Reviews, 59, 91-102.
 GRIFFITHS, R.R., BIGELOW, G.E. & LIEBSON, I.A. (1986). Human coffee drinking : Reinforcing and physical dependence producing effects of caffeine. The Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 239, 416-425.  BRICE, C.F. & SMITH, A.P. (2002). Effects of caffeine on mood and performance : A study of realistic consumption. Psychopharmacology, 164, 188-192.
LIEBERMAN, H.R., WURTMAN, R.J., EMDE, G.G., ROBERTS, C. & COVIELLA, I.L.G. (1987). The effects of low doses of caffeine on human performance and mood. Psychopharmacologia, 92 (3), 308-312. LIEBERMAN, H.R., THARION, W.J., SHUKITT-HALE, B., SPECKMAN, K.L. & TULLEY, R. (2002). Effects of caffeine, sleep loss, and stress on cognitive performance and mood during U.S. Navy SEAL training. Psychopharmacology, 164, 250-261. [PDF]
 GREENBERG, W. & SHAPIRO, D. (1987). The effects of caffeine and stress on blood pressure in individuals with and without a family history of hypertension. Psychophysiology, 24, 151-157. COX, G.R., DESBROW, D., MONTGOMERY, P.G., ANDERSON, M.E., BRUCE, C.R., MACRIDES, T.A., MARTIN, D.T., MOQUIN, A., ROBERTS, A., HAWLEY, J.A. & BURKE, L. (2002). Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 93, 990-999. [PDF]
 GRIFFITHS, R.R. & WOOSON, P.P. (1988). Caffeine physical dependence : a review of human and laboratory animal studies. Psychopharmacology 94, 437-451.
STEIN, M.B. & UHDE, T.W. (1989). Depersonalization disorder : Effects of caffeine and response to pharmacotherapy. Biological Psychiatry, 26 (3), 315-320. SMITH, A.P. (2002). Effects of caffeine on human behavior. Food & Chemical Toxicology, 40, 1243-1255.
FALK, B., BURNSTEIN, R., ASKHENAZI, I., SPILBERG, O., ALTER, J., ZYLBER-KATZ, E., RUBINSTEIN, A., BASHAN, N. & SHAPIRO, Y. (1989). The effect of caffeine ingestion on physical performance after prolonged exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 59, 168-173. KAMIMORI, G.H., JOHNSON, D., THORNE, D. & BELENSKY, G. (2003). Multiple caffeine doses maintain vigilance during early morning operations. Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine, 76 (11), 1046-1050. [PDF]
BENJAMIN, L.T., ROGERS, A. & ROSENBAUM, A. (1991). Coca-Cola, caffeine, and mental deficiency : Harry Hollingworth and the Chattanooga trial of 1911. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 27, 42-55.
FILLMORE M. & VOGEL-SPROTT, M. (1992). Expected effect of caffeine on motor performance predicts the type of response to placebo. Psychopharmacology, 106, 209-214. BELL, D.G. & McLELLAN, T.M. (2003). Effect of repeated caffeine ingestion on repeated exercise endurance. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35, 1348-1354. [PDF]
LANDRUM, R.E. (1992). College students' use of caffeine and its relationship to personality. College Student Journal, 26, 151-155. BEAUMONT, M., BATÉJAT, D., PIÉRARD, C., VAN BEERS, P., DENIS, J.B., COSTE, O., DOIREAU, P., CHAUFFARD, F., FRENCH, J. & LAGARDE, D. (2004). Caffeine or melatonin effects on sleep and sleepiness after rapid eastward transmeridian travel. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96, 50-58. [PDF]
ARMSTRONG, B.G., McDONAL, D. & SLOAN, M. (1992). Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion. American Journal of Public Health, 82 (1), 85-87. [PDF] JONES, H.A. & LEJUEZ, C.W. (2005). Personality correlates of caffeine dependence : The role of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and risk taking. Experimental & Clinical Pscyhopharmacology, 13, 259-266.
NEHLIG, A.J., DAVAL, L. & DEBRY, G. (1992). Caffeine and the central nervous system : mechanisms of action, biochemical, metabolic and psychostimulant effects. Brain Research Reviews, 17, 139-170. HEATHERLY, S.V., HAYWARD, R.C., SEERS, H.E. & ROGERS, P.J. (2005). Cognitive and psychomotor performance, mood, and pressor effects of caffeine after 4, 6, and 8 h caffeine abstinence. Psychopharmacology, 178, 461-470.
SILVERMAN, K., EVANS, S.M., STRAIN, E.C. & GRIFFITH, R.R. (1992). Withdrawal syndrome after the double-blind cessation of caffeine consumption. New England Journal of Medicine, 327 (16), 1109-1114 VAN DUINEN, H., LORIST, M.M. & ZIJDEWIND, I. (2005). The effect of caffeine on cognitive task performance and motor fatigue. Psychopharmacology, 180, 539-547. [PDF]
FINE, B.J., KOBRICK, J.L., LIEBERMAN H.R., MARLOWE, B., RILEY, R.H. & THARION, W.J. (1994). Effects of caffeine or diphenhydramine on visual vigilance. Psychopharmacology, 114, 233-238. MARTIN, P.W., HAMILTON, V.E., MCKIMMIE, B.M., TERRY, D.J. & MARTIN, R. (2006). Effects of caffeine on persuasion and attitude change : The role of secondary tasks in manipulating systematic message processing. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 320-338. [PDF]
EVANS, S.M., CRITCHFIELD, T.S. & GRIFFITHS, R.R. (1994). Caffeine reinforcement demonstrated in a majority of moderate caffeine users. Behavioural Pharmacology, 5, 231-238. EVANS, A.H., LAWRENCE, A.D., POTTS, J., MacGREGOR, L., KATZENSCLAGER, R., SHAW, K., ZIJLMANS, J. & LEES, A.J. (2006). Relationship between impulsive sensation seeking traits, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, and Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 77, 317-321. [PDF]
FILLMORE, M. MULVIHILL, L.E. & VOGEL-SPROTT, M. (1994). The expected drug and its expected effect interact to determine placebo responses to alcohol and caffeine. Psychopharmacology, 115, 383-388. D'ANCI, K.E. & KANAREK, R.B. (2006). Caffeine, the methylxanthines and behavior. In J. Worobey, B.J. Teppe & R.B. Kanarek (Eds.), Nutrition and behavior : A multidisciplinary approach (pp. 179-194). Cambridge, MA : Cabi.
SMITH, A., KENDRICK, A., MABEN, A. & SALMON, J. (1994). Effects of breakfast and caffeine on cognitive performance, mood and cardiovascular functioning. Appetite, 22, 39-55. GURPEGUI, M., JURADO, D., LUNA, J.D., FERNÀNDEZ-MOLINA, C., MORENO-ABRIL, O. & GÀLVEZ, R. (2007). Personality traits associated with caffeine intake and smoking. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 31, 997-1005.
GRAHAM, T.E. & SPRIET, L.L. (1995). Metabolic, catecholamine, and exercise performance responses to various doses of caffeine. Journal of Applied Physiology, 78, 867-874. LORIST, M.M. & SNEL, J. (2008). Caffeine, sleep, and quality of Life. In J.C. Verster, P. Pandi, R. Seithkurippu & D.L. Streiner (Eds.), Sleep and quality of life in clinical medicine. Totowa, NJ : Humana Press. [PDF]
PASMAN, J., VAN BAAK, M.A., JEUKENDRUP, A.E. & HAAN, A. (1995). The effect of different dosages of caffeine on endurance performance time. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, 225-230. SMITH, A.P. (2009). Effects of caffeine in chewing gum on mood and attention. Human Psychopharmacology : Clinical & Experimental, 24, 239-247. [PDF]
BONNET, M.H., GOMEZ, S., WIRTH, O. & ARAND, D.L. (1995). The use of caffeine versus prophylactic naps in sustained performance. Sleep, 18, 97-104. HARRELL, P.l T. & JULIANO, L.M. (2009). Caffeine expectancies influence the subjective and behavioral effects of caffeine. Psychopharmacology, 207, 335-342.

REISSIG, C.J., STAIN, E.C. & GRIFFFITHS, R.R. (2009). Caffeinated energy drinks—a growing problem. Drug & alcohol dependence, 99 (1-3), 1-10
HORNE, J.A. & REYNER, L.A. (1996). Counteracting driver sleepiness : Effects of napping, caffeine, and placebo. Psychophysiology, 33, 306-309. HEINZ, A. J., KASSEL, J.D. & SMITH, E. V. (2009). Caffeine expectancy : Instrument development in the rasch measurement framework. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23, 500-511.
REYNER, L.A. & HORNE, J.A. (1996). Suppression of sleepiness in drivers : Combination of caffeine with a short nap. Psychophysiology, 34, 721-725. REISSIG, C.J., STRAIN, E.C. & GRIFFITHS, R.R. (2009). Caffeinated energy drinks-A growing problem. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 99, 1-10.
FEDHOLM. B.B., BATTIG, K. & HOLEM, J. (1999). Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacology Review, 51, 83-133. SMITH, A.P. (2009). Caffeine, cognitive failures and health in a non-working community sample. Human Psychopharmacology : Clinical & Experimental, 24, 29-34. [PDF]
JAMES, J.E., KRISTJANSSON, A.L. & SIGFUSDOTTIR, I.D. (2010). Adolescent substance use, sleep, and academic achievement : Evidence of harm due to caffeine. Journal of Adolescence, 34 (4), 665-673. [PDF]
VILARIM, M. M., ROCHA ARAUJO, D.M. & NARDI, A.E. (2011). Caffeine challenge test and panic disorder : A systematic literature review. Expert Reviews Neurotherapeutics, 11, 1185-1195.

PENOLAZZI, B., NATALE, V., LEONE, L. & RUSSO, P.M. (2012). Individual differences affecting caffeine intake. Analysis of consumption behaviours for different times of day and caffeine sources. Appetite, 58, 971–977.
 
Voir aussi Stimulant et Drogue
Cage : En recherche, généralement dans un laboratoire, lieu clos et généralement de petite taille qui, de ce fait, confère aux chercheurs un très grand contôle sur les événements qui s'y déroulent. Cage.
Types de cage
Cage de conservation Cage de Faraday Cage de Skinner
 
Cage de conservation (pour les animaux) : Dans un laboratoire, lieu clos, bien aéré et généralement de petite taille qui sert à maintenir en captivité les animaux de laboraratoire. Cage, home-cage.
   
BAREHAM, J.R. (1972). Effects of cages and semi-intensive deep litter pens on the behaviour, adrenal response and production in two strains of laying hens. British Veterinary Journal, 128 (2), 153-163. LAWLER, M.M. (2002). Comfortable quarters for rats in research institutions, In V. Reinhardt & A. Reinhardt (Ed.), Comfortable quarters for laboratory animals (pp. 26-32). Washington, D.C.: Animal Welfare Institute.
KNUTSON, J.F., HYNAN, M.T. & KANE, N.L. (1976). The influence of home-cage lighting conditions on shock-induced fighting. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 90, 877-888.  DUKE, J.L., ZAMMIT, T.G. & LAWSON, D.M. (2001). The effects of routine cage-changing on cardiovascular and behavioral parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science, 40 (1), 17-20.
SCHNEIDER, S.M. (1988). Rats' behavior in two different home cages. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 2, 39-42. SHARP, J.L., ZAMMIT, T.G., AZAR, T.A. & LAWSON, D.M. (2002). Stress-like responses to common procedures in male rats housed alone or with other rats. Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science, 41 (4), 8-14. [PDF]
SAITO, T.R., MOTOMURA, N., TANIGUCHI, K., HOKAO, R., ARKIN, A., TAKAHASHI, K.W. & SATO, N.L. (1996). Effect of cage size on sexual behavior pattern in male rats. Contemporary topics in laboratory animal science, 35, 80-82.
APPLEBY, M.C. (1998). The Edinburgh modified cage : Effects of group size and space allowance on brown laying hens. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 7 (2), 152-161. [PDF]
VAN LOO, P.L.P., KRUITWAGEN, C.L.J.J., VAN ZUTPHEN, L.F.M., KOOLHAAS, J.M. & BAUMANS, V. (2000). Modulation of aggression in male mice : influence of cage cleaning regime and scent marks. Animal Welfare 9, 281-295. [PDF] BURN, C.C., PETERS, A. & MASON, G.J. (2006). Acute effects of cage-cleaning at different frequencies on laboratory rat behavior and welfare. Animal Welfare, 15, 161-172.
VAN LOO, P.L.P. (2001). Modulation of aggression in male mice : influence of group size and cage size. Physiology & Behavior 72, 675-683. BALCOMBE, J.P. (2010). Laboratory rodent welfare : Thinking outside the cage. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 13 (1), 77-88. [PDF]
Voir aussi Laboratoire, Bien-être animal, Rat, Pigeon et Isolement expérimental
 
Cage de Faraday : Dispositif expérimental qui permet d'isoler ou de soustraire une machine ou un animal de l'influence des ondes électromagnétiques.
 
BACK, F., CARRA, G., PINDOLA, M. & OLIVIERA, A.2009). Dictator's game and prisoner's dilemma in an EEG study on money donation. Psychology & Neuroscience, 2, 205-210. [PDF]
Cage de Skinner : Voir Boîte de conditionnement de skinner. Skinner box.
Cahier de l'Association Canadienne des Sociologues et Anthropologues de Langue Française : ACSALF : Revue scientifique. Éditeur : L'Association Canadienne des Sociologues et Anthropologues de Langue Française.
 GINGRAS, Y. et LARIVIÈRE, V. (2005). Les pratiques de publication des chercheurs québécois en sciences sociales. Le Cahier de l'Association Canadienne des Sociologues et Anthropologues de Langue Française (ACSALF), 2 (2), 10-11. [PDF]
Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la cognition. Éditeur : Psychology Press.
DE RIBAUPIERRE, A. (1983). Un modèle néo-piagétien : la théorie des opérateurs constructifs de Pascual-Leone. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 3, 327-356.
 
Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la psychologie sociale. Éditeur : Cairn.
LECOMPTE, J. (2012). Est-il justifié de parler de psychologie positive ? Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 93, 21-36. [PDF]
 
Caille : Oiseau. =(Coturnix coturnix japonica). Japanese quail.
   
DOMJAN, M. & HALL, S. (1986). Determinants of social proximity in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) : Male behavior. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 59-67. [PDF] LEVENS, N. & AKINS, C.K. (2000). Dopamine D2 receptor binding in the brain of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Neuroscience Letters, 296, 77-80.
DOMJAN, M. & HALL, S. (1986). Sexual dimorphism in the social proximity behavior of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 68-71. [PDF] LEVENS, N. & AKINS, C.K. (2001). Cocaine induces place preference and locomotor activity in male domesticated quail (Coturnix japonica). Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 68 (1), 71-80.
DOMJAN, M. & KURTH, S. (1986). Effects of novelty on the reproductive behavior of male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 203-207. [PDF] AKINS, C.K., BAKONDY, H. & LEVENS, N. (2002). Mate choice copying in female domesticated quail (Coturnix japonica) using taxidermic models. Behavioural Processes, 58, 97-103.
DOMJAN, M., LYONS, R., NORTH, N.C. & RUELL, J. (1986). Sexual Pavlovian conditioned approach behavior in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 413-421. [PDF] ADKINS-REGAN, E. & MacKILLOP, E.A. (2003). Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) inseminations are more likely to fertilize eggs in a context predicting mating opportunities. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 270, 1685-1689. [PDF]
DOMJAN, M. (1987). Photoperiodic and endocrine control of social proximity behavior in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Behavioral Neuroscience, 101, 385-392. KRAUSE, M.A., CUSATO, B. & DOMJAM, M. (2003). Extinction of conditioned sexual responses in male japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) : Role of species-typical cues. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 76-86.
DOMJAN, M., O'VARY, D. & GREENE, P. (1988). Conditioning of appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior in male Japanese quail. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (3), 505-519. [PDF] TROISI, J. & AKINS, C.K. (2004). The discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in a Pavlovian approach paradigm in male Japanese quail. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12 (4), 237-242.
DOMJAN, M. & NASH, S. (1988). Stimulus control of social behavior in male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Animal Behaviour, 36, 1006-1015. [PDF] LEVENS, N. & AKINS, C.K. (2004). Chronic cocaine pretreatment facilitates Pavlovian sexual conditioning in male Japanese quail. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, & Behavior, 79, 451-457.
AKINS, C.K., DOMJAN, M. & GUTIERREZ, G. (1994). The topography of sexually conditioned behavior in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) depends on the CS-US interval. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 20 (2), 199-209. AKINS, C.K. (2004). The role of Pavlovian conditioning in sexual behavior : A comparative analysis of human and nonhuman animals. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 17 (2), 241-262. [PDF]
CRAWFORD, L.L., AKINS, C.K. & DOMJAN, M. (1994). Stimulus control of copulatory behavior in sexuality naïve male japaneese quail (Cotumix japonica) : Effects of text context and stimulus movement. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108 (3), 252-261. [PDF] GEARY, E.H. & AKINS, C.K. (2007). Cocaine sensitization in male quail : temporal, conditioning, and dose-dependent characteristics. Physiology & Behavior, 90 (5), 818-824. [PDF]
CRAWFORD, L.L. & DOMJAN, M. (1994). Second-order sexual conditioning in male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Animal Learning & Behavior, 23 (3), 327-334. [PDF] AKINS, C.K. & GEARY, E.H. (2008). Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioning in male Japanese quail. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, & Behavior, 88, 432-437.
LICKLITER, R., LEWKOWICZ, D.J. & COLUMBUS, R.F. (1996). Intersensory experience and early perceptual development : The role of spatial contiguity in bobwhite quail chicks's responsiveness to multimodal maternal cues. Developmental Psychobiology, 29 (5), 403-416. [PDF] ROSINE, B.J., BOLIN, B.L. & AKINS, C.K. (2009). Chronic methylphenidate cross-sensitizes methamphetamine in male Japanese quail. Behavioural Pharmacology, 20 (4), 352-355.
AKINS, C.K. & ZENTALL, T.R. (1996). Imitative learning in male Japanese quail using the two-action method. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 110 (3), 316-320. [PDF] BOLIN, B.L. & AKINS, C.K. (2009). Chronic preexposure to methamphetamine decreases sexual motivation but not sexual performance in male Japanese quail. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17, 10-20. [PDF]
BURNS, M. & DOMJAN, M. (1996). Sign tracking versus goal tracking in the sexual conditioning of male Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 22, 297-306. SCHNEIDER, S.M. & LICKLITER, R. (2010). Operant generalization in quail neonates after intradimensional training : Distinguishing positive and negative reinforcement. Behavioural Processes, 83, 1-7. [PDF]
GALEF, B.G. & WHITE, D.J. (1998). Mate-choice copying in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Animal Behaviour, 55, 545-552. [PDF] SCHNEIDER, S.M. & LICKLITER, R. (2010). Choice in the quail neonate : The origins of generalized matching. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 94 (3), 315-326. [PDF]

Voir aussi Animal, Oiseau et Animal de ferme
 
Caine S. Barak ( ) : Neuropsychologue américain et spécialiste de l'études des mécanismes neuraux à l'origine de la dépendance aux drogues, notamment de la cocaïne. Collaborateur de Koob.
CAINE, S. & KOOB, G.F. (1993). Modulation of cocaine self-administration in the rat through D-3 dopamine receptors. Science, 260, 1814-1816.
CAINE, S. & KOOB, G.F. (1994). Effects of dopamine D-1 andD-2 antagonists on cocaine self-administration under different schedules of reinforcement in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 270, 209-218.
CAINE, S.B., NEGUS, S.S. & MELLO, N.K. (1999). Method for training operant responding and evaluating cocaine self- administration behavior in mutant mice. Psychopharmacology, 147, 22-24.
CAINE, S.B. NEGUS, S.S., MELLO, N.K. & BERGMAN, J. (1999). Effects of dopamine D1-like and D2-like agonists in rats trained to discriminate cocaine from saline : influence of experimental history. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 29 (1), 353-360. [PDF]
CAINE, S.B., THOMSEN, M., GABRIEL, K.I., BERKOWITZ, J.S., GOLD, L.H., KOOB, G.F., TONEGAW, A S., ZHANG J. & XU, M. (2007). Lack of self-administration of cocaine in dopamine D1 receptor knock-out mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (48), 13140-13150. [PDF]
Cairn.info : Cairn et revue scientifique.
 
PARISOT, T. (2011). Les enjeux de la diffusion des revues de psychologie en langue française : l’approche développée par Cairn.info. Bulletin de Psychologie, 64 (1), 57-58. [PDF]
Cairns Robert Bennett (1933-1999) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste et mathématicien américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'attachement et de l'agressivité animale et humaine, notamment chez la souris. Collaborateur de Gewirtz et Lewis.
CAIRNS, R.B. & LEWIS, M. (1962). Dependency and the reinforcement value of a verbal stimulus. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26, 1-8.
CAIRNS, R.B. & WERBOFF, J. (1967). Behavior development in the dog : An interspecific analysis. Science, 158, 1070-1072.
CAIRNS, R.B. (1968). Behavior : A question of influence. Science, 161, 522-523.
CAIRNS, R.B. & SCHOLZ, S.D. (1973). On fighting in mice : Dyadic escalation and what is learned. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 85, 540-550.
CAIRNS, R.B. & CAIRNS, B.D. (1984). Predicting aggressive patterns in girls and boys. Aggressive Behavior, 10, 227-242.
TREMBLAY, R.E. (2000). The development of aggressive behaviour during childhood : What have we learned in the past century ? To the memory of Robert B. Cairns (1933-1999). International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24 (2), 129-141. [PDF]
Cajal : Voir Ramon y Cajal.
Calcul : Calculus.
Types de calcul
Calcul calendaire Calcul des propositions Calcul mental/Compter
 
Calcul calendaire : Calendrical savant.
 
COWAN, R. & CARNEY, D. (2006). Calendrical savants : exceptionality and practice. Cognition, 100, B1-B9.
COWAN, R. & FRITH C. (2009). Do calendrical savants use calculation to answer date questions ? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London B, 364, 1417-1424. [PDF]
Calcul des propositions : Propositional calculus.


  LAMBECK, J. & SCOTT, P.J. (1986). Introduction to higher order categorical logic. Cambridge University Press : Cambridge, UK.
Calcul mental : Calculer : Compter : Habileté mathématique qui consiste à utiliser logiquement des nombres et des symboles (mathématiques, logique, etc) pour décrire ou communiquer une réalité (ou du moins certaines de ses propriétés) ou résoudre des problèmes. Calcul mental, énumération et habileté mathématique. = règle de calcul, opération mathématique. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Counting, calculus, mental calculation, counting process, mathematical logic, Arithmetic behavior, early arithmetic, numerical competence.
 
Habiletés cognitives élémentaires
Addition
Division
Multiplication
Soustraction
 
 
WARREN, H. (1897). The reaction time of counting. Psychological Review, 4, 569-591. GALLISTEL, C.R. & GELMAN, R. (1992). Preverbal and verbal counting and computation. Cognition, 44, 43-74.
FERSTER, C.B. (1964). Arithmetic behavior in chimpanzees. Scientific American, 210, 98-106. HUTTENLOCHER, J., JORDAN, N. & LEVINE, S.C. (1994). A mental model for early arithmetic. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 123, 284-296.
LURIA, A.R. (1969). On the psychology of computational operations. In J. Kilpatrick & I. Wirzup (Eds.), Soviet studies in the psychology of learning and teaching mathematics (pp. 37-74). Chicago : University of Chicago. SIMON, T., HESPOS, S. & ROCHAT, P. (1995). Do infants understand simple arithmetic ? A replication of Wynn (1992). Cognitive Development, 10, 253-269.
GELMAN, R. & GALLISTEL, C.R. (1978). The child's understanding of number. Cambridge : Harvard University Press. ASHCRAF, M.H. (1995). Cognitive psychology and simple arithmetic : A review and summary of new directions. Mathematical Cognition, 1, 3-34.
GADAGKAR, R. (1995). Can animals count ? Current Science, 68, 1180-1182. [PDF]
SVENSON, O. & SJÖBERG, K. (1978). Subitizing and counting processes in young children. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 19 (1), 247-250. BRANNON, E.M. & TERRACE, H.S. (1998). Ordering of the numerosities 1-9 by monkeys. Science, 282, 746-749.
ANDERSON, M., O'CONNOR, N. & HERMELIN, B. (1998). A specific calculating ability. Intelligence, 26, 383-403.
DAVIS, H. & MEMMOTT, J. (1982). Counting behavior in animals : A critical evaluation. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 547-571. WHALEN, J., GALLISTEL, C.R. & GELMAN, R. (1999). Nonverbal counting in humans : the psychophysics of number representation. Psychological Science, 10, 130-137.
ZBRODOFF, N.J. (1999) Effects of counting in alphabet arithmetic : Opportunistic stopping and priming of intermediate steps. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition 25, 299-317.
LUBIENSKI, J.F. & BOWEN, A. (2000). Who's counting ? A Survey of mathematics education research 1982-1998. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31 (5), 626-633.
GELMAN, R. & CORDES, S.A. (2001). Counting in animals and humans. In E. Dupoux (Ed.). Cognition. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. [PDF]
SMITH, S.B. (1983). The great mental calculators. New York : Columbia University Press. PESENTI, M., ZAGO, L., CRIVELLO, F., MELLET, E., SAMSON, D., DUROUX, B., SERON, X., MAZOYER, B. & TZOURIO-MAZOYER, N. (2001). Mental calculation in a prodigy is sustained by right prefrontal and medial temporal areas. Nature Neuroscience, 4 (1), 103-107. [PDF]
BRIARS, D. & SIEGLER, R.S. (1984). A featural analysis of preschoolers’ counting knowledge. Developmental Psychology, 20, 607-618. PIAZZA, M., MECHELLI, A., BUTTERWORTH, B. & PRICE, C.J. (2002). Are subitizing and counting implemented as separate or functionally overlapping processes ? NeuroImage 15, 435-446. [PDF]

CHALON-BLANC, A. (2005). Inventer, compter et classer. De Piaget aux débats actuels. Paris :  Armand Colin.
STIGLER, J.W. (1984). "Mental abacus" : The effect of abacus training on Chinese children's mental calculation. Cognitive Psychology, 16, 145-176. DOMAHS, F. & DELAZER, M. (2005). Some assumptions and facts about arithmetic facts. Psychology Science, 47 (1), 96-111. [PDF]
MOSES, J.A.J. (1984). Neuropsychological analysis of calculation deficit. Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics, 6 (4), 1-11.  LEFEVRE, J.A., SMITH-CHANT, B.L., FAST, L., SKWARCHUK, S., SARGLA, E., ARNUP, J.S., PENNER-WILGER, M., BISANZ, J. & KAMAWAR, D. (2006). What counts as knowing ? The development of conceptual and procedural knowledge of counting from kindergarten through Grade 2. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 93, 285-303.
STASZEWSKI, J.J. (1988). Skilled memory and expert mental calculation. In M.T.H. Chi, R. Glaser & M.J. Farr (Eds.), The nature of expertise (pp. 71-128). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. HUREWITZ, F., GELMAN, R. & SCHITZER, B. (2006). Sometimes area counts more than number. Procceding National Academy of Sciences, 103, (51), 19599-19604. [PDF]
WIDAMAN, K.F., GEARY, D.C., CORMIER, P. & LITTLE, T.D. (1989). A componential model for mental addition. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 15, 898-919.  CLÉMENT, A. & DROIT-VOLET, S. (2006). Counting in a time discrimination task in children and adults. Behavioural Processes, 71 (2-3), 164-171.
BOYSEN, S.T. & BERNSTON, G.G. (1989). Numerical competence in a chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 103, 23-31. PEPPERBERG, I.M. (2006). Grey parrot numerical competence : a review. Animal Cognition, 9, 377-391.
LE CORRE, M. & CAREY, S. (2007). One, two, three, four, nothing more : An investigation of the conceptual sources of the verbal counting principles. Cognition, 105, 395-438.
WYNN, K. (1990). Children's understanding of counting. Cognition, 36, 155-193. [PDF]  KAMAWAR, D., LEFEVRE, J.A., BISANZ, J., FAST, L. SKWARCHUK, S., SMITH-CHANT, B.L. & PENNER-WILGER, M. (2010). Knowledge of counting principles : How relevant is order irrelevance ? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 105 (4), 135-145. [PDF]
WYNN, K. (1992). Children's acquisition of the number words and the counting system. Cognitive Psychology, 24, 220-251. [PDF] BERAN, M.J., McYNTYRE, J.M., GARLAND, A. & EVANS, T.A. (2013). What counts for "counting" ? Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) respond appropriately to relevant and irrelevant information in a quantity judgment task. Animal Behaviour, 85, 987-993.

 
Voir aussi Nombre, Opération mathématique, Nombre, Dyscalculie et Habileté mathématique
 
Caldwell William (1863-1942) : Psychologue structuraliste américain, d'orige écossaise.

CALDWELL, W. (1898). Professor Titchener view of the self. Psychological Review, 5 (4), 401-408. PDF]
CALDWELL, W. (1899). The postulates of a structural psychology. Psychological Review, 6 (2), 187-191. [LIRE]
CALDWELL, W. (1899). The will to believe and the duty to doubt. International Journal of Ethics, 9 (3), 373-378.
CALDWELL, W. (1899). Psychological method. Psychological Review, 6 (2), 191–194.
CALDWELL, W. (1914). Pragmatism and idealism. International Journal of Ethics, 24 (3), 357-362.
Calepin visuo-spatial : Concept proposé par Baddeley pour désigner une fonction de la mémoire de travail responsable de la manipulation des informations visuelles (images). = mémoire de travail visuo-spatiale. Visuo-spatial sketchpad, visuospatial short-term memory.
   
BADDELEY, A.D. & HITCH, G.J. (1974). Working memory. In G.A. Bower (Ed.), Recent advances in Learning & Motivation (Vol. 8, pp. 47-90). New York : Academic Press.  PARK, D.C., LAUTENSCHLAGER, G., HEDDEN, T., DAVIDSON, N., SMITH, A.D. & SMITH, P.K. (2002). Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span. Psychology & Aging, 17, 299-320. [PDF]
BADDELEY, A. (1984). Working memory : The interface between memory and cognition. In D.L. Schacter & E. Tulving (Eds.), Memory systems (pp. 351-367). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.  KLAUER, K.C. & ZHAO, Z. (2004). Double dissociations in visual and spatial short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 133, 355-381.
FARMER, E.W., BERMAN, J.V.F. & FLETCHER, Y.L. (1986). Evidence for a visuo-spatial scratch-pad in working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 675-688. KANE, M.J., HAMBRICK, D.Z., TUHOLSKI, S.W., WILHELM, O., PAYNE, T.W. & ENGLE, R.W. (2004). Generality of working memory capacity : A latent-variable approach to verbal and visuo-spatial memory span and reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 133 (2), 189-217. [PDF]
 LOGIE, R.H. (1995). Visuo-spatial working memory. Hove, UK : Lawrence Eribaum Associates. [PDF] ALLOWAY, T.P., GATHERCOLE, S.E. & PICKERING, S.J. (2005). Verbal and visuospatial short-term memory and working memory in children. Are they separable ? Child Development, 77 (6), 1698-1716.

MATLIN, M. (2004/2001). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. / La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université. Voir aussi Baddeley et Mémoire de travail
Calhoun John B. (1917-1995) : Éthologiste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'entassement chez les animaux, notamment chez les humains.
CALHOUN, J.B. (1949). A method of self-control of population growth among mammals living in the wild. Science, 109, 333-335.
CALHOUN, J.B. (1962). Population density and social pathology. Scientific American, 306, 139-148.
CALHOUN, J.B. (1966). The role of space in animal sociology. Journal of Social Issues, 22, 46-59.
CALHOUN, J.B. (1973). Death squared : the explosive growth and demise of a mouse population. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 66, 80-89.
CALHOUN, J.B. (1973). From mice to men. Transaction & Studies of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, 41, 92-118.
Califia Pat (1954-) : Thérapeute et spécialiste de l'étude du genre et du mouvement queer. = Patrick Califia.
CALIFIA, P. (1979). Lesbian Sexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 4 (3), 255-266.
CALIFIA, P. (1988). Lesbian sadomasochism safety manual. Alyson Books.
CALIFIA, P. (1994/2008). Public sex. The future of radical sex / Sexe et utopie. San Francisco : Cleis Press / Paris : La Musardine.
CALIFIA, P. (1997). Sex changes : The politics of transgenderism. San Francisco : Cleis Press.
CALIFIA, P. (2001). Speaking sex to power : The politics of queer sex. San Francisco : Cleis Press.
California School Psychologist : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages aux études en éducation. Éditeur : University of California.
JIMERSON, S.R. (2001). A synthesis of grade retention research : Looking backward and moving forward. The California School Psychologist, 6, 47-59. [PDF]
 
Calkin/Calkins
Abigail B. Calkin Mary Whiton Calkins
 
Calkin Abigail B. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'enseignement de précision. Étudiante de Lindsley.
CALKIN, A.B. (1981). One minute timing improves inners. Journal of Precision Teaching, 2 (3), 9-21.
CALKIN, A.B. (1983). Counting fetal movement. Journal of Precision Teaching, 4 (2), 35-40.
CALKIN, A.B. (1990). Changes in behavior as the result of the death of a relative. Journal of Precision Teaching, 7 (2), 74-78.
CALKIN, A.B. (1992). The inner eye : Improving self-esteem. Journal of Precision Teaching, 10 (1), 42-52.
CALKIN, A.B. (2005). Precision teaching : The standard celeration charts. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6 (4), 207-213. [PDF]
 FURUMOTO, L. (1980). Mary Whiton Calkins (1863-1930). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 55-68.
Calkins Mary Whiton (Hartford 1863-1930 Newton Massachusetts) : Psychologue américaine. Bien qu'elle ait complété ses études, l'Université Harvard refusa de lui attribuer un doctorat. Elle mis néanmoins sur pied l'un des tout premiers laboratoires de psychologie en sol américain (1898). Elle fut également la toute première présidente de l'American Psychological Association, en 1905. Étudiante de Münsterberg. Collaboratrice de Dunlap, Gardiner et Warren.
 CALKINS, M.W. (1907). Psychology : What is it about ? Journal of Philosophy, Psychology & Scientific Methods, 4, 673-683.
WARREN, H.C., CALKINS, M.W., DUNLAP, K., GARDINER H.N., RUCKMICK, C.A. (1918). Report : Definitions and delimitations of psychological terms prepared by a committee of the American Psychological Association. Psychological Bulletin, 15 (3), 89-95.
  CALKINS, M.W., DUNLAP, K., GARDINER H. N., RUCKMICK, C.A. & WARREN, H.C. (1922). Definitions and limitations of psychological terms, II. Psychological Bulletin, 19 (4), 230–233.
Call Josep ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialiste de la psychologie comparée et de l'étude des orang-outans. Collaborateur de Addessi, Clayton, De Wall, Dunbar, Emery, Hare, Kaminski, Tomasello et Visalberghi.
CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (1994). Production and comprehension of referential pointing by orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 307-317.
CALL, J. (2001). Chimpanzee social cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 369-405. [PDF]
CALL, J., BRÄUER, J., KAMINSKI, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2003). Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are sensitive to the attentional state of humans. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 117, 257-263. [PDF]
CALL, J. (2007). Apes know that hidden objects can affect the orientation of other objects. Cognition, 105, 1-25. [PDF]
CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2008). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind ? 30 years later. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12 (5), 187-192. [PDF]
Calloas Nagib ( ) : Mathématicien et spécialiste vénézuélien de l'information.
CALLAOS, N. & CALLAOS, B. (2002). Toward a systematic notion of information : Practical consequences. Informing Science The International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline 5 (1), 1-11.
CALLAOS, N. (2011). Peer reviewing : Weaknesses and proposed solutions. Orlando, F : IIIS.
CALLAOS, N. (2013). Cognition and knowledge. Orlando : International Institute of Informatics and
Systemics.
CALLAOS, N. (2020). The notion of intellectual rigor : A systemic/cybernetic approach. Systemics Cybernetics & Informatics, 18 (1), 99-133. [PDF]
CALLAOS, N. & MARLOWE. T. (2020). Interdisciplinary communication rigor. The Journal of
Systemics, Cybernetics & Informatics, 18
(1),
Callon Michel (1945-) : Sociologue et ingénieur français. Avec Latour, il a contribué au développement d'une sociologie de la traduction (théorie actant/réseau). Collaborateur de Latour et Law.
CALLON, M. (1986). Éléments pour une sociologie de la traduction. La domestication des coquilles Saint-Jacques et des marins-pêcheurs dans la baie de Saint-Brieu. L'année sociologique, 36, 169-208.
CALLON, M. et LATOUR, B. (1991). Réseaux technico-économiques et irréversibilités. Dans R. Boyer, B. Chavanche et O. Godard (Dirs.), Les figures de l'irréversibilité en économie. Paris : Éditions de l'EHESS.
CALLON, M. & LATOUR, B. (1992). Don't throw the baby out with the bath school. In A. Pickering (Ed.), Science as practice and culture (pp. pp. 348-368). Chicago : Chicago University Press.
CALLON, M., LASCOUNES, P. et BARTHE, Y. (2001). Agir dans un monde incertain. Essai sur la démocratie technique. Paris : Le Seuil.
CALLON, M. (2017). L'emprise des marchés : comprendre leur fonctionnement pour pouvoir les changer. Paris : La Découverte.
Calmar : Céphalopode étudié en biologie en raison de la taille de ses axones (1 mm par rapport à quelques micromètres chez la plupart des vertébrés). Ces études ont mené notamment à la découverte des pompes à ions. = calamar, encornet, chipiron, supion. Squid, loligo.
   
PROSSER, C.L. & YOUNG, J.Z. (1937). Responses of muscles of the squid to repetitive stimulation of the giant nerve fibres. Biological Bulletin, 73, 237-241.  TASAKI, I. & SPYROPOULOS, C.S. (1958). Membrane conductance and current-voltage relation in the squid axon under voltage-clamp. American Journal of Physiology, 193 (2), 318-327.
YOUNG, J.Z. (1938). The functioning of the giant nerve fibres of the squid. Journal of Experimental Biology, 15, 170-185  MULLINS, L.J. (1959). An analysis of conductance changes in squid axon. Journal of General of Physiology, 42 (5), 1013-1035.
 HODGKIN, A.L., HUXLEY, A.F. & KATZ, B. (1952). Measurement of current-voltage relations in the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116 (4), 424-448.  COLE, K.S. & MOORE, J.W. (1960). Ionic current measurements in the squid giant axon membrane. Journal of General of Physiology, 44, 123-167.
 HODGKIN, A.L. & HUXLEY, A.F. (1952). Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116 (4), 449-472. KEYNES, R. (2005). J.Z. and the discovery of squid giant nerve fibers. Journal of Experimental Biology, 208, 179-180.
 
BURNIE, D. (Ed.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Animal, Axoneet Pieuvre
Calsyn Robert J. ( ) : Psychologue et gérontologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'itinérance. Collaborateur de Kenny et Morse.
CALSYN, R.J. & MORSE, G.A. (1990). Homeless men and women : Commonalities and a service gender gap. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18, 597-608.
CALSYN, R.J. & MORSE, G.A. (1991). Predicting chronic homelessness. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 27, 155-164.
CALSYN, R.J., ROADES, L.A., DYLAN, M.A. & CALSYN, S. (1992). Acquiescence in needs assessment studies of the elderly. Gerontologist, 32 (2), 246-252.
CALSYN, R.J. & MORSE, G.A. (1992). Predicting psychiatric symptoms among homeless people. Community Mental Health Journal, 28, 385-395.
CALSYN, R.J. & MORSE, G.A., KLINKENBERG, W.D. & TRUSTY, M. (1997). Reliability and validity of self-report data of homeless mentally ill individuals. Evaluation & Program Planning 20, 47-54.
Calvert Sandra L. (1939-) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste du développement, notamment des effets de la technologie (télévision, réseau social, tablette, etc) sur ce processus, plus particulièrement sur l'attention. Collaboratrice de Huston, Pempek et Wright.
CALVERT, S.L., HUSTON, A.C., WATKINS, B.A. & WRIGHT, J.C. (1982). The relation between selective attention to television forms and children's comprehension of content. Child Development, 53, 601-610.
CALVERT, S.L., HUSTON, A.C. & WATKINS, B.A. (1987). Preplay formats on children's attention and story comprehension. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 8
CALVERT, S.L. & GERSH, T.L. (1987). The selective use of sound effects and visual inserts for children's television story comprehension. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 8, 363-375. [PDF]
CALVERT, S.L., STAIANO, E. & BOND, B. (2013). Electronic gaming and the obesity crisis. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development, 139, 51-57.
CALVERT, S.L., RICHARDS, M.N. & KENT, C. (2014). Personalized interactive characters for toddlers' learning of seration from a video presentation. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 35, 148-155.
Calvin William H. (Kansas city 1939-) : Physiologiste et neurobiologiste américain. On lui doit le concept de marchine de Darwin.
CALVIN, W.H. & OJEMANN, G.A. (1980). Inside the brain. New York : New American Library.
CALVIN, W.H. (1987). The brain as a Darwin machine. Nature, 330, 33-34.
CALVIN, W.H. (1996). How brains think : Evolving intelligence, then and now. New York : Basic Books.
CALVIN, W.H. (1997). The six essentials ? Minimal requirements for the darwinian bootstrapping of quality. Journal of Memetics 1, 1.
CALVIN, W.H. (2004). A brief history of the mind : From apes to intellect and beyond. New York : Oxford University Press.
Caméra : Voir Vidéo-caméra.
Cameron
Donald Ewen Cameron Judith A. Cameron
 
Cameron Donald Ewen (Bridge of Allan 1901-1967) : Psychiatre américain, d'origine écossaise, connu pour ses recherches sur la reconstruction psychique et l'amnésie programmée menées en collobaration avec la CIA dans les années 50 et 60 (Le projet MKULTRA). Certaines de ces études ont été réalisées au Allan Memorial Institute de l'Université McGill.

Cameron Judith A. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste canadienne, spécialisée en éducation et dans l'étude l'apprentissage et du renforcement. Étudiante d'Eisenberger. Collaboratrice de Pierce.
CAMERON, J. & PIERCE, W.D. (1994). Reinforcement, reward and intrinsic motivation : A meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 64, 363-423.
CAMERON, J. & PIERCE, W.D. (1996). The debate about rewards and intrinsic motivation : Protests and accusations do not alter the results. Review of Educational Research, 66 (1), 39-51. [PDF]
CAMERON, J., BANKO, K.M. & PIERCE, W.D. (2001). Pervasive negative effects of rewards on intrinsic motivation : The myth continues. The Behavior Analyst, 24, 1-44. [PDF]
CAMERON, J. (2001). Negative effects of reward on intrinsic motivation - A limited phenomenon : Comment on Deci, Koestner, and Ryan (2001). Review of Educational Research, 71, 29-42. [PDF]
CAMERON, J. & PIERCE, W.D. (2005). Rewards and motivation in the classroom. Academic Exchange Quarterly, 9 (2), 67-71.
Camouflage : Camoufler Ensemble de techniques visant à se dissimuler, à passer inaperçu. Ces techniques sont utilisées en temps de guerre, à la chasse et dans certaines assemblées nationales, lors de certaines décisions decision difficile. Camouflage.
 
Campagne
Campagne (Région) Campagne politique Campage de financement
  Campagne publicitaire  
 
Campagne : Ensemble des régions d'un pays qui se caractérise par sa fonction première - l'agriculture - et son mode de peuplement, les villages et les rangs. = région rurale. /ville. Rural.
 
KUNTZ, K.M. & GUNDERSON, S.K. (2002). Non-normative and pro-social conformity : A study of rural and urban differences. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 233-239. [PDF]
AMATO, P.R. (1983). Helping behavior in urban and rural environments. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 45, 571-586.
AMATO, P.R. (1993). Urban-rural differences in helping friends and family members. Social Psychology Quarterly, 56, 249-262.
LEVINE, R.V., MARTINEZ, T., BRASE, G. & SORENSON, K. (1994). Helping in 36 U.S. cities. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 67, 69-82. [PDF]
STOCKARD, J. (2011). Increasing reading skills in rural areas : An analysis of three school districts. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 26 (8), 1-19. [PDF]
Campagne politique : Organisation temporaire visant à promouvoir un projet ou les candidt-e-s d'un parti politique avant les élections. = campagne électorale. Political campaign.
   
NEALE, T. (1991). Negative campaigning in national politics : An overview. (Report No. 91-775 GOV). Washington : Congressional Research Service. THOMAS, R., GANGL, A. & STEVENS, D. (2000). The effects of efficacy and emotions on campaign involvement. Journal of Politics, 62, 1189-1197.
O'NEILL, R.M. (1992). Regulating speech to cleanse political campaigns. Capitol University Law Review, 21, 575-591. DAVENPORT, T.C., GERBER, A.S., GREEN, D.P. LARIMER, C.W., MANN, C.B. & PANAGOPOULOS, C. (2010). The enduring effects of social pressure : Tracking campaign experiments over a series of elections. Political Behavior, 32 (3), 423-430.
PATTERSON, S. & CALDEIRA, G. (1993). Getting out the vote : Participation in Gubernatorial campaigns. American Political Science Review, 77, 6756-689. WEBER, C. (2012). Emotions, campaigns and political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 66 (2), 414-428. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Candidat-e, Parti politique, Engagement politique et Élection
 
Campagne publicitaire : Mode de présentation des publicités dans les média. Publicity campaign.
   
LEILA, C. & ABDERRAZAK, G. (2013). The impact of the effectiveness of a buzz marketing campaign on the image, awareness and purchasing decision : The moderating role of involvement. Journal of Marketing Research & Case Studies, 1-18. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Publicité
Campagne de financement : Organisation temporaire visant à recueillir les sommes d'argent nécessaires à la réalisation d'un projet. = aider une bonne cause, promouvoir une idée. Fund raising.
 
BELL, R.A. ABRAHAMS, M.F. CLARK, C. & SCHLATTER, C. (1996). The door-in-the-face compliance strategy : an individual differences analysis of two models in an aids fund raising context. Communication Quarterly, 44, 107-124.
GUÉGUEN, N. & JACOB, C. (2001). Fund raising on the Web : The effect of the electronic foot-in-the-door on prosocial request. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4 (6), 705-709. [PDF]
LIST, J.A. & LUCKING-REILEY, D. (2002). The effects of seed money and refunds on charitable giving : Experimental evidence from a university capital campaign. Journal of Political Economy, 110 (1), 215-233. [PDF]
VESTERLUND, L. (2003). The informational value of sequential fund raising. Journal of Public Economics, 87, 627-657.
GUÉGUEN, N. (2003). Fund raising on the Web : The effect of the electronic foot-in-the-door on prosocial request. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6 (2), 189-193. [PDF]
NORTON, M.I. & GOETHALS, G.R. (2004). Spin (and pitch) doctors : Campaign strategies in televised political debates. Political Behavior, 26, 227-248.
ANDREONI, J. (2006). Leadership giving in charitable fund raising. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 8, 1-22.
Campbell
Alfred Walter Campbell Donald T. Campbell Susan B. Campbell
Byron A. Campbell Rebecca Campbell W. Keith Campbell
 
Campbell Alfred Walter (Harden 1868-1937 Rose Bay) : Médecin et neurologue australien. Il propose de diviser le cerveau en 52 aires.
 
CAMPBELL, A.W. (1894). A contribution to the morbid anatomy and pathology of the neuro-muscular changes in general paresis of the insane. Journal of Mental Science, 40 (169), 177–195.
CAMPBELL, A.W. (1894). On vacuolation of the nerve cell of the human cerebral cortex. Journal of Pathology & Bacteriology, 2 (3), 380–393.
CAMPBELL, A.W. (1903). Degenerations consequent on experimental lesions of the cerebellum. British Medical Journal, 2, 641–-642.
CAMPBELL, A.W. (1905). Histological studies on the localisation of cerebral function. Cambridge University Press.
CAMPBELL, A.W. (1906). Cerebral sclerosis. Brain, 28 (3–4), 367-437.

Von BONIN, G. (1953). Alfred Walter Campbell. In W. Haymaker (Ed.), The founders of neurology (pp. 16-18). Springfield : C.C.Thomas. EADIE, M.J. (2001). A.W. Campbell's Australian career : 1905–1937. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 8 (6), 514–529.
EADIE, M.J. (2001). A. W. Campbell : Australia's first neurologist. Clinical & Experimental Neurology. 17, 27–35. EADIE, M.J. (2003). Alfred Walter Campbell (1868–-1937). Journal of Neurology, 250 (2), 249–250.

Voir aussi Aphasie et Aire de Broca,
Campbell Byron A. (1927-2021) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste et spécialiste de l'étude de la mémoire et de l'ontogénèse. Collaborateur de Church.
CAMPBELL, B.A. & CAMPBELL, E.H. (1962). Retention and extinction of learned fear in infant and adult rats. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 55, 1-8.
CAMPBELL, B.A. & SPEAR, N.E. (1972). Ontogeny of memory. Psychological Review, 79, 215-236.
CAMPBELL, B.A. MISANIN, J.R., WHITE, B.C. & LYTLE, L.D. (1974). Species differences in ontogeny of memory : Indirect support for neural maturation as a determinant of forgetting. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 87, 193-202.
CAMPBELL, B.A. & ALBERTS, J.R. (1979). Ontogeny of long-term memory for learned taste versions. Behavioral & Neuralbiology, 25, 139-156. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, B.A. (1984). Reflections on the ontogeny of learning and memory. In R.V. Kail & N.E. Spear (Eds.), Comparative perspectives on the development of memory (pp. 23-35). New York : Routledge.
Campbell Donald T. (1916-1996) : Psychologue, statisticien et méthodologiste américain. Président de l'APA en 1975. Étudiant de Jones. Professeur de Heyes. Collaborateur de Cook, Fiske, Miller, Shadish et Stanley et Wertsch.
CAMPBELL, D.T. (1957). Methodological suggestions from a comparative psychology of knowledge processes. Inquiry, 2, 152-182.
CAMPBELL, D.T. (1957). Factors relevant to validity of experiments in social settings. Psychological Bulletin, 54, 297-312. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, D.T. & FISKE, D.W. (1959). Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait multimethod matrix. Psychological Bulletin, 56, 81-105. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, D.T. & STANLEY, J.C. (1966). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research. Chicago : Rand McNally and Company.
CAMPBELL, D.T. & ROSS, L. (1968). The Connecticut crackdown on speeding : Time-series data in quasi-experimental analysis. Law & Society Review, 3 (1), 33-54. [PDF]
BREWER, M.B. & COOK, T.D. (1997). Donald T. Campbell (1916-1996): Obituary. American Psychologist, 52 (3), 267-268.
SHADISH, W.R. & COOK, T.D. (1998). Donald Campbell and evaluation theory. American Journal of Evaluation, 19, 417-422.
MILLER, N., PEDERSEN, W.C. & POOLOCK, V.E. (2000). Discriminative validity. In L. Bickman (Ed.), Donald Campbell's legacy : Validity and social experimentation (pp. 65-99). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage. [PDF]
Campbell Rebecca ( ) : Psychologue et féministe américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude du viol et des agressions sexuelles.
CAMPBELL, R., SEFL, T. & AHRENS, C.E. (2004). The impact of rape on women's sexual health risk behaviors. Health Psychology, 23, 67-74.
CAMPBELL, R. & WASCO, S.M. (2005). Understanding rape and sexual assault : 20 years of progress and future directions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20 (1), 127-131. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, R. (2008). The psychological impact of rape victims' experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. American Psychologist, 68, 702-717.
CAMPBELL, R. PATTERSON, D., DWORKIN, E. & DIEGEL, R. (2010). Anogenital injuries in childhood sexual abuse victims treated in a pediatric forensic nurse examiner (FNE) program. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 6, 188-195.
CAMPBELL, R., GREESON, M., FEHLER-CABRAL, G. & KENNEDY, A. (2015). Pathways to help : Adolescent sexual assault victims' disclosure and help-seeking experiences. Violence Against Women, 21, 824-847.
Campbell Susan B. ( ) : Psychologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de l'hyperactivité et du trouble déficitaire de l'attention. Collaboratrice de Douglas.
CAMPBELL, S.B. (1973). Mother-child interaction in reflective, impulsive, and hyperacative children. Developmental Psychology, 8, 341-349.
CAMPBELL, S.B. (1975). Mother-child interactions : A comparison of hyperactive, learning disabled, and normal boys. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 45, 51-57.
CAMPBELL, S.B. (1987). Parent-referred problem three-year olds : Developmental changes in symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 28, 835-846.
CAMPBELL, S.B., MATESTIC, P., VON STAUFFENBERG, C., MOHAN, R. & KIRCHNER, T. (2007). Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, maternal sensitivity, and children’s functioning at school entry. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1202-1215. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, S.B. & VON STAUFFENBERG, C. (2009). Delay and inhibition as early predictors of ADHD symptoms in third grade. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37, 1-15. [PDF]
Campbell W. Keith ( ) : Psychologue organisationel et industriel américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du narcissisme. Collaborateur de Foster, Lynam, Miller, Sedikides et Twenge.
CAMPBELL, W.K. (1999). Narcissism and romantic attraction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 77, 1254-1270. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, W.K., FORSTER, C.A. & FINKEL, E.J. (2002). Does self-love lead to love for others ? A story of narcissistic game playing. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83, 340-354. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, W.K., BUSH, C.P., BRUNELL, A.B. & SHELTON, J. (2005). Understanding the social costs of narcissism : The case of the Tragedy of the Commons Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 (10), 1358-1368. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, W.K. & CAMPBELL, S.M. (2009). On the self-regulatory dynamics created by the peculiar benefits and costs of narcissism : A contextual reinforcement model and examination of leadership. Self & Identity, 8, 214-232. [PDF]
CAMPBELL, W.K., HOFFMAN, B.J., CAMPBELL, S.M. & MARCHISIO, G. (2011). Narcissism in organizational contexts. Human Resource Management Review, 21, 268-284. [PDF]
Campion/Campione
Véronique Campion-Vincent Joseph C. Campione
 
Campion-Vincent Véronique ( ) : Sociologue et ingénieure francaise, spécialiste de l'étude des légendes et des rumeurs.
CAMPION-VINCENT, V. (1990). Situations d'incertitude et rumeurs : disparitions et meurtres d'enfants. Communications, 52, 51-60.
CAMPION-VINCENT, V. (1992). Des fauves dans nos campagnes. Légendes, rumeurs et apparitions. Paris : Imago.
CAMPION-VINCENT, V. (1997). La légende des vols d'organes. Paris : Les Belles Lettres.
CAMPION-VINCENT, V. (2002). Légendes urbaines, rumeurs d'aujourd'hui. Paris : Payot/Petite Bibliothèque.
CAMPION-VINCENT, V. (2007). La société parano, théories du complot, menaces et incertitude. Paris : Payot.
Campione Joseph C. ( ) : Socioconstructiviste américain, spécialisé en éducation et en apprentissage scolaire. Collaborateur de Brown et Palincsar.
CAMPIONE, J.C. & BROWN, L.A. (1978). Toward a theory of intelligence : Contributions from research with retarded children. Intelligence, 2, 279-304.
BROWN, L.A. & CAMPIONE, J.C. (1992). Students as researchers and teachers. In J.W. Keefe & H.J. Walberg (Eds.), Teaching for thinking (pp. 49-57). Reston, VA : National Association of Secondary School Principals.
PALINCSAR, A.S., BROWN, L.A. & CAMPIONE, J.C. (1993). First-grade dialogues for knowledge acquisition and use. In E.A. Forman, N. Minick & C. Addison Stone (Eds.), Contexts for learning (pp. 45-51). New York : Oxford University Press.
BROWN, L.A. & CAMPIONE, J.C. (1995). Concevoir une communauté de jeunes élèves. Leçons théoriques et pratiques. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 11, 11-33.
BROWN, L.A. & CAMPIONE, J.C. (1996). Psychological theory and design of innovative learning environments : on procedures, principles and systems. In L. Schauble & R. Glaser (Eds.), Innovations in learning : New environments for education. Mahwah, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Campos Joseph J. ( ) : Psychologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du développement, notamment des émotions. Collaborateur de Camras, Emde et Fischer.
CAMPOS, J.J., LANGER, A. & KROWITZ, A. (1970). Cardiac responses on the visual cliff in prelocomotor human infants. Science, 170, 196-197.
CAMPOS, J., BERTHENTAL, B. & KERMOIAN, R. (1992). Early experience and emotional development : The emergence of wariness of heights. Psychological Science, 3, 61-64. [PDF]
CAMPOS, J., KERMOIAN, R., WITHERINGTON, D., CHEN, H. & DONG, Q. (1996). Activity, attention, and developmental transitions in infancy. In P. Lang, R. Simons & M. Balaban (Eds.), Attention and orienting : Sensory and motivational processes (pp. 393-415). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
CAMPOS, J.J., FRANKEL, C.B. & CARMRAS, L. (2004). On the nature of emotion regulation. Child Development, 75 (2), 377-394. [PDF]
CAMPOS, J.J. (2006). Prelude to a theme on emotion and gratitude. Journal of Personality, 74 (1), 3-7.
Camras Linda A. ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste du développement des enfants, notamment des émotions et de leur expression. Collaboratrice de Campos.
CAMRAS, L.A. & ALLISON, K. (1985). Cite as children's understanding of emotional facial expressions and verbal labels. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 9 (2), 84-94.
CAMRAS, L.A., SULLIVAN, J. & MICHEL, G. (1993). Do infants express discrete emotions ? : Adult judgments of facial, vocal, and body actions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 17, 171-186.
CAMRAS, L.A., LAMBRECHT, L. & MICHEL, G. (1996). Infant “surprise” expressions as coordinative motor structures. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 20, 183-195.
CAMRAS, L.A. & SHUTTER, J. (2010). Emotional facial expressions in infancy. Emotion Review, 2, 120-129.
CAMRAS, L.A. (2011). Differentiation, dynamical integration and functional emotional development. Emotion Review, 3, 138-146. [PDF]
Canada : Canadien-ne : Pays et Culture.
   
MINER, H. (1938). Le changement dans la culture rurale canadienne-française. The American Journal of Sociology, 44, 365-378. [PDF] BRETON, G. et DUCHASTEL, J. (2000). Multiculturalisme, pluralisme et communauté politique : Le Canada et le Québec. Dans M. Elbaz et D. Helly (Dir.), Mondialisation, citoyenneté et multiculturalisme (p. 147-170). Montréal : L'Harmattan.
HUGHES, E.C. (1943). French Canada in transition / Rencontre de deux mondes. La crise de l'industrialisation du Canada français. [PDF] KATZMARZYK, P.T., GLEDHILL, N. & SHEPARD, R.J. (2000). The economic burden of physical inactivity in Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 163 (11), 1435-1440. [PDF]
PRADOS, M. (1954). La psychanalyse au Canada. La Revue Canadienne de Psychanalyse, 1, 1-33. FRAYN, D.H. (Ed.) (2000). Psychoanalysis in Toronto, historical perspectives. Toronto : Ash Productions.
TRUDEL, M. (1973). La population du Canada en 1663. Montréal : Fides. DUCHESNE, M., CÔTÉ, S.D. & BARRETTE, C. (2000). Responses of woodland caribou to winter ecotourism in the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, Canada. Biological Conservation, 96, 311-317.
COMEAU, R. (1978). L'idéologie petite-bourgeoise des indépendantistes de La Nation, 1936-1938. Dans F, Dumont, J.P. Montminy et J. Hamelin (Eds.), Idéologie au Canada Français, 1930-1939 (pp. 201-214). Québec : Les Presses de l'Université Laval. [PDF] HELLY, D. (2000). Le multiculturalisme canadien. Cahiers de l'Urmis, 6. [LIRE].
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HOFF, T.L. (1992). Psychology in Canada one hundred years ago : James Mark Baldwin at the University of Toronto. Canadian Psychology, 33, 683-694. DURRANT, J.E., ROSE-KRASNOR, L. & BROBERG, A. (2003). Maternal beliefs about physical punishment in Sweden and Canada. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34, 586-604.
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Voir aussi Québec
Canadian Field-Naturalist : Revue scientifique. Éditeur : The Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club.
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Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science : Revue scientifique de psychologie. Éditeur : APA.
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Canadian Journal of Education/Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages aux études en éducation. Éditeur : CSSE.
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BOUCHARD, P. et ST-AMANT, J.C. (2000). Pratiques de masculinité à l’école québécoise. Revue Canadienne de l’Éducation, 25 (2), 73-87.
 
Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology : Revue scientifique de psychologie. Éditeur : APA.
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Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages aux neurosciences.
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Canadian Journal of Philosophy : Revue de philosophie.
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Canadian Undergraduate Journal of Cognitive Science : Revue scientifique de psychologie qui publie les articles des étudiants universitaires.


 
Canal à ions : Mécanisme électrochimique découvert par Hodgkin et Huxley, qui consiste en une série de canaux permettant un échange d'ions entre la membrane cellulaire et le milieu extra-cellulaire. Cet échange produit une différence de part et d'autre de la membrane d'une cellule dans la répartition des ions de potassium chargés négativement et des ions de sodium chargés négativement, différence qui résulte en un potentiel électrique d'action. Ce mécanisme permet d'expliquer la dépolarisation de la membrane cellulaire et, partant, le passage de proche en proche de l'influx nerveux le long de l'axone. = canal sodium/potassium. Sodium and potassium ions.
   
 HODGKIN, A.L. & HUXLEY, A.F. (1952). Currents carried by sodium and potassium ions through the membrane of the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116 (4), 449-472.
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 HODGKIN, A.L. & HUXLEY, A.F. (1952). The dual effect of membrane potential on sodium conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. Journal of Physiology, 116 (4), 497-506.
 HILLE, B. (1972). Ionic permeability changes in active axon membranes. Archives of Internal Medicine, 129 (2), 293-298.

Voir aussi Hodgkin et Huxley
Canard : Oiseau. Canard et empreinte. Duck, duckling.
   
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LICKLITER, R. & GOTTLIEB, G. (1986). Training ducklings in broods interferes with maternal imprinting. Developmental Psychobiology, 19, 555-566.
LICKLITER, R. & GOTTLIEB, G. (1987). Retroactive excitation : Post-training social experience with siblings consolidates maternal imprinting in ducklings. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 101, 40-46.
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Voir aussi Animal, Oiseau et Animal de ferme
 

Lorenz et ses canards
 
Cançado Carlos Renato Xavier ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste mexicain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'apprentissage. Collaborateur de Lattal.
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Voir aussi Prévention et Fumer
Cancérigène (Facteurs/Substances) : Ensemble des facteurs ou des substances qui provoque l'apparition d'un cancer. Carcinogenicity study.
 
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Candidat : Candidature : Tout individu qui brigue un poste, qui désire être choisi à ce poste par nomination, cooptation ou élection. La première étape consiste à faire part de ses intentions à l'employeur de son choix. Généralement, poser sa candidature consiste à faire parvenir ses lettres de recommandation et un CV au comité de sélection du service de ressources humaines de l'entreprise, et s'il y a lieu, à passer une entrevue d'embauche et des tests psychologiques, à faire une simulation d'emploi ou des jeux de rôle, etc. Dans certains cas, les candidats sont choisis sans autres formalités en raison de leurs états de service ou de leur potentiel unique. Candidate.
   
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Voir aussi Élection et CV
Canguilhem Georges (Castelnaudary France 1904-1995 Marly-le-Roi France) : Philosophe et un épistémologue français. Il s'est notamment intéressé au problème de la normalité et de la déviance (anormalité/pathologie). Professeur de Deleuze et Foucault.
CANGUILHEM, G. (1943/66). Essai sur quelques problèmes concernant le normal et le pathologique. Paris : Presses Universitaire de France.
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CANGUILHEM, G. (1991). The normal and the pathological. New York : Zone Books.
MACHEREY, P. (2009). De Canguilhem à Foucault la force des normes. Paris : La fabrique éditions.
Canidé : Famille de mammifères carnivores digitigrades. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Canid.
Canidés
Chacal Coyote Loup
Chien Hyène Lycaon
    Renard
 
 
Règne animal
  Embranchement  
  Classe  
  Ordre  
  Famille  
  Genre  
  Espèce  
  Population  
   
BEKOFF, M. (1977). Social communication in canids, evidence for the evolution of a stereotyped mammalian display. Science, 197, 1097-1099.
WAYNE, R.K. & O'BRIEN, S.J. (1987). Allozyme divergence within the canidae. Systematic Zoology 36 (4), 339–355.
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BURNIE, D. (Dir.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Animal
Cannabis : Drogue extraite du chanvre indien ou cannabis, qui possède des propriétés hallucinogènes et euphorisantes. On la nomme marijuana lorsqu'elle est consommée sous forme de feuilles/herbes et hashisch quand elle est sous forme de résine. Dans certains pas, comme le Canada et les Pays-bas, la consommation et la possession de petite quantité de cannabis ont été décriminalisées. Cette légalisation a engendrée une lègre augmentation des comsommateurs; elle a surtout augmenté de manière significative la part des usagers réguliers (par rapport aux occassionnels). = marijuana, marihuana, cannabinoïdes, haschich. Marijuana, cannabis, Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, THC.
   
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PAGE, J.B., FLETCHER, J. & TRUE, W.R. (1988). Psychosociocultural perspectives on chronic cannabis use : The Costa Rican follow-up. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 20, 57-65. DENSON, T.F. & EARLEYWINE, M. (2006). Pothead or pot smoker ? A taxometric investigation of cannabis dependence. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention & Policy, 1 (22), 1-6. [PDF]

MESSINIS, L., KYPRIANIDOU, A., MALEFAKI, S. & APATHANASOPOULOS, P. (2006). Neuropsychological deficits in long-term frequent cannabis users. Neurology, 66,737–739
ANDRÉASSON, S., ALLEBECK, P., ENGSTRÖM, A. & RYDBERG, U. (1988). Cannabis and schizophrenia : a longitudinal study of Swedish conscripts. Lancet, 2 (8574), 1483-1485. ZICKLER, P. (2006). Marijuana smoking is associated with a spectrum of respiratory disorders. NIDA Notes, 21 (1), 12-13.
TASHKIN, D.P., SIMMONS, M. & CLARK, V. (1988). Effect of habitual smoking of marijuana alone and with tobacco on nonspecific airways hyperreactivity. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 20 (1), 21-25. ZVOLENSKY, M.J., BERNSTEIN, A., SACH-ERICCSON, N., SCHMIDT, N.B., BUCKENER, J. & BONN-MILLER, M.O. (2006). Cannabis use, abuse, and dependence and panic attacks in a representative sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 40, 477-486.
AMARO, H., WHITAKER, R., COFFMAN, G. & HEEREN, T. (1990). Acculturation and marijuana and cocaineuse : Findings from HANES 1982-84. American Journal of Public Health, 80, 54-60. DENSON, T.F. & EARLEYWINE, M. (2006). Decreased depression in marijuana users. Addictive Behaviors, 41, 738-742. [PDF]
THORNICROFT, G. (1990). Cannabis and psychosis. Is there epidemiological evidence for an association ? British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 25-33. KUMRA, S. (2007). Schizophrenia and cannabis use. Minnesota Medicine, 90 (1), 36-38.

MURRAY, R.M., MORRISON, P.D., HENQUET, C. & DI FORTI, M. (2007). Cannabis, the mind and society : The hash realities. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8, 885–895.
FOLTIN, R.W., FISCHMAN, M.W., BRADY, J.V., BERNSTEIN, D.J., CAPRIOTTI, R.M., NELLIS, M.J. & KELLY, T.H. (1990). Motivational effects of smoked marijuana : Behavioral contingencies and low-probability activities. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53 (1), 5-19. [PDF] TWOHIG, M.P., SHOENBERGER, D. & HAYES, S.C. (2007). A preliminary investigation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a treatment for marijuana dependence in adults. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (4), 619-632. [PDF]
DAY, N.L. & RICHARDSON, G.A. (1991). Prenatal marijuana use : Epidemiology, methodological issues, and infant outcome. Chemical Dependency & Pregnancy, 18, 77-91. DENSON, T.F. & EARLEYWINE, M. (2008). Self-reported use of alcohol, marijuana, and hard drugs and aggression : A structural equation modeling analysis of an internet survey of long-term marijuana users. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 16, 164-180. [PDF]

JAGER, G. & RAMSEY, N.F. (2008). Long-term consequences of adolescent cannabis exposure on the development of cognition, brain structure and function : An overview of animal and human research. Current Drug Abuse Reviews 1, 114–-12O.
CHAUDRY, H.R., MOSS, H.B., BASHIR, A. & SULIMAN, T. (1991). Cannabis psychosis following bhang ingestion. British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1065-1081. MORGAN, C.J. & CURRAN, H.V. (2008). Effects of cannabidiol on schizophrenia-like symptoms in people who use cannabis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 192, 306-307.

McLAREN, J., SWIFT, W., DILLON, P. & ALLSOP, S. (2008). Cannabis potency and contamination : A review of the literature. Addiction, 103, 1100-1109.
SCALLET, A.C. (1991). Neurotoxicology of cannabis and THC : A review of chronic exposure studies in animals. 671–-676.
SOLOWJI, N. & BATTISTI, R. (2008). The chronic effects of cannabis on memory in humans : A review. Current Drug Abuse Reviews, 1, 81-89.
SOLOWIJ, N., MICHIE, P.T. & FOX, A.M. (1991). Effects of long-term cannabis use on selective attention : an event-related potential study. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 40, 683-688. FRISHER, M., CROME, I., MARTINO, O. & CROFT, P. (2009). Assessing the impact of cannabis use on trends in diagnosed schizophrenia in the United Kingdom from 1996 to 2005. Schizophrenia Research, 113 (2-3), 123-128. [PDF]
BAILEY, S.L., FLEWELLING, R.L. & RACHAL, J.V. (1992). Predicting continued use of marijuana among adolescents : The relative influence of drug-specific and social context factors. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 33, 51-66. BHATTACHARYYA, S., MORRISON, D., FUSAR-POLI, P., MARTIN-SANTOS, R., BORGWARDT, S., WINTON-BROWN, T., NOSARTI, C., O'CARROLL, C.M., SEAL, M., ALLEN, P., MEHTA, M.A., STONE, J.M., TUNSTALL, N., IAMPIETRO, V., KAPUR, S., MURRAY, R.M., ZUARDI, A.W., CRIPPA, J.A., ATAKAN, Z. & MCGUIRE, P.K. (2010). Opposite effects of D-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on human brain function and psychopathology. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35 (3), 764-774. [PDF]
ZARETSKY, A., RECTOR, N.A., SEEMAN, N.V. & FORNAZZARI, X. (1993). Current cannabis use and tardive dyskinesia. Schizophrenia Research, 11, 3-8. ZVOLENSKY, M.J., COUGLE, J.R., JOHNSON, K.A., BONN-MILLER, M.O. & BERNSTEIN, A. (2010). Marijuana use and panic psychopathology among a representative sample of adults. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18 (2), 129-134. [PDF]
KELLY, T.H., FOLTIN, R.W. & ISHMAN, M.W. (1993). Effects of smoked marijuana on heart rate, drug ratings and task performance by humans. Behavioural Pharmacology, 4, 167-178. KOLLIAKOU A., JOSEPH, C., ISMAIL, K., ATAKAN, Z. & MURRAY, R.M. (2011). Why do patients with psychosis use cannabis and are they ready to change their use ? International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 29, 335-346.
SMITH, P.F. (1995). Cannabis and the brain. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 24, 5-12. THOMPSON, V.A., PROWSE, J.A. & PENNYCOOK, G. (2011). Intuition, reason, and metacognition. Cognitive Psychology, 63, 107-140. [PDF]

SHRIVASTAVA, A., JOHNSTON, M. & TSUANG, M. (2011). Cannabis use and cognitive dysfunction. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 53 (3), 187-191.

SOLOWJI, N. JONES KA, ROZMAN ME, DAVIS SM, CIARROCHI J, HEAVEN PC, LUBMAN DI, YÜCEL M. (2011). Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users. Psychopharmacology, 216, 131–144.
AZORIOSA. J.L., GREENWALD, M.K. & STITZER, M.L. (1995). Marijuana smoking : effects of varying puff volume and breathhold duration. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 272 (2), 560-569. CASADIOA, P., FERNANDES, C., MURRAY, R.M. & DI FORTI, M. (2011). Cannabis use in young people : The risk for schizophrenia. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35, 1779-1787. [PDF]
AKERS, R.L. & LEE, G. (1996). Adolescent marijuana use : A test of three theories of deviant behavior. Deviant Behavior, 6 (4), 323-346. TAFFE, M.A. (2012). Delta(9)Tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26, 1299-1306.
POPE, H.G. & YERGLUN-TODD, D. (1996). The residual cognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in college students. Journal of the American Medical Association, 275 (7), 521-527. [PDF] SCHIMMELMANN, B., CONUS, P., COTTON S., KUPFERSCHMID, S., MCGORRY, P.D. & LAMBERT, M. (2012). Prevalence and impact of cannabis use disorders in adolescents with early onset first episode psychosis. European Psychiatry, 27, 463-469.

MEIER, M.H., CASPI, A., AMBLER, A., HARRINGTON, H., HOUTS, R., KEEFE, R.S., MCDONALD, K., WARD, A., POULTON, R. & MOFFITT, T.E. (2012). Persistent cannabis users show neuropsychological decline from childhood to midlife. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109 (40), 2657–2664. [PDF]
WORKSHOP ON THE MEDICAL UTILITY OF MARIJUANA. (1997). Report to the director, National Institutes of Health, by the Ad Hoc Group of Experts. Washington, DC : National Institutes of Health. TAFFE, M.A. (2012). Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates MDMA-induced hyperthermia in rhesus monkeys. Neuroscience, 201, 125-133.

DOUGHERTY, D.M., MATHIAS, C.W., DAWES, M.A., FURR, R.M., CHARLES, N.E., LIGUORI, A, SHANON, E.E. & ACHESON, A. (2013). Impulsivity, attention, memory, and decision-making among adolescent marijuana users. Psychopharmacology, 226 (2), 307-319.
ZIMMER, L. & MORGAN, J.P. (1997). Marijuana myths and marijuana facts. New York : The Lindesmith Center. WRIGHT, J.M., VANDEWATER, S.A. & TAFFE, M.A. (2013). Cannabidiol attenuates deficits of visuospatial associative memory induced by ?(9) tetrahydrocannabinol. British Journal of Pharmacology, 170, 1365-1373. [PDF]
GRECH, A., TAKEI, N. & MURRAY, R. (1998). Comparison of cannabis use in psychotic patients and controls in London and Malta. Schizophrenia Research, 1 (29),22. SARA, G.P., BURGESS, G., MALHI, H., WHITEFOD, H. & HALL, W. (2014). Cannabis and stimulant disorders and readmissions 2 years after first episode psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 204, 448-453.
GARDNER, E.L. & VOREL, R.S. (1998). Cannabinoid transmission and reward-related events. Neurobiology of Disease, 5 (6), 502-533. WU, L.-T., SWARTZ, M., BRADY, K.T. & HOYLE, R.H. (2015). Perceived cannabis use norms and cannabis use among adolescents in the United States. Journal Psychiatric Research, 64, 79-87. [PDF]
CASPARI, D. (1999). Cannabis and schizophrenia : Results of a follow-up study. European Archives of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 249, 45-49. POTVIN, S., STIP, E. & ROY, J.-Y. (2018). Schizophrénie et cannabinoïdes : Données cliniques, expérimentales et biologiques. Drogues, Santé et Société, 2 (2), 1-16. [PDF]
SOLOWJI, N. (1998). Cannabis and cognitive functioning. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press. GOULD, J., GREENE, D. & DONNELLY, R. (2020). Marijuana use and achievement motives : An exploratory analysis of self-reported health among adult cannabis consumers. Journal of Drug Issues, 50 (3), 259-272.

GHELANI, A., ARMSTRONG, G. & HAYWOOD, A. (2023). Motivations for cannabis use in youth with first episode psychosis : a scoping review. Psychosis, 1 (1), 17-27.

Voir aussi Style de vie, Psychose induite par des substances et Drogue
 
Cannibalisme : Consiste à tuer et à manger un congénère (avec ou sans sel). Cannibalism.
   
HAILMAN, J.P. (1960). Cannibalism. Science, 132, 829-831. DAY, C.S.D. & GALEF, B.G. (1977). Pup cannibalism : One aspect of maternal behavior in golden hamsters. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 91, 1179-1189.
HARRIS, M. (1964). Cannibals and kings : The origins of cultures. New York : Random House. NISHIDA, T. & KAWANAKA, K. (1985). Within-group cannibalism by adult male chimpanzees. Primates, 26, 274-284.
SUZUKI, A. (1971). Carnivority and cannibalism observed among forest-living chimpanzees. Journal of Anthropological Society of Nippon, 79, 30-48. WATTS, D.P. & MITANI, J. (2000). Infanticide and cannibalism by male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. Primates, 41, 357-365.
GOODALL, J. (1977). Infant-killing and cannibalism in free-living chimpanzees. Folia Primatologica, 28, 259-282. STIRLING, I. & ROSS, J.E. (2011). Observations of cannibalism by polar bears (Ursus maritimus) on summer and autumn sea ice at Svalbard, Norway. Arctic, 64, 478-482.
 
Voir aussi Tuer et Congénère
Cannon Walter Bradford (Wisconsin 1871-1945) : Biologiste et physiologiste américain. En collaboration avec Bard, il a développé une théorie des émotions. On lui doit également le concept d'homéostasie. Professeur de Bard. Collaborateur de Rosenblueth.
CANNON, W.B. (1913/20). The interrelation of emotion suggest by recent physioiogical research. American Journal of psychology, 256, Année Psychologique, 421.
CANNON, W.B. (1918). Bodily changes. In pain, hunger, fear, and rage. New York/London : Appleton-Century-Crofts.
CANNON, W.B. (1919). Les bases physiologiques de la soif. Revue Générale de Sciences.
CANNON, W.B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotions : A critical examination and an alternative theory. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 106-124.
CANNON, W.B. (1932/46). The wisdom of the body. New York : WW Norton and Company. / La sagesse du corps. Paris : Éditions de la Nouvelle Revue Critique.
Canons de Morgan (Les) : Voir Morgan (Les canons). Morgan's canon.
CANTAB : Test psychométrique qui permet d'évaluer l'autisme. = Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery.
   
ROBBINS, T.W., JAMES, M., OWEN, A.M., SAHAKIAN, B.J., MCINNES, L. & RABBITT, P.M.A. (1994). Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) : A factor analytic study of a large sample of normal elderly volunteers. Dementia, 5, 266-281.
FRAY, P.J., ROBBINS, T.W. & SAHAKIAN, B.J. (1996). Neuropsychiatric applications of CANTAB. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 329-336.
ROBBINS, T.W., JAMES, M., OWEN, A.M., SAHAKIAN, B.J., LAWRENCE, A.D., MCINNES, L. & RABBITT, P.M.A. (1998). A study of performance on tests from the CANTAB battery sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in a large sample of normal volunteers : Implications for theories of executive functioning and cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 4, 474-490.
OZONOFF, S., COOK, H., COON, H., DAWSON, G., JOSEPH, R.M., KLIN, A., MCMAHON, W.M., MINSHEW, N., MUNSON, J.A., PENNINGTON, B.F., ROGERS, S.J., SPENCE, A., TAGER-FLUSBERG, H., VOLKMAR, F.R. & WRATHALL, D. (2004). Performance on Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery subtests sensitive to frontal lobe function in people with autistic disorder : Evidence from the collaborative programs of Excellence in Autism Network. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 34 (2), 139-150. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test et Mesure/Évaluation de l'autisme
Canter Lee (1947-) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation. Il s'intéresse notamment à la discipline et à la gestion de classe.
CANTER, L. (1976). Assertive discipline : a take-cherge approach for today' s educator. Seal Beach, CA : Lee Canter Associates.
CANTER, L. (1989). Assertive discipline : More than names on the board and marbles in a jar. The Phi Delta Kappan, 71 (1), 57-61. [PDF]
CANTER, L. & CANTER, M. (1993). Succeeding with difficult students : New strategies for reaching your most challenging students. Santa Monica, CAS : Les Canter Associates.
CANTER, L. (1996). First, the rapport - then, the rules. Learning, 24 (5), 12-14.
CANTER, L. (2005). Classroom management for academic success. National Educational Service.
Cantor
Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philippg Cantor James M. Cantor
 
Cantor Georg Ferdinand Ludwig Philippg (Saint-Pétersbourg 1845-1918 Halle) : Mathématicien allemand d'origine russe. On lui doit la théorie des ensembles et le concept d'infinité des nombres.
CANTOR, G. (1969). Fondements d'une théorie générale des ensembles. Seuil : Paris.



DAUBEN, J.W. (1979). Georg Cantor, his mathematics and philosophy of the infinite. Princeton University Press.
CHARRAUD, N. (1994). Infini et inconscient, essai sur Georg Cantor. Paris : Economica.
Cantor James M. ( ) : Psychologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la pédophilie. Étudiant de Blanchard. Collaborateur de Barbaree et Seto.
CANTOR, J.M., BLINK, Y.M. & PFAUS, J.G. (1999). Chronic fluoxetine inhibits sexual behavior in the male rat : Reversal with oxytocin. Psychopharmacology, 144, 355-362.
CANTOR, J.M., BLANCHARD, R., CHRISTENSEN, B.K., DICKEY, R., KLASSEN, P., BECKSTEAD, A.L., BLAK, T. & KUBAN, M.E. (2004). Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia. Neuropsychology, 18, 3-14.
CANTOR, J.M., BLANCHARD, R., ROBICHAUD, L.K. & CHRISTENSEN, B.K. (2005). Quantitative reanalysis of aggregate data on IQ in sexual offenders. Psychological Bulletin, 131 (4), 555-568.
CANTOR, J.M., KABANI, N., CHRISTENSEN, B.K., ZIPURSKY, R.B., BARBAREE, H.E., DICKEY, R., KLASSEN, P.E., MIKULIS, D.J., KUBAN, M.E., BLAK,T., RICHARDS, B.A., ANRATTY, M.K. & BLANCHARD, R. (2008). Cerebral white matter deficiencies in pedophilic men. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42 (3), 167-183.
CANTOR, J.M. (2012). Is homosexuality a paraphilia ? The evidence for and against. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41 (1), 237-247.
Cantril Hadley (Utah 1906-1969) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'opinion publique. Il a fondé l'Office of Public Opinion Research. Collaborateur de Allport, Katz et Sherif.
CANTRIL, H. & ALLPORT, G.W. (1935). The psychology of radio. New York : Harper and Brothers.
CANTRIL, H. & SHERIF, M. (1938). The kingdom of father divine. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 33, 147-167.
CANTRIL, H. (1940). Invasion from Mars : A study in the psychology of panic. Princeton University Press. [PDF]
CANTRIL, H. (1941). The psychology of social movements. New York : John Wiley & Sons.
CANTRIL, H. & MENEFFE, S.C. (1944). Gauging public opinion. Science & Society, 8 (4), 375-377.
POOLEY, J.D. & SOCOLOW, M.J. (2013). Checking Up on The Invasion from Mars : Hadley Cantril, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, and the making of a misremembered classic. International Journal of Communication 7, 1920–1948. [PDF]
Canular scientifique : Voir Fraude scientifique. Fraud, hoax, scientific misconduct.
 
CAC - CAPITAL - CAPLAN - CAPUCIN - CARACTÈRE - CARIBOU - CARNAP - CARNINE - CARNIVORE - CARR - CARTE COGNITIVE - CARVER - CAS
Capacité : État d'un organisme en mesure d'agir, de faire quelque chose. En psychologie, ce concept a un rôle plus descriptif qu'explicatif. EX: capable de penser, d'apprendre, d'agir, etc. Cet état peut être inné ou acquis, de nature aussi bien mentale que biologique. Ce concept est descriptif et ne peut en aucun cas se substituer à une explication des phénomènes psychologiques (Comment sait-il lire ou compter ? Réponse : parce qu'il en a la capacité...). Bref, en psychologie, ce terme semble davantage constituer un aveu d'ignorance qu'une explication au sens strict du terme. Certains auteurs considèrent qu'il s'agit de concept poubelle, c-à-d une famille de concept tellement vide de sens que l'on peut leur accorder n'importe quelle signification. En revanche, d'autres auteurs l'utilisent pour décrire une aptitude innée, quasi immuable dans sa forme, par opposition à une habileté acquise et perfectible. = capacité mentale. Ability.
 
Types de capacité
Capacité d'apprendre Capacité d'une mémoire Capacité de rappel
 
   
GELMAN, R. (1972). Logical capacity of very young children : Number invariance rules. Child Development, 43, 75-90. [PDF]
NICHOLLS, J.G. (1975). The differentiation of the concept of difficulty and ability. Child Development, 54, 951-959.
NICHOLLS, J.G. (1984). Achievement motivation : conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 9 (3), 328-346. [PDF]
NICHOLLS, J.G. (1980). The development of the concept of difficulty. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 26, 271-281.
NICHOLLS, J.G., PATASHNIK, M. & METTETSAL, G. (1986). Conceptions of ability and intelligence. Child Development, 57, 636-645.
NICHOLLS, J.G. & MILLER, A.T. (1984). Development and its discontents : The differentiation of the concept of ability. In J.G. Nicholls (Ed.), The development of achievement motivation (pp. 185-218). Greenwich, CT : JAI Press.
MILLER, A.T. & HOM, H.L. (1997). Conceptions of ability and the interpretation of praise, blame, and material rewards. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65 (2), 163-177.
 
Voir aussi Aptitude
Capacité d'apprentissage : Voir aussi Apprentissage. Learning.
Capacité d'une mémoire : Voir Mémoire (Empan). Memory span, capacity, storage space, mental storage capacity.
Capacité de rappel : Voir Rappel. Recall, immediate recall.
Capaldi Egidio John (Philadelphie 1928-2020 West Lafayette) : Psychologue béhavioriste-cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude du renforcement partiel, notamment chez les animaux. Étudiant de Blodgett.
CAPALDI, E.J. (1957). The effect of different amounts of alternating partial reinforcement on resistance to extinction. American Journal of Psychology, 70, 451-452.
CAPALDI, E.J. (1958). The effect of different amounts of training on the resistance to extinction of different patterns of partially reinforced responses. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 51, 367-371.
CAPALDI, E.J. (1966). Partial reinforcement : A hypothesis of sequential effects. Psychological Review, 73 (5), 459-477.
CAPALDI, E.J. & LYNCH, A.D. (1968). Magnitude of partial reward and resistance to extinction : Effect of N-R transitions. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 65 (1), 179-181.
CAPALDI, E.J. & BIRMINGHAM, K.M. (1998). Reward-produced memories regulate memory-discrimination learning, extinction, and other forms of discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 24, 254-264.
Capital : Ensemble de ressources que possède un individu pour assurer son développement, jouer son rôle dans la société. Capital.
 
Types de capital
Capital culturel Capital humain Capital social
Capital économique Capital organisationnel Capital symbolique
 


  HAYEK, F.V. (1936). The mythology of capital. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 50 (2), 199-228.
COMBS, J.G. & KETCHEN, D.J. (1999). Can capital scarcity help agency theory explain franchising ? Revisiting the capital scarcity hypothesis. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 196-207.
PIKETTY, T. (2013). Le capital au xxie siècle. Paris : Le Seuil.
VEENSTRA, G. & PATTERSON, A.C. (2012). Capital relations and health : Mediating and moderating effects of cultural, economic, and social capitals on mortality in Alameda County, California. International Journal of Health Services 42 (2), 277-291.

Voir aussi CapitalismeRessources
Capital culturel : Selon Bourdieu, ressources culturelles que possède un individu pour assurer son développement, jouer son rôle dans la société. EX: diplômes. Cultural capital.
   
BOURDIEU, P. (1979). Les trois états du capital culturel. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 30, 3-6. [PDF]
LAREAU, A. (1987). Social class differences in family-school relationships : The importance of cultural capital. Sociology of Education, 60, 73-85.
BOURDIEU, P. (1987). Choses dites. Paris : Minuit.
FERNANDEZ-KELLY, P. (1995). Social and cultural capital in the urban ghetto. In A. Portes (Ed.), The economisociology of immigration : Essays on networks, ethnicity, and entrepreneurship (pp. 213-247). New York : Russell Sage Foundation.
KHODADADY, E. & ZABIHI, R. (2011). Social and cultural capital : Underlying factors and their relationship with the school achievement of Iranian university students. International Education Studies, 4 (2), 63-71. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Capital
Capital économique : Selon Bourdieu, ressources économiques que possède un individu pour assurer son développement, jouer son rôle dans la société. EX: Héritage, salaire, placements boursiers, rente. Economic capital.
   
 TOBIN, J. (1961). Capital, and others stores of value. The American Economic Review, 51, (2), 26-37. [PDF]
BOURDIEU, P. (1987). Choses dites. Paris : Minuit.
PIKETTY, T. (2013). Le capital au xxie siècle. Paris : Le Seuil.

Voir aussi Capital
Capital humain : Human capital.
 
MINCER, J. (1958). Investment in human capital and personal income distribution. The Journal of Political Economy, 281-302.
BECKER, G.S. (1962). Investment in human capital : A theoretical analysis. Journal of Political Economics, 70 (2), 9-49.
BECKER, G.S. (1964/1993). Human capital : A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press.
BEN-PORATH, Y. (1967). The production of human capital and the life cycle of earnings. Journal of Political Economy, 75 (4), 352-365.
O'NEILL, J. (1990). The role of human capital in earnings differences between Black and White men. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 4, 25-45.

Voir aussi Capital
Capital organisationnel : Ensemble des ressources dont dispose l'organisation d'une entreprise afin de remplir sa mission. Organizational capital.
 
LOPEZ, J.E.N., SALAZAR, E.A., MARTIN DE CASTRO, G. & SAÈZ, P.L. (2006). Organizational capital as competitive advantage of the firm. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 7 (3), 324-337. [PDF]
CARLIN, B.I., CHOWDHRY, B. & GARMAISE, M.J. (2012). Investment in organization capital. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 21 (2), 268-286. [PDF]

Voir aussi Organisation et Capital
Capital social : Selon Bourdieu, ressources sociales que possède un individu pour assurer son développement, jouer son rôle dans la société. EX: nos parents, nos amis, nos connaissances, nos relations. Capital social, réseau social et réseau social virtuel. Social capital.
   
BOURDIEU, P. (1987). Choses dites. Paris : Minuit. SMITH, A. (2000). Mobilizing social resources : race, ethnic, and gender differences in social capital and persisting wage inequalities. The Sociological Quarterly, 41(4), 509-537.
COLEMAN, J.S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94, 95-121. WOOLCOCK, M. & NARAYAN, D. (2000). Social capital : implications for development theory, research, and policy. World Bank Research Observer, 15 (2), 225-249. [PDF]
ELLAWAY, A. & MACINTYRE, S. (2000). Social capital and self-rated health : Support for a contextual mechanism. Social Science & Medicine, 90, 988. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Capital
Capital symbolique : Selon Bourdieu, connaissance et reconnaissance que les individus ont de la distribution inégale du capital cuturel, social et économique au sein de la société. = conscience de classe.
   
BOURDIEU, P. (1987). Choses dites. Paris : Minuit.
BOURDIEU, P. (1994). Raisons pratiques. Paris : Seuil.
GUILBERT, S. (2010). Violence et capital symbolique : L’exemple du sport. French Cultural Studies, 21 (1), 19-30.

Voir aussi Capital
Capitalisme : Système économique fondé sur la quête du profit et l'accumulation des biens et services. Capitalism.
   
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GALBRAITH, J.K. (1952). American capitalism : The concept of countervailing power. Boston : Houghton Mifflin. GERLACH, M. (1992). Alliance capitalism : The social organization of Japanese business. Berkeley : University of California Press.
FRIEDMAN, M. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
RAND, A. (1967). Capitalism : The unknown ideal. New York : Signet. REDDING, S.G. (1993). The spirit of Chinese capitalism. New York : Walter de Gruyter.
EDWARDS, R.C., REICH, M. & WEISSKOPF, T.E. (Eds.) (1972). The capitalism system . Englewood Cliffs : Prentice-Hall.
AGLIETTA, M. (1974), Accumulation et régulation du capitalisme en longue période. L’exemple des Etats Unis (1870-1970). Paris : INSEE. BONEFELD, W. (1999). Notes on competition, capitalist crises and class. Historical Materialism, 5 (1), 5-28.
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FINE, B., KINSEY, R., LEA, J., PICCIOTTO, S. & YOUNG, J. (Eds.) (1979). Capitalism and the rule of law : from deviancy to marxism, London : Hutchinson. DOSTALER, G. et MARIS, B. (2009). Capitalisme et pulsion de mort. Paris : Albin Michel.

THOMPSON, P. (2010). The capitalist labour process : Concepts and connections. Capital & Class, 34 (1), 7-14. [PDF]
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LEPAGE, H. (1978). Demain le capitalisme. Paris : Édition Hachette.
Caplan
Jeremy B. Caplan Paula J. Caplan Robert D. Caplan
 
Caplan Jeremy B. ( ) : Psychologue américain. Collaborateur de Caplan.
CAPLAN, P.J. & CAPLAN, J.B. (1997). Do sex-related differences exist, and why do people seek them out ? In P.J. Caplan, M. Crawford, J.S. Hyde & J.T.E. Richardson (Eds.), Gender differences in human cognition (pp. 52-80). New York : Oxford University Press.
CAPLAN, P.J. & CAPLAN, J.B. (1999). Thinking critically about research on sex and gender. New York : Longman.

Caplan Paula J. (Springfield 1947-2021 Rockville) : Psychologue féministe et clinicienne américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de la sexualité des femmes, des critères de santé mentale et des genres. Collaboratrice de Caplan et Hyde.
CAPLAN, P.J. (1984). The myth of women’s masochism. American Psychologist, 39, 130-139.
CAPLAN, P.J. (1991). How do they decide who is normal ? The bizarre, but true, tale of the DSM process. Canadian Psychology, 32 (2), 162-170.
CAPLAN, P.J. (1992). What should we ask about women and therapy ? Canada's Mental Health, 40, 25-26.
CAPLAN, P.J. & CAPLAN, J.B. (1999). Thinking critically about research on sex and gender. New York : Longman.
CAPLAN, P.J. (2001). Chronic fatigue syndrome : A first-person story. Women & Therapy special issue on Minding the Body, 23 (1), 23-43.
DAGENAIS, H. (1994). Paula J. Caplan : Lifting a ton of feathers. A woman’s guide to surviving in the academic world. Recherches Féministes, 7 (1), 155-158. [PDF]
Caplan Robert D. ( ) : Psychologue organisationel américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du travail, du stress et de la perte d'emploi. Collaborateur de French et Vinokur.
CAPLAN, R.D. (1972). Organizational stress and individual strain : a social psychological study of risk factors in coronary heart disease among administrators, engineers and scientists. Dissertation Abstract International, 32.
FRENCH, J.R.P., CAPLAN, R.D. & HARRISON, R.V. (1982). The mechanisms of job stress and strain. New York : John Wiley.
CAPLAN, R.D., VINOKUR, A.D., PRICE, R.H. & VAN RYN, M. (1989). Job seeking, reemployment, and mental health : A randomized field experiment in coping with job loss. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74 (5), 759-769. [PDF]
CAPLAN, R.D. & HARRISON, R.V. (1993). Person-environment fit theory : Some history, recent developments, and future directions. Journal of Social Issues, 49, 253-276.
CAPLAN, R.D., VINOKUR, A.D. & PRICE, R.H. (1997). From job loss to reemployment : field experiments in prevention-focused coping. In G.W. Albee & T.P. Gullotta (Eds.), Primary prevention works (Vol. 16, pp. 341-379). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
Capps Donald Eric (1939-2015) : Psychologue humaniste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la religion.
CAPPS, D. (2009). (1978). Pastoral care and psychology of religion : Toward a new alliance. Pastoral Psychology, 26 (3), 187-200.
CAPPS, D. (2009). Relaxed bodies, emancipated minds, and dominant calm. Journal of Religion & Health, 48 (3), 36-380.
CAPPS, D. (2011). John Nash, game theory, and the schizophrenic brain. Journal of Religion & Health, 50 (1), 145-162.
CAPPS, D. (2003). James E. Dittes : A professional portrait Donald Capps. Pastoral Psychology, 52, 17-49.
Caprice alimentaire : Trouble alimentaire mineur qui consiste à manger une gamme restreinte d'aliments ou à lever le nez sur certaines catégories d'aliments (les légumes, le poisson, etc.), qui ne sont pourtant associées à aucune aversion alimentaire ou proscrit par aucune diète (diabète, végéatrisme, etc.). Food selectivity.
   
 SHORE, B.A., BABBITT, R L., WILLIAMS, K.E., COE, D.A. & SNYDER, A. (1998). Use of texture fading in the treatment of food selectivity. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 621-633. [PDF]
 PIAZZA, C.C., PATEL, M.R., SANTANA, C.M., GOH, H., DELIA, M.D. & LANCASTER, B.M. (2002). An evaluation of simultaneous and sequential presentation of preferred and nonpreferred food to treat food selectivity. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35 (3), 259-270. [PDF]

Voir aussi Trouble alimentaire
Captivité : Voir Animal en captivité. Condition of captivity, captivity, confinement.
Capture : Recapture : Mécanisme chimique qui agit dans la fente synaptique, à la jonction de deux neurones, afin d'augmenter ou de diminuer la quantité de neuro-transmetteur, par exemple la sérotonine, et ainsi permettre (excitation) ou non (inhibition) le passage de l'influx nerveux. Reuptake.
 
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Capucin : Petit singe. =(Cebus capucinus/Cebus apella/Cebus olivaceus). Capuchin monkey.
   
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DAWKINS, R. (2004/07). The ancestor's tale : A pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution. New York : Houghton Mifflin./ Il était une fois l'évolution. Paris : Hachette. Voir aussi Animal et Singe
Caraco Thomas ( ) : Biologiste et écologiste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des groupes. Collaborateur de Giraldeau et Kacelnik.
CARACO, T. & WOLF, L.L. (1975). Ecological determinants of group sizes of foraging lion. The American Naturalist, 109 (967), 343-352.
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CARACO, T. & GIRALDEAU, L.-A. (1991). Social foraging : producing and scrounging in a stochastic environment. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 153, 559-583.
CARACO, T., KACELNIK, A., MESNICK, N. & SMULEWITZ, M. (1992). Short- term rate maximization when rewards and delays covary. Animal Behaviour, 44, 441-448.
Caractère : Le mot a un sens psychologique et biologique : a) En psychologie, il désigne les variations ou les traits distinctifs de la personnalité d'un individu (parfois appliqué aux animaux); b) En biologie, il renvoie à l'expression particulière d'un gène ou d'un groupe de gènes aux différents niveaux d'organisation biologique d'un organisme (comportemental, physiologique, neuronal, biochimique) sous l'influence (caractère acquis) ou non (caractère inné) de l'environnement. = caractère phénotypé. Character.
   
a
SHAND, A.F. (1914). The foundations of character. London : Macmillan.

HOLLINGWORTH, H.L. (1922). Judging human character. New York : Appleton.  BERGER, G. (1952). Traité pratique d'analyse du caractère. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
KRETSCHMER, E.K. (1925). Physique and character. London : Kegan Paul. LE GALL, A. (1973). Caractérologie des enfants et des adolescents. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
KANTOR, J.R. (1937-1938). Character and personality : their nature and interrelations. Character & Personality, 2, 3-32. REICH, W. (1984/96). Character analysis. FSG Adult / L'analyse caractérielle. Paris : Payot.
WALLON, H. (1934/49/70). Les origines du caractère chez l'enfant. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. SAUCIER, G. & GOLDBERG, L.R. (2006). Personnalité, caractère et tempérament : La structure translinguistique des traits. Psychologie Française, 51, 265-284. [PDF]

Voir aussi Traits et Personnalité
b
Voir aussi Gène
Caractère sexuel primaire : Organes qui distinguent les deux sexes d'une espèce et qui sont essentiels à leur reproduction. = organes sexuelles, organes génitaux.
 
Caractère sexuel secondaire : Traits ou variations anatomiques qui distinguent les deux sexes d'une espèce, mais qui ne participent pas directement à la reproduction. Ces caractères se développent à la puberté chez l'humain (mue de la voix, élargissement du bassin et des épaules, augmentation de la musculature, des seins et de la pilosité, etc.). Secondary sexual characteristics.
 
BROOKS-GUNN, J. & WARREN, M.P. (1988). The psychological significance of secondary sexual characteristics in 9- to 11-year-old girls. Child Development, 59, 1061-1069.
HERMAN-GIDDENS, M.E., SLORA, E., WASSERMAN, R., BOURDONY, C.J., BHAPAR, M.M., KOCH, G.G. & HASEMEIER, C.M. (1997). Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice : a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics, 99 (4), 505–512.
HERMAN-GIDDENS, M.E., WANG, L. & KOCH, G. (2001). Secondary sexual characteristics in boys : estimates from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1994. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 155 (9),1022-1028.
HERMAN-GIDDENS, M.E., STEFFES, J., HARRIS, D., SLORA, E., HUSSEY, M., DOWSHEN, S.A., WASSERMAN, R., SERWINT, J.R., SMITHERMAN, L. & REITER, E.O. (2012). Secondary sexual characteristics in boys : Data from the pediatric research in office settings network. Pediatrics, 130 (5), 1058-1068. [PDF]

Caractériser : En biologie et en écologie, consiste à décrire un phénomène en insistant sur ses caractéristiques distintives, qui permettent de le distinguer d'autres phénomènes semblabes ou quasi-identiques. Par analogie, on utilise le terme pour décrire certains phénomènes psychologiques. = démarquer. Characterization.
 
DEB-RINKER, P., KLEMPAN, T.A., O'REILLY, R.L., TORREY, E.F. & SINGH, S.M. (1999). Molecular characterization of a MSRV-like sequence identified by RDA from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Genomics, 61,133-144.
WOLF, K., MASS, R., KIEFER, F., WIEDEMANN, K. & NABER, D. (2006). Characterization of the facial expression of emotions in schizophrenia patients : Preliminary findings with a new electromyography method. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51 (6), 335-341. [PDF]
Caractéristique : Élément d'un objet qui permet de le reconnaître (ceci est un Y) et de le distinguer des autre objets de sa classe (ce Y est différent des autres Y). EX: Ce mur est bleu, cette femme est grande, ce chien est noir. En effet, contrairement à une propriété, une caractéristique n'est pas commune à tous les éléments de la classe. EX: Tous les chiens ne sont pas noirs. Dans le langage courant, une propriété est un élément commun à plusieurs objets (avoir quatre pattes), alors qu'une caractéristique est un élément propre à certains de ces objets (être noir); la propriété est essentiel à la catégorisation d'un objet, alors que la caractéristique est un simple détail qui permet de le reconnaître, de le discriminer. Bref, une caractéristique devient une propriété lorsqu'elle permet de définir un concept. EX : Si tous les chiens étaient noirs, ce qualificatif pourrait servir à définir ce que sont les chiens. *propriété.
   
Voir aussi Observer, Reconnaître et Propriété
Caractéristique physique : Partie du corps que l'on remarque (= apparence) ou que l'on peut observer/mesurer.
Caractéristiques physiques
Cheveux Poids Taille
Couleur de la peau
Sourire Tête (circonférence)
Lèvre Sein Yeux
Nez

 
   
Voir aussi Beauté, Attirance physique et Apparence physique
Caramazza Alfonso (1946-) : Neurocognitiviste américain et spécialiste du langage et des troubles du langage. Il s'intéresse notamment au bilinguisme.Collaborateur de Santos et Zurif.
CARAMAZZA, A., YENI-KOMSHIAN, G., ZURIF, E.B. & CARBONE, E. (1973). The acquisition of a new phonological contrast : The case of stop consonants in French-English Bilinguals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 54, 421-428.
CARAMAZZA, A. & YENI-KOMSHIAN, G. (1974). Voice onset time in two French dialects. Journal of Phonetics, 2, 239-245.
CARAMAZZA, A., BASILIA, G., KOLLER, J.J. & BERNDT, R.S. (1981). An investigation of repetition and language processing in a case of conduction aphasia. Brain & Language, 14, 235-271. [PDF] + [PDF]
CARAMAZZA, A. (1998). Domain-specic knowledge systems in the brain : The animate-inanimate distinction. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10 (1) 1-34.
CARAMAZZA, A. & MAHOM, B.Z. (2006). The organisation of conceptual knowledge in the brain : the future's past and some future directions. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 23, 13-38. [PDF]
Card David (1956-) : Économiste américain d'origine canadienne et spécialiste de l'étude du travail et de l'immigration. Il est le récipiendaire du prix nobel d'économie 2021. Collaborateur de Krueger et Lemieux.
CARD, D. (1986). An empirical model of wage indexation provisions in union contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 94 (3), 144-175. [PDF]
CARD, D. (1990). The impact of the Mariel Boatlift on the Miami Labor Market. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 43, 245-257. [PDF] + [PDF]
CARD, D. KRAMARZ, F. & LEMIEUX, T. (1999). Changes in the relative structure of wages and employment : A comparison of the United States, Canada, and France. Canadian Journal of Economics, 32, 843-877.
CARD, D. & KRUEGER, A.B. (1995). Time-series minimum wage studies : A meta-analysis. American Economic Review, 85 (2), 238-243. [PDF]
CARD, D. (2001). Immigrant inflows, native outflows and the local labor market impacts of higher immigration. Journal of Labor Economics, 19 (1), 22-64.
Cardiaque : Voir Maladie cardiaque.
Cardinal (Richmondena cardinali) : Animal de la classe des oiseaux. Cardinal.
 
LASKEY, A. (1944). A study of the cardinal in Tennessee. Wilson Bulletin, 56, 27-44.
LEMON, R.E. (1965). Geographic variation in the song of cardinals. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 413-428. [PDF]
LEMON, R.E. & SCOTT, D.M. (1966). On the development of song in young cardinals. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 191-197.

Cardinalité : Propriété des nombres qui désigne la quantité. Cardinalité, nombre et ordinalité. = taille, quantité. Cardination, cardinal number judgment.
   
BRAINERD, C.J. (1976). Measuring the ordination ordination --» cardination sequence. Psychological Reports, 88, 1266. FREEMAN, N.H., ANTONUCCIA, C. & LEWIS, C. (2000). Representation of the cardinality principle : early conception of error in a counterfactual test. Cognition, 74, 71-89.
BRAINERD, C.J. (1977). Effects of spatial cues on children's cardinal number judgments. Developmental Psychology, 13, 425-430. BERMEJO, V., MORALES, S. & GARCIA de OSUNA, J. (2004). Supporting children's development of cardinality understanding. Learning & Instruction, 14, 381-398.
KINGMA, J. & KOOPS, W. (1981). On the sequentiality of ordinality and cardinality. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 4, 391-402. IONIN, T. & MATUSHANSKY, O. (2006). The composition of complex cardinal. Journal of Semantics, 2 (3), 315-360.
KINGMA, J. & ROELINGA, U. (1983). Task sensitivity and the sequence of development in seriation, ordinal correspondence, and cardination. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 110, 181-205. COLOMÉ, A. & NOEL, M.-P. (2012). One first ? Acquisition of the cardinal and ordinal uses of numbers in preschoolers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 113 (2), 233-247.

Voir aussi Nombre et Ordinalité
Carelli Regina M. ( ) : Neuropsychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude du noyau accumbens et de son rôle dans le conditionnement et la dépendance aux drogues, notamment la cocaïne.
CARELLI, R.M. & DEADWYLE, S.A. (1994). A comparison of nucleus accumbens neuronal firing patterns during cocaine self-administration and water reinforcement in rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 14 (12), 7735-7746. [PDF]
CARELLI, R.M. & DEADWYLER, S.A. (1997). Cellular mechanisms underlying reinforcement-related processing in the nucleus accumbens : electrophysiological studies in behaving animals. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 57, 495–504.
CARELLI, R.M., IJAMES, S.G. & CRUMLING, A.J. (2000). Evidence that separate neural circuits in the nucleus accumbens encode cocaine versus "natural" (water and food) reward. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, (11), 4255-4266. [PDF]
CARELLI, R.M. (2002). Nucleus accumbens cell firing during goal-directed behaviors for cocaine vs. "natural" reinforcement. Physiology & Behavior, 76, 379-387.
CARELLI, R.M. & WIGHTMAN, R.M. (2004). Functional microcircuitry in the accumbens underlying drug addiction : insights from real-time signaling during behavior. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 14, 763–768. [PDF]
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) : Animal de la classe des mammifères. Boreal caribou, northern mountain caribou.
   
 DE VOS, A. & PETERSON, R.L. (1951). A review of the status of woodland caribou in Ontario. Journal of Mammalogy, 32, 329-337. DUCHESNE, M., CÔTÉ, S.D. & BARRETTE, C. (2000). Responses of woodland caribou to winter ecotourism in the Charlevoix Biosphere Reserve, Canada. Biological Conservation, 96, 311-317.
 BANFIELD, A.W.F. & TENER, J.S. (1958). A preliminary study of the Ungava caribou. Journal of Mammalogy, 39, 560-573.  RACEY, G.D. & ARMSTRONG, A. (2000). Woodland caribou range occupancy in northwestern Ontario : past and present. Rangifer, Special Issue, 12, 173-184.
 BERGERUD, A.T. (1978). Caribou. In J.L. Schmidt and D.L. Gilbert (Eds.), Big game of North America : ecology and management. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania : Stackpole Books  RUSSELL, D.E. & WHITE, G. (2000). Surviving in the north- a conceptual model of reproductive strategies in arctic caribou. Rangifer Special Issue, 12, 67.
 BOUDREAU, S., PAYETTE, S., MORNEAU, C. et LAMOTHE, P. (2002). Le caribou migrateur (Rangifer tarandus L.) du Nord québécois dans l’espace et le temps. La Société d'Histoire Naturelle du Canada, 24-35. [PDF]
 CALEF, G. (1981). Caribou and the barren-lands. Toronto Firefly Books Ltd.  COURTOIS, R.L., BERNATCHEZ, J.P., OULLET, J.P. & BRETON, L. (2003). Significance of caribou (Rangifer tarandus) ecotypes from a molecular genetics viewpoint. Conservation Genetics, 4, 393-404.
 RUSSELL, D.E & MARTELL, A.M. (1984). The winter ecology of caribou (Rangifer tarandus). In R. Olson, F. Geddes & R. Hastings (Eds.), Northern ecology and resource management. Edmonton : University of Alberta Press.  BROWN, G.S., MALLORY, F.F. & RETTIE, W.J. (2003). Range size and seasonal movement for female woodland caribou in the boreal forest of northeastern Ontario. Rangifer Special Issue, 14, 227-233.
 SCHMELZER, I. & OTTO, R. (2003). Winter range drift in the George River caribou herd : a response to summer forage limitation ? Rangifer Special Issue, 14, 113-122.
 FANCY, S.G. & WHITE, R.G. (1985). Energy expenditure by caribou while cratering in snow. Journal of Wildlife Management, 49, 987-993.  CRONIN, M.A., McNEIL, M.C. & PATTON, J.C. (2005). Variation in mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA in caribou (Rangifer tarandus) in North America. Journal of Mammalogy, 86 (3), 495-505.
 BERGERUD, A.T. & ELLIOT, J.P. (1986). Dynamics of caribou and wolves in northern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 1515-1529.  BOUDREAU, S., PAYETTE, S., MORNEAU, C. & COUTURIER, S. (2003). Recent decline of the George River caribou herd as revealed by tree-ring analysis. Arctic, Antarctic, & Alpine Research, 35, 187-195.
 BARRETTE, C. & VANDAL, D. (1986). Social rank, dominance, antler size, and access to food in snow-bound woodland caribou. Behaviour, 97, 118-146.  BOUDREAU, S. & PAYETTE, S. (2004). Growth performance of Cladina stellaris following caribou disturbance in subarctic Québec. Écoscience, 11, 347-355.
 BERGERUD, A.T. (1988). Caribou, wolves and man. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 3, 68-72.  PAYETTE, S., BOUDREAU, S., MORNEAU, C. & PITRE, N. (2004). Long- term interactions between migratory caribou, wildfires and Nunavik hunters inferred from tree-rings. Ambio, 33, 482-486.
 COUTURIER, S., BRUNELLE, J., VANDAL, D. & ST-MARTIN, G. (1990). Changes in the population dynamics of the George River caribou herd, 1976-87. Arctic, 43, 9-20.  BOUDREAU, S. & PAYETTE, S. (2004). Caribou-induced changes in species dominance of lichen woodlands : an application of plant remains. American Journal of Botany, 91, 422-429.
 CRÊTE, M., RIVEST, L.P., LE HÉNAFF, D. & LUTTICH, S.N. (1991). Adapting sampling plans to caribou distribution on calving grounds. Rangifer Special Issue, 7,137-150.  PARKER, K.L., BARBOZA, P.S. & STEPHENSON, T.R. (2005). Protein conservation in female caribou (Rangifer tarandus): effects of decreasing diet quality during winter. Journal of Mammalogy, 86, 610-622.
 CRÊTE, M. & HUOT, J. (1993). Regulation of a large herd of migratory caribou : summer nutrition affects calf growth and body reserves of dams. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 71,2291-2296.  ADAMS, L.G. (2005). Effects of maternal characteristics and climatic variation on birth masses of Alaskan caribou. Journal of Mammalogy, 86, 506-513.
GAGNON, L. et C. BARRETTE, C. (1995). Caribous du Nouveau-Québec : inventaire terrestre à la saison des mises bas. Cahiers d’Éthologie, 14, 313-318.  BOULET, M.S., COUTURIER, S. CÔTÉ, S.D., OTTO, R. & BERNATCHEZ, L. (2007). Integrative use of spatial, genetic, and demographic analyses for investigating genetic connectivity between migratory, montane, and sedentary caribou herds. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4223-4240.
 COUTURIER, S., COURTOIS, R., CRÉPEAU, H., RIVEST, L.P. & LUTTICH, S. (1996). Calving photocensus of the Rivière George caribou herd and comparison with an independent census. Rangifer Special Issue, 9, 283-296.  GEIST, V. (2007). Defining subspecies, invalid taxonomic tools, and the fate of the woodland caribou. Rangifer, Special Issue, 17, 25-28. [PDF]
 BERGERUD, A.T. (1996). Evolving perspectives on caribou population dynamics, have we got it right yet ? Rangifer Special Issue, 9, 95-115.  VORS, L.S., SCHAEFER, J.A., POND, P.A., RODGERS, A.R. & PATTERSON, B.R. (2007). Woodland caribou extirpation and anthropogenic landscape disturbance in Ontario. Journal of Wildlife Management, 71 (4), 1249-1256. [PDF]
 CRÊTE, M., COUTURIER, S., HEARN, B.J. & CHUBB, T.E. (1996). Relative contribution of decreased productivity and survival to recent changes in the demographic trend of the Rivière George caribou herd. Rangifer 9, 27-36.  BOULET, M.S., COUTURIER, S.D., CÔTÉ, R.D., OTTO, R.D. & BERNATCHEZ, L. (2007). Integrative use of spatial, genetic and demographic analyses for investigating genetic connectivity between migratory, montane, and sedentary caribou herds. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4223-4240. [PDF]
 ADAMS, L.G. & DALE, B.W. (1998). Reproductive performance of female Alaskan caribou. Journal of Wildlife Management, 62, 1184-1195.  BERGERUD, A.T., LUTTICH, S.N. & CAMPS, L. (2008). The return of caribou to Ungava. McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, Qc.
MORNEAU, C. & PAYETTE, S. (1998). A dendroecological method to evaluate past caribou (Rangifer tarandus L.) activity. Écoscience, 5, 64-76. [PDF]
 ABRAHAM, K.F. & THOMPSON, J E. (1998). Defining the Pen Islands caribou herd of southern Hudson Bay. Rangifer Special Issue, 10, 33-40.  SHARMA, S., COUTURIER, S. & CÔTÉ, S.D. (2009). Impacts of climate change on the seasonal distribution of migratory caribou. Global Change Biology, 15, 2549-2562.
 CUMMING, H.G. (1998). Status of woodland caribou in Ontario : 1996. Rangifer Special Issue, 10, 99-104.  COUTURIER, S., CÔTÉ, S.D., OTTO, R., WELADJI, B. & HUOT, J. (2009). Variations in calf body mass in migratory caribou : the role of habitat, climate, and movements. Journal of Mammalogy, 90, 442-452. [PDF]
 CHAN-MCLEOD, A.C.A., WHITE, R.G. & RUSSELL, D.E. (1999). Comparative body composition strategies of breeding and non- breeding female caribou. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 77, 1901-1907.  COUTURIER, S., OTTO, R.D., CÔTÉ, S.D., LUTHER, G. & MAHONEY, S.P. (2010). Body size variations in caribou ecotypes and relationships with demography. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74 (3), 395-404. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Animal
Carlbring Per ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste suédois et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement du perfectionnisme et de la procrastination. Collaborateur de Andersson, Castonguay, Dimidjian, Egan, Lambert, Martell, Rozental, Shafran, Shafran et Wade.
 CARLBRING, P. (2007). Internet vs. paper and pencil administration of questionnaires commonly used in panic/agoraphobia. Computers in Human Behavior, 23 (3), 1421-1434.
 CARLBRING, P. (2013). Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression : a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148 (2-3), 331-337.
 CARLBRING, P. (2014). PTSD and disasters. Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam, 2 (3), [PDF]
 CARLBRING, P., LINDNER, P., MARTELL, C., HASSMÉN, P., FORSBERG, C., STRÖM, L. & ANDERSSON, G. (2013). The effects on depression of Internet-administered behavioural activation and physical exercise with treatment rationale and relapse prevention : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 14 [35], 1-8. [PDF]
 CARLBRING, P., ANDERSSON, G., CUIJPERS, P., RIPER, H. & HEDMAN-LAGERLÖF, E. (2018). Internet-based vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for psychiatric and somatic disorders : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47 (1), 1-18.
Carlo Gustavo ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécilaliste de l'étude des comportements prosociaux. Collaborateur de Eisenberg et Fabes.
CARLO, G., EISENBERG, N., TROYER, D., SWITZER, G. & SPEER, A.L. (1991). The altruistic personality : In what contexts is it apparent ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 61, 450-458.
CARLO, G. & RANDALL, B.A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late adolescents. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 31, 31-44.
CARLO, G., CROCKETT, L.J., RANDALL, B.A. & ROESCH, S.C. (2007). Parent and peer correlates of prosocial development in rural adolescents : A longitudinal study. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 301-324.
CARLO, G., McGINLEY, M., ROESCH, S.C & KAMINSKI, J. (2008). Culture group, age, and gender measurement invariance in prosocial moral reasoning among adolescents from Brazil and the United States. Journal of Moral Education, 37, 485-502.
CARLO, G., KNIGHT, J.P., McGINLEY, M., ZAMBOAGA, B.L. & JARVIS, L. (2010). The multidimensionality of prosocial behaviors : Evidence of measurement invariance in early Mexican American and European American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20 (2), 334-358.
Carlson/Carlsson
Elizabeth A. Carlson Elof Axel Carlson Arvid Carlsson
 
Carlson Elizabeth A. ( ) : Psychologue américaine spécialisée dans l'étude du développement, et plus particulièrement de l'attachement. Collaboratrice de Egeland et Sroufe.
 CARLSON, E.A., JACOBVITZ, D. & SROUFE, L.A. (1995). A developmental investigation of inattentiveness and hyperactivity. Child Development, 66, 37-54.
 CARLSON, E.A., SAMPSON, M. & SROUFE, L.A. (2003). Attachment theory and pediatric practice. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 24 (5), 364-379.
 CARLSON, E.A., SROUFE, L.A. & EGELAND, B. (2004). The construction of experience : A longitudinal study of representation and behavior. Child Development, 75 (1), 66-83.
 CARLSON, E.A., EGELAND, B. & SROUFE, L.A. (2009). A prospective investigation of the development of borderline personality symptoms. Development & Psychopathology, 21, 1311-1334.
 CARLSON, E.A., HOSTINAR, C.E., MILNER, S.B. & GUNNAR, M.R. (2014). The emergence of attachment following early social deprivation. Development & Psychopathology, 26 (2), 479-489.
Carlson Elof Axel (1931-) : Biologiste, généticien et historien des sciences américain.
 CARLSON, E.A. (2001). The unfit : A history of a bad idea. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
 CARLSON, E.A. (2006). Times of triumph, times of dubt : Science and the battle for public trust. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
 CARLSON, E.A. (2006). Neither Gods nor beasts : How science is changing who we think we are. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
 CARLSON, E.A. (2008). Mutation : The history of an idea from Darwin to genomics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
 CARLSON, E.A. (2013). The 7 sexes : Biology of sex determination. Indiana University Press.
Carlsson Arvid (Uppsala 1923-2018 Göteborg) : Neurobiologiste suédois et lauréat du prix Nobel de physiologie et de médecine en 2000 pour ses travaux sur le rôle de la dopamine comme médiateur chimique du cerveau, notamment dans le contrôle de la motricité. Ces travaux ont également permis de mieux comprendre la maladie de Parkinson.
 CARLSSON, A. (1976). The contribution of drug research to investigating the nature of endogenous depression. Pharmakopsychiatry, 9, 2-10.
 CARLSSON, A. (1986). Current views on the mode of action of antidepressant drugs. Advances in Pharmacotherapy, 2, 167-174.
 CARLSSON, A. (1988). The current status of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology, 1, 179-186.
 CARLSSON, A. & WONG, D.T. (1997). A note on the discovery of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Life Science, 161, 1203-1203.
 CARLSSON, A. & LECRUBIER, Y. (2004). Progress in dopamine research schizophrenia : A guide for physicians. Taylor & Francis.
Carmichael Leonard (Philadelphie 1898-1973 Washington) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude du développement. Président de l'APA en 1940. Collaborateur de Schlosberg.
 CARMICHAEL, L. (1925). Heredity and environment : Are they antithetical ? Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 20, 245-260.
 CARMICHAEL, L. (1926). The development of behavior in vertebrates experimentally removed from the influence of external stimulation. Psychological Review, 33, 51-58.
 CARMICHAEL, L. (1926). What is empirical psychology ? American Journal of Psychology, 37, 521-527.
 CARMICHAEL, L. (1928). A further experimental study of the development of behavior. Psychological Review, 35, 253-269.
 CARMICHAEL, L. (1941). The experimental embryology of mind. Psychological Bulletin, 38, 1-28.
Carnagey Nicholas L. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la représentation de la violence dans les médias. Collaborateur de Andersonz, et Bushman.
CARNAGEY, N.L. & ANDERSON, C.A. (2003). Theory in the study of media violence : The general aggression model. In D.A. Gentile (Ed.), Media violence and children. Westport, CT : Praeger Publishing. [PDF]
CARNAGEY N. & ANDERSON, C.A. (2004). Violent video game exposure and aggression : A literature review. Minerva Psichiatrica, 45, 1-18. [PDF]
CARNAGEY, N.L. & ANDERSON, C.A. (2005). The effects of reward and punishment in violent video games on aggressive affect, cognition and behavior. Psychological Science, 16, 882-889. [PDF]
CARNAGEY, N.L., ANDERSON, C.A. & BUSHMAN, B.J. (2007). The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real life violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43 (3), 489-496. [PDF]
CARNAGEY, N.L., ANDERSON, C.A. & BARTOLOMEW, B.D. (2007). Media violence and social neuroscience new questions and new opportunities. Current Directions in Psychological Science 16 (4), 178-182.
Carnap Rudolf (Ronsdorf Allemagne 1891-1970 Santa Monica, États-Unis) : Philosophe et épistémologue allemand. Membre du Cercle de Vienne. Professeur d'Apostel. et de Goodman.
 CARNAP, R. (1935). Les concepts physiques et les concepts psychologiques sont-ils différents ? Revue de Synthese.
 CARNAP, R. (1943). Formalization of logic. Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press.
 CARNAP, R. (1947). Meaning and necessity : a study in semantics and modal logic. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
 CARNAP, R. (1950). Empiricism, semantics, and ontology. Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4, 20-40. / In R. Rorty (Ed.), The linguistic turn. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
 CARNAP, R. (1952). The continuum of inductive methods. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
ROZEBOOM, W.W. (1960). A note on Carnap's meaning criterion. Philosophical Studies, 11, 33-38. [PDF]
BATENS, D. (1968). Some proposals for the solution of the Carnap-Popper discussion on ‘inductive logic’. Studia Philosophica Gandensia, 6, 5-25.
RICKETTS, T. (1994). Carnap's principle of tolerance, empiricism, and conventionalism. In B. Hale & P. Clark (Eds.), Reading Putnam (pp. 176-200). Oxford : Blackwell.
FRIEDMAN, M. (2000). A parting of the ways : Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger. Open Court Publishing Company.
FRIEDMAN, M. (2002). Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger : The Davos disputation and twentieth century philosophy. European Journal of Philosophy, 3, 263-274.
 PSILLOS, S. (2008). Carnap and incommensurability. Philosophical Inquiry, 30 (1-2), 135-156.
 JUSTUS, J. (2014). Carnap's forgotten criterion of empirical significance. Mind, 123 (490), 415-436.
Carnet de thérapie : Technique thérapeutique comportementale et cognitive qui consiste à demander au patient/client de noter ses comportements et le contexte (Stimulus discriminatif et contingence) dans lequel ils sont émis.
 
KANFER, F.H. (1975). Self-management methods. In F.H. Kanfer & A.P. Goldstein AP (Eds.), Helping people change (pp 309-356). New York : Pergamon.
Carnine Douglas W. ( ) : Psychopédagogue behavioriste américain et chef de file de l'enseignement direct. Collaborateur de Baker, Becker, Biglan, Englemann, Gersten, Jitendra et Kame'enui.
CARNINE, D.W. (1976). Effects of two-teacher presentation rates on off-task behavior, answering correctly, and participation. Journal of Applied Behavioral Analysis, 9 (2), 199-206. [PDF]
CARNINE, D.W. (1979). Direct instruction : A successful system for educationally high risk children. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 11 (1), 29-45.
CARNINE, D.W. (1980). Three procedures for presenting minimally different positive and negative instances. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72 (4), 452-456.
CARNINE, D.W., KAMEENUI, E.J. & WOOLFSON, N. (1982). Training of textual dimensions related to text-based inferences. Journal of Literacy Research, 14, 335-340. [PDF]
CARNINE, D. (1992). Rational schools : The role of science in helping education become a profession. Behavior & Social Issues, 5 (2), 5-19.
Carnivore : Ordre animal qui se nourrit d'autres animaux. Carnivore et herbivore. Carnivore, carnivore behavior.
Carnivores
Chat Coyote Loup
Chacal   Lycaon
Chauve-souris Dauphin Ours
Chien Humain Rat
Chimpanzé Lion Renard
 
   
DART, R.A. (1963). The carnivorous propensity of baboons. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 10, 49-56. OGADA, M.O., WOODROFFE, R., OGUGE, N.O. & FRANK, L.G. (2003). Limiting depredation by African carnivores : the role of livestock husbandry. Conservation Biology, 17, 1-10.
SCHALLER, G.B. & LOWTHER, G.R. (1969). The relevance of carnivore behavior to the study of early hominids. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 25, 307-341. CUBB, R. & MASON, G. (2003). Animal welfare : Captive effects on wide ranging carnivores. Nature, 425, 473.
HAMILTON, W.J. & BUSSE, C.D. (1978). Primate camivority and its significance to human diets. BioScience, 28, 761-766. NAHALLAGE, C.A.D. & HUFFMAN, M.A. (2006). Observations of meat eating by captive juvenile macaques. Laboratory Primate Newsletter, 45 (1), 1-4.
PACKER, C. & PUSEY, A.E. (1984). Infanticide in carnivores. In G. Hausfater & S.B. Blaffer-Hrdy (Eds.), Infanticide in animals and man (pp. 31-42). New York : Aldine. WARD, C. & SMUTS, B.B. (2007). JDP Forum : Why does carnivore play matter ? Journal of Developmental Processes, 2 (2), 31-38. [PDF]
GITTLEMAN, J.L. (1986). Carnivore brain size, behavioral ecology, and phylogeny. Journal of Mammalogy, 67, 23-36. PERDUE, B.M., SYNDER, R.J. ZHIHE, Z., MARR, M.J. & MAPLE, T. (2011). Sex differences in spatial ability : A test of the range size hypothesis in the order carnivora. Biology Letters, 7, 380-383.

DURANT, S.M. et al. (2011). Long-term trends in carnivore abundance using distance sampling in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48 (6), 1490–1500
DUCROS, J. et DUCROS, A. (1992). Le singe carnivore : la chasse chez les primates non humains. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 4 (3-4), 243-264. [PDF] TARROUX, A., BÊTY, J., GAUTHIER, G. & BERTEAUX, D. (2012). The marine side of a terrestrial carnivore : intra-population variation in use of allochthonous resources by arctic foxes. PLoS one, 7 (8), 1-12. [PDF]
STERLING, D.M., McLELLAN, B.N. & DEROCHER, A.E. (2013). Conservation and management of large carnivores in North America. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 70 (3), 383-398.
 
Voir aussi Omnivore et Herbivore
Caron/Carron
Jean Caron Pier-Olivier Caron Albert V. Carron
     

Caron Jean ( ) : Psychologue écologiste québécois et spécialiste de l'épidémiologie sociale. Il enseigne à l'Université Mcgill. Étudiant de Beaugrand. Collaborateur de Perreault et Tousignant.
CARON, J. & BEAUGRAND, J.P. (1988). Social and spatial structure in brook chars (Salvelinus fontinalis) under competition for food and shelter/shade. Behavioural Processes, 16, 173-191.
CARON, J. (2002). Hypothèses macrosociales sur le suicide des hommes au Québec : l'éclairage de l'Abitibi. Santé Mentale au Québec, 27 (2), 281-301. [PDF]
CARON, J., TOUSIGNANT, M., PEDERSEN, D., FLEURY, M., CARGO, M., DANIEL, M., KESTIN, Y., CROCKER, A., PERREAULT, M., BRUNET, A., TREMBLAY, J., TURECKI, G. & BEAULIEU, S. (2007). La création d'une nouvelle génération d'études épidémiologiques en santé mentale. Santé Mentale au Québec, 32 (2), 27-36. [PDF]
CARON, J. & LIU, A. (2011). Factors associated with psychological distress in the Canadian population : a comparison of low-income and non low-income sub-groups. Community Mental Health Journal, 47 (3), 318-330.
CARON, J., FLEURY, M., PERREAULT, M., CROCKER, A., TREMBLAY, J., TOUSIGNANT, M., KESTINS, Y., CARGO, M. & DANIEL, M. (2012). Prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders, and use of mental health services in the epidemiological catchment area of Montreal South-West. BMC Psychiatry, 12 (1), 1-12. [PDF]
Caron Pier-Olivier ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste québécois et spécialiste de l'étude de la loi de l'appariement et de l'analyse quantitative du comportement. Il enseigne à l'université TÉLUQ. Étudiant de Forget. Collaborateur de Rivard.
CARON, P.-O. (2013). On applying the matching law to between-subject data. Animal Behaviour, 85, 857-860.
CARON, P.-O. (2014). La loi généralisée de l'appariement : une simulation de Monte-Carlo. Acta Comportamentalia, 22 (2),169-179. [PDF]
CARON, P.-O. (2017). Sur la loi de l'appariement Psychologie Française, 62 (1), 29-55.
CARON, P.-O. (2019). Multilevel analysis of matching behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 111 (2), 183-191. [PDF]
CARON, P.-O., VALOIS, P. & GELLEN-KAMEL, A. (2020). Some computational descriptions of moderation analysis. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 16 (1), 9-20.
Carpenter
Shana K. Carpenter William T. Carpenter
 
Carpenter Shana K. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de l'interférence et de l'oubli. Collaboratrice de Cepeda, Kornell, Pashler, Rohrer et Wixted.
 CARPENTER, S.K. & DELOSH, E.L. (2006). Impoverished cue support enhances subsequent retention : Support for the elaborative retrieval explanation of the testing effect. Memory & Cognition, 34, 268-276. [PDF]
 CARPENTER, S.K., PASHLER, H., WIXTED, J.T. & VUL, E. (2008). The effects of tests on learning and forgetting. Memory & Cognition, 36 (2), 438-448. [PDF]
 CARPENTER, S.K., WILFORD, M., KORNELL, N. & MULLANEY, K.M. (2013). Appearances can be deceiving : Instructor fluency increases perceptions of learning without increasing actual learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20, 1350-1356. [PDF]
 CARPENTER, S. K., HAYNES, C.L., CORRAL D. & YEUNG, K.L. (2018). Hypercorrection of high confidence errors in the classroom. Memory, 26, 1379-1384. [PDF]
 CARPENTER, S.K. & GELLER, J. (2020). Is a picture really worth a thousand words ? Evaluating contributions of fluency and analytic processing in metacognitive judgments for pictures in foreign language vocabulary learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73, 211-224. [PDF]
Carpenter William T. (Rutherfordton- ) : Psychiatre américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la schizophrénie. Collaborateur de Lidell.
CARPENTER, W.T., STRAUSS, J.S. & BARTKO, J.J. (1973). A flexible system for the identification of schizophrenia. A report from the international pilot study of schizophrenia. Science, 182, 1275-1278.
CARPENTER, W.T. (1977). The treatment of acute schizophrenia without drugs. American Journal of Psychiatry 134, 14-20.
CARPENTER, W.T. (1983). What is schizophrenia ? Schizophrenia Bulletin, 9 (1), 9-10.
CARPENTER, W.T. (1986). Early targeted psychotherapeutic intervention in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 23-29.
CARPENTER, W.T. & BUCHANAN, R.W. (1994). Schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 681-690.
Carr/Carré
Edward G. Carr James E. Carr Thomas H. Carr
Harvey A Carr   Justin M. Carré
 
Carr Edward G. (1947-2009) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de l'automutilation et de l'autisme. = Ted Carr. Collaborateur de Azrin, Dorsey, Durand, Favell, Foxx, Horner, Johnson, Koegel, Lovaas, Mcdowell, Rincover, Risley et Schreibman.
CARR, E.G. (1977). Social control of self-injurious behavior of organic etiology. Behavior Therapy, 11 (3), 402-409.
CARR, E.G. & McDOWELL, J.J. (1980). The motivation of self-injurious behavior : a review of some hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 84 (4), 800-816. [PDF]
CARR, E.G. & DURAND, V.M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111-126. [PDF]
CARR, E.G. (1993). Behavior analysis is not ultimately about behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 16 (1), 47-49. [PDF]
CARR, E.G. (1994). Emerging themes in the functional analysis of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27 (2), 393- 399. [PDF]
Carr Harvey A. (Indiana États-Unis 1873-1954) : Psychologue américain et chef de file du fonctionnalisme américain. Certains historiens des sciences le considèrent comme l'un des précurseurs du béhaviorisme. On lui doit l'invention de nombreux labyrinthes pour animaux. Président de l'APA en 1926. Étudiant d'Angell. Professeur de Thorndike et Woodworth. Collaborateur de Watson.
CARR, H. & WATSON, J.B. (1908). Orientation of the white rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology & Psychology, 18, 27-44.
CARR, H.A. (1917). The nature of mental process. Psychological Review, 24, 181-187.
CARR, H.A. (1925). Psychology : A study of mental activity. New York : longmans, Green.
CARR, H.A. (1930). Functionalism. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Psychologies of 1930 (pp. 59-78). Worcester, MA : Clark University Press.
CARR, H.A. (1961). Harvey A. Carr. In C. Murchison (Ed.), A history of psychology in autobiography (Vol. 6, pp. 69-82). Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
Carr James E. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de l'automutilation et de l'autisme. = Ted Carr. Étudiant de Bailey. Collaborateur de Fisher, Ghezzi, Kodak, Leblanc, Michael, Patel, Rapp et Roane.
CARR, J.E. (1996). On the use of the term "non-contingent reinforcement." Journal of Behavior Analysis & Therapy, 1, 33-37. [PDF]
CARR, J.E., BAILEY, J.S., ECOT, C.L., UCKER, K.D. & WEIL, T.M. (1998). On the effects of non-contingent delivery of differing magnitudes of reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31 (3), 313-321. [PDF]
CARR, J.E., NICOLSON, A.C. & HIGBEE, T.S. (2000). Evaluation of a brief multiple-stimulus assessment in a naturalistic context. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33 (3), 353-357. [PDF]
CARR, J.E., CORIATY, S., WILDER, D.A., GAUNT, B.T., DOZIER, C.L., BRITTON, L.N., AVINA, C. & REED, C.L. (2000). A review of "noncontingent" reinforcement as treatment for the aberrant behavior of individuals with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 21, 377-391
CARR, J.E., KELLUM, K.K. & CHONG, I.M. (2001). The reductive effects of noncontingent rein- forcement : Fixed-time versus variable-time schedules. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34, 505-509. [PDF]
Carr Thomas H. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de la lecture. Professeur de Beilock. Collaborateur de Posner.
CARR, T.H., COOKE, T.P., STRAIN, P.S. & McILLAN, D. (1975). An ecologically oriented approach to youth deviance. Journal of Community Psychology, 4, 389-400.
CARR, T.H., BACHARACH, V.R. & MEHNER, D.S. (1977). Preparing children to look at pictures : Advance descriptions direct attention and facilitate active processing.Child Development, 48, 18-24.
CARR, T.H., POLLATESEK, A. & POSNER, M.I. (1981). What does the visual system know about words ? Perception & Psychophysics, 29, 183-190.
CARR, T.H., BROWN, J.S. & CHARALAMBOUS, A. (1989). Repetition and reading : Perceptual encoding mechanisms are very abstract but not very interactive. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 15, 763-778.
CARR, T.H. (1992). Automaticity and cognitive anatomy : Is word recognition automatic ? American Journal of Psychology, 105 (S), 201-237.
Carré Justin M. ( ) : Biopsychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude des hormones, notamment de la testosterone, et du sport, surtout le hockey.
CARRÉ, J.M., MUIR, C., BELANGER, J. & PUTNAM, S.K. (2006). Pre-competition hormonal and psychological levels of elite hockey players : Relationship to the "home advantage". Physiology & Behavior 89, 392-398. [PDF]
CARRÉ, J.M. & McCORMICK, C.M. (2008). In your face : facial metrics predict aggressive behaviour in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : Biological Sciences, 275, 2651-2656. [PDF]
CARRÉ, J.M. (2009). No place like home : testosterone responses to victory depend on game location. American Journal of Human Biology, 21, 392-394. [PDF]
CARRÉ, J.M. & PUTNAM, S.K. (2010). Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 475-479. [PDF]
CARRÉ, J.M. & METHA, P.H. (2011). Importance of considering testosterone-cortisol interactions in predicting human aggression and dominance. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 1-3. [PDF]
Carré latin : Voir Plan de recherche.
Carrier Micheline (Mont-Joli 1944-2019) : Philosophe et féministe québécoise. Avec Élaine Audet, elle publie sur internet Sisyphe, un site féministe.
CARRIER, M. (1983). La pornographie base ideologique de l'oppression des femmes. Sillery : Édition Apostrophe.
CARRIER, M. (1983). Doit-on pendre Jocaste ? Sillery, Quebec : Apostrophe.
CARRIER, M. (1983). La danse macabre : violence et pornographie. Sillery : Édition Apostrophe.
CARRIER, M. & GENDRON, C. (1997). La mort : Condition de la vie. Montréal : Presses de l'Université du Québec.
AMIRMOKRI, V., ARJOMAND, H., AUDET, É., CARRIER, M. et HOUDA-PEPIN, F. (2005). Des tribunaux islamiques au Canada. Sisyphe : Contrepoint.
AUDET, É. (2019). Micheline Carrier (1944-2019), grande figure de l’engagement. Recherches Féministes, 32 (1), 1-2.
Carrière : Travail dont la forme progresse et qui, de ce fait, permet à celui ou à celle qui l'a choisi de grimper dans la hiérarchie d'une entreprise. Carrière, effet du plafond de verre et choix d'une carrière. Career.
   
SUPER, D.E. (1957). The psychology of careers. New York : Harper.
RAPOPORT, R. & RAPOPORT, R. (1971). Dual-career families. London : Penguin. BURKE, R.J. (2002). Career development of managerial women. In R.J. Burke & D.L. Nelson (Eds.), Advancing women's careers (pp.139-161). Oxford : Blackwell.
FERBER, M.A. & HUBER, J. (1979). Husbands, wives, and careers. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 41, 315-325. UPTON, M., EGAN, T.M. & LYNHAM, S.A. (2003). Career development : Definitions, theories, and dependent variables. In T.M. Egan (Ed.), Proceedings of the Academy of Human Resource Development, USA (pp. 728-735). Bowling Green, OH : AHRD.
BETZ, N.E. & HACKETT, G. (1981). The relationship of carreer-related self-efficacy expectations to perceived carrer options in college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28 (5), 399-410. VAN DIJK, M. (2004). Career development within HRD: Foundation or fad ? In T.M. Egan (Ed.), Proceedings of the Academy of Human Resource Development, USA (pp. 771-778). Bowling Green, OH : AHRD.
FRIEZE, I.H., BAILEY, S., MAMULA, P. & MOSS, M. (1985-86). Life scripts and life planning : The role of career scripts in college women's career choices. Imagination, Cognition, & Personality : The Scientific Study of Consciousness, 5, 59-72. THARENOU, P. (2005). Does mentor support increase women's career advancement more than men's ? The differential effects of career and psychological support. Australian Journal of Management, 30 (1), 77-109.
STEFFY, B.D. & JONES, J.W. (1988). The impact of family and career planning variables on the organizational, career, and community commitment of professional women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 32, 196-212.
ADLER, P., ADLER, P., AHRONS, C., PERLMUTTER, M., STAPLES, W. & WARREN, C.A.B. (1989). Dual-Careerism and the conjoint career couple. The American Sociologist, 20 (3), 207-236. STUMPP, T., MUCK, T., HÛLSHEGER, U., JUDGE, T.A. & MAIER, G. (2010). Core self-evaluations in Germany : Validation of a German measure and its relationships with career success. Applied Psychology : An International Review, 59, 674-700.
STORH, L.K., BRETT, J.M. & REILLY, A.H. (1992). All the right stuff : A comparison of female and male managers' career progression. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 251-260. SCHERMERR, J.A. (2012). The Jackson career explorer : Two further validity studies. Journal of Career Assessment, 20 (4), 507-519.
MAINIERO, L.A. (1994). Getting anointed for advancement : the case of executive women. Academy of Management Executive, 8 (2), 53-67. WEBBER, K.L. & CANCHÉ, M.G. (2015). Not equal for all : Gender and race differences in salary for doctoral degree recipients. Research in Higher Education, 56, 645-672. [PDF]
HONEY, J., OSGOOD, D.W. & MARSHALL, I.H. (1995). Criminal careers in the short-term : Intra-individual variability in crime and its relation to local life circumstances. American Sociological Review, 60 (5), 655-673. [PDF] BERGMAN, L. R., COROVIV, J., FERRER-WREDER, L. & MODIG, K. (2014). High IQ in early adolescence and career success in adulthood: Findings from a Swedish longitudinal study. Research in Human Development, 11 (3), 165-185.
SONNERT, G. & HOLTON, G. (1996). Career patterns of women and men in the sciences. American Scientist, 84,63-71.
EDWARDS, C., WOODWALL, J. & WELCHMAN, R. (1996). Organizational change and women managers' careers : the restructuring of disadvantage ? Employee Relations, 18 (5), 25-45. HÜTTGES, A. & FAY, D. (2015). Gender influences on career development. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 14 (3), 113-120.
 
Voir aussi Effet du plafond de verre, Différence sexuelle et Choix d'une carrière

Carroll
John Bissell Carroll Kathleen M. Carroll
 
Carroll John Bissell (Hartford 1916-2003 Fairbanks) : Psychométricien américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du langage et de l'intelligence. Avec Cattell et Horn, il a développé un modèle de l'intelligence (CHC). Signataire du Groupe des 52. Étudiant de Goodenough et Thurstone. Collaborateur de Chall.
CARROLL, J.B. (1938). Diversity of vocabulary and the harmonic series law of word-frequency distribution. The Psychological Record, 2, 379-386. [PDF]
CARROLL, J.B. (1964). Language and thought. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall.
CARROLL, J.B. (1989). The Carroll model : A twenty-five year retrospective and prospective view. Educational Researcher, 18 (1), 26-31.
CARROLL, J.B. (1997). Psychometrics, intelligence, and public perception. Intelligence, 24 (1), 25-52.
CARROLL, J.B. (1997). The three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities. In D.P. Flanagan, J.L. Genshaft & P.L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment : Theories, tests, and issues (pp. 122-130). New York : The Guilford Press.
LUBINSKI, D. (2004). John Bissell Carroll (1916-2003) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 59 (1), 43-44.
TAUB, G.E. & McGREW, K.S. (2004). A confirmatory factor analysis of Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory and cross-age invariance of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities III. School Psychology Quarterly, 19, 72-87.
Carroll Kathleen M. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de la dépendance aux drogues. Collaboratrice de Crits-Christoph et Potenza.
CARROLL, K.M., FENTON, L.R., BALL, S.A., NICH, C., FRANKFORTER, T.L., SHI, J. & ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. (2004). Efficacy of disulfiram and cognitive behavior therapy in cocaine-dependent outpatients : a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61 (3), 264-272. [PDF]
CARROLL, K.M., KOSTEN, T.R. & ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. (2004). Choosing a behavioral therapy platform for pharmacotherapy of substance users. Drug Alcohol Depend, 75 (2), 123-134. [PDF]
CARROLL, K.M. & ONKEN, L.S. (2005). Behavioral therapies for drug abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162 (8), 1452-1460. [PDF]
CARROLL, K.M. & ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. (2007). A vision of the next generation of behavioral therapies research in the addictions. Addiction, 2 (6), 850-862. [PDF]
CARROLL, K.M., KILUK, B.D., NICH, C., BABUSCIO, T.A., BREWER, J.A., POTENZA, M.N., BALL, S.A., MARTINO, S., ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. & LEJUEZ, C.W. (2011). Cognitive function and treatment response in a randomized clinical trial of computer-based training in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Substance Use & Misuse, 46 (1), 23-34. [PDF]
Caron/Carron
Jean Caron Pier-Olivier Caron Albert V. Carron
 
Carron Albert V. (1941-2014) : Spécialiste de l'étude du sport. Il s'intéresse notamment à la cohésion et à l'efficacité des équipes sportives. Collaborateur de Bray, Chelladurai et Courneya.
CARRON, A.V. (1982). Cohesiveness in sport groups : Interpretations and considerations. Journal of Sport Psychology, 4, 123-138.
CARRON, A.V. & SPINK, K.S. (1993). Team building in an exercise setting. The Sport Psychologist, 7, 8-18.
CARRON, A.V., SPINK, K.S. & PRAPAVESSIS, H. (1997). Team building and cohesiveness in the sport and exercise setting : use of indirect interventions. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 9, 61-72.
CARRON, A.V., COLMAN, M.M., WHEELER, J. & STEVENS, D. (2002). Cohesion and performance in sport : A meta analysis. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 168-183. [PDF]
CARRON, A.V., LOUGHEAD, T.M. & BRAY, S.R. (2005). The home advantage in sport competitions : Courneya and Carron's (1992) conceptual framework a decade later. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 395-407.
Carruthers Peter ( ) : Philosophe britannique, spécialiste de la conscience et de la créativité. Étudiant de Dummett. Collaborateur de Stich.
CARRUTHERS, P. (1998). Natural theories of consciousness. European Journal of Philosophy, 6, 203-222. [PDF]
CARRUTHERS, P. (2002). The cognitive functions of language. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 25, 657-726. [PDF]
CARRUTHERS, P. (2002). Human creativity : its evolution, its cognitive basis, and its connections with childhood pretence. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 53, 225-249. [PDF]
CARRUTHERS, P. (2004). Practical reasoning in a modular mind. Mind & Language, 19, 259-278. [PDF]
CARRUTHERS, P. (2013). Animal minds are real (distinctively) human minds are not. American Philosophical Quarterly, 50, 233-247. [PDF]
Types de carte
Carte cognitive Carte-question Carte-réponse
Carte de crédit Carte de jeu  
 
Carte cognitive : Représentation mentale d'un lieu ou d'un espace, qui guide les comportements, et donc favorise l'apprentissage. Concept développé par Tolman. = carte mentale. Cognitive map.
   
TOLMAN, E.C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189-208. [LIRE] VOICU, H. & SCHMAJUK, N.A. (2001). Three-dimensional cognitive mapping with a neural network. Robots & Autonomous Systems, 35, 23-36.
CIANCIA, F. (1991). Tolman et Honzik (1930). Revisited or the mazes of psychology. The psychological Record, 4, 461-472. VOICU, H. & SCHMAJUK, N.A. (2001). Exploration, navigation, and cognitive mapping. Adaptive Behavior, 8 (3-4), 207-224.
SCHMAJUK, N.A. & THIENNE, A.D. (1992). Purposive behavior and cognitive mapping : An adaptive neural network. Biological Cybernetics, 67, 165-174. MACKINTOSH, N.J. (2002). Do not ask whether they have a cognitive map, but how they find their way about. Psicologia, 23, 165-185.
BLUM, K.I. & ABBOT, L.F. (1996). A model of spatial map formation in the hippocampus of the rat. Neural Computation, 8, 85-93. VOICU, H. (2003). Hierarchical cognitive maps. Neural Networks, 16, 569-576. [PDF]
SCHMAJUK, N.A. & BUHUSI, C.V. (1997). Spatial and temporal cognitive mapping : A neural network approach. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 1, 109-114. VOICU, H. & SCHMAJUK, N.A. (2004). Detour strategies in humans : Testing the predictions of a cognitive map model. Spatial Cognition & Computation, 4 (3), 189-206.
PEARCE, J. ROBERTS, A.D.L. & GOOD, M. (1998). Hippocampal lesions disrupt a cognitive map but not vector encoding. Nature, 996, 75-77. MANNING, J.R., SEKULER, R., LEW, T.F., LI, N. & KAHANA, M.J. (2014). MAGELLAN : A cognitive map-based model of human wayfinding. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 143 (3), 1314-1330. [PDF]

MATLIN, M. (2004/2001). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated / La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université. Voir aussi Représentation mentale
Carte de crédit : Credit card.
 
HOGARTH, J.M., HILGERT, M.A., KOLODNISKY, J.M. & LEE, J. (2001). Problems with credit cards : An exploration of consumer complaining behaviors. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 14, 88-107.
WONG, K.Y. & LYNN, M. (2017). The easy money effect : Credit card spending and hard work reminder. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 34 (7), 541-551.
Carte d'un jeu : Voir Jeu de hasard. Gambling, betting behavior, games of pure chance, gambling behavior, casino use, poker.
Carte-question : Voir Jeu questionnaire. Flash card, flashcard drill.
Carte-réponse : Ancêtre du télévoteur. Petit tableau blanc qu'un élève/étudiant brandit en classe pour répondre à une question du professeur. Cette méthode favorise la participation et, partant, l'apprentissage. Response card.
   
NARAYAN, J., HEWARD, W.L. & GARDNER, R. (1990). Using response cards to increase student participation in an elementary classroom. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23 (4), 483-490. [PDF] CHRISTLE, C.A. & SCHUSTER J.W. (2003). The effects of using response cards on student participation, academic achievement, and on-task behavior during whole-class math instruction. Journal of Behavioral Education, 12, 147-165.
DAVIS, L.L. & O'NEILL, R.E. (2004). Use of response cards with a group of students with learning disabilities including those for whom English is a second language. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37, 219-222. [PDF]
GARDNER, R., HEWARD, W.L. & GROSSI, T.A. (1994). Effects of response cards on student participation and academic achievement : A systematic replication with inner-city students during whole-class science instruction. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27 (1), 63-71. [PDF] MARMOLEJO, E.K., WILDER, D.A. & BRADLEY, L. (2004). A preliminary analysis of the effects of response cards on student performance and participation in an upper division university course. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37 (3), 405-410. [PDF]
MONDRIA, J.-A. & MONDRIA-DE VRIES, S. (1994). Efficiently memorizing words with the help of word cards and "hand computer" : Theory and applications. System, 22 (1), 47-57. LAMBERT, M.C., CARTLEDGE, G., HEWARD, W.L. & LO, Y. (2006). Effects of response cards on disruptive behavior and academic responding during math lessons by fourth-grade urban students. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 8, 88-99.
CAVANAUGH, R.A., HEWARD, W.L. & DONELSON, F. (1996). Effects of response cards during lesson closure on the academic performance of secondary students in an earth science course. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 29 (3), 403-406. [PDF] CLAYTON, M.C. & WOODARD, C. (2007). The effects of response cards on participation and weekly quiz scores of university students enrolled in introductory psychology courses. Journal of Behavioral Education, 16, 250-258.
HEWARD, W.L., GARDNER, R., CAVANAUGH, R.A., COURSON, F.H., GROSSI, T.A. & BARBETTA, P.M. (1996). Everyone participates in this class : Using response cards to increase active student response. Teaching Exceptional Children, 28, 4-11 RANDOLPH, J.J. (2007). Meta-analysis of the research on response cards : Effects on test achievement, quiz achievement, participation, and off-task behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 9, 113-128.
MUNRO, D.W. & STEPHENSON, J. (2009). The effects of response cards on student and teacher behavior during vocabulary instruction. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42 (4), 795-800. [PDF]
KELLUM, K.K., CARR, J.E. & DOZIER, C.L. (2001). Response-card instruction and student learning in a college classroom. Teaching of Psychology, 28, 101-104.  

Voir aussi Apprentissage actif et Télévoteur
Cartesien : Cartesianisme Qui est relatif aux idées de Descartes. Cartesanism.
 
HOCUTT, M.O. (1996). Behaviorism as opposition to Cartesianism. In W. O'Donohue & R.F. Kitchnener (Eds.), The philosophy of psychology (pp. 81-95). Sage Publications.
Cartwright
Dorwnin P. Cartwright Nancy Cartwright
 
Cartwright Dorwin P. (1915-2008 Santa-Barbara) : Psychosociologue américain. On lui doit l'affirmation selon laquelle 90 % des psychologues ayant existé ont vécu au siècle dernier. NDLR : Il s'agit d'une estimation intuitive, et non le résultat d'une recherche scientifique. Cette affirmation avait pour but de souligner la forte croissance de la psychologie universitaire et scientifique au siècle dernier, tant au chapitre des effectifs scientifiques et parascientifiques, que sur le plan de la production des articles scientifiques et de livres savants. Étudiant d'Allport. Professeur de Kelly.
CARTWRIGHT, D. & ZANDER, A. (1960). Group dynamics : Research and theory. New York : Harper & Row.
CARTWRIGHT, D. (1968). The nature of group cohesiveness. In D. Cartwright & A. Zander (Eds.), Group Dynamics. New York : Harper & Row.
CARTWRIGHT, D. (1978). Theory and practice. Journal of Social Issues, 34 (4), 181-199.
Cartwright Nancy (1944-) : Philosophe et épistémologue américaine, spécialiste de l'étude de la causalité et des lois.
CARTWRIGHT, N. (1983). How the laws of physics lie. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
CARTWRIGHT, N. (1991). Replicability, reproducibility and robustness : Comments on Harry Collins. History of Political Economy, 23, 143-155.
CARTWRIGHT, N. (1993). Is natural science "natural" enough ? Synthese, 94, 291-301.
CARTWRIGHT, N. (1999). The dappled world : A study of the boundaries of science. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
CARTWRIGHT, N. (2007). Hunting causes and using them : Approaches in philosophy and economics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
Carus Carl Gustav (Leipzig 1789-1869 Dresde) : Philosophe allemand. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'inconscient.
CARUS C.G. (1846). Psyche.

Carver Charles S. (1947-2019) : Psychosociologue américain. Il étudie la gestion de soi, les affects et la conscience de soi. Avec Scheier, il a proposé une théorie de l'optimisme dispositionel. Collaborateur de Gibbons, Scheier et Stephan.
CARVER, C.S. & SCHEIER, M.F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect : A control process view. Psychological Review, 97 (1), 19-35.
CARVER, C.S. (1997). Adult attachment and personality : Converging evidence and a new measure. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 865-883. [PDF]
CARVER, C.S. & SCHEIER, M.F. (2002). Control processes and self-organization as complementary principles underlying behavior. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 6, 304-315. [PDF]
CARVER, C.S. (2003). Pleasure as a sign you can attend to something else : Placing positive feelings within a general model of affect. Cogntion & Emotion, 17 (2), 241-261. [PDF]
CARVER, C.S. (2005). Impulse and constraint : Perspectives from personality psychology, convergence with theory in other areas, and potential for integration. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 9, 312-333. [PDF]
LA GRECA, A.M., LLABRE, M.M. & SCHEIR, M.F. (2020). Charles S. Carver (1947-2019). American Psychology, 75 (3), 415.
Caryotype : Photographie de l'arrangement des chromosomes du noyau d'une cellule, lesquels sont tous visibles lors de la mitose.
 
CAP - CASE - CASTANEDA - CASTORIADIS - CATALANO - CATANIA - CATÉGORISER - CATHARSIS - CATTELL - CAUSALITÉ - CAUSE - CE
Cas : Individu ou groupe qui vit une situation particulière, digne d'intérêt sur la plan scientifique ou clinique, que l'on examine de près et cite en exemple pour illustrer un principe ou une théorie. Cas, méthode du cas unique et étude de cas.
 
Types de cas
Cas clinique Cas limite Cas unique
 


Cas célèbres
Dora L'homme aux loups Victor d'Aveyron
HM L'homme aux rats Petit Hans
KC Peter Petit Albert
Kitty Genovese Phineas Gage Bruce/David Reimer

 
Cas clinique : Situation particulière d'un client/patient que l'on examine de près, puis que l'on cite en exemple parce qu'elle illustre un symptôme nouveau ou une maladie jusqu'ici inconnue, ou sa cure. Cas et étude de cas. = cas type, exemple classique.
 
Cas limite : Voir Personnalité limite. Boderline.
Cas unique : Voir Méthode du cas unique.
Casalis Séverine ( ) : Psychologue cognitive américaine, d'origine française, et spécialiste de l'étude de la dyslexie. Collaboratrice de Sprenger-Charolles.
CASALIS, S. (1996). Dyslexies du développement : présentation de deux cas contrastés. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 6 (2), 189-203.
CASALIS, S. (2000). Prédire et dépister précocement les dyslexies de l'enfant. Quelques questions théoriques et méthodologiques. Rééducation Orthophonique, 204, 19-33.
CASALIS, S., COLÉ, P. & SOPO, D. (2004). Morphological awareness in developmental dyslexia. Annals of Dyslexia, 54 (1), 114-138. [PDF]
CASALIS, S., COLÉ, P. et MATHIOT, E. (2006). La reconnaissance de mots morphologiquement complexes chez les dyslexiques. Rééducation Orthophonique, 225, 111-128.
CASALIS, S., DEACON, H. & PACTON, S. (2011). How specific is the connection between morphological awareness and spelling ? Applied Psycholinguistics, 32 (3), 499-511.
Casasanto Daniel ( ) : Neuropsychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude des concepts et des métaphores. Collaborateur de Borodtisky.
CASASANTO, D., KILLGORE, W., GLOSSER, G., MALDJIAN, J., ALSOP, D., COOKE, A., GROSSMAN, M. & DETRE, J. (2002). Neural correlates of successful and unsuccessful verbal encoding. Brain & Language, 80, 287-295.
CASASANTO, D. & BORODITSKY, L. (2008). Time in the mind : Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106, 579-593.
CASASANTO, D. (2009). Embodiment of abstract concepts : good and bad in right-and left-handers. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 138 (3), 351.
CASASANTO, D. & CHRYSIKOU, E.G. (2011). When left is "right" motor fluency shapes abstract concepts. Psychological Science, 22 (4), 419-422.
CASASANTO, D. & BOTTINI, R. (2014). Spatial language and abstract concepts. WIREs Cognitive Science, 5, 139-149.
Case Robbie (Barrie 1944-2000) : Psychologue cognitiviste européen, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude du développement, notammament dans une perspective piagétienne et néo-piagétienne. Collaborateur de Demetriou.
CASE, R. (1972). Learning and development : A neo-piagetian interpretation. Human Development, 15, 339-358.
CASE, R. (1972). Validation of a neo-piagetian capacity construct. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 14, 287-322.
CASE, R. (1987). Neo-piagetian theory : Retrospect and prospect. International Journal of Psychology, 22, 773-791.
CASE, R. (1993). Theories of learning and therories of develpment. Educational Psychologist, 28 (3), 219-233. [PDF]
CASE, R., DEMETRIOU A., PLATSIDOU M. & KAZI, S. (2001). Integrating concepts and tests of intelligence from the differential and the developmental traditions. Intelligence, 29, 307-336.
OLSON, D.R. (2002). Robbie Case (1944-2000) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 57 (9), 724.
Casey
B.J. Casey M. Beth Casey
 
Casey B.J. ( ) : Neuropsychologue américaine. Collaboratrice de Mischel.
CASEY, B.J., GIEDD, J.N. & THOMAS, K.M. (2000). Structural and functional brain development and its relation to cognitive development. Biological Psychology, 54, 241-257. [PDF]
CASEY, B.J., DAVIDSON, M.C., HARA, Y., THOMAS, K.M., MATINEZ, A., GALVAN, A., ALPERIN, J.M., RODRIGUEZ-ARANDA, C.E. & TOTTENHAM, N. (2004). Early development of subcortical regions involved in non-cued attention switching. Developmental Science, 7 (5), 534-542. [PDF]
CASEY, B.J., GALVAN, A. & HARE, T.A. (2005). Changes in cerebral functional organization during cognitive development. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15, 239-244. [PDF]
CASEY, B.J. & DURSTON, S. (2006). From behavior to cognition to the brain and back : What have we learned from functional imaging studies of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ? American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 (6), 957-960. [PDF]
CASEY, B.J., SOMERVILLE, L.H., GOTLIB, I., AYDUK, O., FRANKLIN, N., ASKREN, M.K., JONIDES, J., BERMAN, M.G., WILSON, N.L., TESLOVICH, T., GLOVER, G., ZAYAS, V., MISCHEL, W. & SHODA, Y. (2011). Behavioral and neural correlates of delay of gratification 40 years later. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. [PDF]
Casey M. Beth ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste du développement, notamment des différences sexuelles sur le plan cognitif et des habiletés spatiales. Collaboratrice Benbow.
CASEY, M.B. (1975). The effect of training procedures on the over-learning reversal effect in young children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 20, 1-12.
CASEY, M.B. (1984). Individual differences in use of left-right visual cues : A reexamination of mirror-image confusions in preschoolers. Developmental Psychology, 20, 551-559.
CASEY, M.B. & LIPPMAN, M. (1991). Learning to plan through play. Young Children, 46, 52-58.
CASEY, M.B. (1996). Gender, sex, and cognition : considering the interrelationship between biological and environmental factors. Learning & Individual Differences, 8 (1), 39-53. [PDF]
CASEY, M.B., NUTTALL, R.L. & PEZARIS, E. (1999). Evidence in support of a model that predicats how biological and environmental factors interact to influence spatial skills. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1237-1247.
Cashin William E. ( ) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation, et plus particulièrement dans l'évaluation des enseignants et des enseignements. Collaborateur de Benton.
CASHIN, W.E. (1990). Students do rate different academic fields differently. New Directions for Teaching & Lesarning, 43, 113-121
CASHIN, W.E. & DOWNEY, R.G. (1990). Using global student rating items for summative evaluation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84 (4), 563-572.
CASHIN, W.E. (1990). Students do rate different academic elds differently. In M. Theall & J. Franklin (Eds.), Student ratings of instruction : Issues for improving practice : New Directions for Teaching & Learning (Vol. 43, pp. 113-121). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
CASHIN, W.E., DOWNEY, R.G. & SIXBURY, G. R. (1994). Global and specific ratings of teaching effectiveness and their relation to course objectives : Reply to Marsh (1994). Journal of Educational Psychology, 86 (4), 649-657.
CASHIN, W.E. (1995). Student rating of teachers : The research revisited. Idea Paper, 32, 1-9. [PDF]
Casino : Casino virtuel : Voir Jeu de hasard et Jeux de hasard à distance.
Caspi Avshalom A.R. ( ) : Psychiatre américain d'origine israélienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'intéraction gène-environnement.Collaborateur de Arsenault, Bardone-Cone, Belsky, Defries, Goldberg, Happé, Krueger, Moffitt, Poulton, Plomin, Roberts, Robins, Silva, Slutske et Thomson.
CASPI, A., OZER, D.J. & HERBENER, E.S. (1992). Shared experiences and the similarity of personalities : A longitudinal study of married couples. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 62, 281-291.
CASPI, A. & MOFFITT, T.E., NEWMAN, D.L. & SILA, P.A. (1996). Behavioral observations at age 3 predict adult psychiatric disorders : Longitudinal evidence from a birth cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1033-1039.
CASPI, A., McCLAY, J., MOFFITT, T. MILL, J., MARTIN, J., CRAIG, I., TAYLOR, A. & POULTON, R. (2002). Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science, 297 (5582), 851-854. [PDF]
CASPI, A., SUGDEN, K., MOFFITT, T.E., TAYLOR, A., GRAIG, I.W., HARRINGTON, H., McCLAY, J., MILL, J., MARTIN, J., BRATHWAITE, A. & POULTON, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression : Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386-389. [PDF]
CASPI, A. & MOFFITT, T.E. (2006). Gene-environment interactions in psychiatry : joining forces with neuroscience. Naturel Review of Neuroscience, 7 (7), 583-590. [PDF]
Casse-tête : Jeu. Puzzle.
 
FRANKLIN, S., PEAT, M. & LEWIS, A. (2003). Nontraditional interventions to stimulate discussion : the use of games and puzzles. Journal of Biological Education, 37, 79-84.
Cassirer Ernst (Breslau 1874-1945 Princeton) : Philosophe allemand, idéaliste néo-kantien et épistémologue phénoménologiste, spécialisé dans l'étude des fondements des mathématiques et des sciences humaines.
CASSIRER, E. (1923/55). The philosophy of symbolic forms : Language. New Haven : Yale University Press.
CASSIRER, E. (1929). The philosophy of symbolic forms : The phenomenology of knowledge. New Haven : Yale University Press.
CASSIRER, E. (1936/56). Determinism and indeterminism in modern physics. New Haven : Yale University Press.
CASSIRER, E. (1944). An essay on man. New Haven : Yale University Press.
CASSIRER, E. (1946). The myth of the state. New Haven : Yale University Press.
FRIEDMAN, M. (2000). A parting of the ways : Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger. Open Court Publishing Company.
FRIEDMAN, M. (2002). Carnap, Cassirer, and Heidegger : The Davos disputation and twentieth century philosophy. European Journal of Philosophy, 3, 263-274.
FRIEDMAN, M. (2005). Ernst Cassirer and contemporary philosophy of science. Angelaki, 10, 119-128.
Castaneda Cesar Arana Carlos (Sao Paulo Brésil/Cajamarca au Pérou 1925-1998 Los Angeles) : Anthropologue et philosophe brésilien/péruvien.
CASTANEDA, A.C. (1975/93). Histoires de pouvoir. Paris : Gallimard/Folio Essais.
CASTANEDA, A.C. (1977/84/98/02). L'herbe du diable et la petite fumée, Une voie Yaqui de la connaissance. Paris : UGE.
CASTANEDA, A.C. (1979/96). Le second anneau de pouvoir. Paris : Gallimard/Folio Essais.
CASTANEDA, A.C. (1988/99). La force du silence. Paris : Gallimard/Folio Essais.
CASTANEDA, A.C. (1994/96). L'art de rêver, Les quatre portes de la perception de l'univers. Monaco : Le Rocher/Paris : Pocket.
Castano Emanuel ( ) : Psychosociologue belge et spécialiste de l'étude des groupes et de leur influence sur le plan international. Collaborateur de Leyens et Yzerbyt.
CASTANO, E. & YZERBYT, V.Y. (1998). The highs and lows of group homogeneity. Behavioural Processes, 42, 219-238.
CASTANO, E. (2002). Who may enter ? The impact of in-group identification on in-group/out-group. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 315-322. [PDF]
CASTANO, E. (2002). The primacy of the ingroup : The interplay of entitativity and identification. European Review of Social Psychology, 11 (2), 449-468. [PDF]
CASTANO, E., SACCHI, S. & HAYS GRIES, P. (2003). The perception of the other in international relations : Evidence for the polarizing effect of entitativity. Political Psychology, 24, 449-468. [PDF]
CASTANO, E. (2004). In case of death, cling to the ingroup. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 1-10.
Caste : Au sens strict, synonyme de classe sociale en Indes. De façon plus large, on utilise ce terme pour désigner une classe sociale fermée et qui cherche à tout prix à préserver ses privilèges.
 
DOLLARD, J. (1937). Cast and class in a southern town. New Haven : Yale.
BALTZBELL, E.D. (1964). The Protestant establishment : Aristocracy and caste in America. New York : Vintage Books.
WILLIE, C.V. (1979). The caste and class controversy. Bayside, NY : General Hall Inc.
Castellanos Francisco Xavier ( ) : Psychiatre américain et spécialiste de l'étude du trouble d'attention avec hyperactivité. Collaborateur de Sonuga-Barke et Tannock.
CASTELLANOS, F.X. & TANNOCK, R. (2002). Neuroscience of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder : The search for endophenotypes. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 3, 617-628. [PDF]
CASTELLANOS, F.X. (2002). Anatomic magnetic resonance imaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 4 (4), 444-448. [PDF]
CASTELLANOS, F.X., SHARP, W.S., GOTTESMAN, R.F., GREENSTEIN, D.K., GIEDD, J.N. & RAPOPORT, J.L. (2003). Anatomic brain abnormalities in monozygotic twins discordant for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160 (9), 1693-1696.
CASTELLANOS, F.X., (2005). Varieties of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related intra-individual variability. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1416-1423.
CASTELLANOS, F.X., SONUGA-BARKE, E.J., MILHAM, M.P. & TANNOCK, R. (2006). Characterizing cognition in ADHD : beyond executive dysfunction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10 (3), 117-123. [PDF]
Castle William E. (Ohio 1867-1962) : Biologiste et généticien américain avant la lettre. Ses recherches sur l'hérédité, notamment sur la mouche à vinaigre (drosophile) ont influencé les travaux de Morgan.
CASTLE, W.E. (1903). Mendel's laws of heredity. Science, 25 (456), 396-406.
CASTLE, W.E. (1903). The laws of heredity of Galton and Mendel, and some laws governing race improvement by selection. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 39 (8), 223-24.2. [PDF] + [PDF]
CASTLE, W. E., (1910). The effect of selection upon Mendelian characters manifested in onesex only. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 8 (2), 185-192.
CASTLE, W.E. (1911). Heredity in relation to evolution and animal breeding. New York.
CASTLE, W.E. (1913). Simplification of Mendelian formulæ. The American Naturalist, 47 (555), 170-182.
Castonguay
width="50%">Charles Castonguay Louis Georges Castonguay
 
Castonguay Charles (Ottowa 1940-) : Mathématicien et statisticien canadien, spécialisé en démographie. Professeur à l'Université d'Ottawa et membre du comité scientifique de l'Institut de recherche sur le français en Amérique. Collaborateur de Dubuc.
CASTONGUAY, C. (1976). Les transferts linguistiques au foyer. Recherches Sociographiques, 17 (3), 341-351.
CASTONGUAY, C. (1985). Transferts et semi-transferts linguistiques au Québec d’après le recensement de 1981. Cahiers Québécois de Démographie, 14 (1), 59-85.
CASTONGUAY, C. (1997). Évolution de l’assimilation linguistique au Québec et au Canada entre 1971 et 1991. Recherches Sociographiques, 38 (3), 469-490.
CASTONGUAY, C. (2002). Assimilation linguistique et remplacement des générations francophones et anglophones au Québec et au Canada. Recherches Sociographiques, 43 (1), 149-182.
CASTONGUAY, C. (2003). La vraie question linguistique : quelle est la force d’attraction réelle du français au Québec ? Analyse critique de l’amélioration de la situation du français au Québec observée en 2001. Dans M. Venne (Dir.), L’annuaire du Québec 2004 (p. 232-253). Montréal : Fides.
Castonguay Louis Georges ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain, d'origine québécoise, spécialisé dans l'étude des thérapies et de leur efficacité. Collaborateur de Agras, Andersson, Beutler, Bonanno, Borkovec, Carlbring, Derubeis, Dimidjan, Earls, Goldfried, Hayes, Jones, Lambert, Lecompte, Muran, Newman, Oltmanns, Pincus, Rozental, Safran, Shafran et Stiles.
CASTONGUAY, L.G. (1984). Perspectives de rapprochement en psychothérapie. Revue Québecoise de Psychologie, 10, 41-58.
CASTONGUAY, L.G., HAYES, A.M., GOLDFRIED, M.R. & DeRUBEIS, R.J. (1995). The focus of therapists' interventions in cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 19, 485-503.
CASTONGUAY, L.G. (2002). Controlling is not enough : The importance of measuring the process and the specific effectiveness of psychotherapy treatment and control conditions. Ethics & Behavior, 12, 31-42.
CASTONGUAY, L.G. & BEUTLER, L.E. (2006). Principles of therapeutic change : A task force on participants, relationships and techniques factors. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 631-638.
CASTONGUAY, L.G., EUBANKS, C.F., GOLDFRIED, M.R., MURAN, J.C. & LUTZ, W. (2015). Research in psychotherapy integration : Relevance of the past and necessity for the future. Psychotherapy Research, 25, 365-382. [PDF]
LAMBRETTE, G. (2014). Un entretien avec Louis G. Castonguay. L'évaluation en psychothérapie. Psychothérapies, 34, 211-217.
Castoriadis Cornélius (Istanbul 1922-1997 Paris) : Philosophe et psychanalyste français d'origine grecque.
CASTORIADIS, C. (1986). Domaines de l'Homme, carrefours du labyrinthe II. Paris : Seuil.
Castrer : Castration chimique : Inhibition du fonctionnement des organes de reproduction mâles ou femelles. Castration et destruction cérébrale. Chemical castration.
 
PALMER, C.T., THORNHILL, R. & DIBARI, D.N. (2000). Biology, sex and the debate over chemical castration. In J.F. Hodgson and D.S. Kelly (Eds.), Sexual violence : Policies, practice and challenges. Praeger.
Castrer : Castration physique : Ablation des organes de reproduction mâles ou femelles. Castration et destruction cérébrale. Castration.
 
DANIEL, F.E. (1893). Castration of sexual perverts. Texas Medical Journal, 255-271.
STONE, C.P. (1927). The retention of copulatory ability in male rats following castration. Comparative Psychology, 7, 369-368.
WILLE, R. & BEIER, K.M. (1989). Castration in Germany. Annual Review of Sex Research, 2, 103-133.
SCOTT, C.L. & HOLMBERG, T. (2003). Castration of sex offenders : prisoners' rights versus public safety. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 31, 502-509.
C.A.T. : Ce Test projectif est la version adaptée pour les enfants du T.A.T. Children Aperception Test.
 
Catalano Ralph ( ) : Économiste écologiste américain. Il étudie la relation entre les conditions et les déterminants socio-économiques et la santé mentale. Collaborateur de Dooley, Novaco et Stokols.
CATALANO, R. & DOOLEY, D. (1981). The behavioral costs of economic instability. Policy Studies Journal, 10, 338-349.
CATALANO, R., NOVACO, R. & McCONNELL, W. (1997). A model of the net effect of job loss on violence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 72 (6), 1440-1447.
CATALANO, R., ALDRETE, E., VEGA, W., KOLODY, B. & AGUILAR-GAXIOLA, S. (2000). Job loss and major depression among Mexican Americans. Social Science Quarterly, 81, 477-487.
CATALANO, R. (2003). Sex ratios in the two Germanies : A test of the economic stress hypothesis. Human Reproduction, 18, 1972-1975. [PDF]
CATALANO, R., GOLDMAN-MELLOR, S., SAXTON, K., MARGERISON-ZILKO, C., SUBBARAMAN, M., LEWINN, K. & ANDERSON, E. (2011). The health effects of economic decline. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 431-450. [PDF]
Cataldo Michael F. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain. Collaborateur de Deleon, Fisher, Iwata, Neef, Piazza, Risley, Rojahn, Sandman, Schlund, Symons, Schroeder et Thompson,
CATALDO, M.F. & RISLEY, T.R. (1973). Development of a standardized measure of classroom participation. Paper presented at American Psychological Association, Montréal, 1-4. [PDF]
CATALDO, M.F. & RISLEY, T.R. (1974). Infant day care. In R. Ulrich, T. Stachnik & J .Mabry (Eds.), Control of human behavior. Glenview, Ilinois : Scott, Foresman and Company.
CATALDO, M.F., WARD, E.M., RUSSO, D.C., RIORDAN, M.M. & BENNET, D. (1986). Compliance and corelated problem behavior in children : Effects of contingent and noncontingent reinforcement. Analysis & Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 6, 265-282.
CATALDO, M.F. & BRADY, J.V. (1994). Deriving relations from the experimental analysis of behaviorJournal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41 (1), 1-5. [PDF]
CATALDO, M.F. (2008). Todd Risley : a man who didn't like counting angels. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 41 (1), 1-5. [PDF]
Catalepsie : Suspension complète et volontaire du mouvement, des muscles. Symptôme de certaines formes de schizophrénie. Catalepsy.
 
Catalogne : Catalan : Peuple et langue.
 
BALAGUER, R.D.D., COSTA, A., SEBASTIAN-GALLES, N., JUNCADELLA, M. & CARAMAZZA, A. (2004). Regular and irregular morphology and its relation with agrammatism : Evidence from two Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. Brain & Language, 91, 212-222.
Catalyseur : Tout facteur qui accélère l'acquisition d'une connaissance, d'un comportement. Catalysis.
 
COHEN, D.J. & LINDSLEY, O.R. (1964). Catalysis of controlled leadership in cooperation by human stimulation. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 5, 119-137.
Catani/Catania
Marco Catani Anthony Charles Catania
 
Catani Marco ( ) : Médecin et neurologue italien. Collaborateur de Thiebaut de Schotten.

CATANI, M. & FFYTCHE, D.H. (2005). The rises and falls of disconnection syndromes. Brain, 128, 2224–2239.
CATANI, M. ALLIN, M.P., HUSAIN, M., PUGLIESE, L., MESULAM, M.M., MURRAY, R.M. & JONES, D.K. (2007). Symmetries in human brain language pathways correlate with verbal recall. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA., 104, 17163–17168.
CATANI, M., DELL’ACQUA, F., BIZZI, A., FORKEL, S.J., WILLIAMS, S.C., SIMMONS, A., MURPHY, D.G. & THIEBAUT DE SCHOTTEN, M. (2012). Beyond cortical localization in clinico-anatomical correlation. Cortex, 48, 1262–1287.
CATANI, M., MESULAM, M.M., JAKOBSEN, E., MALIK, F., MARTERSTECK, A., WIENEKE, C., THOMPSON, C.K., THIEBAUT DE SCHOTTEN, M., DELL’ACQUA, F. & WEINTRAUB, S. (2013). A novel frontal pathway underlies verbal fluency in primary progressive aphasia. Brain, 136, 2619–2628.
CATANI, M., DELL’ACQUA, F. & THIEBAUT DE SCHOTTEN, M. (2013). A revised limbic system model for memory, emotion and behaviour. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37, 1724–1737.
Catania Anthony Charles (New York 1936-) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain. Il s'est notamment intéressé à l'apprentissage des comportements verbaux et au programme de renforcement concomittant. Étudiant de Schoenfeld. Professeur de Cerutti. Collaborateur de Deleon, Harnad, Hineline, Horne, Laties, Lowe, Matthews, Pennypacker, Reynolds, Sagvolden, Shimoff, Skinner et Stevens.  
CATANIA, A.C. (1961). Behavioral contrast in a multiple and concurrent schedule of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6, 335-342. [PDF]
CATANIA, A.C. & REYNOLDS, G.S. (1968). A quantitative analysis of the responding maintained by interval schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11 (S3), 327-383. [PDF]
CATANIA, A.C. (1975). The myth of self-reinforcement. Behaviorism, 3, 192-199. [PDF]
CATANIA, A.C. (2005). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) : Delay-of-reinforcement gradients andother behavioral mechanisms. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 28 (3), 419-424. [PDF]
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Cataplexie : Chute soudaine du tonus musculaire, sans altération de la conscience, survenant à la suite d'une forte émotion.
 
Catastrophe : Conséquences imprévisible et graves pour un individu ou un groupe. Souvent les "solutions" à une catastrophe ne parviennent pas à atténuer la gravité de l'événement. Catastrophe, Syndrome du survivant et théorie des catastrophes. = drame.
 
Types de catastrophe
Accident de voiture Écrasement d'avion Guerre
Désastre naturel   Maladie
 
 
Catastrophe naturelle : Voir Désastre naturel. Naturel disaster, ecological disaster.
Catatonie : Catatonique : Au sens large, état de passivité qui alterne, parfois soudainement, avec une forme d'agitation motrice et verbale. La catatonie constitue un des symptômes du syndrome post-traumatique et de la schizophrénie catatonique. = état catatonique. Catatonia, syndrome of catatonia.
   
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FINK, M. (2009). Catatonia : A syndrome appears, disappears and is rediscovered. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54, 437-445.
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LOOPER, K.J. & MILROY, T.M. (1997). Catatonia 20 years later. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154 (6), 883. SIENAERT, P., DHOSSCHE, D.M., VANCAMPFORT, D., DE HERT, M. & GAZDAG, G. (2014). A clinical review of the treatment of catatonia. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 5, 163.
BUSH, G., PETRIDES, G. & FRANCIS, A. (1997). Catatonia and other motor syndromes in a chronically hospitalized psychiatric population. Schizophrenia Research, 27, 83-92. WILCOX, J.A. & DUFFY, P.R. (2015). The syndrome of catatonia. Behavioral Sciences, 5, 576-588. [PDF]

Voir aussi Schizophrénie catatonique
Catecholamine : Hormone et neurotransmetteur. ( ): Adrénaline, nordadrénaline, dopamine. Catecholamine.
 
SCHILDKRAUT, J.J. (1965). The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders : A review of supporting evidence. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 7, 524-533.
WISE, R.A. (1978). Catecholamine theories of reward : a critical review. Brain Research, 152, 215-247.
ANISMAN, H. & SKLAR, L. (1979). Catecholamine depletion in mice upon reexposure to stress : Mediation of the escape deficits produced by inescapable shock. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 93, 610-625.
SERVAN-SCHREIBER, D., PRINTZ, H. & COHEN, J.D. (1990). A network model of catecholamine effects : Gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and behavior. Science, 249, 892-895. [PDF]

Catégorie : Catégoriser : Catégorisation : Fonction cognitive qui consiste à organiser l'information en classe (ou catégorie). Ici organiser signifie regrouper un ensemble d'objets qui partage au moins une caractéristique/propriété. Cette catégorie peut être nommer. La catégorisation peut être utilisée comme une stratégie de codage ou de récupération de l'information. = classer. Categorization, category information, classification.
 
Types de catégorie
Auto-catégorisation Catégorie naturelle
Catégorie kantienne Catégorisation sociale Toutes catégories confondues
 
 
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NOSOFSKY, R.M., PALMERI, T.J. & McKINLEY, S.C. (1994). Rule-plus-exception model of classification learning. Psychological Review, 101 (1), 53-79. [PDF] McCOTTER, M., GOSSELIN, F., SNOWDEN, P. & SCHYNS, P.G. (2005). The use of visual information in natural scenes categorization. Visual Cognition, 12, 938-953. [PDF]

KEIL, F.C. (2005). Knowledge, categorization and the bliss of ignorance. In L. Gershkoff-Stowe, and D. Rakison (Eds.),Building object categories in developmental time (pp.309-334). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
BIERNAT, M.R. & VESCIO, T.K. (1993). Categorization and stereotyping : Effect of group context on memory and social judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 166-202. ASHBY, F.G. & MADDOX, W.T. (2005). Human category learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 149-178.
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MACKINTOSH, N.J. (1995). Categorization by people and pigeons. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 193-214.  ASHBY, F.G., ENNIS, J.M. & SPIERING, A. (2007). Neurobiological theory of automaticity in perceptual categorization. Psychological Review, 114 (3), 632-656. [PDF]
QUINN, P.C. & ELMAS, P.D. (1996). Perceptual cues that permit categorical differentiation of animal species by infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 63, 189-211. ROGERS, T.T. & PATTERSON, K. (2007). Object categorization : Reversals and explanations of the basic-level advantage. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 136, (3), 451-469. [PDF]
SPINOZZI, G. (1996). Categorization in monkeys and chimpanzees. Behavioural Brain Research, 74, 17-24. HORNE, P.J., LOWE, C.F. & HARRIS, F.D.A. (2007). Naming and categorization in young children : V. Manual sign training. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 87 (3), 367-381. [PDF]
SCHYNS, P.G., PETRO, L.S. & SMITH, M.L. (2007). Dynamics of visual information integration in the brain for categorizing facial expressions. Current Biology, 17 (18), 1580-1585.

SMITH, D.E. (2008). Categorie are not enough. Gender & Society, 23 (1), 76-80.
QUINN, P.C. & EIMAS, P.D. (1996). Perceptual organization and categorization in young infants. In C. Rovee-Collier & L.P. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in infancy research (Vol. 10, pp. 1-36). Norwood, NJ : Ablex. SMITH, E.E. & GROSSMAN, M. (2008). Multiple systems for category learning. Neuroscience & Behavioral Reviews, 32, 249-264. [PDF]
BÉGIN, J. & PROULX, R. (1996). Categorization in unsupervised neural networks : The Eidos model. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 7, 147-154. GROSSMANN, T., GLIGA, T., JOHNSON, M.H. & MARESCHAL, D. (2009). The neural basis of perceptual category learning in human infants. The Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 2276-2286.
QUINN, P.C. & JOHNSON, M.H. (1997). The emergence of perceptual category representations in young infants : A connectionist analysis. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 66, 236-263. MAHON, B.Z. & CARAMAZZA, A. (2009). Concepts and categories : A cognitive neuropsychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 27-51. [PDF]
LACOUTURE, Y., LI S.-C. & MARLEY, A.A J. (1998). The roles of stimulus and response set size in the identification and categorisation of unidimensional stimuli. Australian Journal of Psychology, 50, 165-174. GOLDSTONE, R.L. & HENDRICKSON, A.T. (2009). Categorical perception. WIREs Cognitive Science, 1, 65-78. [PDF]
 ASHBY, F.G., ALFONSO-REESE, L.A., TURKEN, A.U. & WALDRON, E.M. (1998). A neuropsychological theory of multiple systems in category learning. Psychological Review, 105, 442-481. MURPHY, G.L. & ROSS, B.H. (2010). Category vs. object knowledge in category-based induction. Journal of Memory & Language, 63, 1-17. [PDF]
KALISH, C.W., ROGERS, T.T., LANG, J. & ZHU, X. (2011). Can semi-supervised learning explain incorrect beliefs about categories ? Cognition, 120 (1), 106-118.
SMITH, E.E., PATALANO, A. & JONIDES, J. (1998). Alternative strategies of categorization. Cognition, 65,167-196. [PDF] LITTLE, D.R., NOSOFSKY, R.M. & DENTON, S.E. (2011). Response-time tests of logical-rule models of categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 37, 1-27. [PDF]
ZAYAN, R. & VAUCLAIR, J. (1998). Categories as paradigms for comparative cognition. Behavioural Processes, 42, 87-99. WANG, H.F., FRIEL, N., GOSSELIN, F. & SCHYNS, P.G. (2011). Efficient bubbles for visual categorization tasks. Vision Research, 51, 1318-1323. [PDF]
LUPYAN, G., MIRMAN, D., HAMILTON, R. & THOMPSON-SCHILL, S.L. (2012). Categorization is modulated by transcranial direct current stimulation over left prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 124 (1), 36–49.
ITO, T.A., LARSEN, J.T., SMITH, N.K. & CACIOPPO, J.T. (1998). Negative information weighs more heavily on the brain : The negativity bias in evaluative categorizations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75, 887-900. CARVALHO, P.F. & GOLDSTONE, R.L. (2012). Category structure modulates interleaving and blocking advantage in inductive category acquisition. Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 186-191). Sapporo, Japan : Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]
CORTER, J.E. & GLUCK, M.A. (2013). Machine generalization and human categorization : An information-theoretic view. Proceedings of the First Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 201-207. [PDF]
MALCOLM, G.L., NUTHMANN, A. SCHYNS, P.G. (2014). Beyond gist : strategic and incremental information accumulation for scene categorization. Psychological Science, 25 (5), 1087-1097.
GELMAN, S.A. & HEYMAN, G.D. (1999). Carrot-eaters and creature-believers : The effects of lexicalization on children's inferences about social categories. Psychological Science, 10, 489-493. MACK, M.L. & PALMERI, J. (2015). The dynamics of categorization : Unraveling rapid categorization. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 144 (3), 551.
 
Voir aussi Catégorie naturelle, Mémoire sémantique et Nommer
 
Catégorie(s) confondue(s) (Toutes) : Voir Toutes catégories confondues.
Catégorie kantienne :
Catégorie naturelle : Natural category, natural kind, naturel concept.
   
QUINE, W.V.O. (1969). Natural kinds. In W.V. Quine (Ed.), Ontological relativity and other essays (pp. 114-138). New York : Columbia University Press. BOSTER, J.S. (1988). Natural sources of internal category structure : typicality, familiarity and similarity of birds. Memory & Cognition, 16, 258-270.
ROSCH, E. (1973). Natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 328-350. GELMAN, S.A. (1989). Children’s use of categories to guide biological inferences. Human Development, 32, 65-71.
ROSCH, E., MERVIS, C.B., GRAY, W.D., JOHNSON, D.M. & BOYES-BRAEM, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382-439. TVERSKY, B. & HEMENWAY, K. (1991). Parts and the basic level in natural categories and artificial stimuli : Comments on Murphy (1991). Memory & Cognition, 19 (5), 439-442. [PDF]
McCLOSKEY, M. & GLUCKSBERG, S. (1978). Natural categories : Well-defined or fuzzy sets ? Memory & Cognition, 6, 462-472. LASSAUNE, M.E., WISNIEWSKI, E.J. & MEDIN, D.L. (1991). The basic level in artificial and natural categories : Are all basic levels created equal ? In B. Bums (Ed.), Percepts, concepts and categories : The representation and processing information. Amsterdam : Elsevier.
BROWN, R. (1980). Natural categories and basic objects in the domain of persons. Katz-Newcomb Lecture. Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan.   QUINN, P.C., EIMAS, P.D. & ROSENKRANTZ, S.L. (1993). Evidence for representations of perceptually similar natural categories by 3- and 4-month-old infants. Perception, 22, 463-475.
STEMMER, N. (1980). Natural concepts and generaliza- tion classes. Behavior Analyst, 3 (2), 41-48.   FABRE-THORPE, M., RICHARD, G. & THORPE, S.J. (1998). Rapid categorization of natural images by rhesus monkeys. NeuroReport, 9, 303-308.
MERVIS, C.B. & ROSCH, E. (1981). Categorization of natural objects. Annual Review of Psychology, 32, 89-115. HAMPTON, J.A. (1998). Similarity-based categorization and fuzziness of natural categories. Cognition, 65, 137-165.
BYBEE J.L. & MODER, C.L. (1983). Morphological classes as natural categories. Language, 59, 251-270. RIPS, L.J. (2001). Necessity and natural categories. Psychological Bulletin, 127 (6), 827-852. [PDF]
GELMAN, S.A. (1988). Children’s expectations concerning natural kind categories. Human Development, 31, 28-34.

Catégorisation (Auto-) : Processus cognitif et ensemble de critères qui conduisent un individu à s'inclure ou à s'exlure lui-même d'un groupe. Auto-catégorisation, identité de groupe et identité sociale. Self-categorization.
 
TURNER, J.C., HOGG, M.A., OAKES, P.J., REICHER, S.D. & WETHERELL, M.S. (1987). Rediscovering the social group : A self-categorization theory. Oxford : Blackwell.
HASLAM, A., OAKES, P.J., TURNER, J.-C. & McGARTY, G. (1996). Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups : The interaction between social motivation and cognition. In R. Sorrentino & E. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition : the interpersonal context (pp. 182-222). New York : Guilford Press.
TURNER, J.C. & ONORATO, R.S. (1998). Social identity, personality, and the self-concept : A self-categorization perspective. In T.R. Tyler, R.M. Kramer & O.P. John (Eds.), The psychology of the social self (pp. 1-46). Psychology Press.
TURNER, J.C. (1999). Some current issues in research on social identity and self-categorization thoeries. In N. Ellemers, R. Spears & B. Doosje (Eds.), Social identity (pp. 6-34). Oxford : Blackwell.

Catégorisation sociale : Catégorisation sociale et théorie implicite de la personnalité. Social categorization, social clustering.
   
TAJFEL, H., BILLIG, M.G., BUNDY, R.P. & FLAMENT, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1 (2), 149-178. [PDF] DUMONT, M., YZERBYT, V.Y., WIGBOLDUS, D. & GORDJIN, E. (2003). Social categorization and fear reactions to the September 11th terrorist attacks. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 112-123.
BILLIG, M.G. & TAJFEL, H. (1973). Social categorization and similarity in intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 3 (1), 27-52. NIEDENTHAL, P.M., AUXIETTE, K., NUGIER, A., DALLE, N., BONIN, P. & FAYOL, M. (2004). A prototype analysis of the French category émotion. Cognition & Emotion, 18 (3), 289-312. [PDF]
HUGENBERG, K. & BODENHAUSEN, G.V. (2004). Ambiguity in social categorization : The Role of prejudice and facial affect in racial categorization. Psychological Science, 15 (5), 342-345.
TAYLOR, S.E., FISKE, S.T., ETCOFF, N.L. & RUDERMAN, A.J. (1978). Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and sereotyping. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36 (7), 778-793. [PDF] AKRAMI, N., EKEHAMMAR, B. & ARAYA, T. (2006). Category and stereotype activation revisited. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47, 513-522.
OAKES, P.J. & TURNER, J.C. (1980). Social categorization and intergroup behavior : Does minimal intergroup discrimination make social identity more positive ? European Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 295-301. GARCIA, S., TOR, A., BAZERMAN, M. & MILLER, D.T. (2005). Profit maximization versus disadvantageous inequality : The impact of social categorization. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 18, 187-198.
TAYLOR, S.E. & FALCONE, H.T. (1982). Cognitive bases of stereotyping: The relationship between categorization and prejudice. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 426-432. McGARTY, C. (2006). Hierarchies and groups : The roles of salience, overlap, and background knowledge in selecting meaningful social categorizations from multiple alternatives. In R.J. Crisp & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Multiple social categorization : Processes, models and applications. Hove, E. Sussex : Psychology Press.
TURNER, J.C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept : A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E.J. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes : Theory and research (Vol. 2, pp. 77-122). Greenwich, CT : JAI Press. HEWSTONE, M., TURNER, R.N., KENWORTHY, J.B. & CRISP, R.J. (2006). Multiple social categorization : Integrative themes and future research priorities. In R.J. Crisp & M. Hewstone (Eds.), Multiple social categorization : Processes, models and applications (pp. 271-310). New York : Psychology Press.
MORELAND, R.L. (1985). Social categorization and the assimilation of "new" group members. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 48, 1173-1190. SUSSKIND, J.E. (2007). Preadolescents' categorization of gender and ethnicity at the subgroup level in memory. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25, 213-225.
MACCOBY, E.E. (1988/90). Gender as a social category / Le sexe, catégorie sociale. Developmental Psychology, 24 (6), 755-765/Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, 83, 16-26. [PDF] PRENTICE, D.A. & MILLER, D.T. (2007). Psychological essentialism of human categories. Current Directions in Psychology, 16, 202-204.
SKITKA, L.J. & MASLACH, C. (1990). Gender roles and the categorization of gender relevant behavior. Sex Roles, 22 (3/4), 133-150. [PDF] APFELBAUM, E. P., PAUKER, K., AMBADY, N., SOMMERS, R. & NORTON, M.I. (2008). Learning (not) to talk about race : When older children underperform in social categorization. Developmental Psychology, 44, 1513-1518. [PDF]
TANAKA, J.W. (1991). Object categories and expertise : Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder ? Cognitive Psychology, 23, 457-482. KRUEGER, J.I. & DIDONATO, T.E. (2008). Social categorization and the perception of groups and group differences. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 2 (2), 733-750. [PDF]
ISEN, A.M., NIENDERTHAL, P. & CANTOR, N. (1992). The influence of positive affect on social categorization. Motivation & Emotion, 16, 65-78. BODENHAUSEN, G.V. & PEERY, D. (2009). Social categorization and stereotyping in vivo : The VUCA challenge. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 3, 133-151.
VAN KNIPPENBERG, A., VAN TWUYVER, M. & PEPELS, J. (1994). Factors affecting social categorization processes in memory. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 419-431. SHUTTS, K., BANAJI, M.R. & SPELKE, E.S. (2010). Social categories guide young children's preferences for novel objects. Developmental Science, 13 (4), 599-610. [PDF]
NELSON, L.J. & MILLER, D.T. (1995). The distinctiveness effect in social categorization : You are what makes you unusual. Psychological Science, 6, 246-249. BODENHAUSEN, G.V., KANG, S.K. & PEERY, D. (2011). Social categorization and the perception of social group. In S.T. Fiske & N. Macrae (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of social cognition. Sage. [PDF]
LATANÉ, B. & L'HERROU, T. (1996). Social clustering in the conformity game : Dynamic social impact in electronic groups. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 70, 1218-1230. BASTIAN, B., LOUGHNAN, S. & KOVAL, P. (2011). Essentialist beliefs predict automatic motor-responses to social categories. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 14 (4), 559-567. [PDF]
LATANÉ, B. (1996). The emergence of clustering and correlation from social interaction. In R. Hegselmann & H.O. Peitgen (Eds.), Modelle sozialer dynamiken : Ordnung, chaos und komplexität (pp. 79-104). Vienna : Hölder-Pichler-Tempsky. STEPANOVA, E.V. & STRUBE, M.J. (2012). The role of skin color and facial physiognomy in racial categorization : Moderation by implicit racial attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 867-878.
NIEDENTHAL, P.M. & HALBERSTADT, J. (1999). Emotional response categorization. Psychological Review, 106 (2), 337-361. PIETRASZEWKI, D. & SCHAWARTZ, A. (2014). Evidence that accent is a dimension of social categorization, not a byproduct of perceptual salience, familiarity, or ease-of-processing. Evolution & Human Behavior, 35, 43-50. [PDF]
GELMAN, S.A. & HEYMAN, G.D. (1999). Carrot-eaters and creature-believers : The effects of lexicalization on children's inferences about social categories. Psychological Science, 10, 489-493.
McGARTY, C. (1999). Categorization in social psychology. London : Sage.  

Voir aussi Catégorisation
Catégorisation sociale (Re-) : Recategorisation.
 
GAERTNER, S.L., MANN, J.A., MURRELL, A.J. & DOVIDIO, J.F. (1989). Reduction of intergroup bias : The benefits of recategorisation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 57, 239-249.
GAERTNER, S.L., DOVIDIO, J.F., ANASTASIO, P.A., BACHMAN, B.A. & RUST, M.C. (1993). The common ingroup identity model : Recategorisation and the reduction of intergroup bias. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 4. pp. 1-26). New York : John Wiley & Sons.
CRISP, R.J., STONE, C.H. & HALL, N.R. (2006). Recategorisation and identification : Predicting and preventing threats from common ingroups. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 230-243.

Catharsis : Voir Effet cathartique.
Catholicisme : Religion chrétienne. Catholic.
 
KASOMO, D. (2010). An assessment of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal towards peaceful co-existence in the Roman Catholic Church. International Journal of Sociology & Anthropology, 2 (8), 171-177.

Voir aussi Religion
Cattell (Test) : Voir Test de Cattell.
Cattell
James McKeen Cattell Raymond Bernard Cattell
 
Cattell James McKeen (Easton 1860-1944 Lancaster) : Psychologue fonctionnaliste américain. Il est considéré, par plusieurs historiens des sciences, comme le premier professeur de psychologie aux États-Unis. Il est également le premier a avoir utilisé le mot mental test pour désigner une série d'épreuves visant à comparer ses étudiants. Président de l'APA en 1895. Étudiant de Wundt, Hall et Galton. Professeur de Franz, Henmon, Hollingworth, Murphy, Thorndike, Wissler et Woodworth. Collaborateur de Fullerton.
CATTELL, J.M. (1886). The time it takes to see and name objects. Mind, 11, 63-65.
CATTELL, J.M. (1888). The psychological laboratory at Leipsic. Mind, 13, 37-51.
CATTELL, J.M. (1890). Mental tests and measurements. Mind, 15, 373-381.
CATTELL, J.M. (1893). Mental measurement. Philosophical Review, 2, 316-333.
CATTELL, J.M. (1902). The time of perception as a measure of differences in intensity. Philosophische Studien, 19, 63-68.
HOLLINGSWORTH, H.L. (1914). Professor Cattell's studies by the method of relative position. In The Psychological Researches of James McKeen Cattell : A review by some of his pupils. Archives of Psychology, 30, 75-91.
SOKAL, M.M. (1971). The unpublished autobiography of James McKeen Cattell. The American Psychologist, 26 (7), 626-35.
SOKAL, M.M. (1980). Science and James McKeen Cattell, 1894 to 1945. Science, 209 (4452), 43-52.
TUCKER, W.H. (2009). The Cattell controversy : Race, science, and ideology. University of Illinois Press.
SOKAL, M.M. (2009). James McKeen Cattell, Nicholas Murray Butler, and academic freedom at Columbia Univesity, 1902-1923. History of Psychology, 12 (2), 87-122. [PDF]
Cattell Raymond Bernard (1905-1998) : Psychométricien anglais. Il a notamment étudié la personnalité et l'intelligence. Il est aussi l'inventeur du 16PF (Cattell 16 Factor Personality Questionnaire) un test qui permet d'évaluer la personnalité, et du Culturel Free, un test d'intelligence. Signataire du Groupe des 52. Étudiant de Spearman. Professeur de Horn. Collaborateur de Luborsky.
CATTELL, R.B. (1952). Factor analysis. New York : Harper.
CATTELL, R.B. & DREVDAHL, J.E. (1955). A comparison of the personality profile (16 P.F.) of eminent teachers and administrators, and of the general population. British Journal of Psychology, 46, 248-261.
CATTELL, R.B. (1957). Personality and motivation structure and measurement. New York : World Book.
CATTELL, R.B. (1967). La théorie de l'intelligence fluide et cristallisée. Revue de Psychologie Appliquée, 16 (3), 135-154.
CATTELL, R.B. (1983). Structured personality learning theory. New York : Praeger.
HORN, J. (2001). Raymond Bernard Cattell (1905-1998) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 56 (1), 71-72. [PDF]
TRAUB, G.E. & McGREW, K.S. (2004). A confirmatory factor analysis of Cattell-Horn-Carroll Theory and cross-age invariance of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities III. School Psychology Quarterly, 19, 72-87.
REVELLE, W. (2009). Personality structure and measurement : the contributions of Raymond Cattell. British Journal of Psychology, 100, 253-257. [PDF]
BROWN, R.E. (2016). Hebb and Cattell : the genesis of the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, [606], 1-11. [PDF]
Catts Hugh ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude du langage et de ses troubles. Collaborateur de Wexler.
CATTS, H. & KAMHI, A.G. (1986). The linguistic basis of reading disorders : Implications for the speech-language pathologist. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 17, 329-341. [PDF]
CATTS, H. (1993). The relationship between speech-language impairments and reading disabilities. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 36, 948-958.
CATTS, H.W., ADLOF, S.M., HOGAN, T.P. & WEISMER, S.E. (2005). Are specific language impairment and dyslexia distinct disorders ? Journal of Speech, Hearing & Language Research, 48 (6), 1378-1396. [PDF]
CATTS, H.W. (2021). The critical role of oral language deficits in reading disorders : Reflection on Snowling and Hulme (2021). Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 62, 654-656.
CATTS, H.W., HOGAN, T. (2021). Dyslexia : An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of Diagnosis and treatment. The Reading League Journal, 2, 6-13.
Caucasian (Type) : = blanc, europoïde. White.
   
BHOPAL, R. & DONALDSON, L. (1998). White, European, Western, Caucasian, or what ? Inappropriate labeling in research on race, ethnicity, and health. American Journal of Public Health, 88, 1303-1307.
AHMED, N.U., AHMED, N.S., SEMENYA, K.A., ELZEY, J.D., LARSON, C., BENNETT, C.R. & HINDS, J.E. (2004). Prevalence and correlates of initiation of smoking behavior among preteen black and white children. Journal of the National Medical Association, 96 (2), 200-208. [PDF]
DEVOS, T. & BANAJI, M.R. (2005). American1?4White ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 88, 447-466.
DIXON, T.L. (2007). Black criminals and White officers : The effects of racially misrepresenting law breakers and law defenders on television news. Media Psychology, 10, 270-291. [PDF]

Voir aussi Race
Cauchemar : Parasomnie qui prend la forme d'un rêve empreint d'anxiété et de peur. Pour certains psychanalystes, le cauchemar met en scène des individus ou des objets qui se substituent à la conscience morale du surmoi et dont la fonction est de punir symboliquement le dormeur. Cauchemar, rêve et sommeil. Nightmare.
   
WOOD, J.M. & BOOTZIN, R.R. (1990). The prevalence of nightmares and their independence from anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 64-68. CHEYNE, J.A. (2003). Sleep paralysis and the structure of waking-nightmare hallucinations. Dreaming, 13, 163-179.
THOMPSON, D.F. & PIERCE, D.R. (1999). Drug-induced nightmares. The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 33, 93-98. DURAND, V.M. & CHRISTODULU, K.V. (2003). Nightmares. In T.H. Ollendick and C.S. Schroeder (Eds.), Encyclopedia of pediatric and child psychology (pp. 412-413). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
ZADRA, A. & DONDERI, D.C. (2000). Nightmares and bad dreams : Their prevalence and relationship to well-being. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 273-281. COOLIDGE, F.L., SEGAL, D.L., COOLIDGE, C.M., SPINATH, F.M. & GOTTSCHLING, J. (2010). Donightmares and generalized anxiety disorder in childhood and adolescence have a common genetic origin ? Behavior Genetics, 40, 349-356 [PDF]
TANSKANEN, A., TUOMILEHTO, J., VIINAMÄKI, H., VARTIAINEN, E., LEHTONEN, J. & PUSKA, P. (2001). Nightmares as predictors of suicide. Sleep, 24, 845-848. SCHREDL, M. & REINHARD, I. (2011). Gender differences in nightmare frequency : A meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 15, 115-121.

NIELSEN, T. & POWELL, R.A. & KUIKEN, D. (2013). Nightmare frequency is related to a propensity for mirror behaviors. Consciousness & Cognition, 22 (4), 1181-1188.
 
Voir aussi Sommeil, Parasomnie, Rêve, Anxiété et Peur
Causalité : Principe selon lequel tout phénomène a une cause. Principe de la causalité et explication scientifique. = déterminisme. Causality.
X Y
Cause Effet

 
Formes de causalité
Causalité circulaire Causalité illusoire Causalité intuitive
 
   
PIAGET, J. (1924). Étude critique sur "L'expérience humaine et la causalité physique" de L. Brunschvicg. Journal de Psychologie Normale et Pathologique, 21, 586-607. [PDF] ROSCH, E.H. (1994). Is causality circular : Event structure in folk psychology, cognitive science, and Buddhist logic. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 1, 50-65.
HOPF, E. (1934). On causality, statistics and probability. Journal of Mathematics & Physics, 13, 51-102.
GRÜNBAUM, A. (1952). Causality and the science of human behavior. American Scientist, 40 (4), 665-676. SUN, R. (1994). A neural network model of causality. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 5 (4), 604-611. [PDF]
ADAMS, E.M. (1966). Mental causality. Mind, 75, 552-563. GREEN, A. (1995). La causalité psychique. Paris : Odile Jacob.
ANSCOMBE, G.E.M. (1971). Causality and determination, Cambridge University Press. FORSYTH, J.P., LEJUEZ, C.W., HAWKINS, R.P. & EIFERT, G.H. (1996). Cognitive versus contextual causation : Different world views but perhaps not irreconcilable. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 27, 369-376. [PDF]
PIAGET, J. & GARCIA, R. (1974). Understanding causality. New York : Norton. CHENG, P.W. (1997). From covariation to causation : A causal power theory. Psychological Review, 104 (2), 367-405.
MACKIE, J.L. (1974). The cement of the universe : A study of causation. Oxford : Oxford University Press. PEARL, J. (1998). Graphs, causality, and structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 27 (2), 226-284.
BUNGE, M. (1979/2008). Causality and modern science. New York : Dover. SALMON, W. (1998). Causality and explanation. Oxford : Oxford University Press
 KENNY, D.A. (1979). Correlation and causality. New York : Wiley-Interscience. [PDF] LEIGLAND, S. (1998). Radical behaviorism and the clarification of causality, constructs, and confusions : A reply to Hayes, Adams, and Dixon. The Psychological Record, 48, 423-437. [PDF]
POLIAKOV, L. (1980). La causalité diaboloique. Paris : Calmann-Levi.
SHOEMAKER, S. (1980). Causality and properties. In Identity, cause and mind (pp. 206-233). Oxford, Oxford University Press.  HARNAD, S. (2000). Correlation vs. causality : How/why the mind/bbody problem is hard. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 7 (4), 54-61. [LIRE]
GOLIN, S., SWEENEY, P.D. & SCHAEFFER, D.E. (1981). The causality of causal attributions in depression : A cross-lagged panel correlational analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 14-22. SCHAFFER, J. (2000). Causation by disconnection. Philosophy of Science, 67, 285-300. [PDF]
MALCOM, N. (1984). Consciousness and causality. In D.M. Armstrong & N. Malcolm (Eds.), Consciousness and causality : A debate on the nature of mind (pp. 3-101). Oxford : Blackwell. FERGUSON, C.J. (2002). Media violence : Miscast causality. American Psychologist, 57 (6-7), 446-447. [PDF]
BANDURA, A. (1984). Representing personal determinants in causal structures. Psychological Review, 91, 508-511. [PDF] KROL, N., MORTON, J. & De BRUYN, E. (2004). Theories of conduct disorder : a causal modelling analysis. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 45 (4), 727–742. [PDF]
HERMANN, I. (1986). The psychological field : Chance and causality. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 22, 652-665. HOHWY, J. (2004). The experience of mental causation. Behavior & Philosophy, 32, 377-400. [PDF]
MEEKER, B.F. & HAGE, J. (1988). Social causality. Allen and Unwin. RICHARDSON, R.C. (2006). Explanation and causality in self-organizing systems. In B. Feltz, M. Crommelinck & P. Goujon (Eds.), Self-organization and emergence in life sciences (pp. 315-340). Springer Verlag / Explication et causalité dans les sysèmes auto-organisés. Dans B. Feltz, M. Crommelinck & P. Goujon (Eds.), Auto-organisation et émergence dan les sciences de la vie (p. 439-474). Bruxelles : OUSIA.
DOWE, P. (2000). Physical causation. Cambridge University Press. KAIDESOJA, T. ( 2007). Exploring the concept of causal power in a critical realist tradition. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37 (1), 63-87.
WHITE, P.A. (1990). Ideas about causation in philosophy and psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 3-18.  FALMIER, O. & YOUNG, M.E. (2008). The impact of object animacy on the appraisal of causality. American Journal of Psychology, 121 (3), 475-500. [PDF]
EELLS, E. (1991). Probabilistic causality. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. BURAS, T. (2009). An argument against causal theories of mental content. American Philosophical Quarterly, 46, 117-130.
DOWE, P. (1992). Wesley Salmon's process theory of causality and the conserved quantity theory. Philosophy of Science, 59, 195-216. NORTON, J. (2009). Is there an independent principle of causality in physics ? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 60, 475-486. [PDF]
HAYNES, S.N. (1992). Models of causality in psychopathology : Toward synthetic, dynamic and nonlinear models of causality in psychopathology. Des Moines, IA : Ayllon & Bacon STREVENS, M. (2013). Causality reunified. Erkenntnis, 78, 299-320.
COX, D.R. (1993). Causality and graphical models. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute, 49 (1), 363-372. MOUNTJOY, E., DAVIES, N.M., PLOTNIKOV, D., DAVEY SMITH, G., RODRIGUEZ, S., WILLIAMS, C.E., GUGGENHEIM, J. & ATAN, D. (2018). Education and myopia : assessing the direction of causality by mendelian randomisation. Brithish Medical Journal, 361, 1-11. [PDF]

Voir aussi Explication scientifique et Cause
Causalité circulaire : Voir Boucle de rétroaction.
 
Causalité illusoire : Relation de causalité que l'on croit fondée alors qu'elle n'est que pure coïncidence. Causalité illusoire, perception de la causalité et perception de la causalité. Cognitive illusion.
   
TAYLOR, S.E. & FISKE, S.T. (1975). Point of view and perceptions of causality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32, 439-445.
TVERSKY, A. & GILOVICH, T. (1989). The hot hand : Statistical reality or cognitive illusion ? Chance, 2 (4), 31 -34.
 LIEN, Y. & CHENG, P.W. (2000). Distinguishing genuine from spurious causes : a coherence hypothesis. Cognitive Psychology, 40, 87-137. [PDF]
SANDERS, G., BERECZKEI, T., CSATO, A. & MANNING, J. (2005). The ratio of the 2nd to 4th finger length predicts spatial ability in men but not women. Cortex, 41, 789-795.

Voir aussi Perception de la causalité
Causalité intuitive :
   
PIAGET, J. (1923). La causalité chez l'enfant. The British Journal of Psychology, 18 (3), 276-301.
PIAGET, J. et KRAFT, H. (1925). De quelques formes primitives de causalité chez l'enfant : phénoménisme et efficacité. L'Année Psychologique, 26, 31-71. [PDF]
PIAGET, J. (1927). La causalité physique chez l’enfant. Paris : Alcan.
JAMET, F., LEGROS, D. & PUDELKO, B. (2004). Dessin et discours : construction de la représentation de la causalité du monde physique. Intellectica, 38, 103-137.

Voir aussi Perception de la causalité et Cause
Cause : Causal : Facteur déterminant l'apparition d'un phénomène (effet). Pour certains épistémologues, une cause est une condition nécessaire et suffisante à l'apparition d'un phénomène. La cause produit l'effet. Au sens strict, la cause précède toujours l'effet; jamais l'inverse. En science, la cause est l'élément central de l'explication, des théories. En sciences humaines, de nombreux auteurs hésitent à parler de cause. Selon eux, le terme serait adéquat pour décrire les relations matérielles ou physiques entre des objets inanimés, des relations linéaires, invariables et de proximité, mais il serait inapproprié pour expliquer les phénomènes biologiques plus complexes ou psychologiques. Ces derniers seraient d'une autre essence, d'une autre nature (que matériel ou physique). Selon eux, les phénomènes biologiques, psychologiques ou sociaux ne seraient pas soumis à un déterminisme stricts. Par exemple, dans le conditionnement opérant, le comportement du sujet modifie l'environnement, et en retour l'environnement influence la réponse du sujet. Ici A cause B, mais B cause également A. L'effet devient la cause, et survient après le phénomène que l'on souhaite expliquer. Ces boucles de rétroaction, que l'on observe également en biologie, peuvent-elles être considérées comme de simples causes ? Une relation causale bidirectionnelle est-elle toujours une cause ? D'autres auteurs affirment que les phénomènes psychologiques sont tout simplement immatériels (niveau psychique ou mental), et ne peuvent pour cette raison s'expliquer en terme de relation causale. Certains phénomènes "échapperaient" donc à l'emprise universelle de la causalité. Pour ces deux raisons, certains auteurs préférent utiliser le terme "facteurs déterminants". Cause, théorie et effet. = relation de causalité, relation de cause à effet, déterminant, facteur explicatif. Cause, causation, causal determinant.
X Y
= Cause = Effet
 
Types de causes
4 causes Cause immédiate Cause première
Cause fondamentale Cause distale Cause psychologique
    Cause sociale
 
   
HUME, D. (1739/1946/60). A treatise of human nature : Being an attempt to introduce the experimental method of reasoning into moral subjects/ Traité de la nature humaine. Oxford : Clarendon Press/Paris : Aubier. BRAUN, D. (1995). Causally relevant properties. Philosophical Perspectives, 9, 447-475.
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GRÜNBAUM, A. (1952). Causality and the science of human behavior. American Scientist, 40 (4), 665-676. DOUGHER, M.J. (1995). A bigger picture : Cause and cognition in relation to differing scientific frameworks. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 26 (3), 215-219.
HANSON, N.R. (1955). Causal chains. Mind, 64, 289-311. SPERBER, D., PREMARK, D. & PREMARK, A.J. (Eds.) (1995). Causal cognition : A multidisciplinary debate. New York : Oxford University Press.
MAYR, E. (1961). Cause and effect in biology. Science, 131, 1501-1506. LAYNG, T.V.J. (1995). Causation and complexity : Old lessons new crusades. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 249-258.
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LEWIS, D. (1973). Causation. Journal of Philosophy, 70, 556-67. GLENNAN, S. (1996). Mechanisms and the nature of causation. Erkenntnis, 44, 49–71.
STADDON, J.E.R. (1973). On the notion of cause, with applications to behaviorism. Behaviorism, 1, 25-63. ANGRIST, J., IMBENS, G.W. & RUBIN, D.B. (1996). Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91, 444-472.
CUMMINS, R. (1974). Dispositions, states and causes. Analysis, 34 (6), 94-204. [PDF] CHIESA, M. (1996). Cause, explanation, and theory in a science of behavior. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 22, 61-82.
ROTHMAN, K.J. (1974). Synergy and antagonism in cause-effect relationships. American Journal of Epidemiology, 99, 385-388. RIBES-INESTA, E. (1997). Causality and contingency : Some conceptual considerations. The Psychological Record, 47, 619-635.

JOHNS, G. (1997). Contemporary research on absence from work : Correlates, causes, and consequences. Interna-
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SOSA, E. (1975). Introduction to causation and conditionals. London : Oxford University Press. YABLO, S. (1997). Wide causation. Philosophical Perspectives, 11, 251-281. [PDF]
SPERRY, R.W. (1976). Mental phenomena as causal determinants in brain function. In O.O. Globus, G. Maxwell & I. Savodnik (Eds.), Consciousness and the brain (pp. 163-177). New York : Plenum Press. CHENG, P.W. (1997). From covariation to causation : A causal power theory. Psychological Review, 104, 367-405. [PDF]
SCHNAITTER, R. (1978). Private causes. Behaviorism, 6 (1), 1-12. SEHON, S. (1998). Connectionism and the causal theory of action explanation. Philosophical Psychology, 11 (4), 511-532.
WHEELER, M. & CLARK, A. (1999). Genic representation : Reconciling content and causal complexity. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 50, 103-135.
GANNETT, L. (1999). What's in a cause ? The pragmatic dimension of genetic explanations. Biology & Philosophy, 14, 349-374.
ZURIFF, G.E. (1979). Ten inner causes. Behaviorism, 7 (1), 1-8. [PDF] DICKINSON, A. & BALLEINE, B. (2000). Causal cognition and goal-directed action. In C. Heyes & L. Huber (Eds.), The evolution of cognition (pp. 185-204). Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press.
LEWIS, D. (1981). Causal decision theory. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 59, 5-30. KILLEEN, P.R. (2001). The four causes of behavior. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 136-140.
JAMES, L.R., MULAIK, S.A. & BRETT, J.M. (1982). Causal analysis : Assumptions, models, and data. Beverly Hills, CA : Sage. WALTER, S. & HECKMANN, H.-D. (Eds.) (2003). Physicalism and mental causation. Charlottesville, VA : Imprint Academic.
SPERRY, R.W. (1987). Consciousness and causality. In R. Gregory (Ed.), The Oxford companion to the mind (pp. 164-1660). Oxford : Oxford University Press. YABLO, S. (2003). Causal relevance. Philosophical Issues, 13 (1), 316-328.
MEEKER, B.F. & HAGE, J. (1988). Social causality. Allen and Unwin. SHAFER, J. (2004). Causes need not be physically connected to their effects : The case for negative causation. In C. Hitchcock (Ed.), Contemporary debates in philosophy of science. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing.
DRETSKE, F. (1988). Explaining behavior : Reasons in a world of causes. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. BONTLY, T.D. (2005). Exclusion, overdetermination, and the nature of causation. Journal of Philosophical Research, 30, 261-282.

KROL, N., MORTON, J. & De BRUYN, E. (2004). Theories of conduct disorder : a causal modelling analysis. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 45 (4), 727–-742. [PDF]
WHITE, P.A. (1990). Ideas about causation in philosophy and psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 3-18. KRUEGER, J.I. & FUNDER, D.C. (2004). Towards a balanced social psychology : Causes, consequences, and cures for the problem-seeking approach to social behavior & cognition, Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 27 (3), 313-327. [PDF]
TOOLEY, M. (1990). Causation : Reductionism versus realism. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 50 (S), 215-236. BONTLY, T.D. (2005). Proportionality, causation, and exclusion. Philosophia, 32 (1-4), 331-348.
YABLO, S. (1992). Mental causation. Philosophical Review, 101 (2), 245-280. [PDF] DILWORTH, J. (2005). Perceptual causality problems reflexively resolved. Acta Analytica, 20, 11-31. [PDF]
ELDER-VASS, D. (2005). Emergence and the realist account of cause. Journal of Critical Realism, 4 (2), 315-338. [PDF]
ALESSI, G. (1992). Models of proximate and ultimate causation in psychology. American Psychologist, 47, 1359-1370. WEBBINK, D., (2005). Causal effects in education. Journal of Economic Surveys, 19 (4), 535-560.
YABLO, S. (1992). Cause and essence. Synthese, 93, 403-449. KIM, J. (2005). Laws, causation, and explanation in the special sciences. History & Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 27, 325-338.
OVERSKEID, G. (2006). Why behave ? The problem of initiating causes and the goals of prediction and control. Psychological Record, 56, 323-340.
SOSA, E. & TOOLEY, M. (Eds.) (1993). Causation. Oxford : Oxford University Press, Readings in Philosophy Series. BENNETT, K. (2007). Mental causation. Philosophy Compass, 2 (2), 316-337.
AUDI, R.N. (1993). Mental causation : Sustaining and dynamic. In J. Heil & A.R. Mele (Eds.), Mental causation. Oxford University Press. CARTWRIGHT, N. (2007). Hunting causes and using them : Approaches in philosophy and economics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
DAVIDSON, D. (1993). Thinking causes. In J. Heil and A. Mele (Eds.), Mental causation. Oxford : Oxford University Press. PÉREZ ÀLVAREZ, M. (2009). The four causes of behavior : International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 9 (1), 45-57. [PDF]
HEIL, J. & MELE, A. (1993). Mental causation. Oxford : Oxford University Press. TOOLEY, M. (2010). Time, truth, actuality, and causation : On the impossibility of divine foreknowledge. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 1, 143-163.
CRANE, T. (1995). The mental causation debate. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 69 (S), 211-236. SCOTT-PHILLIPS, T.C., DICKINS, T.E. & WEST, S.A. (2011). Evolutionary theory and the ultimate-proximate distinction in the human behavioral sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6 (1), 38-47. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Facteur déterminant
Causes (Chaîne) :
       
X1 X2 Y
= Causes = Effet
   
Voir auss Mécanisme
Causes (Les quatre) : Types proposés par Aristote : 1) cause efficiente; 2) cause matérielle; 3) cause formelle; 4) cause finale. Four causes.
 
KILLEEN, P.R. & NASH, M.R. (2003). The four causes of hypnosis. International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis, 51, 195-231. [PDF]

Causedistale : Ultimate cause.
 
ALESSI, G. (1992). Models of proximate and ultimate causation in psychology. American Psychologist, 47, 1359-1370.
ALCOCK, J. & SHERMAN, P. (1994). The utility of the proximate–ultimate dichotomy in ethology. Ethology, 96, 58-62.
BEATTY, J. (1994). The proximate/ultimate distinction in the multiple careers of Ernst Mayr. Biology & Philosophy, 9 (3), 333-356.
DEWSBURY, D.A. (1999). The proximate and the ultimate : past, present, and future. Behavioural Processes, 46, 189-199. [PDF]

Cause finale (Principe) : Chez Aristote, la cause finale renvoie au dessein de l'univers, qui imprime une influence sur toute chose, incluant les individus. De nos jours, on utilise le terme pour désigner la fonction d'un objet. = fin, finalité, fonction. /intention. Telos.
   
Voir auss Cause
Cause fondamentale : = cause première.
Cause immédiate : Ensemble des causes biologiques ou psychologiques qui échappent à l'influence directe de l'évolution. = cause proximale.
 
ALESSI, G. (1992). Models of proximate and ultimate causation in psychology. American Psychologist, 47, 1359-1370.
ALCOCK, J. & SHERMAN, P. (1994). The utility of the proximate–ultimate dichotomy in ethology. Ethology, 96, 58-62.
BEATTY, J. (1994). The proximate/ultimate distinction in the multiple careers of Ernst Mayr. Biology & Philosophy, 9 (3), 333-356.
DEWSBURY, D.A. (1999). The proximate and the ultimate : past, present, and future. Behavioural Processes, 46, 189-199. [PDF]

Cause première : Première cause d'une chaîne de causes. = origine, genèse.
 
Cause psychologique : Expression qui recouvre deux réalités complémentaires : a) Au sens large, l'expression désigne une vaste gamme de phénomènes explicatifs qui se trouvent dans l'individu, sans être de nature biologique (EX : les attitudes, les intentions, les maladies mentales, etc.). NDLR : Attention, en psychologie, il existe de nombreuses explications monistes biologiques ou sociales dites externalismes) que l'on qualifie également de psychologique. = facteur psychologique. /cause biologique. b) Le terme renvoie également au débat entre les matérialistes/monistes et les mentalistes/dualistes; la thèse de ces derniers soutient qu'il existe des causes internes non-biologiques qui permettent d'expliquer des phénomènes biologiques/physiques, comme les comportements. = cause mentale, cause interne. Mental causation, inner cause.
   
a
   
b
SPERRY, R.W. (1976). Mental phenomena as causal determinants in brain function. In O.O. Globus, G. Maxwell & I. Savodnik (Eds.), Consciousness and the brain (pp. 163-177). New York : Plenum Press. SPERBER, D., PREMARK, D. & PREMARK, A.J. (Eds.) (1995). Causal cognition : A multidisciplinary debate. New York : Oxford University Press.
ZURIFF, G.E. (1979). Ten inner causes. Behaviorism, 7, 1-8. DOUGHER, M.J. (1995). A bigger picture : Cause and cognition in relation to differing scientific frameworks. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 26 (3), 215-219.
YABLO, S. (1992). Mental causation. Philosophical Review, 101 (2), 245-280. DICKINSON, A. & BALLEINE, B. (2000). Causal cognition and goal-directed action. In C. Heyes & L. Huber (Eds.), The evolution of cognition (pp. 185-204). Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press.
HEIL, J. & MELE, A. (1993). Mental causation. Oxford : Oxford University Press. SHAFER, J. (2004). Causes need not be physically connected to their effects : The case for negative causation. In C. Hitchcock (Ed.), Contemporary debates in philosophy of science. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing.
CRANE, T. (1995). The mental causation debate. Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 69 (S), 211-236. BENNETT, K. (2007). Mental causation. Philosophy Compass, 2 (2), 316-337.

PÉREZ ÀLVAREZ, M. (2009). The four causes of behavior : International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 9 (1), 45-57. [PDF]

Cause sociale :
 
MEEKER, B.F. & HAGE, J. (1988). Social causality. Allen and Unwin.
Cautela Joseph R. (1927-1999) : Béhavioriste américain et spécialiste des thérapies béhaviorales, notamment des thérapies aversives. On lui doit la découverte du conditionnement privé (Covert sensitization).
CAUTELA, J.R. (1967). Covert sensitization. Psychological Reports, 20 (2), 459-468.
CAUTELA, J.R. (1970). Behavior therapy and the need for behavioral assessment.Psychotherapy : Theory, Research & Practice, 5 (3), 175-179.
CAUTELA, J.R. (1970). The treatment of alcoholism by covert sensitization. Psychotherapy : Theory, Research & Practice, 7 (2), 86-90. [PDF]
CAUTELA, J.R. & KEARNEY, A.J. (1986). The covert conditioning handbook. New York : Springer.
CAUTELA, J.R. & KEARNEY, A.J. (1990). Behavior analysis, cognitive therapy, and covert conditioning. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 21 (2), 83-90.
Cautilli Joseph D. ( ) : Béhavioriste américain et spécialiste des thérapies béhaviorales. Collaborateur de Axelrod et Hineline.
 CAUTILLI, J.D. (2005). Brief report : Application of proposed model of decreasing reinforcement intensity. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation & Therapy, 1 (1), 21-26.
 CAUTILLI, J.D., RILEY-TILLMAN, T.C., AXELROD, S. & HINELINE, P. (2005). The role of verbal conditioning in third generation behavior therapy. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6 (2), 138-145.
 CAUTILLI, J.D., RILEY-TILLMAN, T.C., AXELROD, S. & HINELINE, P. (2005). Current behavioral models of client and consultee resistance : A critical review. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation & Therapy, 1 (2), 147-164.
 CAUTILLI, J.D. & WEINBERG, M. (2006). Behaviorally oriented therapies, corrections, and public policy. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7 (4), 442-451. [PDF]
 HASSET, D.L., KELLY, A.M., PRITCHARD, J.K. & CAUTILLI, J.D. (2008). The liicensing of behavior analysts : Protecting the profession and the public. Journal of Early & Intensive Behavior Intervention, 5 (2), 8–19.
Cavalli-Sforza Luca Luigi (1922-2018 Belluno) : Biologiste et généticien italien, spécialisé dans l'étude de la transmission culturelle. Collaborateur de Feldman.
CAVALLI-SFORZA, L.L. & EDWARDS, A.W.F. (1967). Phylogenetic analysis : models and estimation procedures. American Journal of Human Genetics, 19, 233-257.
CAVALLI-SFORZA, L.L. & BODMER, W.F. (1971/99). The genetics of human populations. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco/Dover Publications.
CAVALLI-SFORZA, L.L. & FELDMAN, M.M.W. (1981). Cultural transmission and evolution. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
CAVALLI-SFORZA, L.L., MENOZZI, P. & PIZZA, A. (1998). The history and geography of human genes. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
CAVALLI-SFORZA, L.L. (1996). Qui sommes-nous ? Une histoire de la diversité humaine. Paris : Flammarion.
Cavanagh Patrick ( ) : Neuropsychologue américain, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la vision et de la recherche visuelle. Collaborateur de Ceci, Jolicoeur, Lassonde et Ramachadran.
CAVANAGH, P. & CHASE, W.G. (1971). The equivalence of target and nontarget processing in visual search. Perception & Psychophysics, 9, 493-495. [PDF]
CAVANAGH, P., HUNT, A.R., AFRAZ, A. & ROLFS, M. (2010). Attention Pointers : Response to Mayo and Sommer. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14 (9), 390-391. [PDF]
CAVANAGH, P. & ANTSIS, S. (2002). The boogie-woogie illusion. Perception, 31, 100-1011. [PDF]
CAVANAGH, P. et VANRULLEN, R. (2007). La résolution de l’attention : le grain spatial et temporal de la conscience visuelle. Dans G.Michael (Dir.), Les dimensions de l’attention visuelle (pp. 63-81). Marseille : Solal. [PDF]
CAVANAGH, P. (2011). Visual cognition. Vision Research, 13, 1538-1551. [PDF]
ccmdCCDMD : entre Collégial de Développement de Matériel Didactique. Organisme gouvernemental qui promeut le developpement des TICS à l'école.
ccdmd
 
CAS - CECI - CÉCITÉ - CÉGEP - CEI - CEL - CENTRA - CERTITUDE - CERUTTI - CERVEAU - CERVEAU/MYTHE - CERVELET - CETERUS PARIBUS - CH
Ce que l'on a : Expression, souvent de dépit, qui désigne l'état des choses, à un moment donné. NDLR : "Ce que l'on a, c'est mieux que rien, mais c'est pas bon pour autant".
 
Ce que l'on croit savoir : Expression qui désigne les hypothèses d'un domaine de recherche. Une hypothèse est une affirmation provisoire qui s'appuie sur une théorie ou des des faits (parfois les deux).
 
Ce que l'on doit savoir : Expression qui désigne les connaissances scientifiques essentielles pour comprendre un problème, un objet d'étude. = connaissance essentielle.
 
Ce que l'on sait : Expression qui désigne le savoir ou la somme des connaissances scientifiques actuelles d'un domaine de recherche, généralement présenté sous forme de recension des écrits. Répond généralement à la question «Que sait-on ? ». = niveau actuel des connaissances, état de la question, état des lieux. What do we know, current knowledge.
   
EVERTSON, C.M. & HARRIS, A.H. (1992). What we know about managing classrooms. Educational Leadership, 49 (7), 74-78. [PDF] POJMAN, L.P. (2000). What can we know ? Wadsworth.
BIGLAN, A. (1995). Translating what we know about the context of antisocial behavior in to a lower prevalence of such behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28 (4), 479-492. [PDF] HARDOON, K.K. & DEREVENSKY, J.L. (2002). Child and adolescent gambling behavior : Current Knowlege. Clinical Child & Psychiatry, 7 (2), 139-145. [PDF]
SLAVIN, R.E. (1995). Research on cooperative learning and achievement : What we know, what we need to know. Contempory Educationnal Psychology, 21, 43-69. [PDF] GAWRONSKI, B. & BODENHAUSEN, G.V. (2007). What do we know about implicit attitude measure and what do we have to learn ? In B. Wittenbrink and N. Schwarz (Eds.), Implicit measures of attitudes (pp. 265-286). New York : Guilford Press. [PDF]
ADLER, N.E. & OSTROVE, J.M. (1999). Socioeconomic status and health : What we know and what we don’t. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896 (1), 3-15 [PDF] SUGAI, G. & HORNER, R.H. (2008). What we know and need to know about preventing problem behavior in schools. Exceptionality, 16, 67-77.

DAVIS, S.F., DRINAN, P.F. & GALLANT, T.B. (2009). Cheating in school : What we know and what we can do. Wiley, John & Sons.

VISMARA, L.A. & ROGERS, S. J. (2010). Behavioral treatments in autism spectrum disorder : What do we know ? Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 447-468.

Voir aussi État de la question et Recension des écrits

Ce que l'on veut savoir : En science, expression qui désigne ce que l'on ignore d'un thème ou d'un domaine de recherche (faille ou lacune), mais qui mérite d'être su ou mieux connu (pertinence du problème). = formulation d'un problème. What do we have to learn.
 
Éléments de «ce que l'on veut savoir»
Faille Pertinence du problème Question de recherche
Justification de la recherche Problème de recherche  
 
 
GAWRONSKI, B. & BODENHAUSEN, G.V. (2007). What do we know about implicit attitude measure and what do we have to learn ? In B. Wittenbrink & N. Schwarz (Eds.), Implicit measures of attitudes (pp. 265-286). New York : Guilford Press. [PDF]
Ceci Stephen J. ( ) : Psychologue écologiste et cognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la mémoire et de l'intelligence des enfants. Il s'intéresse également au processus de communication scientifique et au rôle dans ce processus des comités de lecture. Étudiant de Howe. Collaborateur de Bjork, Bouchard, Brainerd, Bronfenbrenner, Bruck, Cavanagh, Halpern, Loehlin, Loftus, Neisser, Perloff, Sternberg, Urbina, Williams et Williams.
CECI, S.J. (1984). A developmental study of learning disabilities and memory : An algebraic approach to disentangling automaticity and purposivity in development. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 38, 352-371.
CECI, S.J., BAKER, J. & BRONFENBRENNER, U. (1987). Memory development and ecological complexity : The case of prospective memory. In M. Perlmutter & F. Weinert (Eds.), Individual differences and universal changes in memory development research. Hillsdale NJ : Erlbaum.
CECI, S.J. (1990). The relationship between microlevel and macrolevel processing : Some arguments against reductionism. Intelligence, 14, 1-9.
CECI, S.J. (1991). How much does schooling influence general intelligence and its cognitive components ? A reassessment of the evidence. Developmental Psychology, 27, 703-722.
CECI, S.J. & WILLIAMS, W.M. (2010). Sex differences in math-intensive fields. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19 (5), 275-279. [PDF]
WILLIAMS, W.M. (2004). A biography of Stephen J. Ceci. In C.B. Fisher & R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Applied developmental science encyclopedia (pp. 213-215). Sage publications.
Cécité : Trouble de la vision qui se caractérise par une incapacité à voir, totale ou partielle. Blindness, low vision.
   
SUPRA, M., COTZIN, M.E. & DALLENBACH, K.M. (1944). "Facial vision" : The perception of obstacles by the blind. American Journal of Psychology, 57, 133-183.  
WORCHEL, P. & DALLENBACH, K.M. (1947). "Facial vision" : Perception of obstacles by the deaf-blind. American Journal of Psychology, 60, 502-553. GOUGOUX, F., LEPORE, F., LASSONDE, M., VOSS, P., ZATTORE, R. & BELIN, P. (2004). Neuropsychology : pitch discrimination in the early blind. Nature, 430, 309-310.[PDF]
WORCHEL, P. (1951). Space perception and orientation in the blind. Psychological Monographs : General & Applied, 65 (15, Whole No. 332), 1-28.
LANDAU, B., GLEITMAN, H. & SPELKE, E.S. (1981). Spatial knowledge and geometrical representation in a child blind from birth. Science, 213, 1275-1278.
LANDAU, B., SPELKE, E.S. & GLEITMAN, H. (1984). Spatial knowledge in a young blind child. Cognition, 16, 225-260. GERUSCHAT, D.R. & HASSAN, S.E. (2005). Driver Behavior in Yielding to Sighted and Blind Pedestrians at Roundabouts. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 99 (5), 286-302.
CORNOLDI, C., BERTUCCELLI, B., ROCCHI, P. & SBRANA, B. (1993). Processing capacity limitations in pictorial and spatial representations in the totally congenitally blind. Cortex, 29, 675-689. ALARY, F., DUQUETTE, M., GOLDSTEIN, R., CHAPMAN, C.E., VOSS, P., La BUISSONNIÈRE-ARIZA, V. & LEPORE, F. (2009). Tactile acuity in the blind : A closer look reveals superiority over the sighted in some but not all cutaneous tasks. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2037-2043.
THINUS-BLANC, C. & GAUNET, F. (1997). Representation of space in the blind : Vision as a spatial sense ? Psychological Bulletin, 121, 20-42. PTITO, M., MATTEAU, I., GJEDDE, A. & KUPERS, R. (2009). Recruitment of the middle temporal area by tactile motion in congenital blindness. NeuroReport, 20 (6), 543-547.
CASLA, M., BLANCO, F. & TRAVIESO, D. (1999). Haptic perception of geometric illusions by persons who are totally congenitally blind. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 93, 583-588. MARTINIELLO, N. (2012). Navigating the university campus : Considering the accessibility needs of blind and low vision students. Communiqué, 13 (1), 13-16. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Trouble de la vision
Cecité attentionnelle : Voir Attention.
CÉGEP : Voir Collège.
Ceinture de protection (d'un programme de recherche) : Chez Lakatos, principe selon lequel les concepts centraux d'une théorie ne peuvent être directement falsifiés ou vérifiés empiriquement. = ceinture de sécurité théorique. Protective belt.
 
Ceinture de sécurité (Port) : Ceinture de sécurité, accident et conduite automobile. Safety belt, seat belt.
   
FHANER, G. & HANE, M. (1973). Seatbelts : Factors influencing their use : A literature survey. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 5, 27-43. THYER, B.A., GELLER, E.S. (1990). Behavior analysis in the promotion of safety belt use : A review. In M. Hersen, R.M. Eisler & P.M. Miller (Eds.), Progress in behavior modification (Vol. 26, pp. 150-172). Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
FHANER, G. & HANE, M. (1973). Seatbelts : The importance of situational factors. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 5, 267-285. BERRY, T.D. & GELLER, E.S. (1991). A single-subject approach to evaluating vehicle safety belt reminders : Back to basics. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24 (1), 13-22. [PDF]
ROBERTSON, L.S., KELLEY, A.B., O'NEILL, B., WIXOM, C.W., EISWIRTH, R.S. & HADDON, W. (1974). A controled study of the effect of television messages on safety belt use. American Journal of Public Health, 64, 1071-1080. [PDF] GELLER, E.S. (1991). War on the highways : An international tragedy. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24 (3), 3-7. [PDF]
ROBERTSON, L.S. (1975). Safety belt use in automobiles with starter-interlock and buzzer-light reminder systems. American Journal of Public Health, 65, 1319-1325. BERRY, T.D. & GELLER, E.S., CALEF, R.S. & CALEF, R.S. (1992). Moderating effects of social assistance on verbal interventions to promote safety belt use. An analysis of weak plys. Environment & Behavior, 24, 653-669.
MATHEWS, R.M. & DIX, M. (1992). Behavior change in the funny papers : feedback to cartoonists on safety belt use. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25 (4), 769-775. [PDF]
ElLMAN, D. & KILLBREW, T.J. (1978). Incentives and seat belts : Changing a resistant behavior through extrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Social Psyhology, 8, 72-83. WILLIAMS, A.F., REINFURT, D.F. & WELLS, J.K. (1996). Increasing seat belt use in North Carolina. Journal of Safety Research, 27, 33-41.
GELLER, E.S., CASALI, J.G. & JOHNSON, R.P. (1980). Seat-belt usage : A potential target for applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 13 (4), 94-100. [PDF] MALENFANT, J.E.L., WELLS. J.K., VAN HOUTEN, R. & WILLIAMS, A.F. (1996). The use of feedback to increase observed daytime seat belt use in two cities in North Carolina. Accident Analysis & Revention, 28, 771-777.
NAU, P.A. & VAN HOUTEN, R. (1981-82). The effects of prompts, feedback and an advertising campaign on the use of safety belts by automobile drivers in Nova Scotia. Journal of Environmental Systems, 11, 351-361. WILLIAMS, A., REINFURT, D.W. & WELLS, J.K. (1996). Increasing seat belt use in North Carolina. Journal of Safety Research, 27, 33-41.
GELLER, E.S., JOHNSON, R.P. & PELTON, S.L. (1982). Community-based interventions for encouraging safety belt use. American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, 183-195. ENGERMAN, J. A., AUSTIN, J. & BAILEY, J.S. (1997). Prompting patron safety belt use at a supermarket. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30 (3), 577-579. [PDF]
GELLER, E.S., PATERSON, L. & TALBOTT, E. (1982). A behavioral analysis of incentive prompts for motivating seat belt use. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 15, 403-413. [PDF] WILLIAMS, A.F., WELLS, J.K., McCARTT, A.T. & REUSSER, D.F. (2000). "Buckle up now !" An enforcement program to achieve high belt use. Journal of Safety Research, 31, 195-201.
GELLER, E.S. (1983). Rewarding safety belt usage at an industrial setting : Tests of treatment generality and response maintenance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 16 (2), 43-56. [PDF] DINH-ZARR, T.B., SLEET, D.A., SHULTS, R.A., ZAZA, S., ELDER, R.W. & NICHOLS, J.L. (2001). Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety belts. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21, 48-65.
GELLER, E.S. & HAHN, H.A. (1984). Promoting safety belt use at industrial sites : An effective program for blue collar employees. Professional Psychology : Research and Practice, 15, 533-564.
JOHNSON, R.P. & GELLER, E.S. (1984). Contingent versus noncontingent rewards for promoting seat belt usage. Journal of Community Psychology, 12, 113-122. WELLS, J.K., MALENFANT, L., WILLIAMS, A.F. & VAN HOUTEN, R. (2000). Use of a community program to increase seat belt use among shopping center patrons in Charlotte, North Carolina. Journal of Safety Research, 31 (2), 93-99.
GELLER, E.S. (1984). A delayed reward strategy for large-scale motivation of safety belt use : A test of long-term impact. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 16, 457-463.
GELLER, E.S. & BIGELOW, B.E. (1984). Development of corporate incentive programs for motivating safety belt use : A review. Traffic Safety Evaluation Research Review, 3, 21-38.
CAMPBELL, B.J., HUNTER, W.W., GEMMING, M.G. & STEWART, J.R. (1984). Seat belts payof : The use of economic incentives and public information to increase seat belt use in a community. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center. EBY, D.W., FORDYCE, T.A. & VIVODA, J.M. (2002). A comparison of safety belt use between commercial and noncommercial light vehicle occupants. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 34, 285-291.
JONAH, B.A. & GRANT, B.A. (1985). Long-term effectiveness of selective traffic enforcement programs for increasing seat belt use. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 257-263. WILLIAMS, A.F. & WELLS, J.K. (2004). The role of enforcement programs in increasing seat belt use. Journal of Safety Research, 35 (2), 175-180.
RUDD, J.R. & GELLER, E.S. (1985). A university-based incentive program to increase safety belt use : Toward cost-efective institutionalization. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 215-226. VAN HOUTEN, R., MALENFANT, J.E.L., AUSTIN, J. & LEBBON, A. (2005). The effects of a seatbelt-gearshift delay prompt on the seatbelt use of motorists who do not regularly wear seatbelts. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38 (2), 195-203. [PDF]
GELLER, E.S., BRUFF, C.D. & NIMMER, J.G. (1985). The "flash for life" : A community prompting strategy for safety belt promotion. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18 (4), 145-159. [PDF] CLAYTON, M.C., HELMS, B. & SIMPSON, C. (2006). Active prompting to decrease cell phone use and increase seat belt use while driving. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (3), 341-349. [PDF]
WEINTEIN, N.D., GRUBB, P.D. & VAULTIER, J.S. (1986). Increasing automobile seat belt use : An intervention emphasizing risk susceptibility. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71 (2), 285-290. FARRELL, L.V., COX, M.G. & GELLER, E.S. (2007). Prompting safety-belt use in the context of a belt-use law : The flash-for-life revisited. Journal of Safety Research, 38, 407-411.
THYER, B.A., GELLER, E.S., WILLIAMS, M. & PURCELL, E. (1987). Community-based" flashing" to increase safety-belt use. Journal of Experimental Education, 55, 155-159. CLAYTON, M.C. & HELMS, B. (2009). Increasing seat belt use on a college campus : An evaluation of two prompting procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42 (1), 161-164. [PDF]
VAN HOUTEN, R. & MALENFANT, J.E.L. (1988). The effects of nighttime seat belt enforcement on seat belt use by tavern patrons : A preliminary analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 21 (3), 271-276. [PDF] COX, M.G. & GELLER E.S. (2010). Prompting safety-belt use : Comparative impact on the target behavior and relevant body language. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43 (2), 321-325. [PDF]
GELLER, E.S. KALSHER, M. J., RUDD, J.R. LEHMAN, G.R. (1989). Promoting safety belt use on a university campus : An integration of incentive and commitment strategies. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 3-19.
 
Voir aussi Syndrome-postraumatique, Blessure, Accident de voiture et Alcool
Célébrité : Voir Vedette. Star.
Célibat : Célibataire ( ) : Statut social de celui ou celle qui vit seul, sans conjoint (mais pas nécessairement sans enfant). Célibat, vie de couple et mariage. /couple.
   
 DICKINSON R. L. & BEAM, L. (1934). The single woman. Oxford: Williams & Wilkins. SCHUTZ, A., HERTEL, J., DEPAULO, B.M., MORRIS, W.L. & STUCKE, T.S. (2007). She’s single, so what ? How are singles perceived compared with people who are in romantic relationships ? Journal of Family Research, 9, 139-158.
 STEIN, P.J. (1976). Single. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall. HERTEL, J., SCHÜTZ, A. DEPAULO, B.M., MORRIS, W.L. & STRUCKE, T.J. (2007. She’s single, so what ? Journal of Family Research, 19 (2), 139-158. [PDF]
 CARGAN, L. (1981). Singles : An examination of two stereotypes. Family Relations, 30, 377-385. MORRIS, W.L., SINCLAIR, S. & DEPAULO, B.M. (2007). No shelter for singles : The perceived legitimacy of marital status discrimination. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 10, 457-470.
 ZAJICEK A.M. & KOSKI, P.R. (2003). Strategies of resistance to stigmatization among white middle-class singles. Sociological Spectrum, 23, 377-403. MORRIS, W.L., DEPAULO, B.M., HERTEL, J. & AYLOR L.C. (2008). Singlism : another problem that has no name : Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination against singles. In M.A. Morrison & T.G. Morrison (Eds.), The psychology of modern prejudice (pp. 165-194). New York : Nova Science Publishers.
DEPAULO, B.M. & MORRIS, W.L. (2005). Singles in society and in science. Psychological Inquiry, 16, 57-83. DEPAULO, B.M. (2012). Single, no children : Who is your family ? In A. Vangelisti (Ed.), Routledge handbook of family communication (pp. 190-204). New York : Routledge.
DEPAULO, B.M. & MORRIS, W.L. (2005). Should singles and the scholars who study them make their mark or stay in their place ? Psychological Inquiry, 16, 142-149. CASPER, W.J. & DEPAULO, B.M. (2012). A new layer to inclusion : Creating singles-friendly work environments. In N.P. Reilly, A. Gorman & M.J. Sirgy (Eds.), Work and quality of life : Ethical practices in organizations (pp. 217-234). New York : Springer.
DEPAULO, B.M. & MORRIS, W.L. (2006). The unrecognized stereotyping and discrimination against people who are single. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 251-254.

Voir aussi Réseau et Solitude
Cellérier Guy (1935-) : Psychologue cognitiviste européen d'origine suisse. Étudiant de Piaget. Collaborateur d'Inhelder et Papert.
CELLÉRIER, G., PAPERT, S. et VOYAT, G. (1968). Cybernétique et épistémologie. Paris : Presses Universitaire de France.
CELLÉRIER, G. (1973). Piaget par Guy Célérier. Paris : Presses Universitaire de France.
CELLÉRIER, G. (1987). La psychologie génétique et le cognitivisme. Débat, 5 (47), 116-129.
INHELDER, B. et CELLÉRIER, G. (Dirs.) (1992). Le cheminement des découvertes chez l'enfant : Recherches sur les micro-genèses cognitives. Paris/Neuchâtel : Delachaux et Niestlé.
Cellule : Du latin cellula qui signifie «petite chambre». Il s'agit de la plus petite entité viable et autonome des organismes. Les cellules du cerveau se nomme neurone et cellule gliale. Hooke a découvert (et nommé) cette «petite chambre» mais le premier a avoir décrit sa structure est Van Leeuwenhoeck. En revanche, ces deux savants ne comprenaient pas vraiment le rôle de la cellule; c'est à Schwann que revient le mérite d'avoir décrit les fonctions de base de cette structure essentielle à la vie. ( ): cellule nerveuse, cellule souche. Cell.
 
Types de cellule
Cellule adipeuse Cellule de crise Cellule nerveuse
Cellule cérébrale Cellule gliale Cellule souche
  Cellule de lieu  
 
   
VAN LEEUWENHOEK, A. (1695). Arcana naturae detecta.Delphis Batavorum. [PDF] BYNE, W., LASCO, M.S., KEMETHER, E., SHINWARIA, EDGAR, M.A., MORGELLO S, JONES, L.B. & TOBET, S. (2000). The interstitial nuclei of the human anterior hypothalamus : an investigation of sexual variation in volume and cell size, number and density. Brain Research, 856, 254-258.
HOOKE, R. (1665). Micrographia : or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses. London : J. Martyn and J. Allestry. [PDF]
SCHWANN, T. (1839/42/47). Mikroskopische untersuchungen über die übereinstimmung in der struktur und dem wachstum der tiere und pflanzen/Recherches microscopiques sur la conformité de structure et de croissance des animaux et des plantes. /Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants.
ALTMAN, J. (1963). Autoradiographic investigation of cell proliferation in the brains of rats and cats. Anatomical Record, 145, 573-591. [PDF] MOITA, M.A., ROSIS, S., ZHOU, Y., LEDOUX, J.E. & BLAIR, H.T. (2004). Putting fear in its place : remapping of hippocampal place cells during fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience, 24 (31), 7015-7023.
MARKHAM, M.R. & STODDARD, P.K. (2005). Adrenocorticotropic hormone enhances the masculinity of an electric communication signal by modulating the waveform and timing of action potentials within individual cells. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 8746-8754.
 TRINKAUS, J.P. (1969). Cells into organs. Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ. : Prentice-Hall. GÖTZ, M. & HUTTNER, W.B. (2005). The cell biology of neurogenesis. Nature Reviews : Molecular Cell Biology, 6, 777-788. [PDF]
BYRNE, J.H. (1987). Cellular analysis of associative learning. Physiological Reviews, 67, 329-439. TSAO, D.Y., FREIWALD, W.A., TOOTELL, R.B.H. & LIVINGSTONE, M.S. (2006). A cortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells. Science, 311 (5761), 670-674.
STOSSEL, T.R. (1990). How cells crawl. American Scientist, 78, 408-423. SHORS, T.J. (2008). From stem cells to grandmother cells : How neurogenesis relates to learning and memory. Cell Stem Cell, 3, 253-258.
 SKOTTUN, B.C., DE VALOIS, R.L., GROSOF, D.H., MOVSHON, J.A., ALBRETCHT, D. & BONDS, A.B. (1991). Classifying simple and complex cells on the basis of response modulation. Vision Research, 31 (7/8), 1079-1086. [PDF] VERSPAGEN, B. (2007). Mapping technological trajectories as patent citation networks : A study onthe history of fuel cell research .Advances in Complex Systems, 10, 93-115

ZHANG, J.M., KONKLE, A.T.M., ZUP, S.L. & McCARTHY, M.M. (2008). Impact of sex and hormones on new cells in the developing rat hippocampus : a novel source of sex dimorphism ? European Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (4), 791-800. [PDF]
SAKURAI, Y. (1996). Hippocampal and neocortical cell assemblies encode memory processes for different types of stimuli in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 2809–2819. CURLIK, D.M., DIFEO, G. & SHORS, T.J. (2014). Preparing for adulthood : Thousands upon thousands of new cells are born in the hippocampus during puberty, and most survive with effortful learning. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 1-8. [PDF]
 
CARPENTER, M.B. & SUTIN, J. (1983). Human neuroanatomy. Londres : Williams & Wilkins. Voir aussi Van Leeuwenhoeck, Gamète et Neurone  
Cellule adipeuse :
 
Cellule cérébrale : Voir Neurone et Cellule gliale.
   
Voir aussi Neurone et Cellule gliale
Cellule de crise :
 
Cellule gliale : Cellules du cerveau qui constituent le milieu ambiant d'un neurone. Elles jouent un rôle dans le maintien de l'homéostasie des neurones. Elles contribuent également à la production de la myéline qui entoure leur axone, dans la protection du tissu nerveux, notamment en combattant les agents infectieux et en assurant l'apport en oxygène et en nutriment. Dans le cerveau, ces cellules seraient aussi nombreuses que les neurones. = nevroglie, astrocyte, gli. Glia, neuron-glia.
   
JESSEN, K.R. & MIRSKY, R. (1980). Glial cells in the enteric nervous system contain glial fibrillary acidic protein. Nature, 286 (5774), 736-767. SANTELLO, M., CALI, C. & BEZZI, P. (2012). Gliotransmission and the tripartite synapse. Advances in Experimental Medicine & Biology, 970, 307-331.
VON BARTHELD, C.S., BAHNEY, J. & HERCULANO-HOUZEL, S. (2016). The search for true numbers of neurons and glial cells in the human brain : A review of 150 years of cell counting. The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 524 (18), 3865-3895.
MAGISTRETTI, P.J. (2006). Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity. Journal of Experimental Biology, 209, 2304-2311. AGID, Y. & MAGISTRETTI, P. (2018). L'homme glial : une révolution dans les sciences du cerveau. Paris : Odile Jacob.
OSSIPOW, V. & PELLISSIER, F. (2007). Cellules gliales, l'éveil de la majorité silencieuse. Biofutur, 277, 24-27. FAN, X. & AGID, Y. (2018). At the origin of the history of glia. Neuroscience, 385, 255-271.
AGID, Y. & MAGISTRETTI, P. (2019). L'autre moitié du cerveau : les cellules gliales. Médecine/Sciences, 5, 199-200. [PDF]

Voir aussi Cellule, Neurone et Astrocyte
Cellule de lieu : Neurone pyramidal situé dans l'hippocampe qui s'active losrqu'un organisme pénètre dans un lieu familier. Place cell.
   
O'KEEFE, J. & DOSTROVSKY, J. (1971). The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat. Brain Research, 34, 171-175.
O'KEEFE, J. (1976). Place units in the hippocampus of freely moving rat. Experimental Neurology, 51, 78-109. FENTON, A.A., CSIZMADIA, G. & MULLER, R.U. (2000). Conjoint control of hippocampal place cell firing by two visual stimuli. I. The effects of moving the stimuli on firing field positions. Journal of General Physiology, 116, 191-209.
O'KEEFE, J. & CONWAY, D.H. (1978). Hippocampal place units in the frely moving rat : why they fire where they fire. Experimental Brain Research, 32, 573-590. [PDF] FENTON, A.A., CSIZMADIA, G. & MULLER, R.U. (2000). Conjoint control of hippocampal place cell firing by two visual stimuli. II. A vector-field theory that predicts modifications of the representation of the environment. Journal of General Physiology, 116, 211-221.
O'KEEFE, J. (1979). A review of the hippocampal place cells. Progress in Neurobiology, I3, 419-439. ARLEO, A. & GESTNER, W. (2000). Spatial cognition and neuro-mimetic navigation : a model of hippocampal place cell activity. Biological Cybernetics, 83, 287-299. [PDF]
BREESE, C.R., HAMPSON, R.E. & DEADWYLER, S.A. (1989). Hippocampal place cells : Stere KNIERIM, J.J. (2002). Dynamic interactions between local surface cues, distal landmarks, and intrinsic circuitry in hippocampal place cells. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 6254-6264.
TSODYKS, M. & SEJNOWSKI, T.J. (1995). Associative memory and hippocampal place cells. International Journal of Neural Systems, 6 (S), 81-86. [PDF] MOITA, M.A., ROSIS, S., ZHOU, Y., LEDOUX, J.E. & BLAIR, H.T. (2004). Putting fear in its place : remapping of hippocampal place cells during fear conditioning. Journal of Neuroscience, 24 (31), 7015-7023.
SHEN, J., BARNES, C.A., MCNAUGHTON, B.L., SKAGGS, W.E. & WEAVER, K.L. (1997). The effect of aging on experience-dependent plasticity of hippocampal place cells. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 6769-6782.
EICHENBAUM, H., DUDCHENKO, P.A., WOOD, E., SHAPIRO, M. & TANILA, H. (1999). The hippocampus, memory, and place cells : Is It spatial memory or a memory space ? Neuron, 23, 209-226. [PDF]


Cellule nerveuse : Voir Neurone. Neuron.
Cellule souche : Stem cell.
 
Cellulaire : Voir Téléphone. Telephone, cell phone, mobile, mobile phone, smart phone, mobile device, wireless mobile device.
Censure : Le mot a moins deux significations voisines : a) En thérapie, processus ou mécanisme de répression de certains contenus psychiques jugés gênants ou traumatisants par le malade/patient/client. b) Le concept désigne également les pressions sociales qu'un milieu exerce sur ses membres quand ils ne se conforment pas aux règles ou aux valeurs admises dans ce groupe/société. Cette pression peut prendre de nombreuses formes : appel au silence, suppression de certaines informations, menaces, etc. = refoulement.
 
Types de censure
Censure directe Censure indirecte par le vide Censure volontaire
Censure indirecte/par omission Censure indirecte par la sélection  
 
 
Censure directe : Au sein d'un groupe/organisation, ensemble de mécanismes individuels et sociaux de répression des idées qui consistent à critiquer et à punir l'expression d'idées divergentes aux idées dominantes et donc à encourager seulement les idées convergentes ou celles du bloc au pouvoir. Ces mécanismes sont : l'isolement, l'indifférence, la dérision, dénigrement, le congédiement, la mutation, le blâme (lettre au dossier), etc.
 
Censure indirecte : Au sein d'un groupe/organisation, ensemble de mécanismes individuels et sociaux de répression des idées qui consistent à ignorer une idée (mécanisme indirecte) plutôt que d'en punir l'expression (mécanisme direct). Il existe deux formes de censure indirecte : la censure par le vide et la censure par la sélection. = censure par omission.
 
Censure indirecte par le vide : Mécanisme de censure à l'oeuvre dans certains médias québécois et qui consiste à ne choisir (sélection) comme animateur que des individus dépourvus d'opinion ou d'idées, censurant ainsi indirectement les idées ou les points de vue opposés à ceux de la direction. EX: Les chaînes de télévision engagent de plus en plus d'animateurs neutres ou ignorants sur le plan politique, une pratique qui limite l'expression et le débat des idées et confine de plus en plus les ondes aux potinages, aux nombrilisme du monde des artistes et aux faits divers. = censure indirecte, censure douce, censure par omission.
 
Censure indirecte par sélection : Mécanisme de censure à l'oeuvre dans certains médias et qui consiste à ne choisir (sélection) que des individus qui pensent et appuient les idées du propriétaire du journal ou de la chaîne de télévision, censurant ainsi indirectement, par omission, les autres idées ou points de vue. EX: L'un des grands quotidiens de Montréal n'engage pratiquement que des pro-fédéralistes (sélection), une pratique qui limite l'expression des autres idées (socialistes, écologistes, souverainistes, centristes, conservatrice, etc.). = censure indirecte, effet de sélection, censure par omission
 
Censure volontaire : Stratégie qui consiste à neutraliser sciemment et publiquement l'expression d'une idée.
 
Centerwall Brandon S. (Los Angeles 1954-) : Épidémiologiste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la représentation de la violence en lien avec les médias, notamment la télévision.
CENTERWALL, B.S. (1989). Exposure to television as a cause of violence. Public Communication & Behavior, 2, 1-58.
CENTERWALL, B.S. (1989). Exposure to television as a risk factor for violence. American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, 643-652.
CENTERWALL, B.S. (1991). Homicide and the prevalence of handguns : Canada and the United States, 1976 to 1980. American Journal of Epidemiology, 134 (11), 1245-1260.
CENTERWALL, B.S. (1992). Television and violence. The scale of the problem and where to go from here. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267, 3059-3063.
CENTERWALL, B.S. (1995). Race, socioeconomic status, and domestic homicide. JAMA : The Journal of the American Medical Association, 273 (22), 1755-1758.
Centile : Ensemble des valeurs chiffrées - il y en a 99 - qui forment une distribution, triées en 100 parts égales. Percentile.
  GILLES, A. (1984). Éléments de méthodologie et d'analyse statistique pour les sciences sociales. St-Laurent : Mcgraw-Hill Éditeurs.
Cent plus grands psychologues : Voir Psychologues (Les cent plus grand).
Centra John Anthony (1933-2021) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation, et plus particulièrement de l'évaluation des enseignants et des enseignements.
CENTRA, J.A. (1970). College freshman attitudes toward cheating. The Personnel & Guidance Journal, 48, 366-373.
CENTRA, J.A. (1975). Colleagues as raters of classroom instruction. Journal of Higher Education, 46, 327-337.
CENTRA, J.A. (1993). Reflective faculty evaluation. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
CENTRA, J.A. & GAUBATZ, N.B. (2000). Is there a gender bias in student evaluations of teaching ? Journal of Higher Education, 71 (1), 17-33.
CENTRA, J.A. (2003). Will teachers receive higher student evaluations by giving higher grades and less course work ? Reseach in Higher Education, 44 (5), 495-518. [PDF]
Centre : Le sens de ce mot varie selon qu'il désigne un lieu ou une idée : a) Comme le nom l'indique, le mot centre désigne un lieu relativement précis où se déroule une activité particulière. Il peut s'agir d'un lieu physique ou d'un endroit précis dans un organisme. EX : Les centres de la petite enfance (CPE), le centre du plaisir. Center, pleasure centre. b) Il renvoie également à l'idée que l'on puisse être partagé entre deux idées, à mi-distance entre deux idées opposées et parfois extrêmes. EX : Être au centre politiquement, c'est être ni à gauche, ni à droite. Center.
 
Centres
Centre/Centrisme Centre de la petite enfance Centre du plaisir
  Centre de recherche  
 
   
a
JACQUES, S. (1979). Brain stimulation and reward : "pleasure centers" after twenty-five years. Neurosurgery, 5 (2), 277-283. [PDF]

Voir aussi Centre du plaisir
b
SMITH, R.B. (2003). Political extremism : Left, Center, and Right. The American Sociologist, 34 (1/2), 70-80.

Voir aussi Gauche et Droite
Centre : Centrisme :
 
Centre de la petite enfance (CPE) : Type de garderie qui met l'accent sur le développement cognitif et social. Centre de la petite enfance, garderie et maternelle.
 
Centre de recherche : Désigne un lieu, souvent situé dans une université (mais pas nécessairement) où se concentrent les activités de recherche d'une équipe de scientifique. Centre de recherche, chaire et laboratoire.
 
Centre du plaisir : Expression qui désigne un lieu précis dans le cerveau - le neurocircuit de récompense/renforcement - découvert par Olds et Milner, et où résiderait le mécanisme de sensation du plaisir qui serait à l'origine de l'effet de récompense/renforcement. Pleasure centers, cerebral localization of pleasure, pleausre circuit, reward circuit.
 
OLDS, J. & MILNER, P.M. (1955). Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 47, 419-427.
JACQUES, S. (1979). Brain stimulation and reward : "pleasure centers" after twenty-five years. Neurosurgery, 5 (2), 277-283. [PDF]
BAUMEISTER, A.A. (2006). Serendipity and the cerebral localization of pleasure. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 15, 92-98. [PDF]

Cepeda Nicholas J. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la mémoire. = Melody Wiseheart. Collaborateur de Carpenter, Pashler, Rohrer et Wixted.
CEPEDA, N.J., CEPEDA, M.L. & KRAMER, A.F. (2000). Task switching and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 213-226
CEPEDA, N.J., KKRAMER, A.F. & GONZALEZ DE SATHER, J.C. (2001). Changes in executive control across the life span : Examination of task switching performance. Developmental Psychology, 37, 715-730.
CEPEDA, N.J. & MUNAKATA, Y. (2007). Why do children perseverate when they seem to know better : Graded working memory, or directed inhibition ? Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 1058-1065.
CEPEDA, N.J., BLACKWELL, K.A. & MUNAKATA, Y. (2013). Speed isn't everything : Complex processing speed measures mask individual differences and developmental changes in executive control. Developmental Science, 16 (2), 269-86. [PDF]
WISEHEART, M., D'SOUZA, A.A. & CHAE, J. (2017). Lack of spacing effects during piano learning. PLoS ONE, 12, 1-13. [PDF]
Cercle : Groupe d'intellectuels ou de scientifiques formé autour d'un thème, d'un problème, d'une perspective.
 
Cercles
Cercle de Berlin Cercle de Vienne Cercle linguistique de Prague
Cercle de performance Cercle linguistique de Copenhague
 
Cercle de Berlin : Petit groupe de scientifiques et d'épistémologues formé en 1928 autour des travaux de Reichenbach. ( ): Hempel, Hilbert, Reichenbach, Von Mises et Grelling. Society for Empirical Philosophy.
 
Cercle de performance : Quality circle.
  THOMPSON, P.C. (1982). Quality circles at Martin Marietta Corporation, Denver Aerospace/Michoud Division. In R. Zager & M. Rosow (Eds.), The innovative organization (pp. 3-20). New York : Pergamon.
Cercle de Vienne : Groupe de scientifiques et d'épistémologues formé en 1925 autour de Schlick. Ils se donnent notamment pour mandat d'exclure les considérations métaphysiques du discours scientifique. Ce cercle, devenu par la suite une association, est à l'origine du positivisme logique. Vienna circle.
 
KOLAKOWSKI, L. (1972). Positivist Philosophy : From Hume to the Vienna Circle. Middlesex : Penguin.
SOULEZ, A. (Dir.) (1985). Manifeste du Cercle de Vienne et autres écrits. Paris : Presses universitaires de France.
SEBESTIK, J. et SOULEZ, A. (Dir.) (1986). Le Cercle de Vienne : Doctrines et controverses. Méridiens Klincksieck.
STADLER, F. (2001/2015). The Vienna circle : Studies in the origins, development, and influence of logical empiricism. Dordrecht : Springer.

LEAHEY, H.T. (1987). A history of psychology. New Jersey : Prentice-Hall.
Cercle linguistique de Copenhague : Groupe de linguistes qui s'est constitué autour des travaux de Saussure. ( ): Hjelmslev, Saussure, Togeby.


  LEAHEY, H.T. (1987). A history of psychology. New Jersey : Prentice-Hall.
Cercle linguistique de Prague : Groupe de linguistes russes et tchèques formé en 1926. ( ): Benveniste, Jakobson, Jones, Martinet, Mathesius, Trnka, Troubetskoï, Vachek.
  LEAHEY, H.T. (1987). A history of psychology. New Jersey : Prentice-Hall.
Cerf : Animal de la classe des mammifères. = (Cervus elaphus L.)
   
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H., ALBON, S.D. GIBSON, R.M. & GUINESS, F.E. (1979). The logical stag : adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.). Animal Behaviour, 27, 211-225. THOULESS, C.R. (1990). Feeding competition between grazing red deer hinds. Animal Behaviour, 40, 105-111.
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H., ALBON, S.D. & GUINESS, F.E. (1986). Great expectations : dominance, breeding success and offspring sex ratios in red deer. Animal Behaviour, 34, 460-471. [PDF] CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H. & LONERGAN, M. (1994). Culling regimes and sex ratio biases in highland red deer. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 521-527. [PDF]
MECH, L.D., MCROBERTS, R.E., PETERSON, R.O. & PAGE, R.E. (1987). Relationship of deer and moose populations to previous winters’ snow. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, 615-627. VINCENT, J. P., BIDEAU, E., HEWISON, A.J.M. & ANGIBAULT, J.M. (1995). The influence of increasing density on body weight, kid production, home range and winter grouping in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Journal of Zoology, 236, 371-382.
 GEIST, V. (1988). Deer of the World. Mechanicsburg, Pa., Stackpole Books. PUTMAN, R.J., LANGBEIN, J., HEWISON, A.J.M. & SHARMA, S.K. (1996). Relative roles of density-dependent and density-independent factors in population dynamics of British deer. Mammal Review, 26, 81-101.

Voir aussi Animal
Cerebral Cortex : Revue scientifique de neuroanatomie et de neuropsychologie. Éditeur : Oxford Journals.
JOANISSE, M.F. ZEVIN, J.D. & McCANDLISS, B.D. (2007). Brain mechanisms implicated in the preattentive categorization of speech sounds revealed using fMRI and short interval habituation trials. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2084-2093. [PDF]
 
Cérébrolésés : Individu souffrant d'une lésion cérébrale.
 
Cercopithèque : Animal de l'ordre des primates. = (Cercopithecus mona ). Cercopithecus.
   
GLENN, M.E. (1997). Group size and group composition of the mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) on the island of Grenada, West Indies. American Journal of Primatology, 43, 167–173. GLENN, M.E. & BENSEN, K.J. (2008). Capture techniques and morphologic measurements of the Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona) on the island of Grenada, West lndies. American Journal of Physical Anthpology, 105, 481-491.
GLENN, M.E. (1998). Population density of Cercopithecus mona on the Caribbean island of Grenada. Folia Primatology, 69, 167–171.


Voir aussi Primate et Animal
Certification : Certifier : La certification se fait en deux étapes : 1) Vérification, au moyen de standards, de la qualité d'un bien ou d'un service et 2) Communication, à plus ou moins large échelle selon le cas, des résultats de cette vérification.
 
HAWK, P., COBLE, C.R. & SWANSON, M. (1985). Certification : It does matter. Journal of Teacher Education, 36 (3), 13-15.
HAMMOND-DARLING, L. (1992). Teaching and knowledge : Policy issues posed by alternative certification for teachers. Peabody Journal of Education, 67 (3), 123-154.

Certitude : Se dit d'une proposition dont la véracité ne fait (quasiment) aucun doute. Parfois, on parle de degré de certitude pour décrire jusqu'à quel point on doute de ce que l'on sait ou croit savoir. On peut exprimer une certitude de manière subjective (forte intuition, forte impression) ou de manière objective (probabilité élevée). /incertitude, doute. Certainty.
 
YOUNG, J.Z. (1950). Doubt and certainty in science : A biologist’s reflections on the brain. Oxford : Claredon Press.
FIRTH, R. (1964). Coherence, certainty, and epistemic priority. The Journal of Philosophy, 61, 545-557.
TIBERGHIEN, G. (1971). Certitude et mémoire. Paris : Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
TIBERGHIEN, G. (1971). La certitude : Esquisse historique et théorique d'un concept. Psychologie Française, 16, 67-87.
TIBERGHIEN, G., DENHIÈRE, G. & VERSTIGGEL, J-C. (1972). Influence de l'incertitude objective et du système de coûts sur la latence et la certitude dans une situation de jugement prédictif. L'Année Psychologique, 72, 319-336.
VERDAN, A. (1991). Karl Popper ou la connaissance sans certitude. Lausanne : Presses polytechniques et universitaires romandes.
MAZUR, J.E. (2004). Risky choice : Selecting between certain and uncertain outcomes. Behavior Analysis Today, 5, 190-203.

Voir aussi Véracité et Probabilité
Cerutti Daniel T. (1953-2007) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'apprentissage. Étudiant de Catania. Collaborateur de Galizio, Pitts, Rumbaugh, Staddon et Thompson.
CERUTTI, D.T. & CATANIA, A.C. (1986). Rapid determinations of preference in multiple-concurrent chain schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46 (2), 211-218. [PDF]
CERUTTI, D.T. (1989). Discrimination theory of rule-governed behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51 (2), 259-276. [PDF]
CERUTTI, D.T. & RUMBAUGH, D.M. (1993). Stimulus relations in comparative primate perspective. Psychological Record, 43, 811-821.
CERUTTI, D.T. & CATANIA, A.C. (1997). Pigeons’ preference for free choice : Number of keys versus key area. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 68 (3), 349-356. [PDF]
CERUTTI, D.T. & STADDON, J.E.R. (2004). Immediacy versus delay in the time-left experiment : A test of the cognitive hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 30, 45-57.
Cerveau : Organe du corps. Le cerveau est l'élément principal du système nerveux central. Il est constitué de deux hémisphères cérébraux (droit et gauche) et de structures qui les relient (thalamus, hippocampe, corps mamillaire, amygdale, etc). Le cerveau, le cervelet et le tronc cérébral forment l'encéphale. Cette structure intègre et traite presque toutes les informations qui circulent dans notre corps. L'unité de base du cerveau est le neurone; on en compte environ cent milliards. = prosencéphale. /cerveau virtuel. Brain.
 
Cerveau
Cerveau et mythes Cerveau humain Cerveau triunique
Cerveau divisé Cerveau limbique Cerveau virtuel
Cerveau émotionnel Cerveau reptilien Division du cerveau
Cerveau et substance (matière) Néo-cerveau (Néo-cortex)  Taille du cerveau
 
   
 
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JOEL, D. & YANKEVICH-YAHAV, R. (2014). Reconceptualizing sex, brain and psychopathology : interaction, interaction, interaction. British Journal of Pharmacology, 171, 4620-4635.
PLETSCHIG, J., PENKE, L., WICHERTS, J.M., ZELLER, M. & VORACEK, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of associations between human brain volume and intelligence differences : How strong are they and what do they mean ? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 411-432. [PDF]
JORDAN-YOUNG, R.M. (2016). Hormones, sexe et cervau. Paris : Belin. / Brainstorm : The flaws in the science of sexe differences. Harvard University Press.
 
Voir aussi Système nerveux central et Hémisphères cérébraux
Cerveau (Mythes) : Ensemble des mythes concernant le cerveau et son fonctionnement. Mythe sur le cerveau et Neuromythe. brain mythe, Brain fiction.
   
HOFMAN, M.A. & SWAAB, D.F. (1991). Sexual dimorphism of the human brain : myth and reality. Experimental & Clinical Endocrinology, 98 (2), 161-170. [PDF] LEVINTHAL, A. & MARTELL, C.R. (2006). The myth of depression as disease : Limitations and alternatives to drugs. New York : Praeger.
GOSWANI, U. (2006). Neuroscience and education : from research to practice ? Nature Reviews Nueroscience, 7, 406-413.
BISHOP, K.M. & WALHSTEN, D. (1997). Sex difference in the human corpus callosum : Myth or reality ? Neuroscience Behavioral Review, 21, 581-601. [PDF] CORBALLIS, M.C. (2007). The dual-brain myth. In S.D. Sala (Ed.), Tall tales about the mind and brain : separating fact from fiction. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
HIGBEE, K.L. & CLAY, S.L. (1998). College students’ beliefs in the ten-percent myth. Journal of Psychology, 132, 469-476. MONCRIEFF, J. (2008). The myth of the chemical cure : A critique of psychiatric drug treatment. London : Palgrave Macmillan.
GWAKE, J.G. (2008). Neuromythologies in education. Educational Research, 50, 123-133.
RADFORD, B. (1999). The ten-percent myth. Skeptical Inquirer (Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal). [LIRE] IOANNIDIS, J. (2008). Effectiveness of antidepressants : an evidence myth constructed from a thousand randomized trials ? Philosophy, Ethics & Humanities in Medicine, 3, 14. [PDF]
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LILIENFELD, S.O. LYNN, S.J., RUSCIO, J. & BEYERSTEIN, B.L. (2009). 50 great myths of popular psychology : Shattering widespread misconceptions about human behavior. Wiley-Blackwell.
TARDIF, É. et DOUDIN, P.-A. (2010). Neurosciences, neuromythes et sciences de l'éducation. Prisme (revue pédagogique de la Haute École Pédagogique de Lausanne, Suisse), 12, 11-14.
LINDELL, A.K & KIDD, E. (2011). Why right-brain teaching is half- witted : a critique of the misapplication of neuroscience to education. Mind, Brain, & Education, 5, 121-127.
BRUER, J.T. (1998). Brain science, brain fiction. Educational Leadership, 56 (3), 14-18. PASQUINELLI, E. (2012). Neuromyths : why do they exist and persist ? Mind, Brain, & Education, 6, 89-96.
BEYERSTEIN, B.L. (1999). Whence cometh the myth that we only use ten percent of our brains ? In, S. Della Sala (Ed.), Mind myths : Exploring popular assumptions about the mind and brain (pp. 1-24). Chichester, UK : John Wiley and Sons., Ltd. DEKKER, S., LEE, N.C., HOWARD-JONES, P. & JOLLES, J. (2012). Neuromyths in education : Prevalence and predictors of misconceptions among teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 1-8. [PDF]
JUNG, R.E., YEO, R.A., CHIULLI, S.J., SIBBITT, W.L. & BROOKS, W.M. (2000). Myths of neuropsychology : Intelligence, neurometabolism, and cognitive ability. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 14 (4), 535-545. HOWARD-JONES, P.A. (2014). Neuroscience and education : Myths and messages. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 15 (12), 817-824. [PDF]
CORBALIS, M.C. (2014). Left brain, right brain : Facts and fantasies. PLoS Biology, 12 (1), e1001767.
KARAKUS, O., HOWARD-JONES, P. & JAY, T. (2015). Primary and secondary school teachers' knowledge and misconceptions about the brain in Turkey. Procedia - Social & Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1933-1940.
HERCULANO-HOUZEL, S. (2002). Do you know your brain ? A survey on public neuroscience literacy at the closing of the decade of the brain. Neuroscientist 8, 98–110. MASSON, S. (2015). Les apports de la neuroéducation à l'enseignement : des neuromythes aux découvertes actuelles. Approche Neuropsychologique des Apprentissages chez l'Enfant, 134, 11-22.
KIRSCHNER, P.A. & DE BRUYCKERE, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching & Teacher Education, 67, 135-142. [PDF]

MACDONALD, K., GERMINE, L., ANDERSON, A., CHRISTODOULOU, J. & MCGRATH, L.M. (2017). Dispelling the myth : Training in education or neuroscience decreases but does not eliminate beliefs in neuromyths. Frontiers of Psychology, 8, [1314], 1-15. [PDF]
OKAFOR, I.A., OKPARA, U.D. & IBEABUCHI, C. (2022). The reproductive functions of the human brain regions : A systematic review. Journal of Human Reproductive, 15 (2), 102-114. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Cerveau, Neuromythe, Phénomène paranormal et Mythe
 
Cerveau (Taille/Volume) : Brain size, human brain volume, size variations in the brain, volumetric asymmetries of the human brain.
   
AUBERTIN, E. (1861). Reprise de la discussion sur la forme et le volume du cerveau. Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris, 2, 209–220.
PENNINGTON, B.F., FILIPEK, P.A., LEFLY, D. & CHHABILDAS, N., KENNEDY, D.N., SIMON, J.H., FILLEY, C.M., GALABURDA, A. & DeFRIES, J.C. (2000). ). A twin study of size variations in the human brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12 (1), 223-232. [PDF]
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PASSINGHAM, R.E. (1979). Brain size and intelligence in man. Brain, Behavior, & Evolution, 16, 253-270.
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ANKNEY, C.D. (1992). Sex difference in relative brain size : The mismeasure of woman, too ? Intelligence, 16, 329-336. McDANIEL, M.A. (2005). Big-brained people are smarter : A meta-analysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence. Intelligence, 33 (4), 337-346.
RUSHTON, J.P. (1992). Cranial capacity related to sex, rank and race in a stratified sample of 6,325 military personnel. Intelligence, 16, 401-413. NYBORG, H. (2005). Sex-related differences in general intelligence g, brain size, and social status. Personality & Individual Differences, 39, 497-509. [PDF]
RUSHTON, J.P. (1993). Corrections to a paper on race and sex difference in brain size and intelligence. Personality & Individual Differences, 15 (2), 229-231. [PDF] NARR, K.L., WOODS, R.P., THOMPSON, P.M., SZESZKO, P., ROBINSON, D., DIMTCHEVA, T., GURBANI, M., TOGA, A.W. & BILDDER, R.M. (2007). Relationships between IQ and regional cortical gray matter thickness in healthy adults. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2163-2171.
RUSHTON, J.P. (1994). Sex and race differences in cranial capacity from International Labour Office data. Intelligence, 19, 281-294.
WAICERRR, J.C., VERNON, P.A. & LEE, D.H. (1994). In vivo brain size, head perimeter, and intelligence in a sample of healthy adult females. Personality & Individual Differences, 16, 831-838. NYBORG, H. (2007). Intelligence, hormones, sex, brain size and biochemistry : It all needs to have equal causal standing before integration is possible. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 30, 164-165.
LYNN, R. (1994). Sex differences in intelligence and brain size : A paradox resolved. Personality & Individual, Differences, 17, 257-271. RUSTON, J.P. & ANKNEY, C.D. (2009). Whole brain size and general mental ability : a review. International Journal of Neuroscience, 119, 691-731. [PDF]
ANKNEY, C.D. (1995). Sex difference in brain size and mental abilities : Comments on R. Lynn and Benbow, C.P. Personality & Individual Differences, 18, 423-424. LUDERS, E., TOGA, A.W., LEPORE, N. & GASER, C. (2009). The underlying anatomical correlates of long-term meditation : Larger hippocampal and frontal volumes of gray matter. NeuroImage, 45 (3), 672-678. [PDF]
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LYNN, R. (1999). Sex difference in intelligence and brain size : A developmental theory. Intelligence, 27 (1), 1-12. PLETSCHIG, J., PENKE, L., WICHERTS, J.M., ZELLER, M. & VORACEK, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of associations between human brain volume and intelligence differences : How strong are they and what do they mean ? Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 411-432. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Dimorphisme, Différence sexuelle/Cerveau et Cerveau
GOULD, S.J. (1996/7). The mismeasure of Man / La mal-mesure de l'homme. Paris : Odile Jacob/W.W. Norton.  
Cerveau divisé : Split-brain, separated hemispheres.
   
GLICKSTEIN, M. & SPERRY, R.W. (1959). Intermanual transfer of somesthetic discriminations in split-brain Rhesus monkeys. Physiologist, 2, 45-46. LEDOUX, J.E., WILSON, D.H. & GAZZANIGA, M.S. (1977). A divided mind : observation conscious properties of the separated hemispheres. Annals of Neurology, 2, 417-421. [PDF]
SCHRIER, A.M. & SPERRY, R.W. (1959). Visuomotor integration in split-brain cats. Science, 129, 1275-1276. ZAIDEL, E. (1978). Concepts of cerebral dominance in the split brain. In P. Buser & A. Rougeul (Eds.), Cerebral correlates of conscious experience (pp. 263-284). Amsterdam : Elsevier.
GLICKSTEIN, M. & SPERRY, R.W. (1960). Intermanual somesthetic transfer in split-brain Rhesus monkeys. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 53, 322-327. BOGEN, J.E. (1986). Split-brain basics : Relevance for the concept of one's other mind. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 28 (2), 341-369.
LASSONDE, M. & JEEVES, M. (Eds.) (1994). Callosal agenesis : A natural split brain ? New York : Plenum Press.
LEE-TENG, E. & SPERRY, R.W. (1966). Intermanual stereognostic size discrimination in split-brain monkeys. Journal of Comparative & Physiological, 62, 84-89. GAZZANIGA, M.S. (1995). Principles of human brain organization derived from split-brain studies. Neuron, 14, 217-228. [PDF]

IACOBONI, M. & ZAIDEL, E. (1995). Channels of the corpus callosum. Evidence from simple reaction times to lateralized flashes in the normal and the split brain. Brain, 118 (3), 779-788.
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UDDIN, L.Q., RAYMAN, J. & ZAIDEL, E. (2005). Split-brain reveals separate but equal self-recognition in the two cerebral hemispheres. Consciousness & Cognition 14 (3), 633-640.
GAVALES, R. & SPERRY, R.W. (1969). Central integration of visual half fields in split-brain monkeys. Brain Research, 15, 97-106. UDDIN, L.Q., MOOSHAGIAN, E., ZAIDEL, E. & SCHERES, A. (2008). Residual functional correlation in the split-brain revealed with resting-state functional MRI. Neuroreport, 19 (7), 703-709.


Voir aussi Cerveau
CARPENTER, M.B. & SUTIN, J. (1983). Human neuroanatomy. Londres : Williams & Wilkins.
Cerveau émotionnel : = cerveau affectif. Emotional brain.
 
LEDOUX, J.E. (2002). The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala. Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology, 23 (4/5), 727-738. [PDF]
LOTSTA, F. (2002). Le cerveau émotionnel ou la neuroanatomie des émotions. Cahiers Critiques de Thérapie Familiale et de Pratiques de Réseaux, 29, 73-86. [PDF]
WAGER, T.D. & OCHSNER, K.N. (2005). Sex differences in the emotional brain. NeuroReport, 16 (2), 85-87. [PDF]
YOO, S.S., GUJAR, N., HU, P., JOLESZ, F.A. & WALKER, M.P. (2007). The human emotional brain without sleep-A prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology, 17, 877-878. [PDF]

PINEL, J. (2007). Biopsychologie. Pearsons.
Cerveau humain : Selon Maclean, ce cerveau serait la plus récente partie du cerveau humain. Ce nouveau cerveau ou "néo-cortex" est apparu chez les primates. Il prend la forme de deux gros hémisphères cérébraux. Chez l'humain, il assure les fonctions dites nobles ou supérieures, comme la conscience et l'apprentissage du langage, de la pensée abstraite, de la logique, de l’imagination, etc. = cerveau rationnel, néo-cortex, cerveau moderne. Human brain.

 
 MACLEAN, P.D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution : Role in paleocerebral functions. Springer.
ROSENZWEIG, M. et LEIMAN, A.L. (1991). Psychophysiologie. Ville Mont Royal : Décarie.
Cerveau limbique : Selon Maclean, ce cerveau s'est développé chez les premiers mammifères (dont nos premiers ancêtres) après le cerveau reptilien. Il est apparu chez les premiers mammifères il y a environ 150 millions d'années, et les a rendus capables de mémoriser les expériences agréables ou désagréables, et donc d'éprouver des émotions. Il comprend principalement l’hypothalamus, l’hippocampe, l’amygdale. C’est dans ces sous-structures que seraient stockées nos valeurs, nos opinions, nos idées irrationnelles. = système linbique. Limbic brain.
 
 MACLEAN, P.D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution : Role in paleocerebral functions. Springer.
MORGANE, P.J. & GALLER, J.R. & MOKLER, D.J. (2005). A review of systems and networks of the limbic forebrain/limbic midbrain. Progress in Neurobiology, 75, 143-160. [PDF]
ROSENZWEIG, M. et LEIMAN, A.L. (1991). Psychophysiologie. Ville Mont Royal : Décarie.
Cerveau reptilien : Selon Maclean, ce cerveau serait la plus vieille partie du cerveau humain. Il est apparu chez les poissons il y a environ 500 millions d'années. Il s'acquitte des fonctions vitales de l’organisme et régule la température corporelle, le rythme cardio-vasculaire, l’équilibre, la respiration, etc. Il est composé du tronc cérébral et du cervelet. = cerveau primitif. Reptilian brain.
 
 MACLEAN, P.D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution : Role in paleocerebral functions. Springer.
LIEBERMAN, P. (2003). Human language and our reptilian brain : The subcortical bases of speech, syntax and thought. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.

Voir aussi Maclean
ROSENZWEIG, M. et LEIMAN, A.L. (1991). Psychophysiologie. Ville Mont Royal : Décarie.
Cerveau triunique : Théorie des trois cerveaux développée par Maclean, selon laquelle le cerveau serait divisé en trois structures distinctes, spécialisées mais étroitement reliées entre elles. Apparues successivement chez nos ancêtres, ces sous-structures auraient été lentement façonnées par l'évolution, d'où le vocable cerveau reptilien, cerveau limbique de mammifère et cerveau humain utilisé pour les nommer. Triune brain.
 
 MACLEAN, P.D. (1990). The triune brain in evolution : Role in paleocerebral functions. Springer.
ROSENZWEIG, M. et LEIMAN, A.L. (1991). Psychophysiologie. Ville Mont Royal : Décarie.
Cerveau virtuel : Désigne l'ensemble des processus cognitifs qui permettent à un organisme de traiter l'information et donc de s'adapter au milieu (résolution de problème). Ces processus sont inférés plutôt qu'observés. Les théories de ce domaine de recherche ont pour but d'expliquer le comportement moteur et verbal (pensée), et non le fonctionnement biologique du cerveau réel. Cerveau virtuel, machine binaire et analogie fonctionnelle. = cerveau formel, cerveau cognitif, cerveau computationnel, cerveau analogique. /cerveau biologique. Virtual brain, cognitive brain, computational brain, Conceptuel Nervous System.
   
HEBB, D.O. (1955). Drives and the C.N.S. (Conceptuel Nervous System). Psychological Review, 62, 243-254. [LIRE]  CSÀNYI, V. (1992). The brain's models and communication. In T.A. Sebeok & J. Umiker-Sebeok (Eds.), The semiotic web (pp. 27-43). Berlin : Moyton de Gruyter,
GROSSBERG, S. (1980). How does a brain build a cognitive code ? Psychological Review, 87, 1-51. BUTTERWORTH, B. (1999). The mathematical brain. London : Macmillan.
GROSSBERG, S. (1980). Human and computer rules and representations are not equivalent. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 3, 136-138. SPIVEY, M., RIDCHARSON, D & FITVENA, S. (2004). Thinking outside the brain : Spatial inidices to visual and linguistic information. In J. Henderson & F. Ferreira. (Eds.), The Interface of vision language and action. New York : Psychology Press.
CHURCHLAND, P.S. & SEJNOWSKI, T. (1992). The computational brain. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. LITT, A., ELIASMITH, C., KROON, F.W., WEINSTEIN, S. & THAGARD, P. (2006). Is the brain a quantum computer. Cognitive Science, 30, 593-603. [PDF]

Voir Traiter l'information, Machine binaire et Cerveau
Cervelet : Chez l'humain et l'ensemble des mammifères, partie de l'encéphale qui régit le mouvement volontaire, les activités musculaires toniques de la posture, ainsi que l'équilibre. Il est aussi à l'oeuvre dans l'apprentissage de certains types de réponses simples. Le cervelet est en fait un centre régulateur de la fonction motrice. Il se subdivise en trois parties : l'archéocérébellum, le paléocérébellum et le néocérébellum. Il est relié à la moelle épinière, et au mésencéphale par l’intermédiaire des pédoncules cérébelleux. = petit cerveau. Cerebellum.
   
BREMER, F. (1927). Recherches sur la physiologie du cervelet chez le pigeon. Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie, 28, 58-95. WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S. GOLDENBERG, G., DOWNEY-LAMB, M. M., BOYKO, O.B. & EMIEUX, S.K. (2000). Cerebellar volume in humans related to magnitude of classical conditioning. NeuroReport, 14, 609-615.
MAGOUN, H.W., HARE, W.K. & RANSON, S.W. (1937). Role of cerebellum in postural contractions. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 37 (6), 1237-1250. MIDDLETON, F.A. & STRICK, P.L. (2000). Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops : motor and cognitive circuits. Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews, 31, 236-250.
SPRAGUE, J.M. & CHAMBERS, W.W. (1954). Control of posture by reticular formation and cerebellum in the intact, anesthetized and unanesthetized and in the decerebrated cat. American Journal of Physiology, 17, 652-664. NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. & DEAN, P. (2001). Developmental dyslexia : the cerebellar deficit hypothesis. Trends in Neurosciences, 24 (9), 508-516. [PDF]
GOODALL, G. (1984). Cerebellar involvement in avoidance and escape learning. Brain Research, 6 (2-3), 219-220. ZEFFIRO, T. & EDEN, G. (2001). The cerebellum and dyslexia : Perpetrator or innocent bystander ? : Comment from Thomas Zeffiro and Guinevere Eden to Nicolson et al. Trends in Neurosciences, 24 (9), 512-513.
CLARK, R.E., ZHANG, A.A. & LAVOND, D.G. (1992). Reversible lesions of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus during acquisition and retention of a classically conditioned behavior. Behavioural Neuroscience, 106, 879-888. RAVIZZA, S.M. & IVRY, R.B. (2001). Comparison of the basal ganglia and cerebellum in shifting attention. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13 (3), 285-297.
FAWCETT, A.J., NICOLSON, R.I. & DEAN, P. (1996). Impaired performance of children with dyslexia on a range of cerebellar tasks. Annals of Dyslexia, 46, 259-283. [PDF] VAN MIER, H. & PETERSEN, S.E. (2002). Role of the cerebellum in motor cognition. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 878 (3), 334-353. [PDF]
NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. & DEAN, P. (1995). Time estimation deficits in developmental dyslexia : Evidence for cerebellar involvement. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : Biological Sciences, 259, 43-47. RAE, C., HARASTY, J., DZENDROWSKYJ, T.E., TALCOT, J.B. SIMPSON, J.M., BLAMIRE, A.M., DIXON, R.M., LEE, M.A., THOMPSON, C.H., STYLES, P., RICHARDSON, A.J. & STEIN, J.F. (2002). Cerebellar morphology in developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1285-1292. [PDF]
ALLEN, G., BUXTON, R.B., WONG, E.C. & COURCHESNE, E. (1997). Attentional activation of the cerebellum independent of motor involvement. Science, 275 (5308), 1940-1943. FAWCETT, A.J. & NICOLSON, R.I. (2003). Dyslexia : The role of the cerebellum. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 2 (2), 35-58. [PDF]
DOYON, J., LAFORCE, R., BOUCHARD, G., GAUDREAU, D., ROY, J., POIRIER, M., BÉDARD, F. & BOUCHARD, J.P. (1998). Role of the striatum, cerebellum and frontal lobes in the automatization of a repeated visuomotor sequence of movements. Neuropsychologia, 36 (7), 625-641. LEE, T. & KIM, J.J. (2004). Differential effects of cerebellar, amygdalar, and hippocampal lesions on classical eyeblink conditioning in rats. The Journal of Neuroscience, 24 (13), 3242–3250. [PDF]
SCHMAHMANN, J.D. & SHERMAN, J.C. (1998). The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. Brain, 121 (4), 561-579. [PDF] NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. (2005). Developmental dyslexia, learning and the cerebellum. Journal of Neural Transmission, 69 (S), 19-36.
NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J., BERRY, E.L., JENKINS, H., DEAN, P. & BROOKS, D. (1999). Association of abnormal cerebellar activation with motor learning difficulties in dyslexic adults. The Lancet, 353, 1662-1667. HAUTZEL, H., MOTTAGHY, F.M., SPECHT, K., MÜLLER, H.-W. & KRAUSE, B.J. (2009). Evidence of a modality-dependent role of the cerebellum in working memory ? An fMRI study comparing verbal and abstract n-back tasks. NeuroImage, 47, 2073–2082. [PDF]
NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. (1999). Developmental dyslexia : The role of the cerebellum. Dyslexia, 5, 515-577. [PDF] NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. (2009). Dyslexia, dysgraphia, procedural learning and the cerebellum. Cortex, 47 (1), 117-127.
FAWCETT, A.J. & NICOLSON, R.I. (1999). Performance of dyslexic children on cerebellar and cognitive tests. Journal of Motor Behaviour, 31, 68-78. PONTI, G., CROCIARA, P., ARMENTANO, M. & BONFANTI, L. (2010). Adult neurogenesis without germinal layers : the "atypical" cerebellum of rabbits. Archives Italiennes de Biologie, 148, 147-158. [PDF]

STOODLEY, C.J. & STEIN, J.F. (2011). The cerebellum and dyslexia. Cortex, 47, 101-116. [PDF]

 ROSENZWEIG, M. et LEIMAN, A.L. (1991). Psychophysiologie. Ville Mont Royal : Décarie. Voir aussi Cerveau
Cesario Joseph ( ) : Psychosociologue et épistémologue américain. Collaborateur de Higgins et Navarrete.
CESARIO, J., PLAKS, J.E. & HIGGINS, E.T. (2006). Automatic social behavior as motivated preparation to interact. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 90, 893-910. [PDF]
CESARIO, J., PLAKS, J.E., HAGIWARA, N., NAVARETE, C.D. & HIGGINS, E.T. (2010). The ecology of automaticity : How situational contingencies shape action semantics and social behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 1311-1317. [PDF]
CESARIO, J. & McDONALD, M.M. (2013). Bodies in context : Power poses as a computation of action possibility. Social Cognition, 31, 260-274. [PDF]
CESARIO, J. & NAVARETE, C.D. (2014). Perceptual bias in threat distance : The critical roles of ingroup support and target evaluations in defensive threat regulation. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 5, 12-17. [PDF]
CESARIO, J. (2014). Priming, replication, and the hardest science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9 (1), 40-48. [PDF]
Ceteris paribus : Voir Toutes choses égales par ailleurs.
 
CE - CHAIKEN - CHAÎNE - CHALMERS - CHAM - CHANDLER - CHANGEMENT - CHAPAIS - CHARCOT - CHARGE COGNITIVE - CHAT - CHAU - CHE
Chabris Christopher F. (New York 1966-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude des échecs. Collaborateur de Etcoff, Hearst, Kosslyn, O'Reilly, Malone et Pinker.
CHABRIS, C.F. & KOSSLYN, S.M. (1998). How do the cerebral hemispheres contribute to encoding spatial relations ? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7 (1), 8-14. [PDF]
CHABRIS, C.F. & HEARST, E.S. (2003). Visualization, pattern recognition, and forward search : Effects of playing speed and sight of the position on grandmaster chess errors. Cognitive Science, 27, 637-648. [PDF]
CHABRIS, C.F. & GLIKMAN, M.E. (2006). Sex differences in intellectual performance : Analysis of a large cohort of competitive chess players. Psychological Science, 17 (12), 1040-1046. [PDF]
CHABRIS, C.F., LAIBSON, D.I., MORRIS, C.L., SCHULDT, J.P. & TAUBINSKY, D. (2008). Individual laboratory-measured discount rates predict field behavior. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty, 37 (2-3), 237-269. [PDF]
CHABRIS, C.F., LEE, J.J., BENJAMIN, D.J., BEAUCHAMP, J.P., GLAESER, E.L., BORST, G., PINKER, S. & LAIBSON, D.I. (2013). Why it is hard to find genes associated with social science traits : Theoretical and empirical considerations. American Journal of Public Health, 103 (S1), 152-166. [PDF]
Chacal : Mammifère de la famille des canidés. Jackal.
 
SILLERO-ZUBIRI, C., HOFFMANN, M. & MACDONALD, D.W. (Eds.) (2004). Canids : Foxes, wolves, jackals and dogs. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN.
Chadwick Paul D.J. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste britannique et spécialiste de l'étude de la personnalité paranoïaque, du délire et des hallucinations. Collaborateur de Birchwood et Lowe.
CHADWICK, P.D.J. & LOWE, C.F. (1990). Measurement and modification of delusional beliefs. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 58, 225-232. [PDF]
 CHADWICK, P.D.J. & BIRCHWOOD, M.J. (1994). The omnipotence of voices : A cognitive approach to hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 190-201. [PDF]
CHADWICK, P.D.J. & LOWE, C.F. (1994). A cognitive approach to measuring and modifying delusions. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 32, 355-367.
CHADWICK, P.D.J., BIRCHWOOD, M.J. & TROWER, P. (1996). Cognitive therapy for delusions, voices and paranoia. Chichester, UK : Wiley.
CHADWICK, P.D.J., HUGHES, S., RUSSELL, D., RUSSELL, I. & DAGNA, D. (2009). Mindfulness groups for distressing voices and paranoia : a replication and feasibility trial. Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37, 403-412.
Chagrin : Sentiment désagréable que l'on éprouve à la suite de la perte d'un être cher. Chagrin, perte et deuil. = grand peine, grande tristesse. Grief, sorrow.
 
PARKES, C.M. (1972). Bereavement : Studies of grief in adult life. New York : International Universities Press.
LAROCHE, C., LALINEC-MICHAUD, M., ENGELSMANN, F., FULLER, N., COPP, M., McQUADE-SOLDAROS, L. & AZIMA, R. (1984). Grief reactions to perinatal death : a follow-up study. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 29, 14-19.
SMITH, A.C. & BORGERS, S.B. (1988-1989). Parental grief response to perinatal death. Omega, 19, 203-214.
ZISOOK, S. & LYONS, L. (1989-1990). Bereavement and unresolved grief in psychiatric outpatients. Omega : Journal of Death & Dying, 20 (4), 307-322.
AUSTIN, D. & LENNINGS, C.J. (1993). Grief and religious belief : Does belief moderate depression ? Death studies, 17, 487.
MATTHEWS, L.T. & MARWIT, S.J. (2004). Complicated grief and the trend toward cognitive-behavioral therapy. Death Studies, 28 (9), 849-863.
ROSNER, R., LUMBECK, G. & GEISSNER, E. (2011). Effectiveness of an in patient group therapy for comorbid complicated grief disorder. Psychotherapy Research, 21, 210-218.

Voir aussi Deuil, Résilience, Perte d'un être cher, Kübler-Ross et Travail de deuil
Chaiken Shelly ( ) : Psychosociologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des attitudee, des heuristiques et de la persuasion. Elle s'intéresse également à l'attirance physique. Professeur de Pomerantz. Collaboratrice de Darley, Eagly, Stangor et Wood.
CHAIKEN, S. (1979). Communicator physical attractiveness and persuasion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 5, 547-562.
CHAIKEN, S. (1980). Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39 (5), 752-766. [PDF]
CHAIKEN, S. (1987). The heuristic model of persuasion. In M.P. Zanna, J.M. Olson & C.P. Herman (Eds.), Social influence : The Ontario Symposium (Vol. 5, pp. 3-39). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
CHAIKEN, S., LIBERMAN, A. & EAGLY, A.H. (1989). Heuristic and systematic information processing within and beyond the persuasion context. In J.S. Uleman & J.A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 212-252). New York : Guilford Press.
CHAIKEN, S., WOOD, W. & EAGLY, A.H. (1996). Principles of persuasion. In E.T. Higgins & A. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology : Handbook of basic mechanisms and processes. New York : Guilford Press.
Chaîne : Concept métaphorique descriptif qui emprunte à la chaîne "physique" l'idée d'un tout composé de plus petits éléments (les chaînons) logiquement reliés, éléments que l'on peut sans doute assimiler au concept de phase, de segment ou d'étape d'un processus (la chaîne). Chain.
 
Types de chaîne
Chaîne alimentaire Chaîne de comportement Chaîne de stimulus
Chaîne de causes Chaîne de Markov Chaîne du médicament
 
Chaîne alimentaire : Food chain.
Chaîne de cause : Voir Causes (Chaîne).
Chaîne de comportement : Voir Comportements (Chaîne). Chaining, behavioral chains.
Chaîne de Markov : Voir Markov. Markov chains, Markov model.
Chaîne de stimulus : Voir Stimulus (Chaîne). Stimulus chains.
Chaîne du médicament/traitement : Développement d'un médicament/traitement, de sa conception à sa consommation. Chaîne du médicament, recherche indépendante et thérapie médicamenteuse.
 
  Études des fabricants  
Biochimiste/Concepteur Chercheur/Testeur Médecin/Prescripteur Pharmacien/Vendeur Patient/Acheteur
  Recherches indépendantes
   
Voir aussi Recherche indépendante
Chaire de recherche : Au sens strict, une chaire est un poste de professeur/chercheur (titulaire) créé par une université dans un but précis. EX: Étudier la politique américaine, le réchauffement climatique, etc. Pour être atteint, ce but nécessite généralement la mise en commun du savoir et des efforts de nombreux chercheurs. Voilà pourquoi ce terme est parfois devenu synonyme d'équipe de recherche. Ces équipes sont généralement subventionné par l'état ou par des entreprises privées. En soi, la formule est séduisante : contrer le sous-financement public et concentrer la matière grise afin d'augmenter l'efficacité des chercheurs. Malheureusement, toutes les chaires ne remplissent pas leurs promesses. En effet, certaines d'entre elles reçoivent une grande part de leur financement des grandes entreprises. De ce fait, elles perdent une partie de la neutralité nécessaire à l'objectivité scientifique vers laquelle doit tendre tout individu ou institution qui prétend au titre de scientifique/science. En fait, plusieurs chaires sont davantage des outils de propagande au service des entreprises, de l'état ou de groupes de pression, que des véhicules du savoir savant. Elles se drapent du manteau de la science et de l'objectivité pour convaincre et influencer autrui. Certes, ce subterfuge n'est pas nouveau, mais la caution scientifique et morale que leur accordent maintenant les universités, les grands journaux et le public en général constitue une menace importante à la crédibililité et à la rationnalité scientifique. Chaire de recherche, fonds de recherche et recherche indépendante. Research center.


  Voir aussi Équipe de recherche et Recherche indépendante
 
Chaleur : Voir Température. Heat, hot temperature.
Chaleureux : Warmth.
   
FISKE, S.T., CUDDY, A.J.C., GLICK, P & XU, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content : Competence and warmth respectively follow from status and competition. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 82 (6), 878-902. [PDF]
JUDD, C.M., JAMES-HAWKINS, L., YZERBYT, V.Y. & KASHIMA, Y. (2005). Fundamental dimensions of social judgment : Understanding the relations between competence and warmth. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 89, 899-913. [PDF]
FISKE, S.T., CUDDY, A.J.C. & GLICK, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition : Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 77-83.
CUDDY, A.J.C., FISKE, S.T. & GLICK, P. (2008). Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception : The stereotype content model and the BIAS map. In M.P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 40, pp. 61-149). New York : Academic Press. [PDF]

Voir aussi Jugement social, Stéréotype et Perception sociale
 
Chall Jeanne S. (Pologne 1921-1999) : Psychologue américaine d'origine polonaise, spécialisée dans l'étude de la lecture.
CHALL, J.S. (1967). Learning to read : The great debate. New York : McGraw-Hill.
CHALL, J.S. (1983). Stages of reading development. New York : McGraw-Hill.
CHALL, J.S., JACOBS, V.A. & BALDWIN, L.E. (1990). The reading crisis : Why poor children fall behind. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
CHALL, J.S. (1996). Learning to read : The great debate (1967). New York : McGraw Hill.
CHALL, J.S. (2000). The academic achievement challenge : What really works in the classroom. New York : Guilford.
Chalmers
Alan F. Chalmers David J. Chalmers
 
Chalmers Alan F. (Bristol 1939-) : Physicien et épistémologue australien d'origine anglaise. Étudiant de Lakatos.
CHALMERS, A.F. (1973). On learning from our mistakes. British Journal for The Philosophy of Science, 4 (2), 164-173.
CHALMERS, A.F. (1976/2006). Qu'est-ce que la science ? Popper, Kuhn, Lakatos, Feyerabend. Paris : La Découverte.
CHALMERS, A.F. (1989). How to defend science against scepticism : A reply to Barry Gower. British Journal for The Philosophy of Science, 40 (2), 249-253.
CHALMERS, A.F. (1990/1991). Science and its fabrication / La fabrication de la science. Milton Keynes : Open University Press/Paris : Édition a Découverte.
CHALMERS, A.F. (1999). What is this thing called science : An assessment of the nature and status of science and its methods. United Kingdom : Open University Press.
Chalmers David J. (1966-) : Philosophe et épistémologue australien. Ses travaux portent sur la conscience et le concept de signification. Étudiant de Hofstadter. Collaborateur de Clark et Jackson.
CHALMERS, D.J. (1990). Why Fodor and Pylyshyn were wrong : The simplest refutation. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 340-347). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum. [PDF]
CHALMERS, D. & JACKSON, F. (2001). Conceptual analysis and reductive explanation. Philosophical Review, 110, 315-361.
CHALMERS, D. (2002). On sense and intension. Philosophical Perspectives, 16, 135-182.
CHALMERS, D. (2004). The representational character of experience. In B. Leiter (Ed.), The future for philosophy. Oxford. [PDF]
CHALMERS, D. (2005). The two-dimensional argument against materialism. In B. McLaughlin (Ed.), Oxford handbook of the philosophy of mind. Oxford : University Press.
Chamberland
Claire Chamberland Line Chamberland
 
Chamberland Claire ( ) : Psychologue écologiste québécoise et professeure à l'Université de Montréal, spécialisée dans l'étude de la maltraitance des enfants. Elle est aussi l'un des quatre fondatrices des Scientifines. Étudiante de Pomerleau. Collaboratrice de Bouchard, Garon et Théorêt.
CHAMBERLAND, C., BOUCHARD, C. et BEAUDRY, J. (1986). Conduites abusives et négligentes envers les enfants : réalités canadienne et américaine. Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement / Canadian Journal of Behavior Science, 18 (4), 391-412.
CHAMBERLAND, C. et CÔTÉ, M. (1988). Participation des pères aux tâches familiales et perception des rôles sexuels chez leur garçon d'âge préscolaire. Apprentissage et Socialisation, 11 (3), 167-172.
CHAMBERLAND, C., BOUCHARD, C. et BEAUDRY, J. (1989). Dimensions socio-économiques et microsociales des mauvais traitements envers les enfants : le cas de Montréal. Prédire et prévenir les mauvais traitements envers les enfants. Montréal : Gouvernement du Québec, Conseil québécois de recherche sociale.
CHAMBERLAND, C., THÉORÊT. M. et GARON, R. (1995). Les Scientifines en action : conception, implantation et évolution. Montréal : Université de Montréal.
CHAMBERLAND, C., DALLAIRE, N., FRÉCHETTE, L., LINDSAY, J., HÉBERT, J. et CARON, S. (1996). Les dimensions sociales de la prévention et de la promotion du bien-être des jeunes et de leur famille : un portrait des pratiques au Québec / The social dimensions of prevention and the promotion of well-being of young people and their families : A portrait of practices in Québec. Nouvelles Pratiques sociales, 9 (2), 65-86.
Chamberland Line ( ) : Sociologue et féministe québécoise, spécialisée dans l'étude des lesbiennes et des gais. Elle enseigne à l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Collaboratrice de Julien et Otis.
CHAMBERLAND, L. (1996). Mémoires lesbiennes. Montréal : Éditions du remue-ménage.
CHAMBERLAND, L., JOUVIN, É. et JULIEN, D. (2003). Les familles recomposées homoparentales et hétéroparentales. Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales, 16 (1), 94-112.
CHAMBERLAND, L. (2006). Diversité sexuelle et alternatives à la mondialisation. Conjonctures, 41-42, 217-231.
CHAMBERLAND, L. et LEBRETON, C. (2010). La santé des adolescentes lesbiennes et bisexuelles : état de la recherche et critique des biais androcentristes et hétérocentristes. Recherches Féministes, 23 (2), 91-107.
CHAMBERLAND, L., RICHARD, G. et BERNIER, M. (2013). Violence de genre, violences sexistes à l'école : Les violences homophobes et les impacts sur la persévérance scoalaire des adolescent au Québec. Revue Généraliste des Travaux de Recherches en Éducation et en Formation, 8,99-114. [PDF]
Chambers Ephraïm (Kendall, Westmorland 1680-1740 Londres). Érudit et encyclopédiste anglais.
CHAMBERS, E. (1728). Cyclopaedia or universal dictionary of arts and sciences.
YEO, R.R. (2003). A solution to the multitude of books : Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728) as "the best book in the universe". Journal of the History of Ideas, 64 (1), 61-72.
Chambless Dianne L. (Monygomerey 1948-2023) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhaviorale américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de l'efficacité des thérapies. Collaboratrice de Beutler, Crits-Christoph, Foa, Hollon, Ollendick, Pope et Steketee.
CHAMBLESS, D.L., FOA, E.B., GROVES, G.A. & GOLDSTEIN, A.J. (1982). Exposure and communications training in the treatment of agoraphobia. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 20, 219-231.
CHAMBLESS, D.L., SANDERSON, W.C., SHOHAM, V., BENNETT JOHNSON, S., POPE, K.S., CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P., BAKER, M., JOHNSON, B., WOODY, S.R., SUE, S., BEUTLER, L., WILLIAMS, D.A. & McCURRY, S. (1996). An update on empirically validated therapies. The Clinical Psychologist, 49, 5-18. [PDF]
CHAMBLESS, D.L., BAKER, M.J., BAUCOM, D.H., BEUTLER, L., CALHOUN, K.S., CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P., DAIUTO, A., DERUBEIS, R., DETWEILER, J., HAAGA, D.A.F., JOHNSON, S.B., McCURRY, S., MUESER, K.T., POPE, K.S., SANDERSON, W.C., SHOHAM, V., STICKLE, T., WILLIAMS, D.A. & WOODY, S.R. (1998). Update on empirically validated therapies, II. Clinical Psychologist, 51, 3-16. [PDF]
CHAMBLESS, D.L. & OLLENDICK, T.H. (2001). Empirically supported psychological interventions : controversies and evidence. Annual review of psychology, 52, 685-716. [PDF]
CHAMBLESS, D.L., BLAKE, K.D. & SIMMONS, R.A. (2010). Attributions for relatives’ behavior and perceived criticism : Studies with community participants and patients with anxiety disorders. Behavior Therapy, 41 (3), 388-400. [PDF]

ZALTA, A.K. (2024). Dianne L. Chambless (1948–2023). American Psychologist, 79 (2), 317.
Chambre chinoise : Voir Expérience mentale de la chambre chinoise. Chinese room.
Chambre hyperbare : Hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
 
 HARDY, P., COLLET, J.P., GOLDBERG, J., VANASSE, M., LAMBERT, J., MAROIS, P., AMAR, M., MOMTGOMERY, D.L., LECOMTE, J.M., JOHNSTON, K.M. & LASSONDE, M. (2007). Neuropsychological effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44 (7), 436-446.
Chamizo Victoria Diez ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste espagnole, spécialisée dans l'étude du conditionnement répondant, notamment du blocage. Collaborateur de MacKintosh.
CHAMIZO, V.D., STERIO, D. & MACKINTOSH, N.J. (1985). Blocking and overshadowing between intra-maze and extra-maze cues : A test of the independence of locale and guidance learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37B, 235-253.
CHAMIZO, V.D. (2002). Spatial learning : Conditions and basic effects. Psicológica, 23, 33-57. [PDF]
CHAMIZO, V.D., RODRIGO, T. & MACKINTOSH, N.J. (2006). Spatial integration with rats. Learning & Behavior, 34, 348-354. [PDF]
CHAMIZO, V.D., RODRIGUEZ, C.A., SÀNCHEZ, J. & MÀRMOL, F. (2016). Sex differences after environmental enrichment and physical exercise in rats when solving a navigation task. Learning & Behavior, 44, 227-238. [PDF]
CHAMIZO, V.D., TORRES, A., RODRIGUEZ, C. & MacKINTOSH, N.J. (2019). What makes a landmark effective in adolescent and adult rats ? : Sex and age differences in a navigation task. Learning & Behavior, 47, 156-165. [PDF]
Champ : Espace concret ou abstrait (domaine), physiquement ou logiquement délimité (borne), composé d'éléments reliés entre eux.
 
Types de champ
Champ social Champ phénoménal Champ visuel
Champ d'application

 
Champ (social) : Chez Bourdieu, le champ est un système de relations de pouvoir entre dominant et dominé, qui conditionne l'habitus des individus (ou agents) et l'acquisition des ressources (capital économique et symbolique (artistique, intellectuel, scientifique). Champ et habitus.
 
Champ d'application : Chez Kelly, événement ou partie de la réalité auquel s'applique le système de construits de l'individu. Phenomenal field.
 
PERVIN, L.A. & OLIVER, P.J. (2001). Personality theory and research. New York : John Wiley and son.
Champ phénoménal : Perception de la réalité selon Snygg et Combs et chez la plupart des théoriciens humanistes et gestaltistes. Range of consciousness.
 
Champ visuel : Voir Vision (Champ). Visual field, receptive field.
Champagne Frances A. ( ) : Neuropsychologue américaine, d'origine québécoise, et spécialiste de l'étude de la relation entre le cerveau et l'environnement social et des interactions genes-milieu.
CHAMPAGNE, F.A. & CURLEY, J.P. (2005). How social experiences influence the brain. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 15 (6), 704-709. [PDF]
CHAMPAGNE, F.A. & MEANEY, M.J. (2006). Stress during gestation alters postpartum maternal care and the development of the offspring in a rodent model. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 1227-1235. [PDF]
CHAMPAGNE, F.A. & MEANEY, M.J. (2007). Transgenerational effects of social environment on variations in maternal care and behavioral response to novelty. Behavioral Neuroscience, 121, 1353-1363. [PDF]
CHAMPAGNE, F.A. (2008). Epigenetic mechanisms and the transgenerational effects of maternal care. Frontiers of Neuroendocrinology, 29, 386-397. [PDF]
CHAMPAGNE, F.A. & MASHOODH, R. (2009). Genes in context. Directions in Psychological Science, 18 (3), 127-131. [PDF]
Champion : Championnat : Athlète médaillé ou ayant remporté de nombreuses victoires importantes (championnat). Champion, Olympic champion.
 
FLETCHER, D. & SARKAR, M., (2012). A grounded theory of psychological resilience in Olympic champions. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 13, 669-678. [PDF]
SARKAR, M., FLETCHER, D. & BROWN, D.J. (2015). "What doesn't kill me": Adversity-related experiences are vital in the development of superior Olympic performance. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 18 (4), 475-479. [PDF]

Voir aussi Psychologie sportive, Équipe, Entraînement sportif et Sport
Chan/Chang/Chen/Chein/Cheng
Jason C.K. Chan Chaomei Chen Xinyin Chen
Edward C. Chang Guoquan Chen Isidor Chein
Chao C Chen Nancy Yi Feng Chen  Patricia Cheng
 
Chan Jason C.K. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain. Collaborateur de McDermott, Roediger et Szpunar.
CHAN, J.C.K., McDERMOTT, K.B., WATSON, J.M. & GALLO, D. (2005). The importance of stimulus-processing interactions in inducing false memories. Memory & Cognition, 33, 389-395. [PDF]
CHAN, J.C.K., McDERMOTT, K.B. & ROEDIGER, H.L. (2006). Retrieval-induced facilitatio n : Initially nontested material can benefit from prior testing of related material. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 135, 553-571. [PDF]
CHAN, J.C.K., THOMAS, A.K. & BULEVICH, J.B. (2009). Recalling a witnessed event increases eyewitness suggestibility : The reversed testing effect. Psychological Science, 20, 66-73. [PDF]
CHAN, J.C.K. (2010). Long-term effects of testing on the recall of nontested materials. Memory, 18, 49-57. [PDF]
CHAN, J.C.K. & LAPAGLIA, J.A. (2011). The dark side of testing memory : Repeated retrieval can enhance eyewitness suggestibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 17, 418-432. [PDF]
Chance : Événement agréable plus ou moins probable, donc difficile à prévoir, qui découle d'un comportement ou d'une décision individuelle/collective (dont on minimise l'influence ou que l'on feint, par stratégie, d'ignorer) ou simplement du hasard. Chance, hasard et jeu de hasard. /risque, malchance. Chance, luck.
   
EDGEWORTH, F.Y. (1884). The philosophy of chance. Mind, 9, 223-235. WATT, C. & NAGTEGAAL, M. (2000). Luck in action ? Belief in good luck, psi-mediated instrumental response, and games of chance. Journal of Parapsychology, 64, 19-38.
IRWIN, H.J. (2000). The luck of the paranormal believer. International Journal of Parapsychology, 11 (2), 79-95.
ALBERT, D. (2000). Time and chance. Harvard University Press.
EDGEWORTH, F.Y. (1884). The law of error and the elimination of chance. Philosophical Magazine, 21, 308-324. VAHID, H. (2001). Knowledge and varieties of epistemic luck. Dialectica, 55, 350-372.

TALEB, N. (2001). Fooled by randomness : The hidden role of chance in life and in the markets. Random House.
BUNGE, M. (1951). What is chance ? Science & Society, 15, 209-231. WOHL, M.J.A. & ENZLE, M.E. (2002). The deployment of personal luck : Illusory control in games of pure chance. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1388-1397.
DAY, L. & MALTBY, J. (2003). Belief in good luck and psychological well-being : The mediating role of optimism and irrational beliefs. The Journal of Psychology : Interdisciplinary & Applied, 137 (1), 99-110. [PDF]
LANGER, E.J. & ROTH, J. (1975). Heads I win, tails it’s chance : The illusion of control as a function of the sequence of outcomes in a purely chance task. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32, 951-955. WISEMAN, R. (2003). The luck factor. Skeptical Inquirer, 27 (3), 1-5. [PDF]
LANGER, E. (1977). The psychology of chance. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 7, 185-207. WOHL, M.J.A. & ENZLE, M.E. (2003). The effects of near wins and losses on self-perceived personal luck and subsequent gambling behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 184-191.
BANDURA, A. (1982). The psychology of chance encounters and life paths. American Psychology, 37 (7), 747-755. [PDF] PRITCHARD, D. (2004). Epistemic luck. Journal of Philosophical Research, 29, 193-222. [PDF]
KESSLER, K.D. (1994). The role of luck in criminal law. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 142, 2183-2237. PRITCHARD, D. & SMITH, M. (2004). The psychology and philosophy of luck. New Ideas in Psychology, 22, 1-28. [PDF]

WISEMAN, R. & WATT, C.A. (2004). Measuring superstitious belief : Why lucky charms matter. Personality & Individual Differences, 37, 1533-1541.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1995). How good is good luck ? : The role of counterfactual thinking in the perception of lucky and unlucky events. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 281-302. WISEMAN, R. (2004). The luck factor : The scientific study of the lucky mind. London : Arrow.
DAY, L. & MALTBY, J. (2005). "With good luck" : Belief in good luck and cognitive planning. Personality & Individual Differences, 39, 1217-1226.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1996). Luck : The art of a near miss. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37, 156-171. TEIGEN, K.H. (2005). When a small difference makes a big difference - Counterfactual thinking and luck. In D.R. Mandel, D.J. Hilton & P. Catellani (Eds.), The psychology of counterfactual thinking (pp. 129-146). Oxon, UK : Routledge.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1997). Luck, envy, gratitude : It could have been different. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38, 318-323. WISEMAN, R. & WATT, C. (2005). The psychology of luck. Psychology Review, 11, 17-19.
ROUDER, J.N., MOREY, R.D., SPRECKMAN, P.L. & PRATTE, M.S. (2007). Detecting chance : A solution to the null sensitivity problem in subliminal priming. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14 (4), 597-605.
MALTBY, J., DAY, L., GILL, P. COLLEY, A. & WODD, A.M (2008). Beliefs around luck : Confirming the empirical conceptualization of beliefs around luck and the development of the Darke and Freedman Beliefs Around Luck scale. Personality & Individual Differences, 45, 655-660. [PDF]
 ADEBAYO, B. (1998). Luck of the dice : Gambling attitudes of a sample of community college students. College Student Journal, 32, 255-257. WOHL, M.J.A. (2008). Belief in a lucky self : The role of personal luck in the facilitation and maintenance of gambling behavior. Psychologie Francaise, 53, 7-23.
JIANG, Y.W., CHO, A. & ADAVAL, R. (2009). The unique consequences of feeling lucky : Implications for consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19, 171-184.
DESSALLES, J-L. (2010). Emotion in good luck and bad luck : predictions from simplicity theory. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. [PDF]
WOHL, M.J.A., STEWART, M.J. & YOUNG, M.M. (2011). Personal luck usage scale (PLUS) : Psychometric validation of a measure of gambling-related belief in luck as a personal possession. International Gambling Studies, 11, 7-21.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1998). Hazards mean luck : Counterfactual thinking and perceptions of good and bad fortune in reports of dangerous situations and careless behaviour. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 235-248. XU, A-J., ZWICK, R. & SCHWARZ, N. (2011). Washing away your (good or bad) luck : Physical cleansing affects risk-taking behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 141 (1), 26-30. [PDF]
MALTBY, J., DAY, L., PINTO, D.G., HOGAN, R.A. & WODD, A.M. (2013). Beliefs in being unlucky and deficits in executive functioning. Consciousness & Cognition, 22, 137-147. [PDF]

Voir aussi Hasard, Jeu de hasard, Croyance ésotérique, Croyance et Risque
 
Chandler Paul ( ) : Cognitiviste américain d'origine australienne, spécialisé en éducation, et plus particulièrement ans les applications de la théorie de la charge cognitive. Collaborateur de Kalyuga, Mayer et Sweller.
CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1991). Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition & Instruction, 8, 293-332. [PDF]
CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1992). The split-attention effect as a factor in the design of instruction. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 233-246.
CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1996). Cognitive load while learning to use a computer program. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 151-170.
TINDALL-FORD, S., CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1997). When two sensory modes are better than one. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 3, 257-287.
MAYER, R.E. & CHANDLER, P. (2001). Llearning is just a click away : Does simple user interaction foster deeper understanding of multimedia messages ? Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 390-397. [PDF]
Chang Edward C. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain, d'origine coréenne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la sollitude, de l'optimisme et du pessimisme. Il s'intéresse également au perfectionnisme et au suicide. Collaborateur de Norem.
 CHANG, E.C. (1998). Dispositional optimism and primary and secondary appraisal of a stressor : Controlling for confounding influences and relations to coping and psychological and physical adjustment. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74, 1109-1120.
CHANG, E.C., BANKS, K.H. & WATKINS, A.F. (2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning : Testing a stress-mediation model in Black and White female college students. Scholarship, 1-12. [PDF]
 CHANG, E.C., YU, E.A., LEE, J.Y., HIRSCH, J.K., KUPFERMANN, Y. & KAHLE, E.R. (2013). An examination of optimism/pessimism and suicide risk in primary care patients : Does belief in a changeable future make a difference ? Cognitive Therapy & Research, 37, 796-804.
 CHANG, E.C., KAHLE, E.R., YU, E.A. & HIRSCH, J.K. (2014). Understanding the relationship between domestic abuse and suicide behavior in community adults : Does forgiveness matter ? Social Work, 59, 315-320.
 CHANG, E.C., YU, T., CHANG, O.D. & JILANI, Z. (2016). Evaluative concerns and personal standards perfectionism as predictors of body dissatisfaction in Asian and European American females : Does ethnicity matter ? Journal of American College Health, 64, 580-584.
Changement : Changer :  Différence observée entre deux états mesurés, l'état initial (ou niveau de base) et l'état final (objectif de changement ou comportement-cible). En recherche, on attribue cette différence à l'intervention ou au traitement, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. En psychologie, le changement est le résultat souhaité d'un grand nombre de thérapies (sauf peut-être la psychanalyse, qui mise davantage sur la prise de conscience de ses conflits intrapsychiques et le transfert, et l'humanisme, qui met l'accent sur la découverte de soi, et toutes les autres formes de thérapies qui se centrent sur l'acceptation et le renoncement). NDLR : Le changement est un concept important; il semble être à la psychologie et aux sciences sociales ce que le mouvement est à la physique. = transformation. /Inertie. Change.
 
Types de changement
Changement climatique Changement d'attitude Changement physiologique
Changement culturel Changement d'idée Changement social
Changement de comportement Changement d'opinion Changement thérapeutique
Changement de sexe Changement organisationnel Changement technologique
 
   
KELMAN, H.C. (1952). Two phases of behavior change. Journal of Social Issues, 8 (2), 81-88. HAYES, L.J., AUSTIN, J., HOUMANFAR, R. & CLAYTON, M.C. (Eds.) (2001). Organizational change. Reno, NV : Context Press.
HARDYCK, J.A. (1966). Consistency, relevance, and resistance to change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2, 27-41. RENSINK, R.E. (2002). Change detection. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 4245-4277. [PDF]
CRONBACH, J.L. & FURBY, L. (1970). How should we measure "change" - or should we ? Psychological Bulletin, 74, 68-80. WOOD, S. & SWAIT, J. (2002). Psychological indicators of innovation adoption : Cross-classification based on need for cognition and need for change. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12 (1), 1-13.
BEISSER, A. (1970). The paradoxical theory of change. In J. Fagan & I.L. Shepherd (Eds.), Gestalt therapy now (pp. 77-80). New York : Harper Colophon. RIEMER, M., ROSOF-WILLIAMS, J. & BICKMAN, L. (2005). Theories related to changing clinician practice. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14 (2), 241-254.
HUNTINGTON, S.P. (1971). The change to change : Modernization, development, and politics. Comparative Politics, 3, 283-322. CASPI, A., ROBERTS, B.W. & SHINER, R.L. (2005). Personality development : Stability and change. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 453-484.
MECHNER, F. (1978). Engineering supervisory job-performance change. Training, 15 (10), 65-70. DE LOS REYES, A. & KAZDIN, A.E. (2006). Conceptualizing changes in behavior in intervention research : The range of possible changes model. Psychological Review, 113 (3), 554-583.
ROGOSA, D., BRANT, D. & ZIMOWSKI, M. (1982). A growth curve approach to the measurement of change. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 726-748. KRAEMER, S. (2006). Something happens : Elements of therapeutic change. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 11 (2), 239-248.
PROCHASKA, J.O. & CRIMI, P. (1982). Self-change processes, self-efficacy and self-concept in relapse and maintenance of cessation of smoking. Psychological Reports, 51, 983-990. HATFIELS, D.R. & OGLES, B.M. (20006). The influence of outcome measures in assessing client change and treatment decisions. BMJ : Clinical Psychology, 62 (3), 325-337.
GELLER, E.S., WINETT, R.A. & EVERETT, P.B. (1982). Preserving the environment : New strategies for behavior change. Elmsford, NY : Pergamon. DIAMOND, L.M., HICKS, A.M. & OTTER-HENDERSON, K.D. (2008). Every time you go away : Changes in affect, behavior, and physiology associated with travel-related separations from romantic partners. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 95, 385-403.
PROCHASKA, J.O., DICLEMENTE, C.C., VELICER, W.F., GINPIL, S. & NORCROSS, J.C. (1985). Predicting change in status for self-changers. Addictive Behaviors, 10, 395-406.
HEYES, C.M. (1988). Are scientists the agents in scientific change ? Biology & Philosophy, 3, 194-199. RYAN, R.M. & DECI, E.L. (2008). A self-determination theory approach to psychotherapy : The motivational basis for effective change. Canadian Psychology, 49, 186-193.
PROCHASKA, J.O., DICLEMENTE, C.C. & NORCROSS, J.C. (1992). In search of how people change. American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1104. [PDF] CLARK, R.E. (2009). Resistance to change : Unconscious knowledge and the challenge of unlearning. In D.C. Berliner & H. Kupermintz (Eds.), Changing institutions, environments and people (pp. 75-94). New York : Routledge.
ARNKOFF, D.B., VICTOR, B.J. & GLASS C.R. (1993). Empirical researchon factors in psychotherapeutic change. In G. Stricker & J.R. Gold (Eds.), The comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy integration (pp. 27-42). New York : Plenum Press CHAPMAN, K. & OGDEN, J. (2009). How do people change their diet ? An exploration into the mechansism of dietary change. International Journal of Health Psychology, 14, 1229-1242. [PDF]
AUNE, B.P. (1995). The human dimension of organizational change. Review of Higher Education, 18 (2), 141-173. PETTIGREW, T.F. (2011). Toward sustainable psychological interventions for change. Peace & Conflict, 17 (2), 179-192.
PROCHASKA, J.O. & VELICER, W.F. (1997). The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12 (1), 38-48. OETTINGEN, G. & SCHWÖRER, B. (2013). Mind wandering via mental contrasting as a tool for behavior change. Frontiers in Psychology, 4 [5620], 1-5. [PDF]
MALOTT, R.W. (1999). Creating lasting organizational changes. Performance Improvement, 38 (2), 33-36. TOBIAS, R., HUBER, A.C. & TAMAS, A. (2013). A methodology for quantifying effects and psychological functioning of behavior-change techniques. SAGE Open, 1-16. [PDF]

COTNOIR, P.A. (2024). Le changement. PAC.

Voir auss Psychothérapie et Niveau de base
Changement (Résistance) : Voir Résistance au changement. Resistance to change, resistance to organizational change.
Changement climatique : Voir Réchauffement climatique. Global warming, global environmental change, climate change, climatic warmth.
Changement culturel : Voir Culture (Changement). Cultural change.
Changement de comportement : Voir Comportement (Changement). Behavior change.
Changement de sexe : Voir Réattribution du sexe.Sex reassignment.
Changement d'attitude : Voir Attitude. Attitude change.
Changement d'idée : Concept shift.
 
SWELLER, J. (1973). Effect of amount of initial training on concept shift problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99, 134-136.
Changement organisationnel : Voir Organisation (Changement). Organizational change, organizational transformation.
Changement physiologique : Tout changement de l'état biologique de l'organisme, à quelque niveau que ce soit. La description de ce changement peut se faire à un niveau molaire ou moléculaire. = changement biologique, réaction physiologique, réponse physiologique.
 
Changement social : Changement politique : Tout changement qui survient dans l'organisation d'une société. Social change, political transition.
   
COOLEY, C.H. (1897). The process of social change. Political Science Quarterly, 12, 63-81. [LIRE] KATZ, D. (1983). Factors affecting social change : A social-psychological interpretation. Journal of Social Issues, 39 (4), 25-44.
NEWCOMB, T.M. (1943). Personality and social change : Attitude formation in a student community. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston. BOUDON, R. (1984). La place du désordre. Critique des théories du changement social. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
HUNTINGTON, S.P. (1967). Political order in changing societies. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press. DRURY, J. & REICHER, S. (2000). Collective action and social change : the emergence of new social identities. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 579-604.
KUNKEL, J.H. (1970). Society and economic growth : a behavioral perspective of social change. New York : Oxford University Press. ACEMOGLU, D. & ROBINSON, J.A. (20001). A theory of political transitions. The American Economic Review, 91 (4), 938-963. [PDF]
ACTON, T. (1974). Politics and social change. Londres : Routledge & Kegan Paul. GLENN, S.S. (2004). Individual behavior, culture, and social change. The Behavior Analyst, 27 (2), 133-151. [PDF]
KUNKEL, J.H. (1975). Behavior, social problems, and change : a social learning approach. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall. De la SABLONIÈRE, R., AUGER, É., TAYLOR, D.M., CRUSH, J. & McDONAL, D. (2013). Social change in South Africa : A historical approach to relative deprivation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 52, 703-725.

De la SABLONIÈRE, R., FRENCH-BOURGEOIS, L. & NAJIH, M. (2013). Dramatic social change : A social psychological perspective. Journal of Social & Political Psychology, 1 (1), 253-272. [PDF]


Changement thérapeutique : Changement observé chez le patient/client entre le début et la fin d'une thérapie, que l'on attribue à l'intervention volontaire du thérapeute. Ce changement sera considéré comme positif s'il contribue à aider et guérir le patient. Selon les thérapies, ce changement peut prendre la forme d'une modification de comportement, d'une prise de conscience de son inconscient, d'une façon de penser différente, d'un changement d'attitude, et même de la découverte du bonheur ! Changement et efficacité de la thérapie. Therapeutic change, Mechanism of change.
   
KELMAN, H.C. (1963). The role of the group in the induction of therapeutic change. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 13, 399-432. [PDF] VERMEERSCH, D.A., LAMBERT, M.J. & BURLINGAME, G.M. (2000). Outcome Questionnaire : item sensitivity to change. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74 (2), 242-261.
HOBSON, R.F. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1970). The personal questionnaire as a method of measuring change during psychotherapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 623-626. BLATT, S.J. & AUERBACH, J.S. (2003). Psychodynamic measures of therapeutic change. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23 (2), 268-307.
SHAPIRO, D.A. & HOBSON, R.F. (1972). Change in psychotherapy : A single case study. Psychological Medicine, 2, 312-317. MARTELL, C.R., ADDIS, M.E. & DIMIDJIAN, S. (2004). Finding the action in behavioral activation : The search for empirically-supported interventions and mechanisms of change. In S. Hayes, M. Linehan & V. Folette (Eds.), Mindfulness acceptance and relationship : The new behavior therapies (pp. 152-167). New York : Guilford.
GOLDFRIED, M. (1980). Toward the delineation of thera- peutic change principles. American psychologist, 35, 991-999.
BLATT, S.J., FORD, R., BERMAN, W., COOK, B. & MEYER, R. (1988). The assessment of change during the intensive treatment of borderline and schizophrenic young adults. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 5, 127-158.
DAVIDSON, R. (1992). Prochaska and DiClemente's model of change : a case study ? Brirish Journal of Addiction, 87, (6), 821-822. BLATT, S.J., ZURO, D.C., HAWLEY, L. & AUERBACH, J.S. (2010). Predictors of sustained therapeutic change. Psychotherapy Research, 20, 37-54.
BARKHAM, M., STILES, W.B. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1993). The shape of change : Longitudinal assessment of personal problems. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 667-677. SCHORE, A.N. (2010). The right brain implicit self : A central mechanism of the psychotherapy change process. In J. Petrucelli (Ed.), Knowing, not-knowing and sort of knowing : Psychoanalysis and the experience of uncertainty (pp. 177-202). London : Karnac. [PDF]
BLATT, S.J. & FORD, R. (1994). Therapeutic change : An object relations perspective. New York, NY : Plenum
BERGIN, A.E. (1997). Neglect of the therapist and the human dimensions of change : A commentary. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 4 (1), 83-89. [PDF] WARMERDAM, L., VAN STRATEN, A. JONGSMA, J., TWISK, J. & CUIJPERS, P. (2010). Online cognitive behavioral therapy and problem-solving therapy for depressive symptoms : Exploring mechanisms of change. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 41 (1), 64-70
BICKEL W.K., MADDEN, G.J. & PETRY, N. (1998). The price of change : The behavioral economics of drug dependence. Behavior Therapy, 29, 545-565.
HUBBLE, M.A., DUNCAN, B.L. & MILLER, S.D. (1999). The heart and soul of change : What works in therapy. Washington : APA.

Voir aussi Thérapie et Efficacité des thérapies
Changement technologique : = progrès technologique. Technological change.
 
BLACK, S.E. & SPITZ-OENER, A. (2010). Explaining women’s success : Technological change and the skill content of women’s work. Review of Economics & Statistics, 92 (1), 187-194. [PDF]
Changeux Jean-Pierre (Domont 1936-) : Neurobiologiste français, spécialisé dans l'étude du cerveau. Collaborateur d'Atlan, Damasio, Danchin, Dehaene, Gutkin et Ricoeur.
DANCHIN, A. & CHANGEUX, J.-P. (1974). Apprendre par stabilisation sélective de synapses en développement. Dans L'unité de l'Homme/Centre Royaumont pour une Science de l'Homme (p. 320-35). Paris : Le Seuil.
CHANGEUX, J.-P. & DANCHIN, A. (1976). Selective stabilisation of developing synapses as a mechanism for the specification of neuronal networks. Nature, 264, 705-712.
CHANGEUX, J.P. (1983). L'Homme neuronal. France : Fayard.
CHANGEUX, J.P. & DEHAENE, S. (1989). Neuronal models of cognitive functions. Cognition, 33, 63-109.
CHANGEUX, J.P. (2002). L'Homme de vérité. Paris : Odile Jacob.
Chantage : Menaces faites à l'endroit d'un individu ou d'une organisation généralement dans le but de lui extorquer de l'argent ou des faveurs. Blackmail.
 
ELLSBERG, D. (1968). The theory and practice of blackmail. Santa Monica : Rand Corporation.
Chaos : Absence d'organisation, de structure ou de régularité. = désorganisation. /ordre. Chaos.
 
PRIGOGINE, I. et STENGERS, I. (1984). Order out of chaos. New York : Bantam Books.
GROSSBERG, S. (1987). Stable self-organization of sensory recognition codes : Is chaos necessary ? Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 10, 179-180.
GLASS, L. & MACKEY, M. (1988). From clocks to chaos. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
HOLLAND, J.H. (1998). Emergence : From chaos to order. Cambridge, MA : Perseus.
STREVENS, M. (2003). Bigger than chaos. Harvard University Press.
LAMBERT, X. (2011). Les promesses du chaos. Alliage, 68, 79-89. [LIRE]
Chapais Bernard ( ) : Anthropologue et primatologue québécois, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dominance chez le macaque. Il s'intéresse notamment à la parenté et à la consanguinité. Professeur de Vasey.
CHAPAIS, B. (1983). Reproductive activity in relation to male dominance and the likelihood of ovulation in rhesus monkeys. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 12, 215-228.
CHAPAIS, B. (1983). Mate selection among the Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology, 4, 328.
CHAPAIS, B. (1983). Matriline membership and male rhesus reaching high ranks in their natal troops. In R.A. Hinde (Ed.), Primate social relationships : An integrated approach (pp. 171-175). Oxford : Blackwells Scientific Publication.
CHAPAIS, B., GAUTHIER, C., PRUD’HOMME, J. & VASEY, P. (1997). Relatedness threshold for nepotism in Japanese macaques. Animal Behaviour, 53, 1089-1101.
CHAPAIS, B. & BERMAN, C.M. (Eds.) (2004). Kinship and behavior in primates. Oxford University Press.
Chapitre de livre : Ce mot a deux significations : a) Au sens premier, il désigne une partie d'un livre écrite par l'auteur-e ou les auteurs de ce livre. En ce sens, les chapitres d'un livre sont tous écrits par le ou les auteurs du livre. b) Dans un sens plus technique, on désigne aussi par cette expression les chapitres écrits par les différents auteurs d'un livre écrit par chapitres. Ce livre - on dit aussi collectif - est habituellement sous la direction d'un professeur ou d'un chercheur qui a pour tâche de dénicher les auteurs et de répartir les thèmes du livre (habituellement un chapitre par auteur). Le directeur doit également veiller à la cohésion du travail (absence de recoupements et de contradictions entre les chapitres, vocabulaire uniforme, nombre de mots, etc.) et au respect des thèmes. Les auteurs choisis par le directeur sont habituellement des spécialistes de leur domaine. EX : Ici l'auteur du chapitre "Observation directe du comportement" est Beaugrand; la directrice du livre "Fondements et étapes de la recherche scientifique en psychologie" est Robert. NDLR : Il ne faut donc pas confondre un chapitre de livre (b) avec un chapitre tout court (a), qui lui est une partie d'un livre écrit par un seul auteur (ou parfois quelques auteurs), lequel auteur signe par ailleurs tous les chapitres du livre. Chapitre de livre et livre par chapitre. = collectif. *chapitre.
BEAUGRAND, J. (1988). Observation directe du comportement. Dans M. Robert (Dir.), Fondements et étapes de la recherche scientifique en psychologie (p. 1-34). St-Hyacinthe : Édisem.
NOM DE L'AUTEUR, INITIALE DE SON PRÉNOM (Année de l'édition). Titre du chapitre. Initiale du prénom du directeur, Nom du (directeur en abrégé), Titre du livre (première et dernière pages du chapitre). Lieu de l'édition : Éditeur.
Chapman
Jean P. Chapman Loren J. Chapman
 
Chapman Jean P. (Chicago 1929-2018) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de la schizophrénie et de la psychose. Professeure de Kwapil. Collaboratrice de Campbell et Chapman.
CHAPMAN, J.P. (1961). The spacing of sequentially dependent trials in probability learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 62 (6), 545-551.
CHAPMAN, J.P. (1966). The early symptoms of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 225-251.
CHAPMAN, J.P. & CHAPMAN, L.J. (1987). Handedness of hypothetically psychosis-prone subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 96 (2), 89-93.
CHAPMAN, J.P., CHAPMAN, L.J. & KWAPIL, T.R. (1994). Does the Eysenck psychoticism scale predict psychosis ? A ten year longitudinal study. Personality & Individual Differences, 17 (3), 369-375. [PDF]
CHAPMAN, J.P. & CHAPMAN, L.J. (1995). Scales for the measurement of schizotypy. In Schizotypal personality disorder. Cambridge University Press
 
N0 AUTHORSHIP ( ). Award for Distinguished Scientific Applications of Psychology : Loren J. Chapman and Jean P. Chapman. American Psychologist, 54 (11), 892-894.
Chapman Loren J. (1927-2017) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de la schizophrénie et de la psychose. Il s'intéresse aussi à l'anhédonie. Professeur de Kwapil. Collaborateur de Chapman.
CHAPMAN, L.J. (1966). The early symptoms of schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 112, 225-251.
CHAPMAN, L.J., CHAPMAN, J.P. & RAULIN, M.L. (1978). Body-image aberration in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87 (4), 399-407.
CHAPMAN, L.J., EDELL, W.S. & CHAPMAN, J.P. (1980). Physical anhedonia, perceptual aberration, and psychosis proneness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 6 (4), 640-653. [PDF]
CHAPMAN, L.J. CHAPMAN, J.P., NUMBERS, J.S., EDELL, W.S., CARPENTER. B.N. & BECKFIELD, D. (1984). Impulsive nonconformity as a trait contributing to the prediction of psychotic-like and schizotypal symptoms. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 172, 681-691.
CHAPMAN, L.J., CHAPMAN, J.P., KWAPIL, T.R., ECKLAD, M. & ZINSER, M.C. (1994). Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103 (2), 171-183. [PDF]
 
N0 AUTHORSHIP ( ). Award for Distinguished Scientific Applications of Psychology : Loren J. Chapman and Jean P. Chapman. American Psychologist, 54 (11), 892-894.
Chapoutier George (Libourne 1945-) : Neurobiologiste et philosophe français. =Georges Friedenkraft,
CHAPOUTIER, G. (1994). La biologie de la mémoire. Paris : Presses Universitaire de France.
CHAPOUTIER, G. (2009). Kant et le chimpanzé : essai sur l'être humain, la morale et l'art. Belin : Paris.
CHAPOUTIER, G. et KAPLAN, F. (2012). L'Homme, l'animal et la machine. CNRS.
CHAPOUTIER, G. (2012). Que reste-t-il du propre de l'Homme ? ENSTA.
CHAPOUTIER, G. et TRISTANI-POTTEAUX, F. (2013). Le chercheur et la souris. CNSRS.
Character & Personality : Revue scientifique de psychologie Éditeur : Duke University Press.
MASLOW, A.H. (1942). The dynamics of psychological security-insecurity. Character & Personality, 10, 331-344.
 
Charcot Jean-Martin (Paris 1825-1893 Morvan) : Médecin, neurologue et psychiatre français. En 1882, il devient le premier directeur de la chaire de Clinique des maladies du système nerveux de Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, où il enseigne et poursuit ses travaux sur la maladie de Parkinson, la sclérose en plaques, le syndrome de Gilles la Tourette et l'hystérie. Par l'hypnose, il tente de soigner la paralysie de certaines patientes. Il fut le premier à décrire les symptômes de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique, que l'on désigne en France sous le vocable de maladie de Charcot (Maladie de Lou Gehrig aux États-Unis). Professeur de Babinski, Bechterev, Binet, Bleuler, Freud et Gilles de la Tourette. Collaborateur de Vulpian.
dd CHARCOT, J.M. (1882). Sur les divers états nerveux déterminés par l'hypnotisation chez les hystériques. Comptes-rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences.
CHARCOT, J.M. (1885-87). Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux, 1885-1887.
CHARCOT, J.M. (1891). Sur un cas d'amnésie rétro-antérograde, probablement d'origine hystérique. Revue de Médecine, 12.
CHARCOT, J.M. (1893). La foi qui guérit. Archives de Neurologie, 25.
BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J., WALUSINSKI, O. & VEYRUNES, D. (2009). Crime, hysteria and Belle Époque hypnotism : The path traced by Jean-Martin Charcot and Georges Gilles de la Tourette. European Neurology, 62, 193-199.
BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. (2011). Hysteria after Charcot : Back to the future. Frontiers of Neurology & Neuroscience, 29, 137-161.
JOHNSON, J., LORCH, M., NICOLAS, S. & GRAZIANO, A. (2013). Jean-Martin Charcot's role in the nineteenth-century study of "music aphasia". Brain, 136 (5), 1662-1670.
NICOLAS, S., GUIDA, A. & LEVINE, Z. (2014). Broca and Charcot's research on Jacques Inaudi : The psychological and anthropological study of a mental calculator. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 23 (2), 140-159.
BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. (2014). The Jean-Martin Charcot and his legacy. Frontiers in Neurology of Neuroscience, 35, 44-55.
NICOLAS, S. & GUIDA, A. (2015). Charcot and the mental calculator Jacques Inaudi. European Yearbook of the History of Psychology, 1, 107-138.
BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. (2016). The mysteries of hysteria : A historical perspective. Neurosciences & History, 2 (2), 54-73. [PDF]
GIMENEZ-ROLDAN, S. (2016). Clinical history of Blanche Wittman and current knowledge of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Neurosciences & History, 4 (4), 122-129. [PDF]
Chardon St-Cyr ( ) : Spécialiste français de la pédagogie, notamment de l'apprentissage de la lecture.
 
CHARDON, ST-C. (2000). Expérience de soutien en lecture auprès de faibles lecteurs de cycle 3. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 130, 107-119.
CHARDON, ST-C. & BAILLÉ J. (2002). Soutien en lecture : prise en compte des méthodes d'apprentissage. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 139, 81-95. [PDF]
CHARDON, ST-C. (2005). Évaluation d'un entraînement à la lecture au cours préparatoire sollicitant les modalités visuelle auditive et haptique. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 153, 93-107. [PDF]
CHARDON, ST-C. (2009). Soutien en lecture en troisième année de cycle 2 : évaluation de deux dispositifs contrastés. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 168, 19-37. [PDF]
CHARDON, ST-C. (2011). Évaluation d'un programme d'entraînement à la lecture au cours élémentaire deuxième année en France : réviser les correspondances graphophonologiques. Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation, 37 (1), 39–66. [PDF]
Charest Paul ( ) : Anthropologue québécois et spécialiste de l'étude des autochtones, notamment des innus.

CHAREST, P. (1986). La militarisation des territoires montagnais. Anthropologie et Sociétés, 10 (11), 255-260.
CHAREST, P. et TANNER, A. (1992). Présentation. La reconquête du pouvoir par les autochtones. Anthropologie et Sociétés, 16, (3), 5-16. [PDF]
CHAREST, P. (2004). Qui a peur des Innus ? Réflexions sur les débats au sujet du projet d’entente de principe entre les Innus de Mashteuiatsh, Essipit, Betsiamites et Nutashkuan et les gouvernements du Québec et du Canada. Anthropologie et Sociétés, 27 (2), 185-206. [PDF]
CHAREST, P. (2012). Les Pêches des premières nations dans l’Est du Québec : Innus, Malécites et Micmacs. GID.
  CHAREST, P. (2020). Des tentes aux maisons : la sédentarisation des Innus. GID
Charge cognitive : Théorie qui étudie la quantité d'information qu'un cerveau virtuel peut traiter en temps réel. Une charge trop lourde nuit au stockage de l'information en mémoire à long terme et, partant, à l'apprentissage. On doit ce concept à Sweller (1988). = charge mentale, surcharge cognitive. Cognitive load.
   
SWELLER, J. (1988). Cognitive load during problem solving : Effects on learning. Cognitive Science, 12, 257-285. [PDF] KIRSCHNER, P.A. (2002). Cognitive load theory : implications of cognitive load theory on the design of learning. Learning & Instruction, 12 (1), 1-10. [PDF]
SWELLER, J., CHANDLER, P., TIERNY, P. & COOPER, M. (1990). Cognitive load as a factor in the structure of technical material. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 119, 176-192. VAN MERRIËNBOER, J.J.G., SCHUURMAN, J.G., DE CROOCK, M.B.M. & PAAS, F.G.W.C. (2002). Redirecting learners attention during training : Effects on cognitive load, transfer test performance and training efficiency. Learning & Instruction, 12, 11-37. [PDF]
CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1991). Cognitive load theory and the format of instruction. Cognition & Instruction, 8, 293-332. [PDF] PAAS, F., TUOVINEN, J., TABBERS, H. & VAN GERVEN, P. (2003). Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory. Educational Psychologist, 38 (1), 63-71.
PAAS, F. (1992). Training strategies for attaining transfer of problem-solving skill in statistics : a cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84 (4), 429-434. BRÜNKEN, R., PLASS, J.L. & LEUTNER, D. (2003). Direct measurement of cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38 (1), 53-61. [PDF]
MAYER, J.D. & MORENO, R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38, 43-52.
SWELLER, J. (1993). Some cognitive processes and their consequences for the organisation and presentation of information. Australian Journal of Psychology, 45, 1-8. PAAS, F., RENKL, A. & SWELLER, J. (2003). Cognitive load theory and instructional design : recent developments. Educational Psychologist, 38 (1), 1-4. [PDF]
BOBIS, J., SWELLER, J. & COOPER, M. (1993). Cognitive load effects in a primary school geometry task. Learning & Instruction, 3, 1-21. CLAVIEN, L. et BÉTRANCOURT, M. (2003). Animations multimédia : quels dispositifs pour réduire la charge cognitive ? Épique, 179-188. [PDF]
PAAS, F., VAN MERRIENBOER, J.J.G. & ADAM, J.J. (1994). Measurement of cognitive-load in instructional research. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 79, 419-430. KALYUGA, S., AYRES, P., CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (2003). The expertise reversal effect. Educational Psychologist, 38 (1), 23-31. [PDF]
PAAS, F. & VAN MERRIENBOER, J.J.G. (1994). Variability of worked examples and transfer of geometrical problem-solving skills : A cognitive-load approach. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86 (1), 122-133. [PDF] PAAS, F., RENKL, A. & SWELLER J. (2004). Cognitive load theory : Instructional implications of the interaction between information structures and cognitive architecture. Instructional Science, 32, 1-8. [PDF]
SWELLER, J. (1994). Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty, and instructional design. Learning & Instruction, 4 (4), 295-312. [PDF] KALYUGA, S. & SWELLER, J. (2004). Measuring knowledge to optimize cognitive load factors during instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 558-568. [PDF]
VAN MERRIENBOER, J.J.G. & SWELLER, J. (2005). Cognitive load theory and complex learning : Recent developments and future directions. Educational Psychology Review, 17 (2), 147-177. [PDF]
MOUSAVI, S., LOW, R. & SWELLER, J. (1995). Reducing cognitive load by mixing auditory and visual presentation modes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 87, 319-334. KESTER, L., KIRSCHNER, P.A. & VAN MERRIENBOER, J.J.G. (2005). The management of cognitive load during complex cognitive skill acquisition by means of computer-simulated problem solving. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 75, 71-85. [PDF]
CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1996). Cognitive load while learning to use a computer program. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 10, 151-170. SWELLER, J. (2006). Discussion of "Emerging topics in cognitive load research : Using information and learner characteristics in the design of powerful learning environments". Applied Cognitive Psychology, 20, 353-357.
TRICOT, A. & CHANQUOY, L. (1996). La charge mentale, "vertu dormitive" ou concept opérationnel ? Introduction. Psychologie Française, 41 (4), 313-318. [PDF] KALYUGA, S. (2006). Rapid assessment of learners' proficiency : A cognitive load approach. Educational Psychology, 26, 613-627. [PDF]
DE NEYS, W. & SCHAEKEN, W. (2007). When people are more logical under cognitive load : Dual task impact on scalar implicature. Experimental Psychology, 54, 128-133. [PDF]
HASLER, B.S., KERSTEN, B. & SWELLER, J. (2007). Learner control, cognitive load and instructional animation. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21, 713-729. [PDF]
TRICOT, A. (1998). Charge cognitive et apprentissage. Une présentation des travaux de John Sweller. Revue de Psychologie de l'Education, 1, 37-64. [PDF] AYRES, P. & VAN GOG, T. (2009). State of the art research into cognitive load theory. Computers in Human Behavior, 25 (2), 253-392. [PDF]
YEUNG, A., JIN, P. & SWELLER, J. (1998). Cognitive load and learner expertise : Split-attention and redundancy effects in reading with explanatory notes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 23, 1-21. TRICOT, N. (2009). La régulation de la charge cognitive : un nouveau point de vue. Épique, 1-7. [PDF]
COOPER, G. (1998). Research into cognitive load theory and instructional design at UNSW. Sydney : UNSW. KALYUGA, S. (2009). Knowledge elaboration : A cognitive load perspective. Learning & Instruction, 19, 402-410. [PDF]
SWELLER, J., VAN MERRIENBOER, J.J.G. & PAAS, F. (2008). Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educational Psychology Review, 10 (3), 251-296. [PDF] KALYUGA, S. (2009). Managing cognitive load in adaptive multimedia learning. Hershey - New York : Information Science Reference.
TUOVINEN, J. & SWELLER J. (1999). A comparison of cognitive load associated with discovery learning and worked examples. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 334-341. DE JONG, T. (2010). Cognitive load theory, educational research and instructional design : some food for thought. Instructional Science, 38, 105-134. [PDF]
MORENO, R. (2010). Cognitive load theory : more food for thought. Instructional Science, 38, 135-141. [PDF]
VAN MERRIENBOER, J.J.G. & SWELLER, J. (2010). Cognitive load theory in health professional education : design principles and strategies. Medical Education, 44, 85-93. [PDF]
VREDEVELDT, A., HITCH, G.J. & BADDELEY, A.D. (2011). Eye closure helps memory by reducing cognitive load and enhancing visualisation. Memory & Cognition, 39, 1253-1263. [PDF]
CHANG, T.-W., HSU, J.-M. & YU, P.-T. (2011). A comparison of single- and dual-screen environment in programming language : Cognitive lads and learning effects. Educational Technology & Society, 14 (2), 188-200. [PDF]
KIRSCHNER, P.A., AYRES, P. & CHANDLER, P. (2011). Contemporary cognitive load theory research : The good, the bad and the ugly. Computers in Human Behavior, 27 (1), 99-105. [PDF]

MATLIN, M. (2004/2001). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated. / La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université. Voir aussi Sweller
Charger : Loading.
 
FERGUSON, D.L. & ROSALES-RUIZ, J. (2001). Loading the problem loader : the effects of target training and shaping on trailer- loading behavior of horses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 34 (4), 409-424. [PDF]
Charisme : Ensemble de caractéristiques physiques et d'habiletés sociales/cognitives d'un individu qui, selon le contexte, suscite chez autrui un intérêt marqué, emporte l'adhésion des masses. Le récipidendaire de ces caractéristiques n'est pas toujours conscient de les posséder ou d'en profiter pour influencer autrui. Le charisme est un ensemble de caractéristiques psychologiques et d'habiletés sociales. Cet ensemble a notamment été étudié chez les leaders. Charisme, influence sociales et leader charismatique. Charisma.

Charactéristique du charisme
Belle apparence Intelligence supérieure
Bonne compréhension des enjeux Humour
Bonne prise de décision Rire agréable et franc
Bonne prise de risques Spontanéité
Bon orateur Grande taille
Grande créativité  
 
   
WILSON, B.R. (1975). The noble savages : The primitive origins of charisma and its contemporary survival. Berkeley : University of California Press. HOUSE, R.J., SPANGLER, W.D. & WOYKE, J. (1991). Personality and charisma in the U.S. presidency : A psychological theory of leadership effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 364-396.
HOUSE, R.J. (1977). A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J.G. Hunt & L.L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership : The cutting edge (pp. 189-207). Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press. SHAMIR, B. (1999). Taming charisma for better understanding and greater usefulness : A response to Beyer. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 555-562.
WILLNER, A.R. (1984). The spellbinders : Charimatic political leadership. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press. EMRICH, C.G., BROWER, H.H., FELDMAN, J.M. & GARLAND, H. (2001). Images in words : Presidential rhetoric, charisma, and greatness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 527-557. [PDF]
FRIEDMAN, H.S., RIGGIO, R.E. & CASELLA, D. (1988). Nonverbal skill, personal charisma, and initial attraction. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 14, 203-211. DE CREMER, D. (2002). How do leaders promote cooperation ? The effects of charisma and procedural fairness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 (5), 858-866.
HOGAN, R., RASKIN, R. & FAZZINNI, D. (1990). The dark side of charisma. In K.E. Oark & M.B. Clark (Eds.), Measures of leadership (pp. 343-354). West Orange, NJ : Leadership Library of America. TOURIGNY, L., DOUGAN, W.L., WASHBUSH, J. & CLEMENTS, C. (2003). Explaining executive integrity : governance, charisma, personality and agency. Management Decision, 41, 1035-1049.
MIO, J.S., RIGGIO, R.E., LEVIN, S. & REESE, R. (2005). Presidential leadership and charisma : The effects of metaphor. The Leadership Quarterly, 16, 287-294.
 
Voir aussi Personnalité et Leader charismatique
Charité : Comportement d'aide qui découle d'un sentiment altruiste ou d'une stratégie, et qui consiste à donner de l'argent (ou un objet qui a une valeur en argent) à une personne visiblement dans le besoin (sans rien obtenir en retour). Charity.
   
HOLLAND, J.H. & NISBETT, R.E. (1982). Rationality and charity. Philosophy of Science, 42, 379-394. LANDRY, C., LANGE, A., LIST, J.A., PRICE, M.K. & RUPP, N. (2006). Toward an understanding of the economics of charity : Evidence from a field experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121 (2), 747-782.
ANDREONI, J. & SCHOLTZ, J.K. (1998). An econometric analysis of charitable giving with interdependent preferences. Economic Inquiry, 36 (3), 410-428. LEE, Y. & CHANG, C. (2007). Who gives what to charity ? Characteristics affecting donation behavior. Social Behavior & Personality, 35 (9), 1173-1180.
LIST, J.A. & LUCKING-REILEY, D. (2002). The effects of seed money and refunds on charitable giving : Experimental evidence from a university capital campaign. Journal of Political Economy, 110, 215-233. [PDF] KARLAN, D. & LIST, J.A. (2007). Does price matter in charitable giving ? Evidence from a large-scale natural field experiment. American Economic Review, 97 (5), 1774-1793.
LIST, J.A. & RONDEAU, D. (2003). The impact of challenge gifts on charitable giving : An experimental investigation. Economics Letters, 79, 153-159. RONDEAU, D. & LIST, J.A. (2007). Matching and challenge gifts to charity : evidence from laboratory and natural field experiments. Experimental Economics, 11 (3), 253-267. [PDF]

Voir aussi Comportement d'aide, Générosité, Altruisme et Comportement prosocial
Charlatanisme : Charlatan : Art et pratique du charlatan. Le charlatan exploite la crédulité, l'ignorance et la souffrance des gens dans le but de leur vendre son pseudo-savoir sous forme de médicament (EX: granules homéopathiques), de thérapie (EX: Thérapie par les anges), de conférence (EX: Comment devenir millionnaire sans rouler son beau-frère), de livre (EX: Les extra-terrestres sont parmi nous !) et autres gadgets (amulette, pyramide d'énergie, bracelet magique, bougie auriculaire, cube cosmique, etc.). C'est un imposteur car il sait pertinemment que ce qu'il tient pour vrai est faux ou, au mieux, non-démontré. La plupart du temps, cet imposteur se double d'un escroc dont le but premier est de soutirer au croyant de l'argent ou des services en retour de son psychoverbiage. Il ne faut donc pas confondre le charlatan - qui abuse de la naïveté de ses "patients" - avec l'adepte de la psychologie populaire ou de sous-sol d'église, ces derniers étant de bonne foi donc persuadés qu'ils possèdent la "science infuse" ou un don, transmis secrètement par une lointaine tante qui habitait la Transylvanie, pour guérir autrui. Bref, le charlatan est un incompétent sans scrupules. Charlatan, imposteur et fraude. = escroc, imposteur, psy de pacotille, corsaire de l'âme. Charlatanism.
Voir aussi Fraude et Imposture scientifique
   
BUNGE, M. (1996). In praise of intolerance to charlatanism. Academia, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 775, 96-116


Charlesworth Deborah ( ) : Biologiste et généticienne anglaise, spécialisée dans l'étude de la détermination du sexe.
CHARLESWORTH, D. (1996). The evolution of chromosomal sex determination and dosage compensation. Current Biology, 6, 149-162.
CHARLESWORTH, D. (1996). The degeneration of Y chromosomes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 55 (1403), 1563-1572.
CHARLESWORTH, D. (2004). Sex determination : Primitive Y dispatch chromosomes in fish. Current Biology, 14, 745-747. [PDF]
CHARLESWORTH, D. (2004). The evolution of sex chromosomes. Science, 251, 1030-1033.
CHARLESWORTH, D. & MANK, J.E. (2010). The birds and the bees and the owers and the trees : lessons from genetic mapping of sex determination in plants and animals. Genetics, 186, 9-31. [PDF]
Charlop Marjorie H. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de l'autisme. = Charlop-Christy. Collaboratrice de Leblanc, Runco et Schreibman.
CHARLOP, M.H. (1983). The effects of echolalia on acquisition and generalization of receptive labeling in autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 16 (1), 111-126. [PDF]
CHARLOP, M.H. & THIBODEAU, M.G. (1985). Increasing spontaneous verbal responding in autistic children using the time-delay procedure. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18 (2), 155-166. [PDF]
CHARLOP, M.H., KURTZ, P.F. & CASEY, F.G. (1990). Using aberrant behaviors as reinforcers for autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23 (2), 163-181. [PDF]
CHARLOP-CHRISTY, M.H., LEBLANC, L.A. & CARPENTER, M.H. (1999). Naturalistic teaching strategies (NaTS) to teach speech to children with autism : Historical perspective, development, and current practice. California School Psychologist, 4, 30-46.
CHARLOP, M.H., LE, L. & FREEMAN, K.A. (2000). A comparison of video modeling with in vivo modeling for teaching children with autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 30 (6), 537-552. [PDF]
Charlton Rebecca A. ( ) : Neurosychologue américaine, spécilaiste de l'étude de la substance blanche et de son influence sur le vieillissement et la mémoire épisodique.
CHARLTON, R.A., BARRICK, T.R., MCINTYRE, D.J., SHEN, Y., O'SULLIVAN, M., HOWE, F.A., CLARK, C.A., MORRIS, R.G. & MARKUS, H.S. (2006). White matter damage on diffusion tensor imaging correlates with age-related cognitive decline. Neurology, 66, 217-222.
CHARLTON, R.A., BARRICK, T.R., MARKUS, H.S. & MORRIS, R.G. (2009). Theory of mind associations with other cognitive functions and brain imaging in normal aging. Psychology & Aging, 24 (2), 338-348.
CHARLTON, R.A., BARRICK, T.R., MARKUS, H.S. & MORRIS, R G. (2010). The relationship between episodic long-term memory and white matter integrity in normal aging. Neuropsychologia, 48 (1), 114-122.
CHARLTON, R.A. (2014). Subcortical biophysical abnormalities in patients with mood disorders. Molecular Psychiatry, 19, 710-716.
CHARLTON, R.A. (2014). White matter tract integrity in late-life depression : Associations with severity and cognition. Psychological Medicine, 44 (7), 1427-1437.
Chase
Ivan D. Chase Philip N. Chase
 
Chase Ivan D. ( ) : Sociologue et éthologiste américain, spécialiste de l'organisation sociale, des hiérarchies et de la dominance.
CHASE, I.D. (1974). Models of hierarchy formation in animal societies. Behavioral Science, 19, 374-82.
CHASE, I.D. (1980). Social process and hierarchy formation in small groups : A comparative perspective. American Sociological Review, 45 (6), 905-924.
CHASE, I.D. (1982). Dynamics of hierarchy formation : The sequential development of dominance relationships. Behaviour, 80, 218-240.
CHASE, I.D. (1982). Behavioral sequences during dominance hierarchy formation in chickens. Science, 216, 439-440.
CHASE, I.D. & LINDQUIST, W.B. (2016). The fragility of individual-based explanations of social hierarchies : A test using animal pecking orders. Plos One, 11 [16], 1-16. [PDF]
Chase Philip N. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'apprentissage des nouveaux comportements, des comportement verbaux et des règles. Collaborateur de Forsyth, Hayes, Lattal, Madden et Shahan.
CHASE, P.N. (1986). Are they really so different ? Comments on the differences between verbal and social behavior. In P.N. Chase & L.J. Parrott (Eds.), Psychological aspects of language (pp. 118-122). Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas.
CHASE, P.N. (1996). The origins of naming : A critique of self-listening. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 66 (1), 293-296. [PDF]
SHAHAN, T.A. & CHASE, P.N. (2002). Novelty, stimulus control, and operant variability. The Behavior Analyst, 25, 175-190. [PDF]
CHASE, P.N. (2006). Teaching the distinction between positive and negative reinforcement. The Behavior Analyst, 29, 113-115. [PDF]
CHASE, P.N., ELLENWOOD D.W. & MADDEN, G.J. (2008). A behavior analytic analogue of learning to use synonyms, syntax, and parts of speech. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 24, 31-54. [PDF]
Chasse : Chasser : Le concept a deux acceptions voisines : a) Comportement agonistique qui consiste à poursuivre une proie et à la tuer (prédation) dans le but de la manger. = prédation. Hunting. b) Comportement agonistique qui consiste à poursuivre un adversaire, souvent un congénère (dominance), jusqu'à ce que cet adversaire se soumette, sorte du territoire du résidant, s'éloigne des ressources convoitées ou meurt. Chasing.
 
a
ARDREY, R. (1976). The hunting hypothesis. A personal conclusion concerning the evolutionary nature ofman. Atheneum, New York.
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BOESCH, C. & BOESCH, H. (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Tai’ national park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 78, 547-573. [PDF] WALKER, R., HILL, K., KAPLAN, H. & MCMILLAN, G. (2002). Age-dependency in hunting ability among the Ache of Eastern Paraguay. Journal of Human Evolution, 42, 639-657.
BOESCH, C. (1990). First hunters of the forest. New Scientist, 38-41. [PDF] BOESCH, C. (2002). Cooperative hunting roles among Taï chimpanzees. Human Nature, 13 (1), 27-46. [PDF]
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BLURTON-JONES, N.G. (1993). The lives of hunter - gatherer children. In M. Perreira & L. Fairbanks (Eds.), Juvenile primates. Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press. KAMEDA, T. & McDERMOTT, R. (2009). Commentary on Michael Gurven and Kim Hill, "Why do men hunt ?" Current Anthropology, 50 (1), 63-64.

Voir aussi Comportement agonistique
b
BOULTON, M.J. (1991). Partner preferences in middle school children's playful fighting and chasing. Ethology & Sociobiology, 12, 177-193.

Chasseur-cueilleur (société) : Hunter-gatherers.
   
HILL, K. (1982). Hunting and human evolution. Journal of Human Evolution, 11, 521-544.
BIESELE, M. (1986). How hunter-gatherers' stories "make sense": semantics and adaptation. Cultural Anthropology, 1(2), 157-170.
HILL, K. & HURTADO, A.M. (1989). Hunter-Gatherers of the New World. American Scientist, 77 (5), 436- 443.
BLURTON-JONES, N.G. (1993). The lives of hunter - gatherer children. In M. Perreira & L. Fairbanks (Eds.), Juvenile primates. Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press.
SILVERMAN, I., CHOI, J. & PETERS, M. (2007). The hunter-gatherer theory of sex differences in spatial abilities : Data from 40 countries. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 261-268.
BERBESQUE, J.C. (2009). Sex differences in food preferences of Hadza hunter-gatherers. Evolutionary Psychology, 7 (4), 601-616. [PDF]
WALKER, R.S., HILL, K.R., FLINN, M.V. & ELLSWORTY, R.M. (2011). Evolutionary history of hunter-gatherer marriage practices. PLoS ONE, 6 (4): e19066.

Voir aussiDifférence sexuelle
Chat : En psychologie, le chat est utilisé comme modèle pour étudier notamment l'apprentissage (conditionnement opérant, répondant), la résolution de problème et la permanence de l'objet.= (Felis domesticus, Felis catus) Cat.
   
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BURNIE, D. (Ed.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley. / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Animal
Chatzisarantis Nikos L.D. ( ) : Médecin anglais et spécialiste de la psychologie de la santé et de la médecine béhaviorale. Il s'intéresse notamment aux facteurs psychologiques à l'origine de l'exercice physique. Collaborateur de Hagger et Sedikides.
CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D., BIDDLE, S.J.H. & MEEK, G.A. (1997). A self-determination theory approach to the study of intentions and the intention-behaviour relationship in children's physical activity. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2 (4), 343-360.
CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D., HAGGER, M.S., BIDDLE, S.J.H. & KARAGEORHIS, C. (2002). The cognitive processes by which perceived locus of causality predicts participation in physical activity. Journal of Health Psychology, 7, 685-699.
CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D., HAGGER, M.S., BIDDLE, S.J.H., SMITH, B. & WANG. J.C.K. (2003). A meta-analysis of perceived locus of causality in exercise, sport, and physical education contexts. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25 (3), 284-306.
CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D., HAGGER, M.S. & SMITH, B. (2007). Influences of perceived autonomy support on physical activity within the theory of planned behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 37, 934-954. [PDF]
CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D., KAMAROVA, S., KAWABATA, M., WANG, J. & HAGGER, M.S. (2015). Developing and evaluating utility of school-based intervention programs in promoting leisure-time physical activity : An application of the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 46 (2), 95-116. [PDF]
Chauncey Henry (1905-2002) : Spécialiste américain de la mesure et de l'évaluation. Il a contribué à la révision du SAT.
Chauve-souris : Mammifère volant. Bat.
 
GRIFFIN, D.R. (1959). Echoes of bats and men. New York : Anchor Books.  FENTON, M.B. (1986). Design of bat echolocation calls : implications for foraging ecology and communication. Mammalia, 50, 193-203.
NAGEL, T. (1974). What is it like to be a bat ? Philosophical Review, 83, 435-450. ALDRIDGE, H.D. & RAUTENBACH, I.L. (1987). Morphology, echolocation and resource partitioning in insectivorous bats. Journal of Animal Ecology, 56, 763-778.
 ANTHONY, E.L.P. & KUNZ, T.H. (1977). Feeding strategies of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, in southern New England. Ecology, 58, 775-786. [PDF] BALCOMBE, J.P. & FENTON, M.B. (1988). Eavesdropping by bats : The influence of echolocation call design and foraging strategy. Ethology, 79, 158-166. [PDF]
 SIMMONS, J.A. & STEIN, R.A. (1980). Acoustic imaging in bat sonar : echolocation signals and the evolution of echolocation. Journal of Comparative Physiology, 135, 61-84. WILKINSON, G.S. (1988). Reciprocal altruism in bats and other mammals. Ethology & Sociobiology, 9, 85-100.
 FENTON, M.B. (1982). Echolocation calls and patterns of hunting and habitat use of bats (Microchiroptera) from Chillagoe, North Queensland. Australian Journal of Zoology 30 (3), 417-425. AKINS, K.A. (1993). A bat without qualities ? In M. Davies & G.W. Humphreys (Eds.), Consciousness : Psychological and philosophical essays (pp. 258-273). Oxford : Blackwell Publishers.
 FENTON, M.B., GAUDET, C.L. & LEONARD, M.L. (1983). Feeding behaviour of the bats Nycteris grandis and Nycteris thebaica (Nycteridae) in captivity. Journal of Zoology, 200, 347-354.

BURNIE, D. (Ed.) (2001). Animal / Le règne animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley /Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Animal et Mammifère
CHC (Cattell-Horn-Carroll) : Voir Modèle de l'intelligence CHC. Cattell-Horn-Carroll model of intelligence, CHC theory.
CHA - CHECK - CHEEK - CHEN - CHEIN - CHENEY - CHERCHEUR - CHERNEY - CHEVAL - CHEVEU - CHI
Check/Cheek
James V.P. Check Jonathan M. Cheek
 
Check James Victor Patrick ( ) : Psychologue canadien et spécialiste de l'agression sexuelle et de la pornographie. Collaborateur de Briere et Malamuth.
CHECK, J. & MALAMUTH, N. (1985). Sex role stereotyping and reactions to depictions of stranger versus acquintance rape. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 45 (2), 344-356. [PDF]
CHECK, J. & MALAMUTH, N. (1984). Can there be positive effects of participation in pornography experiments ? The Journal of Sex Research, 20 (1), 14-31. [PDF]
CHECK, J. & MALAMUTH, N. (1985). An empirical assessment of some feminist hypotheses about rape. International Journal of Women's Studies, 8, 414-423.
CHECK, J., PERLMAN, D. & MALAMUTH, N. (1985). Loneliness and agressive behaviour. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 2, 243-252. [PDF]
CHECK, J. & GULOEIN, T. (1989). Reported proclivity for coercive sex following repeated exposure to sexually violent pornogaphy, non-violent dehumanizing pornography, and erotica. In D. Zillman and J. Bryant (Eds.), Pornography : Recent research, interpretations, and policy considerations (pp. 159-184). Hillside, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cheek Jonathan M. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la timidité. Collaborateur de Jones, Norem et Robbins
CHEEK, J.M. & BUSS, A.H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 41, 330-339.
CHEEK, J.M. & WATSON, A.K. (1989). The definition of shyness : Psychological imperialism or construct validity ? Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 4 (1), 85-95. [PDF]
CHEEK, J.M. & MELCHIOR, L.A. (1990). Shyness, self-esteem, and self-consciousness. In H. Leitenberg (Ed.), Handbook of social and evaluation Anxiety (pp. 47-82). New York : Plenum Publishing.
CHEEK, J.M. & BRIGGS, S.R. (1990). Shyness as a personality trait. In W.R. Crozier (Ed.), Shyness and embarrassment : perspectives from social psychology (pp. 315-337). Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press.
CHEEK, J.M. & SMITH, L.R. (1999). Music training and mathematics achievement. Adolescence, 34, 759-761.
Chein Isidor (1912-1981) : Psychologue humaniste américain.

CHEIN, I. (1949). Some aspects of research methodology. Jewish Social Service Quarterly, 25 (4).
CHEIN, I. (1972). The science of behavior and the image of Man. New York : Basic Books.
CHEIN, I. (1975). There ought to be a law : But why ? The Journal of Social Issues, 31 (4), 221-244.
COOK, S.W. (1982). Obituary : Isidor Chein (1912-1981). American Psychologist, 37 (4), 445-446.
Chelladurai Packianathan (1927-) : Psychosociologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude du sport, notamment du leadership. Collaborateur de Carron.
CHELLADURAI, P. & SALEH, S.D. (1978). Preferred leadership in sports. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 3, 85-92.
CHELLADURAI, P. & SALEH, S.D. (1980). Dimensions of leader behavior in sports : development of a leadership scale. Journal of Sport Psychology, 2, 34-45. [PDF]
CHELLADURAI, P. & CARRON, A.V. (1983). Athletic maturity and preferred leadership. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 371-380.
CHELLADURAI, P. & ARNOTT, M. (1985). Decision styles in coaching : Preferences of basketball players. Research Quarterlyfor Exercise & Sport, 56 (1), 15-23.
CHELLADURAI, P. (1990). Leadership in sports : a review. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21, 328-354.
Chemical Senses : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de sens. Éditeur : Oxford Journals.
ROYET, J.P., PAUGAM-MOISY, H., ROUBY, C., ZIGHED, D., NICOLOYANNIS, N., AMGHAR, S. & SICARD, G. (1996). Is short term odour recognition predictable from odour profile ? Chemical Senses, 21, 553-566.
 
Chan/Chang/Chen/Chein/Cheng
Jason C.K. Chan Chaomei Chen  Xinyin Chen
Edward C. Chang Guoquan Chen Isidor Chein
Chao C Chen Nancy Yi Feng Chen  Patricia Cheng
 
 Chen Chao C. ( ) : Spécialiste chinois de l'étude des organisations. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'individualisme et au collectivisme.
CHEN, C.C. (1995). New trends in rewards allocation preferences : A Sino-U.S. comparison. Academy of Management Journal, 38 (2), 285-304. [PDF]
CHEN, C.C., MEINDL, J.R. & HUNT, R.G. (1997). Testing the effects of vertical and horizontal collectivism : A study of reward allocation preferences in China. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28 (1), 44-70.
CHEN, C.C., CHEN, X.P. & MEINDL, J.R. (1998). How can co-operation be fostered ? The cultural effects of individualism and collectivism. Academy of Management Review, 23 (2), 285-304. [PDF]
CHEN, C.C., BROCKNER, J. & KATZ, T. (1998). Toward an explanation of cultural differences in ingroup favoritism : The role of individual versus collective primacy. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75 (6), 1490-1502.
CHEN, C.C., PENG, M.W. & SAPARITO, P.A. (2002). Individualism, collectivism, and opportunism : A cultural perspective on transaction cost economics. Journal of Management, 28 (4), 567-583. [PDF]
Chen Chaomei ( ) : Spécialiste de la scientométrie.

CHEN, C. (2006). CiteSpace II : Detecting and visualizing emerging trends and transient patterns in scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 57 (3), 359-377.
CHEN, C., IBEKWE-SANJUAN, F. & HOU, J. (2010). The structure and dynamics of co-citation clusters : A multiple-perspective co-citation analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 61 (7), 1386-1409.
CHEN, C. HU, Z., LIU, S. & TSENG, H. (2012). Emerging trends in regenerative medicine : A scientometric analysis in CiteSpace. Expert Opinions on Biological Therapy, 12 (5), 593-608.
CHEN, C. (2017). Science mapping : A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Data & Information Science 2 (2), 1-40.
CHEN, C. (2018). Eugene Garfield's scholarly impact : A scientometric review. Scientometrics, 114 (2), 489-516. [PDF]
Chen Guoquan ( ) : Psychologue organisationnel chinois et spécialiste de l'étude du leadership et des conflits. Collaborateur de Tjosvold.
CHEN, G. & TJOSVOLD, D. (2002). Conflict management and team effectiveness in China : The mediating role of justice. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 19, 557-572.
CHEN, C. & TJOSVOLD, D. (2005). Cross-cultural leadership : goal interdependence and leader-member relations in foreign ventures in China. Journal of International Management, 11, 417-439.
CHEN, G. & TJOSVOLD, D. (2006). Cooperative goals, leader people and productivity values : Their contribution to top management teams in China. Journal of Management Studies, 43 (5), 1177-1200.
CHEN, G. & TJOSVOLD, D. (2008). Organizational values and procedures as antecedents for goal interdependence and collaborative effectiveness. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 25 (1), 93-112.
CHEN, G. & TJOSVOLD, D.W. (2012). Shared rewards and goal interdependence for psychological safety among departments in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27 (3), 1-20.
Chen Nancy Yi-Feng ( ) : Psychologue organisationnelle chinoise et spécialiste de l'étude du leadership et des conflits. Collaboratrice de Tjosvold et Wong. = Nancy Chen Yi-Feng.
CHEN, Y.N. & TJOSVOLD, D.W. (2005). Working with foreign managers : conflict management for effective leader relationships in China. International Journal of Conflict Management, 16 (3), 265-286.
CHEN, Y.N. & TJOSVOLD, D.W. (2006). Participative leadership by American and Chinese managers in China : the role of relationships. Journal of Management Studies, 43 (8), 1727-1752.
CHEN, Y.N. & TJOSVOLD, D. (2007). Cooperative conflict management : an approach to strengthen relationships between foreign managers and Chinese employees. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 45 (3), 271-294.
CHEN, Y.N., TJOSVOLD, D.W. & PAN, Y. (2010). Collectivist team values for Korean-Chinese co-worker relationships and job performance. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34 (5), 475-481.
CHEN, Y.N. & TJOSVOLD, D.W. (2013). Inside the leader relationship : constructive controversy for team effectiveness in China. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43 (9), 1827-1837.
 Chen Xinyin ( ) : Psychologue américain d'origine chinoise. Il s'intéresse au développement, notamment aux différences culturelles entre les Chinois et les Canadiens/Américains ainsi qu'au rôle de la famille et des pairs dans ce développement. Collaborateur de Rubin.
CHEN, X., RUBIN, K.H. & SUN, Y. (1992). Social reputation and peer relationships in Chinese and Canadian children : A cross-cultural study. Child Development, 63, 1336-1343.
CHEN, X., HASTING, P., RUBIN, K.H., CHEN, H., CEN, G. & STEWART, S.L. (1998). Childrearing attitudes and behavioural inhibition in Chinese and Canadian toddlers : A cross-cultural study. Developmental Psychology, 34, 677-686.
CHEN, X., WU, H., CHEN, H., WANG, L. & CEN, G. (2001). Parental affect, guidance and power assertion and aggressive behaviour in Chinese children. Parenting : Science & Practice, 1, 159-183.
CHEN, X., LIU, M., RUBIN, K.H., CHEN, H., WANG, L. & LI, D. (2003). Compliance in Chinese and Canadian toddlers : A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 428-436. [PDF]
CHEN, X., WANG, L WU, H., LI, D. & LIU, J. (2014). Loneliness in Chinese children across contexts. Developmental Psychology, 50, 2324-2333.
Cheney Dorothy L. (1950-2018) : Biologiste et primatologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de la cognition animale chez le babouin. Collaboratrice de Hauser, Isbell, Seyfarth et Wittig.
 CHENEY, D.L. & SEYFARTH, R.M. (1980). Vocal recognition in free-ranging vervet monkeys. Animal Behaviour, 288, 362-367.
 CHENEY, D.L., SEYFARTH, R.M. & SMUTS, B. (1986). Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates. Science, 234, 1361-1366.
 CHENEY, D.L. & SEYFARTH, R.M. (1990). Attending to behaviour versus attending to knowledge : examining monkeys' attribution of mental states. Animal Behaviour, 40, 742-753.
 CHENEY, D.L., SEYFARTH, R.M. & SILK, J.B. (1995). The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions : Evidence for causal reasoning ? Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109, 134-141. [PDF]
 CHENEY, D.L. & SEYFARTH, R.M. (1997). Why animals don’t have language. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, 19, 173-210. [PDF]
Cheng Patricia ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de la pensée et du raisonnement. Collaboratrice de Holyoak et Nisbett.
 CHENG, P.W. & HOLYOAK, K.J. (1985). Pragmatic reasoning schemas. Cognitive Psychology, 17, 391-416.
 CHENG, P.W. & NOVICK, L.R. (1990). A probabilistic contrast model of causal induction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 58, 545-567.
 CHENG, P.W. & NISBETT, R.E. (1993). Pragmatic constraints on causal deduction. In R.E. Nisbett (Ed.), Rules for reasoning (pp. 207-227). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
 CHENG, P.W. (1997). From Covariation to causation : A causal power theory. Psychological Review, 104, 367-405.
 CHENG, P.W. & NOVICK, L.R. (2005). Constraints and nonconstraints in causal learning : Reply to White (2005) and to Luhmann and Ahn (2005). Psychological Review, 112, 694-706.
Chercher : Le terme a deux significations différentes : a) En science, il désigne la démarche formelle qui vise à découvrir de nouveaux aspects de la réalité, de nouvelles propriétés des objets (ou de confirmer celles qui existent déjà). = Découvrir. b) Chez l'enfant, la recherche - souvent sous forme de jeu - est un comportement qui permet à l'enfant d'explorer son milieu, et de découvrir les propriétés des objets qu'il connaît déjà. Chercher et découvrir. Search behavior.
   
a
b
COLE, M. (1965). Search behavior : A correction procedure for three-choice probability learning. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 2, 145-170.
CUMMINGS, E.M. & BJORK, E.L. (1981). The search behavior of 12 to 14 month-old infants on a five-choice invisible displacement hiding task. Infant Behavior & Development, 4, 47-60. [PDF]
CUMMINGS, E.M. & BJORK, E.L. (1981). Search on a five-choice invisible displacement hiding task : A rejoinder to Schuberth and Gratch. Infant Behavior & Development, 4, 65-67. [PDF]
DIAMOND, A. (1981). Retrieval of an object from an open box: The development of visual-tactile control of reaching in the first year of life. Society for Research in Child Development Abstracts, 3, 78 - 78.
Chercheur : Chercheure : Individu - généralement un-e scientifique - qui conçoit et réalise une recherche scientifique. Chercheur, scientifique et formation des chercheurs. Researcher, scientist.
 
SCHMIDT, F. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology : Implications for the training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1, 115-129. [PDF]
ALLINGTON, R.L. (1999). Crafting state educational policy : The slippery slope of educational research and researchers. Journal of Literacy Research, 31, 457-482.
MALAVIYA, P. (2001). Human participants-respondents and researchers. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 10 (1-2), 115-121. [PDF]
BENNINGHOFF, M. (2011). "Publish or perish" : la fabrique du chercheur-entrepreneur. Carnets de bord, 7, 47-58. [PDF]
CHAPOUTIER, G. & TRISTANI-POTTEUX, F. (2013). Le chercheur et la souris. Paris : CNRS Éditions.
 
Voir aussi Éthique, Fraude, Étude indépendante et Comité institutionnel de déontologie
Chercheur/Scientifique (Éthique/Déontologie) : Éthique personnelle et collective des chercheurs et des scientifiques, qui se compose de règles, de principes et de normes qui régissent la pratique scientifique. Éthique scientifique, étude indépendante et comité institutionnel de déontologie. /fraude scientifique.
 
Matière à réflexion...
Assurer la confidentialité Consentement des participants Rémunération des participants
Choix des participants Préserver l'anonymat Tromper des participants
 
   
ADAMS, C.W. (1946). The age at which scientists do their best work. Isis, 36,166-169.
 HOBBS, N. (1959). Science and ethical behavior. American Psychologist, 14, 217-25. GOREE, C. & MARSZALEK, J. (1995). Electronic surveys : Ethical issues for researchers. The College Student Affairs Journal, 15 (1), 75-79.
BAUMRIND, D. (1971). Principles of ethical conduct in the treatment of subjects : Reaction to the draft report of the Committee on Ethical Standards in Psychological Research. American Psychologist, 26, 887-896. GROSS, R.D. (1995). Themes, issues and debates in psychology. London : Hodder and Stoughton.
ZUCKERMAN, H. & MERTON, R.K. (1973). Age, aging and age structure in science. In R.K. Merton (Ed.), The sociology of science (pp. 493–-560). Chicago : Chicago University Press.
 GOLDIAMOND, I. (1974). Toward a constructional approach to social problems : ethical and constitutional issues raised by applied behavior analysis. Behaviorism, 2, 1-84. [PDF] HERVÉ, C. (1998). Éthique de la recherche et éthique clinique. Paris : l'Harmattan.
STOLZ, S.B. (1975). Ethical issues in research on behavior therapy. In W.S. Wood (Ed.), Issues in evaluating behavior modification. Champaign, Il. : Research Press. CAVERNI, J.-P. (1998). L'éthique dans les sciences du comportement. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France/Que sais-je ?
HOOK, S., KURTZ, P. & TODORICH, M. (Eds.) (1977). The ethics of teaching and scientific research. Buffalo : Prometheus Books. WEIJER, C. (1999). Placebo-controlled trials in schizophrenia : are they ethical ? Are they necessary ? Schizophrenia Research, 35, 211-218.
ZUCKERMAN, H. (1977). Scientific elite : Nobel laureates in the United States. New York : The Free Press.
CHAMBADAL, P. (1979). Savoir, devoir, pouvoir, la science moderne et les fondements de l'éthique. Paris : Copernic. KELMAN, H.C. (2001). Ethical limits on the use of influence in hierarchical relationships. In J.M. Darley, D. Messick & T.R. Tyler (Eds.), Social influences on ethical behavior in organizations (pp. 11-20). Mahwah, NJ, and London : Lawrence Erlbaum. [PDF]
KELMAN, H.C. (1982). Ethical issues in different social science methods. In T.L. Beauchamp, R.R. Faden, R.J. Wallace & L. Walters (Eds.), Ethical issues in social science research. (pp. 40-98). Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press. [PDF] BENASSAYAG, M. (2002). L'éthique de la recherche. Montréal : Presses Universitaires de Montréal.
HORNER, K.L., RUSHTON, J.P. & VERNON, P.A. (1986). Relation between aging and research productivity of academic psychologists. Psychology & Aging, 1, 319–324. WRAY, K.B. (2003). Is science really a young man’s game ? Social Studies of Science, 33, 137–149.
FAIRBAIRN, S. & FAIRBAIRN, G. (Eds.) (1987). Psychology, ethics and change. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.
SHINN, T. (1988) Hiérchie des chercheurs et formes de recherches. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales, 74, 2–22.
RAMOS, M.C. (1989). Some ethical implications of qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 12, 1, 57-63. KEITH-SPIEGEL, P. & TABACHNICK, B.G. (2006). What scientists want from their research ethics committee. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 1 (1), 67-82.
CHALMERS, I. (1990). Underreporting research is scientific misconduct. Journal of American Medical Association, 263, 1405-1408. FARAH, M.J. (2008). Neuroethics and the problem of other minds : implications of neuroscience for the moral status of brain-damaged patients and nonhuman animals. Neuroethics, 1, 9-18.
SABOURIN, M.E. (1994). Problèmes éthiques en recherche humaine et animale. Dans M. Richelle, J. Requin et M. Robert (Dirs.), Traité de psychologie expérimentale. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct : Amendments. American Psychologist, 65 (5), 493.
SABOURIN, M.E. (1994). Problèmes éthiques en recherche humaine et animale. Dans M. Richelle, J. Requin & M. Robert (Dirs.), Traité de psychologie expérimentale. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. FARAH, M.J. (2015). An ethics toolbox for neurotechnology. Neuron, 86, 34-37.
 
Voir aussi Éthique, Fraude, Étude indépendante et Comité institutionnel de déontologie
 
Chercheur (Formation) : Ensemble des ressources qui permet l'acquisition des rudiments et des ficelles du métier de scientifique et de chercheurs. = formation des scientifiques. Formation, doctorat et enseignement des sciences.
   
WONG, H.Y. & SANDERS, J.M. (1982). Gender differences in the attainment of doctorates. Sociological Perspectives, 26 (1), 29-49. SCHIMDT, F. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology : Implications for the training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1, 115-129. [PDF]
BERG, H.M. & FERBER, M.A. (1983). Men and women graduate students : Who succeeds and why ? Journal of Higher Education, 54, 629-648. BAZELEY, P. (1999). Continuing research by PhD graduates. Higher Education Quarterly, 53 (4), 333-352.
BARGAR, R.R. & MAYO-CHAMBERLAIN, J. (1983). Advisor and advisee issues in doctoral education. Journal of Higher Education 54, 408-432. VALLERAND, R.J. & GROUZET, F.M.E. (2001). La formation des chercheur(e)s au doctorat en psychologie sociale : la perspective du laboratoire de recherche sur le comportement social. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 51-52, 142-152. [PDF]
KAZDIN, A.E. (1990). Commentary on "graduate training in statistics, methodology, and measurement in psychology : A survey of PhD programs in North America". American Psychologist, 45, 729. HOLBROOK, A., BOURKE, S., LOVAT, T. & DALLY, K. (2004). Qualities and characteristics in the written reports of doctoral thesis examiners. Australian Journal of Educational & Developmental Psychology, 4, 126-145.
AIKEN, L.S., WEST, S.G., SECHREST, L. & RENO, R.R. (1990). Graduate training in statistics, methodology, and measurement in psychology : A survey of PhD programs in North America. American Psychologist, 45, 721-734. [PDF] LANDRUM, R.E. & CLARK, J. (2005). Graduate admissions criteria in psychology : An update. Psychological Reports, 97, 481-484.
BAIRD, L.L. (1990). Disciplines and doctorates : The relationships between program characteristics and the duration of doctoral study. Research in Higher Education, 31, 369-385. LEECH, N.L. & GOODWIN, L.D. (2008). Building a methodological foundation : Doctoral-level methods courses in colleges of education. Research in the Schools, 15 (1), 1-8.

Voir aussi Chercheur
Chercheur (Stratégie) : Ensemble des stratégies - certaines légitimes, d'autres pas - utilisées par les scientifiques pour promouvoir leur travaux et obtenir des subventions de recherche. Parmi ces stratégies, on trouve : l'augmentation de la visibilité publique (EX: passage à la TV, à la radio, dans les journaux), association avec les grandes entreprises (EX: chaire de recherche), déclaration prématurée ou exagérée d'une découverte (EX: gène de l'homosexualité, de la dyslexie, etc.), concentration des recherches dans les secteurs largement subventionnés par l'état (EX: ) remise de prix (EX: prix Nobel). Même si on attribue aucune intention malveillante aux chercheurs qui ont recours à ces stratégies, il faut reconnaître qu'elles ne servent pas toujours uniquement à augmenter la diffusion de la connaissance (angélisme scientifique). Il semble légitime de s'interroger sur les effets pervers de certaines de ces stratégies, notamment sur l'utilité, la pertinence et la validité de la recherche scientifique. Stratégie des chercheurs, scientisme et angélisme scientifique.
   
Voir aussi Chercheur
 Cherney Isabelle D. ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de l'étude du dévelopement, du jeu et des jouets, notamment des jouets stéréotypés. Elle s'intéresse également aux différences sexuelles sur le plan intellectuel. Collaboratrice de Voyer.
CHERNEY, I.D. & RYALLS, B.O. (1999). Gender-linked differences in the incidental memory of children and adults. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 72, 305-328.
CHERNEY, I.D., KELLY-VANCE, L., GILL GLOVER, K., RUANE, A. & OLIVER RYALLS, B. (2003). The effects of stereotyped toys and gender on play assessment in children aged 18-47 months. Educational Psychology : An International Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology, 23 (1), 95-106. [PDF]
CHERNEY, I.D. (2005). Children's and adults' recall of sex-stereotyped toy pictures : Effects of presentation and memory task. Infant & Child Development, 14, 11-27. [PDF]
CHERNEY, I.D., HARPER, H.J. et WINTER, J.A. (2006). Nouveaux jouets : ce que les enfants identifient comme "jouets de garçons" et "jouets de filles". / Toys for tots : What preschoolers identify as "boy and girl toys". Enfance, 3, 266-282. [PDF]
CHERNEY, I.D. (2008). Mom, let me play more computer games : They improve my mental rotation skills. Sex Roles, 59 (11-12), 776-786. [PDF]
 Chernobyl (Accident) : = Tchernobyl en français. Voir Nucléaire.
Cherry/Sherry
Edward Colin Cherry Todd L. Cherry Simone B. Sherry
 
 Cherry Edward Colin (St Albans 1914-1979 Londres) : Mathématicien et cognitiviste américain d'origine anglaise. On lui doit notamment la découverte de l'effet cocktail party. Étudiant de Wiener. Collaborateur de Rosenblueth.
CHERRY, E.C. (1949). Pulses and transients in communication circuits : an introduction to network transient analysis for television an radar engineers. Chapman & Hall.
CHERRY, E.C. (1953). Some experiments on the recognition of speech, with one and with two ears. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25 (5), 975. [PDF]
CHERRY, E.C. (1961). Information theory. Butterworths.
CHERRY, E.C. (1966). On human communication : A review, a survey, and a criticism. MIT Press.
CHERRY, E.C. (1971). World communication : Threat or promise. John Wiley.
WILDER, C. (1977). A conversation with Colin Cherry. Human Communication Research, 3, 354-362.
WOOD, N.L. & COWAN, N. (1995). The cocktail party phenomenon revisited : Attention and memory in the classic selective listening procedure of Cherry (1953). Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 21, 255-260.
 Cherry Todd L. ( ) : Économiste américain et spécialiste de l'économie comportementale et exprérimentale. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'étude des effets économiques du réchauffement climatique. Collaborateur de List.
CHERRY, T.L. & LIST, J.A. (2002). Aggregation bias in the economic model of crime. Economics Letters, 75 (1), 81-86.
CHERRY, T.L., FRYKBLOM, P. & SHOGREN, J.F. (2002). Hardnose dictator. American Economic Review, 92 (4), 1218-1221.
CHERRY, T.L. & KROLL, S. (2003). Crashing the party : An experimental investigation of strategic voting in primary elections. Public Choice, 114 (3/4), 387-420.
CHERRY, T.L. & COTTEN, S.J. (2011). "Sleeping with the enemy" : The economic cost of internal environmental conflicts. Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, 49 (2), 530-539.
CHERRY, T.L., KALBEKKEN, S., SAELEN, H. & AAKRE, S. (2021). Can the Paris Agreement deliver ambitious climate cooperation ? An experimental investigation of the effectiveness of pledge-and-review and targeting short-lived climate pollutants. Environmental Science & Policy, 123, 35-43.
Cherry Picking : Voir Biais de confirmation.
Chesebro Joseph. L. ( ) : Spécialiste de l'éducation. Il s'intéresse notamment à la clarté des enseignants. Collaborateur de McCroskey.
CHESEBRO, J.L. & McCROSKEY, J.C. (1998). The development of the teacher clarity short inventory (TCSI) to measure clear teaching in the classroom. Communication Research Reports, 15, 262-266. [PDF]
CHESEBRO, J.L. & McCROSKEY, J.C. (1998). The relationship of teacher clarity and teacher immediacy with students' experiences of state receiver apprehension. Communication Quarterly, 46, 446-456. [PDF]
CHESEBRO, J.L. & McCROSKEY, J. (2000). The relationship between students' reports of learning and their actual recall of lecture material : A validity test. Communication Education, 49, 297-301. [PDF]
CHESEBRO, J.L. & McCROSKEY, J.C. (2001). The relationship of teacher clarity and immediacy with student state receiver apprehension, affect, and cognitive learning. Communication Education, 50, 59-68. [PDF]
CHESEBRO, J.L. (2003). Effects of teacher clarity and nonverbal immediacy on student learning, receiver apprehension, and affect. Communication Education, 52, 135-147. [PDF]
Chess Stella (New York 1914-2007 New York) : Psychiatre américaine spécialisée dans l'étude de la personnalité et du tempérament. Elle a réalisé, en collabation avec Thomas, une recherche longitudinale sur le développement émotionnel et social de 133 enfants de leur naissance jusqu'à l'âge de 30 ans (New York Longitudinal Study). Collaboratrice de Thomas.
CHESS, S., THOMAS, A. & BIRCH, H.G. (1959). Characteristics of the individual child's behavioral responses to the environment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 29 (4), 791-802.
CHESS, S., THOMAS, A., BIRCH, H.G. & HERTZIG, M.E. (1960). Implications of a longitudinal study of child development for child psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 117, 434-441.
CHESS, S. (1962). Psychiatric treatment of the mentally retarded child with behavior problems. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 32 (5), 863-869.
CHESS, S., THOMAS, A. & CAMERON, M. (1976).Sexual attitudes and behavior patterns in a middle-class adolescent population. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46 (4), 689-701.
CHESS, S. & THOMAS, A. (1982). Infant bonding : Mystique and reality. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52 (2), 213-222.
HERTZIG, M.E. (2008). Stella Chess, M.D. (1914-2007). Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47 (6), 727-728.
 Cheung Fanny Mui Ching ( ) : Psychologue chinoise. Collaboratrice de Halpern et Zhang.
CHEUNG, F.M., LEONG, F.T.L. & BEN-PORATH, Y.S. (2003). The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Psychological Assessment, 15 (3), 243-247. [PDF]
CHEUNG, F.M., CHEUNG, S.F., WADA, S. & ZHANG, J. (2003). Indigenous measures of personality assessment in Asian countries : A review. Psychological Assessment, 15, 280-289.
CHEUNG, F.M., CHEUNG, S.F. & JIANXIN, Z. (2004). What is «Chinese» personality ? : Subgroup differences in the Chinese Personality Asesment Inventory (CPAI-2). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 36 (4), 491-499. [PDF]
CHEUNG, F.M., CHEUNG, S.F. & LEUNG, F. (2008). Clinical utility of the Cross-Cultural (Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI-2) in the assessment of substance use disorders among Chinese men. Psychological Assessment, 20 (2), 103-113.
CHEUNG, F.M. & HALPERN, D.F. (2010). Women at the top : Powerful leaders define success as work + family in a culture of gender. American Psychologist, 65, 182-193.
Cheval : Animal de la classe des mammifères. = (Equus caballus). Horse.
   
STONE, C.P. (1935). Sex difference in the running ability of thoroughbred horses. Comparative Psychology, 19, 59-67.  MIYASHITA, Y., NAKAJIMA, S. & IMADA, H. (2000). Differential outcome effect in the horse. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 74, 245-253. [PDF]
 LYNCH, B. (1974). Heart rate changes in the horse to human contact. Psychophysiology, 11, 472-478.  NICOL, C.J. (2002). Equine learning : progress and suggestions for future research. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 78, 193-208.
 MADER, D.R. & PRICE, E.O. (1980). Discrimination learning in horses : effects of breed, age and social dominance. Journal of Animal Science, 50, 962-965.
 DOUGHERTY, D.M. & LEWIS, P. (1991). Stimulus generalization, discrimination learning, and peak shift in horses. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56 (1), 97-104. [PDF]  WILSON, D.V., BERNEY, C.E., PERONI, D.L., MULLINEAUX, D.R. & ROBINSON, N.E. (2004). The effects of a single acupuncture treatment in horses with severe recurrent airway obstruction. Equine Veterinary Journal, 36 (6), 489-494.
 TIMNEY, B. & KEIL, K. (1992). Visual acuity in the horse. Vision Research, 32 (12), 2289-2293.
 DOUGHERTY, D.M. & LEWIS, P. (1993). Generalization of a tactile stimulus in horses. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56 (3), 521-528. [PDF]  HANGGI, E.B. (2006). The thinking horse : cognition and perception reviewed. AAEP Proceeding, 51, 246-255. [PDF]
 SAPPINGTON, B.F. & GOLDMAN, L. (1994). Discrimination learning and concept formation in the Arabian horse. Journal of Animal Science, 72, 3080-3087. MARTIN, T.I. & ZENTALL, T.R. (2006). Simple discrimination reversals in the domestic horse (Equus caballus). Applied Animal Behavior Science, 101, 328-338.
 TIMNEY, B. & KEIL, K. (1996). Horses are sensitive to pictorial depth cues. Perception, 25 (9), 696 1121-1128.  MURPHY, J. & ARKINS, S. (2007). Equine learning behaviour. Behavioural Processes, 76, 1-13. [PDF]
 FLANNERY, B. (1997). Relational discrimination learning in horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 54, 267-280.  LEBLANC, M.-A. & DUNCAN, P. (2009). Can studies of cognitive abilities and of life in the wild really help us to understand equine learning ? Behavioural Processes, 76, 49-52. [PDF]
KURLAND, A. (1998). Clicker training for your horse. Waltham, MA : Sunshine Books.
 HANGGI, E.B. (1999). Interocular transfer of learning in horses (Equus caballus).Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 19, 518-523.  FUREIX, C., PAGÈS, M., BON, R., LASSALL, J.-M., KUNTZ, P. & GONZALEZ, G. (2009). A preliminary study of the effects of handling type on horses' emotional reactivity and the human-horse relationship. Behavioural Processes, 82, 202-210. [PDF]
 LINDBERG, A.C., KELLAND, A. & NICO, C.J. (1999). Effects of observational learning on acquisition of an operant response in horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 61, 187-199.  HANGGI, E.B. & INGERSOLL, J.F. (2009). Long-term memory for categories and concepts in horses (Equus caballus). Animal Cognition, 12 (3), 451-462.
 MIYASHITA, Y., NAKAJIMA, S. & IMADA, H. (1999). Panel-touch behavior of horses established by an autoshaping procedure. Psychological Reports, 85, 867-868.  PROOPS, L. & McCOMB, K. (2010). Attributing attention : the use of human-given cues by domestic horses (Equus caballus). Animal Cognition, 13, 197-205.

BURNIE, D. (Dir.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley /Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Animal
Cheveu : Cheveau, apparence et beauté Hair.
   
STRATTON, G.M. (1934). Emotional reactions connected with differences in Cephalic Index, shade of hair, and color of eyes in Caucasians. American Journal of Psychology, 46, 409-419. HINSZ, V.B., MATZ, D.C. & PATIENCE, R. A. (2001). Does women's hair signal reproductive potential. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 37, 166-172.
LAWSON, E.D. (1971). Hair color, personality, and the observer. Psychological Reports, 28, 311-322. SUEDFELD, P., PATERSON, H., SORIANO, E. & ZUVIC, S. (2002). Lethal stereotypes : Hair and eye color as survival characteristics during the Holocaust. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32 (11), 2368-2376.
PETERSON, K. & CURRAN, J.P. (1976). Trait attribution as a function of hair length and correlates of subjects : Preferences for hair style. Journal of Psychology, 93, 331-339.
 STILLMAN, J.W. & HENSLEY, W.E. (1980). She wore a flower in a hair : The effect of ornamentation on nonverbal communication. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 1, 31-39.
 JUNI, S. & ROTH, M.M. (1985). The influence of hair color on eliciting help : Do blondes have more fun ? Social Behavior & Personality, 13 (1), 11-14. FROST, P. (2006). European hair and eye color : A case of frequency-dependent sexual selection ? Evolution & Human Behavior, 27, 85-103. [PDF]
SCHACHTER, S.C., RANSIL, B.J. & GESHWIND, N. (1987). Associations of handedness with hair color and learning disabilities. Neuropyschologia, 25 (1B), 269-276. TAKEDA, M., HELMS, M.M. & ROMAOVA, N. (2006). Hair color stereotyping and CEO selection in the United Kingdom. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 13, 85-99. [PDF]
 SYNNOTT, A. (1987). Shame and glory : Sociology of hair. The British Journal of Sociology, 38, 381-413. SWAMI, V., FURNHAM, A. & JOSHI, K. (2008). The influence of skin tone, hair length, and hair colour on ratings of women's physical attractiveness, health, and fertility. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 429-437.
OKAZAWA-REY, M., ROBINSON, T. & WARD, J.V. (1987). Black women and the politics of skin color and hair. Women & Therapy, 6 (1-2), 89-102. GUÉGUEN, N. & LAMY, L. (2009). Hitchhiking women's hair color. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 109, 941-948. [PDF]
WEIR S. & FINE-DAVIS, M. (1989). "Dumb blonde" and "temperamental redhead" : The effect of hair colour on some attributed personality characteristics of women. Irish Journal of Psychology, 10, 11-19. BREBNER, J.L., MARTIN, D. & MACRAE, N. (2009). Dude looks like a lady : Exploring the malleability of person categorization. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 109-119.
 RICH, M.K. & CASH, T. (1993). The American image of beauty : Media representation of hair color for four decades. Sex Roles, 29 (1/2), 113-124. MANNING, J. (2010). The sociology of hair : Hair symbolism among college students. Social Sciences Journal, 10 (1), 35-48. [PDF]
 TERRY, R.L. & KRANTZ, J.H. (1993). Dimensions of trait attributions associated with and women’s hair length. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23 (21), 1757-1769. GUÉGUEN, N. (2011). Mythes et réalité des blondes. Cerveau et Psycho, 47, 20-23. [PDF]
 KYLE, D.J. & MAHLER, H.I.M. (1996). The effects of hair color and cosmetic use on perceptions of a female's ability. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 447-455. GUÉGUEN, N., STEFAN, J., JACOB, C. & SOBECKI, M. (2014). She wore a red/white flower in her hair : The effect of hair ornamentation on compliance with a survey request. Marketing Bulletin, 25, 1-5. [PDF]

Voir Attirance physique, Beauté, Maquillage et Apparence physique

Chèvre : Animal de la classe des mammifères. Chèvre, bélier et mouton. Goat.
   
LICKLITER, R. (1982). Effects of a post-partum separation on maternal responsiveness in primiparous and multiparous domestic goats. Applied Animal Ethology, 8, 537-542. LICKLITER, R. (1985). Behavior associated with parturition in the domestic goat. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 13, 335-345.
LICKLITER, R. & HERON, J.R. (1984). Recognition of mother by newborn goats. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 12, 187-193. LICKLITER, R. (1987). Activity patterns and companion preferences of domestic goat kids. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 19, 137-145.
LICKLITER, R. (1984). Hiding behavior in domestic goat kids. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 12, 245-251. METZLER, J.A., PRICE, E.O., KITCHELL, R.L. & BONDURANT, R.H. (1988). Sexual behavior of male dairy goats : effects of deafferentation of the genitalia. Physiology & Behavior, 43 (2), 207-212.
LICKLITER, R. (1984). Mother-infant spatial relationships in domestic goats. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 13, 93-100. PRICE, E.O., BORGWARDT, R., ORIHUELA, A. & DALLY, M.R. (1998). Sexual stimulation in male sheep and goats. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 59 (4), 317-322.
ZOHARY, D., TCHERNOV, E. & HORWITZ, L. (1998). The role of unconscious selection in the domestication of sheep and goats. Journal of Zoology, 245, 129-135.
KAMINSKI, J., CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2006). Goats` behaviour in a competitive food paradigm : Evidence for perspective taking ? Behaviour, 143 (11), 1341-1356. [PDF]

BURNIE, D. (Dir.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Animal
Cheyne J. Allen ( ) : Psychologue canadien spécialisé dans l'étude de la paralysie du sommeil.
CHEYNE, J.A., NEWBY-CLARK, I.R. & RUEFFER, S.D. (1999). Sleep paralysis and associated hypnagogic and hypnopompic experiences. Journal of Sleep Research, 8, 313-318
CHEYNE, J.A. (2002). Situational factors affecting sleep paralysis and associated hallucinations : Position and timing effects. Journal of Sleep Research, 11, 169-177.
CHEYNE, J.A. (2003). Sleep paralysis and the structure of waking-nightmare hallucinations. Dreaming, 13, 163-179.
CHEYNE, J.A. (2005). Sleep paralysis episode frequency and number, types, and structure of Associated Hallucinations. Journal of Sleep Research, 14, 319-324.
CHEYNE, J.A. & GIRARD, T.A. (2009). The body unbound : Vestibular-motor hallucinations and out-of-body experiences. Cortex, 45, 201-215.
 
CHE - CHICKERING - CHIEN - CHIESA - CHIFFRE - CHIL - CHIMPANZÉ - CHINE - CHIROPRACTIE - CHIRURGIE - CHLORPROMAZINE - CHO
Chi Michelene T.H. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine, spécialisée en éducation, plus particulièrement dans l'étude de l'expertise et des processus cognitifs qui contribuent à son developpement. Elle s'intéresse àgalement à l'apprentissage actif.
CHI, M.T.H., FELTOVITCH, P. & GLASER, R. (1981). Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices. Cognitive Science, 5, 121-152. [PDF] + [PDF]
CHI, M.T.H., DE LEEUW, N., CHIU, M-H-. & LAVANCHER, C. (1994). Eliciting self-explanations improves understanding. Cognitive Science, 18, 439-477. [PDF]
CHI, M.T.H. (2005). Common sense conceptions of emergent processes : Why some misconceptions are robust. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 14, 161-199.
CHI, M.T.H., ROY, M. & HAUSMANN, R.G.M. (2008). Observing tutorial dialogues collaboratively : insights about human tutoring effectiveness from vicarious learning. Cognitive Science, 32, 301-341. [PDF]
CHI, M.T.H. & WYLIE, R. (2014). The ICAP framework : linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes. Educational Psychologist, 49 (4), 219–243.
Chi-carré : Voir Test du Khi-icarré/Khi-deux.
Chiappe Penny ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de la lecture. Étudiante de Stanovich. Collaboratrice de Siegel.
CHIAPPE, P., HASHER, L. & SIEGEL, L.S. (2000). Working memory, inhibitory control and reading disability. Memory & Cognition, 28, 8-17. [PDF]
CHIAPPE, P., CHIAPPE, D.L. & SIEGEL, L.S. (2001). Speech perception, lexicality and reading skill. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 80, 58-74.
CHIAPPE, P., STRINGER, R., SIEGEL, L.S. & STANOVICH, K.E. (2002). Why the timing deficit hypothesis does not explain reading disability in adults. Reading & Writing : An Interdisciplinary Journal, 15, 73-107.
CHIAPPE, P., SIEGEL, L.S. & WADE-WOOLLEY, L. (2002). Linguistic diversity and the development of reading skills : A longitudinal study. Scientific Study of Reading, 6, 369-400.
CHIAPPE, P. & SIEGEL, L.S. (2006). The development of reading for Canadian children from diverse linguistic backgrounds : A longitudinal study. Elementary School Journal, 107, 135-152.
Chickering Arthur W. (Nattick 1927-2020 East Monpellier) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'éducation. En collaboration avec Gamson, il a proposé une méthode d'enseignement fondée sur sept principes pédagogiques. Collaborateur de Gamson.
CHICKERING, A.W. (1969). Education and identity. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
CHICKERING, A.W. & McCORMICK, J. (1973). Personality development and the college experience. Research in Higher Education, 1, 43-70. [PDF]
CHICKERING, A.W. & GAMSON, Z.F. (1987). Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education. AAHE Bulletin, 39 (7), 3-7. [PDF] + [PDF]
CHICKERING, A.W. & ERHMANN, S.C. (1996). Implementing the seven principles : Technology as lever. AAHE Bulletin, 49 (2), 3-6. [PDF]
CHICKERING, A.W. & GAMSON, Z.F. (1999). Development and adaptations of the seven principles for good practice in indergraduate education. New Directions in Teaching & Learning, 80, 75-81. [PDF]
RITTER, M. & LEMKE, K.A. (2000). Addressing the 'seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education' with Internet-enhanced education. Journal of Geography, 24 (1), 100-108.
KOECKERITZ, J., MALKIEWICZ, J. & HENDERSON, A. (2002). The seven principles of good practice : Applications for online education in nursing. Nurse Educator, 27, 283-287.
BANGERT, A.W. (2004). The seven principles of good practice : A framework for evaluating on-line teaching. Internet & Higher Education, 7, 217-232. [PDF]
GOKTAS, Y. (2009). Incorporating blogs and the seven principles of good practice into preservice ICT courses : A case study. The Educational Review, 19 (3-4), 29-44.
TIRELL, T. (2012). Chickering's seven principles of good practice : Student attrition in community college online courses. Community College Journal of Research & Practice, 36 (8), 580-590.
CAKIROGLU, U. (2014). Evaluating students'perspectives about virtual classrooms with regard to seven principles of good practice. South African Journal of Education, 34 (2), 1-19.
JOHNSON, S. (2014). Applying the seven principles of good practice : Technology as a Lever - in an online research course. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 13 (2), 41-50. [PDF]
Chien : Animal qui salive selon Pavlov; sait danser selon Schultz. Sur le plan biologique, il s'agit d'un mammifère carnassier de la famille des canidés. L'ancêtre ommun de tous les chiens est le loup, domestiqué il y a 10 ou 15 mille ans. En psychologie, on l'utilise comme modèle pour étudier de nombreux phénomènes, notamment l'apprentissage (conditionnement opérant et répondant). On se sert notamment d'un cliqueur pour conditionner les chiens. NDLR : Les chiens, c'est aussi un excellent groupe rock québécois. Chien, Pavlov et zoothérapie. =(Canis familiari). Dog, pet.
   
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WARDEN, C.J. & WARNER, L.H. (1928). The sensory capacities and intelligence of dogs, with a report on the ability of the noted dog "fellow" to respond to verbal stimuli. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 3, 1-128. AGNETTA, B., HARE, B. & TOMASELLO, M. (2000). Cues to food location that domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of different ages do and do not use. Animal Cognition, 3, 107-112.
HILGARD, E.R. & MARQUIS, D.G. (1935). Acquisition, extinction, and retention of the conditioned response to light in dogs. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 19, 29-58. SOPRONI, K., MIKLOSI, A., TOPÀL, J. & CSÀNYI, V. (2001). Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 122-126.
JAMES, W.T. (1943). The formation of neurosis in dogs by increasing the energy requirement of a conditioned avoiding response. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 36 (2), 109-124. GÀCSI, M., TOPÀL, J., MIKLOSI, À., DOKA, A. & CSÀNYI, V. (2001). Attachment behaviour of adult dogs (Canis familiaris) living at rescue centres : Forming new bonds. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 423-431.
COPPINGER, R. & COPPINGER, L. (2001). Dogs : A startling new understanding of canine origin, behavior and evolution. New York, NY : Scribner.
BROGDEN, W.J. (1949). Acquisition and extinction of a conditioned avoidance response in dog. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 42, 296-302. WATSON, J.S., GERGELY, G., TOPÀL, J., GÀCSI, M., SARKOSI, Z. & CSÀNYI, V. (2001). Distinguishing logic from association in the solution of an invisible displacement task by children and dogs : Using negation of disjunction. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115, 219-226.
SOLOMON, R.L. & WYNNE, L.C. (1950). Avoidance conditioning in normal dogs and in dogs deprived of normal autonomic functioning. American Psychologist, 5, 264. PONGRÀSZ, P., MIKLOSI, À., KUBINYI, E., GUROBI, K., TOPÀL, J. & CSÀNYI, V. (2001). Social learning in dogs : The effect of a human demons trator on the performance of dogs (Canis familiaris) in a detour task. Animal Behaviour, 62, 1109-1117.
JAMES, W.T. (1950). Operant conditioning apparatus for dogs. Journal of General Psychology, 43, 143-145. PONGRÀSZ, P., MIKLOSI, A. & CSÀNYI, V. (2001). Owners’ beliefs on the ability of their pet dogs to understand human verbal communication : a case of social understanding. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive / Current Psychology of Cognition, 20, 87-107.
CLARKE, R.S. (1951). Individual differences in dogs : Preliminary report on the effects of early experience. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 5 (4), 150-156. SOPRONI, K., MIKLOSI, À., TOPÀL, J. & CSÀNYI, V. (2001). Comprehension of human communicative signs in pet dogs (Canis familiaris). Journal of Comparative Psychology 115 (2), 122-126. [PDF]
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YIN, S. (2004). A new perspective on barking in dogs (Canis familiaris). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 116, 189-193.
MELZACK, R. (1952). Irrational fears in the dog. Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie, 6 (3), 141. WILLIAMS, M. & JOHNSON, J.M. (2002). Training and maintaining the performance of dogs (Canis familiaris) on an increasing number of odor discriminations in a controlled setting. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 78 (1), 55-65.
JAMES, W.T. (1952). Observations on behavior of new-born puppies : Methods of measurement and types of behavior involved. Pedagological Seminary & Journal of Genetic Psychology, 80, 65-73. HARE, B., BROWN, M., WILLIAMSON, C. & TOMASELLO, M. (2002). The domestication of social cognition in dogs. Science, 298 (5598), 1634-1636.
SOLOMON, R.L. & WYNNE, L.C. (1953). Traumatic avoidance learning : Acquisition in normal dogs. Psychological Monographs, 67, 354. HENNESSEY, M.B., VOITH, V.L.,YOUNG, T.L., HAWKE, J., CENTONE, J. & McDOWELL, A.L. (2002). Behavior of dogs in a public animal shelter. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 5 (4), 253-273. [PDF]
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THOMPSON, W.R. & HERON, W. (1954). The effects of early restriction on activity in dogs. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology, 47 (1), 77-82. COPPINGER, R. & COPPINGER, L. (2002). Dogs : A new understanding of canine origin, behavior and evolution. University of Chicago Press.
MELZACK, R. (1954). The genesis of emotional behavior : an experimental study of the dog. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychiatry, 47 (2), 166-168. SZETEI, V., MIKLOSI, A., TOPÀL, J. & CSÀNYI, V. (2003). When dogs seem to lose their nose : an investigation on the use of visual and olfactory cues in communicative context between dog and owner. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 83, 141-152. [PDF]
PONGRÀCZ, P., MIKLOSI, A., KUBIYI, E., TOPÀL, J. & CSÀNYI, V. (2003). Interaction between individual experience and social learning in dogs. Animal Behaviour, 65, 595-603. [PDF]
THOMPSON, W.R. & HERON, W. (1954). The effects of restricting early experience on the problem-solving capacity of dogs. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 8 (1), 17-31. MIKLOSI, À., KUBINYI, E., TOPÀL, J., VIRANYI, Z. & CSÀNYI, V. (2003). A simple reason for a big difference : wolves do not look back at humans, but dogs do. Current Biology, 13 (9), 763-766. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Personnalité/animaux, Animal, Pavlov, Loup, Domestication, Épreuve du détour et Zoothérapie
BURNIE, D. (Dir.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi.  
Chiesa Mecca ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste et épistémologue anglaise, spécialisée dans l'étude du béhaviorisme.
CHIESA, M. (1992). Radical behaviorism and scientific frameworks : From mechanistic to relational accounts. / Reflections on B.F. Skinner and Psychology. American Psychologist, 47 (11), 11287-1299.
CHIESA, M. (1994). Radical behaviorism : The philosophy and the science. Boston, MA : Authors Cooperative.
CHIESA, M. (1998). Beyond mechanism and dualism : Rethinking the scientific foundations of psychology. British Journal of Psychology, 89, 353-370.
CHIESA, M. (1996). Cause, explanation, and theory in a science of behavior. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 22, 61-82.
CHIESA, M. (2001). Does terminology from biology work in the realm of operant behaviour ? Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 24 (3), 533-534.
Chiffre : Symbole ou signifiant d'un nombre. EX: X (en romain) et 10 (en arabe) sont des chiffres qui représentent le même nombre. *nombre. Number.
   
BLONDIAUX, L. (1994). Le chiffre et la croyance. Politix, 25, 117-152.
CIPOLOTTI, L., WARRINGTON, E.K. & BUTTERWORTH, B. (1995). Selective impairment in manipulating Arabic numerals. Cortex, 31 (1), 73-86. [PDF]

Voir aussi Nommer les chiffres et Compter
Chiffre magique (ou chiffre de Miller) : 7 +- 2 informations. Il s'agit selon Miller de la capacité moyenne de la mémoire à court terme. Dans la théorie de la mémoire de travail Baddeley, cette capacité est fixé à 4+- 1, par plusieurs auteurs. Chiffre magique et empan. = chiffre de Miller. Magical number.
   
MILLER, G.A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two : some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97.
BALAKRISHNAN, J.D. & ASHBY, F.G. (1992). Subitizing : Magical numbers or mere superstition ? Psychological Research, 54 (2), 80-90.
SHIFFRIN, R.M. & NOSOFSKY, R.M. (1994). Seven plus or minus two : A commentary on capacity limitations. Psychological Review, 101, 357-361. [PDF]
BADDELEY, A.D. (2001). The magic number and the episodic buffer. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 24, 117–118.
COWAN, N. (2001). The magical number 4 in short-term memory : A reconsideration of mental storage capacity. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 24, 87-114.
ANDERSON, J.R. (2002). Spanning seven orders of magnitude : A challenge for cognitive modeling. Cognitive Science, 26, 85-112. [PDF]
EGETH, H.E., LEONARD, C.J. & PALOMARES, M. (2008). The role of attention in subitizing : Is the magical number 1? Visual Cognition, 16, 463-473. [PDF]
COWAN, N. (2010). The magical mystery four : How is working Memory capacity limited and why ? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19, 51-57. [PDF]

Voir aussi Miller, Empan et Mémoire à court terme
Chiland Colette (Paris 1928-2016) : Psychiatre et psychanalyste française, spécialisée dans l'étude des intersexués et du transexualisme.
CHILAND, C. (2010). Homo psychanalyticus. Paris : Psychologie d'aujourd'hui /Presses Universitaires de France.
CHILAND, C. (2003). Le transsexualisme. Paris : Que sais-je ?/Presses Universitaires de France.
CHILAND, C. (2008). La problématique de l'identité sexuée/Gender identity issues. Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 56, 328-334.
CHILAND, C. (2011).Changer de sexe : Illusion et réalité. Paris : Odile Jacob.
CHILAND, C. (2013). Entretien clinique. Paris : Quadrige/Presses Universitaires de France.
BRACONNIER, A. (2005). Entretien avec Colette Chiland. Le Carnet Psy, 2 (97), 52.
CONSTANT, J. (2016). Colette Chiland, 1928/2016. L'Information Psychiatrique, 92 (10), 852-853.
Child Abuse & Neglect : Revue scientifique de psychologie consacrée à la violence, à la maltraitance et à la négligence faites aux enfants. Éditeur : Elsevier.
FALLER, K.C. (1984). Is the child victim of sexual abuse telling the truth? Child Abuse & Neglect, 8, 473-481.
 
Child Abuse Review : Revue scientifique de psychologie consacrée à la violence, à la maltraitance et à la négligence faites aux enfants. Éditeur : Wiley.
ITZIN, C. (1997). Pornography and the organization of intra-familial and extra-familial child sexual abuse : Developing a conceptual model. Child Abuse Review, 6 (2), 94-106.
 
Child & Development Mental Health : Revue scientifique de psychologie consacrée au développement des enfants. Éditeur : Wiley.
LINSCHEID, T., HARTEL, F. & COOLEY, N. (1993). Are aversives contingent electric shock. Child & Adolescent Mental Health Care, 3 (2), 67-76.
 
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry : Voir Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics (of North America) : Revue scientifique de psychiatrie. Éditeur : Elsevier.
ATTWOOD, T. (2003). Frameworks for behavioral interventions. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 12 (1), 65-86.
 
Child Development : Revue scientifique de psychologie consacrée au développement des enfants. Éditeur : Wiley.
BELSKY, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting : A process model. Child Development, 55, 83-90.
 
Child Development Perspectives : Revue scientifique de psychologie consacrée au développement des enfants. Éditeur : Wiley.
RAFFERTY, Y. (2008). The impact of trafficking on children : Psychological and social policy perspective. Child Development Perspectives, 2 (1), 13-18. [PDF]
 
Child Family & Behavior Therapy : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages aux enfants. Éditeur : Springer.
HEFFNER, M., GRECO, L.A. & EIFERT, G.H. (2003). Pretend you are a turtle : Children’s responses to metaphorical and literal relaxation instructions. Child Family & Behavior Therapy, 25, 19-33.
 
Child Indicators Research : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages aux enfants. Éditeur : Springer.
ROTHWELL, D.W. & DE BOER, K. (2014). Measuring economic hardship in child maltreatment research : Evidence from Canada. Child Indicators Research, 7 (2), 301-320.
 
Child Language Teaching & Therapy : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'acquisition du langage chez les enfants. Éditeur : Sage.
HASSON, N. & JOFFE, V. (2007). The case for dynamic assessment in speech and language therapy. Child Language Teaching & Therapy, 23 (1), 9-25. [PDF]
 
Child Maltreatment : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à la maltraitance et à la négligence. Éditeur : Sage.
BAUMRIND, D. (1995). Child maltreatment and optimal caregiving in social contexts. New York : Garland Publishing.
 
Child Neurology : Revue scientifique de neurologie spécialisée dans l'étude des enfants. Éditeur : Sage. = Child Neurol.
RIMLAND, B.J. (1988). Controversies in the treatment of autistic children : vitamin and drug therapy. Child Neurology, 3 (S), 68-72.
 
Child Neuropsychology : Revue scientifique de neuropsychologie spécialisée dans l'étude des enfants. Éditeur : Taylor et Francis. = Child Neuropsychol.
ASARNOW, R.F. (2000). Trends in child neuropsychology. Child Neuropsychology, 6 (1), 1-2.
 
Child Psychiatry & Human Development : Revue scientifique de psychiatriequi consacre ses pages au développement des enfants. Éditeur : Springer.
LYKKEN, D.T. (1997). Incompetent parenting : Its causes and cures. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 27, 129-137.
 
Child Psycholgy & Psychiatry Review : Revue scientifique de psychiatrie qui consacre ses pages à l'étude des enfants. Éditeur : Cambridge Journals.
NAYLOR, P., COWIE, H. & DEL REY, R. (2001). Coping strategies of secondary school children in response to being bullied. Child Psychology & Psychiatry Review, 6 (3), 114-120. [PDF]
 
Child Study Journal (1983-2004) : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude des enfants.
GRAYBILL, D., KIRSCH, J.R. & ESSELMAN, E.D. (1985). Effects of playing violent versus nonviolent video games on the aggressive ideation of aggressive and nonaggressive children. Child Study Journal, 15, 199-205.
 
Childhood : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages aux enfants. Éditeur : Sage.
SHEK, D.T.L. (2004). Chinese cultural beliefs about adversity : Its relationship to psychological well-being, school adjustment and problem behaviour in Hong Kong adolescents with and without economic disadvantage. Childhood, 11 (1), 63-80.
 
Children & Poverty : Voir Futur of Children.
Chimie : Enseignement de la chimie.
Chimpanzé : En psychologie animale et comparée, espèce de singe utilisée comme modèle pour étudier l'apprentissage, le langage, la permanence de l'objet, la résolution de problème, la reconnaissance et l'identité, etc. En primatologie et en éthologie, on utilise le chimpanzé pour étudier l'agressivité, l'organisation sociale et la formation des hiérarchies, la bipédie, la fabrication et l'utilisation des outils. =(Pan troglodytes). Chimpanzee.
 
Chimpanzés célèbres
Gua
Sarah

Lana Viki
Ham Nim Chimpsky Washoe
 

 
 
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DAWKINS, R. (2004/07). The ancestor's tale : A pilgrimage to the dawn of evolution / Il était une fois l'évolution. New York : Houghton Mifflin/ Paris : Hachette. Voir aussi Animal, Primate, Bonobo et Singes
Chimpanzés célèbres : Voir Chimpanzés (célèbres). Famous chimp.
Chimpsky : Voir Nim Chimpsy.
Chine : Chinois-e : Voir aussi Asiatique, Différence raciale et Culture. Chine et Kong-Kong. Chinese, Sino-.
   
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Voir aussi Pays, Différence raciale ou Culturelle
Chinese Mental Health Journal : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique.
ZHANG, J.X. SONG, W.Z. & ZHANG, M.Q. (1999). Introduction on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and it's standardization process in mainland China and Hong Kong. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1, 29-31.
 
Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique.
WANG, S.L. & CAN, Y.Q. (2006). The revision and preliminary application of online game addiction inventory. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 14, 8-10.
 
Chiropractie : Chiropractic.
 
KAPTCHUK, T.J. & EISENBERG, T.J. (1998). Chiropractic, origins, controversies, and contributions. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158 (20), 2215-2224.
CHERKIN, D.C, DEYO, R.A., BATTIÉE, M., STREET, J. & BARLOW, W. (1998). A comparison of physical therapy, chiropractic manipulation, and provision of an educational booklet for the treatment of patients with low back pain. New England Journal of Medicine, 339 (15), 1021-1029. [PDF]
CHOTKOWSKI, L.A. (2001). Chiropractic : The greatest hoax of the century ? New England Novelty Books.
VERNON, H., JANSZ, G., GOLDSMITH, C.H. & MCDERMAID, C. (2009). A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of chiropractic and medical prophylactictreatment of adults with tension-type headache : Results from a stopped trial. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 32 (5), 344-351.
Chirumbolo Antonio ( ) : Psychologue organisationnel italien. Il s'intéresse au travail, notamment aux effets psychologiques engendrés par la perte de son emploi. Collaborateur de De Witte, Hellgren Kruglanski, Näswall, Petrides et Sverke.
CHIRUMBOLO, A. (2002). The relationship between need for cognitive closure and political orientation : the mediating role of authoritarianism. Personality & Individual Differences, 32, 603-610.
CHIRUMBOLO, A. & HELLGREN, J. (2003). Individual and organizational consequences of job insecurity : A European study. Economic & Industrial Democracy, 24 (2), 215-238.
CHIRUMBOLO, A., LIVI, S.N., MANNETTI, L., PIERRO, A. & KRUGLANSKI, A.W. (2004) Effects of need for closure on creativity of small groups interactions. European Journal of Personality, 18 (4), 265-278.
CHIRUMBOLO, A. & ARENI, A. (2010). Job insecurity influence on job performance and mental health : Testing the moderating effect of the need for closure. Economic & Industrial Democracy, 31 (2) 195-214. [PDF]
CHIRUMBOLO, A., URBINI, F., CALLEA, A. & TALAMO, A. (2017). The impact of qualitative job insecurity on identification with the organization : The moderating role of overall oraunizational justice. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 76 (3), 117-123 [PDF]
Chirurgie : Chirurgien : Branche de la médecine. Le chirurgien est un médecin qui possède la formation (les connaissances et les habiletés manuelles) et le droit (titre) de procéder à une chirurgie. Cette opération consiste à modifier l'état physique et interne d'un organisme en lui ajoutant un corps étranger (EX : une hanche ou un coeur artificiel) ou en retirant un organe malade (ablation de la rate, d'un rein) ou un élément qui nuit au bon fonctionnement de cet organe (débloquer une artère, retirer un kyste). Surgery.
Types de chirurgie
Chirurgie bariatrique Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle/CRS Transplantation
Chirurgie de l'esprit Chirurgie esthétique  
 


    WORCESTER, W. (1891). Surgery of the central nervous system (account of the Berlin meeting). American Journal of Insanity, 157, 410–413.
ROSEN, G. (1946). Mesmerism and surgery : A strange chapter in the history of anesthesia. Journal of the History of Medicine & Allied Sciences, 1 (4), 527-550.
JOHNSON, J.E., DABBS, J.M. & LEVENTHAL, H. (1970). Psychosocial factors in the welfare of surgical patients. Nursing Research, 19, 18-29.
LEVENTHAL, H. & MACE, W. (1970). The effect of laughter on evaluation of a slapstick movie. Journal of Personality, 38, 16-30.
JOHNSON, J.E., LEVENTHAL, H. & DABBS, J.M. (1971). Contribution of emotional and instrumental
response processes in adaptation to surgery. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 20, 55-64.
Voir aussi Anesthésie, Ablation et Chirurgie esthétique
Chirurgie bariatrique : Bariatric surgery.
   
SHROEDER, R., GARRISON, J.M. & JOHNSON, M.S. (2011). Treatment of adult obesity with bariatric surgery. American Family Physician, 84 (7), 805-814. [PDF]
BRADLEY, L.E., FORMAN, E.M., KERRIGAN, S.G., BUTRYN, M.L., HERBERT, J.D. & SARWER, D.B. (2016). A
pilot study of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obesity Surgery,
26
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BRADLEY, L.E., SARWER, D.B., FORMAN, E.M., KERRIGAN, S.G., BUTRYN, M.L. & HERBERT, J.D. (2016). A ssrvey of bariatric surgery patients' interest in postoperative interventions. Obesity Surgery, 26 (2), 332-338.

Voir aussi Obésité et Chirurgie
Chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle : CRS : Chirurgie visant à transformer une femme en homme, ou vice-versa, en modifiant l'apparence des organes sexuels conformément au sexe réattribué, généralement en procédant à l'ablation des organes qui ne correspondant pas à ce nouveau sexe. Chirurgie de réattribution, transsexualisme et réattribution du sexe. = CRS, opération de changement de sexe, réassignation sexuelle. Sex reassignment surgery SRS, gender reassignment surgery.
   
BEATRICE, J.A. (1985). Psychological comparison of hetero- sexuals, transvestites, preoperative transsexuals, and postoperative transsexuals. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 173, 358-365. LAWRENCE, A.A. (2005). Sexuality before and after male-to-female sex reassignment surgery. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 34, 147-166.
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 SMITH, Y.L. VAN GOOZEN, S.H. & COHEN-KETTENIS, P.T. (2001). Adolescents with gender identity disorder who were accepted or rejected for sex reassignment surgery : A prospective follow-up study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40, 472-481. RAMACHADRAN, V.S. & McGEOCH, P.D. (2007). Occurrence of phantom genitalia after gender reassignment surgery. Medical Hypotheses, 69, 1001-1003.
FEDEROFF, J.P. (2000). The case against publicly funded tran sexual surgery. Psychiatric Rounds, 4, 1-3. MURAD, M.H., ELAMIN, M.B., GARCIA, M.Z., MULLAN, R.J., MURAD, A. & ERWIN, P.J. & MONTORI, V. (2010) Hormonal therapy and sex reassignment : a systematic review and meta-analysis of quality of life and psychosocial outcomes. Clinical Endocrinology, 72 (2), 214-231.
LAWRENCE, A.A. (2003). Factors associated with satisfaction or regret following male-to female sex reassignment surgery. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 32, 299-315.

Voir aussi Transsexualisme et Réattribution du sexe

Chirurgie de l'esprit : Chirurgie du cerveau dont l'objetif est de traiter une maladie mentale ou un trouble psychologique, notamment la démence. = = neurochirurgie de l'esprit. Psychochirurgy, surgery of the mind
   
BURGHARDT, G. (1886). About cortical excision, as a contribution to surgical treatment of psychosis. Allgemeine Zeitschift für Psychiatrie, 47, 463–548. ROWLAND, L.P. (2000). Walter Freeman’s psychosurgery and biological psychiatry : a cautionary tale. Neurology Today, 5 (4), 70–72.
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MONIZ, E. (1936). Essai d’un traitement chirurgical de certaines psychoses. Bulletin de l’Académie de Médecine (Paris) 115, 385–392.
FREEMAN, W. & WATTS, J.W. (1942). Psychosurgery : Intelligence, emotion, and social behavior following prefrontal Lobotomy for Mental Disorders. Springfield, Ill : Charles C. Thomas. FELDMAN, R.P. & GOODRICH, J.T. (2001). Psychosurgery : a historical overview. Neurosurgery, 48, 647–659.
WATTS, J.W. & FREEMAN, W. (1946). Psychosurgery for the relief of unbearable pain. Journal of International College Surgeons, 9, 679-683.
FREEMAN, W. (1950). Psychosurgery. Journal of hte National Medical Association, 42 (4), 206-209. [PDF]
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MÜLLER, R.C. (1960). Gottlieb Burckhardt : Le Père de la topectomie. Reveu Médicale de la Suisse Romande, 28, 726–730. ROWLAND, L. (2005). Walter Freeman's psychosurgery and biological psychiatry : A cautionary tale. Neurology Today, 5 (4), 70–72.
GOSTIN, L.O. (1982). Psychosurgery : a hazardous and unestablished treatment ? A case for the importation of American legal safeguards to Great Britain. Journal of Social Welfare Law, 4, 83–95.
VALENSTEIN, E. (1986). Great and desperate cures : The rise and decline of psychosurgery and other radical treatments for mental illness. Basic Books.
JOANETTE, Y., STEMMER, B., ASSAL, G. & WHITAKER, H.A. (1993). From theory to practice : the unconventional contribution of Gottlieb Burckhardt to psychosurgery. Brain Language, 45, 572–-587. HELLER, A., AMAR, A., LIU, C. & APUZZO, M.L. (2006). Surgery of the mind and mood : a mosaic of issues in time and evolution. Neurosurgery, 59, 720–739.
WHITAKER, H.A., STEMMER, B. & JOANETTE, Y. (1996). A psychosurgical chapter in the history of cerebral localization : the six cases of Gottlieb Burkhardt. In C. Code, C.-W. Wallesch, Y. Joanette & A. Roch (Eds.), Classic cases in neuropsychology (pp. 275–304). Hove : Psychology Press. CARUSO, J.P. & SHEEHAN, J.P. (2017). Psychosurgery, ethics, and media : a history of Walter Freeman and the lobotomy. Neurosurgical Focus, 43 (3), 1-8. [PDF]
GROSS, D. (1998). Gottlieb Burckhardt’s (1836–1907) contribution to psychosurgery : medicohistorical and ethical aspects. Gesnerus, 55, 221–248.

Voir aussi Lobotomie et Chirurgie

Chirurgie esthétique: Au sens large, la chirurgie consiste à modifier l'état physique et interne d'un organisme en lui ajoutant un corps étranger (EX : une hanche ou un coeur artificiel) ou en retirant un organe malade (ablation de la rate, d'un rein) ou un élément qui nuit au bon fonctionnement de cet organe (débloquer une artère, retirer un kyste). Quant à elle, la chirurgie esthétique, comme le nom l'indique, vise à améliorer l'apparence d'un individu (visage, sein, ventre, etc) ou à corriger un défaut physique (EX: Oreilles trop décollées). La chirurgie se distingue de la coiffure ou des soins esthétiques (modifie l'apparence externe) en raison du caractère interne de son intervention qui a lieu sous la peau. Chirurgie, beauté et perfectionnisme. = chirurgie plastique, rhinoplastie, mammoplastie. Plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery.
   
DULL, D. & WEST, C. (1991). Accounting for cosmetic surgery : The accomplishment of gender. Social Problems, 31, 801-817.
ISHIGOOKA, J., IWAO, M., SUZUKI, M., FUKUYAMA, Y., MURASAKI, M. & MIURA, S. (1998). Demographic features of patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 52, 541. SARWER, D.B. & MAGEE, L. (2006). Physical appearance and society. In D.B. Sarwer, T. Pruzinsky, T.F. Cash, R.M. Goldwyn, J.A. Persing & L.A. Whitaker (Eds.), Psychology of reconstructive and cosmetic plastic surgery : Clinical, empirical, and ethical perspectives (pp. 23-36). Philadelphia, PN : Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
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BROWN, A., FURNHAM, A., GLANVILLE, L. & SWAMI, V. (2007). Considering cosmetic surgery : The effects of sex, age, vicarious experience, media exposure and self-estimated attractiveness. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 27, 501-508.
SARWER, D.B., NORDMANN, J.E. & HERBERT, J.D. (2000). Cosmetic breast augmentation surgery : A critical overview. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 9, 843-856. CRERAND, C.E., INFIELD, A.L. & SARWER, D.B. (2007). Psychological considerations in cosmetic breast augmentation. Plastic Surgical Nursing, 27, 146-154.
HURD-CLARKE, L, REPTA, R. & GRIFFIN, M. (2007), Non-surgical cosmetic procedures : Older women's perceptions and experiences. Journal of Women Aging, 19, 69-87.
MAZZEOA, S.E., TRACE, S.E., MITCHELL, K.S. & WALKER GOW, R. (2007). Effects of a reality TV cosmetic surgery makeover program on eating disordered attitudes and behaviors. Eating Behaviors, 8 (3), 390-397.
FREDERICK, D.A., LEVER, J. & PEPLAU, L.A. (2007). Interest in cosmetic surgery and body image : Views of men and women across the lifespan. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 120, 1407-1415.
BROWN, A., FURNHAM, A., GLANVILLE, L. & SWAMI, V. (2007). Factors that affect the likelihood of undergoing cosmetic surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 27, 501-508.
SUISSA, J.A. (2008). Addiction to cosmetic surgery : Representations and medicalization of the body. International Journal of Mental Health & Addictions, 26 (4), 619-630.
BOLTON, M.A., PRUZINSKY, T., CASH, T.F. & PERSING, J.A. (2003). Measuring outcomes in plastic surgery : Body image and quality of life in abdominoplasty patients. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 112, 626-627. SARWER, D.B. & CRERAND, C.E. (2008). Body dysmorphic disorder and appearance enhancing medical treatments. Body Image, 5, 50-58.
HEWITT, P.L., SHERRY, S.B., FLETT, G.L. & SHICK, R. (2003). Perfectionism and cosmetic surgery. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 112 (1), 346. ZUCKERMAN, D. & ABRAHAM, A. (2008). Teenagers and cosmetic surgery : Focus on breast augmentation and lipsosuction. Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 318-324. [PDF]
HSIA, H.C. & THOMSON, G.J. (2003). Differences in breast shape preferences between plastic surgeons and patients seeking breast augmentation. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 112 (1), 312-320. HENDERSON-KING, D. & BROOK, K.D. (2009). Materialism, sociocultural appearance messages, and parental attitudes predict college women's attitudes about cosmetic surgery. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 133-142.
SARWER, D.B., MAGEE, L. & CRERAND, C.E. (2004). Cosmetic surgery and cosmetic medical treatments. In J.K. Thompson (Ed.), Handbook of eating disorders and obesity (pp. 718-737). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley. SWAMI, V., TAYLOR, R. & CARVALHO, C. (2009). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery and celebrity worship : Evidence of associations among female undergraduates. Personality & Individual Differences, 47, 869-872.
DELINSKY, S.S. (2005). Cosmetic surgery : a common and accepted form of self improvement ? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35, 2012-2028. SWAMI, V., CHAMOROO-PREMUZIC, T., BRIDGES, S. & FURNHAM, A. (2009). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery : Personality and individual difference predictors. Body Image 6, 7-13. [PDF]
HENDERSON-KING, D. & HENDERSON-KING, D. (2005). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery : Scale development and validation. Body Image, 2, 137-149. MALTBY, J. & DAY, L. (2011). Celebrity worship and incidence of elective cosmetic surgery : evidence of a link among young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49 (5), 483-489. [PDF]
SALESHAHMADI, Z. & RAFIE, S.R. (2012). Factors Affecting Patients Undergoing Cosmetic Surgery in Bushehr, Southern Iran.World Journal of Plastic Surgery, 1 (2), 99-106. [PDF]
SARWER, D.B., CASH, T.F., MAGEE, L., WILLIAMS, E.F., THOMPSON, J.K., ROEHRIG, M. TANTLEFF-DUUN, S., KANTER, A.A., WILFLEY, D.E., AMIDON, A.D., ANDERSON, D.A. & ROMANOFSKI, M. (2005). Female college students and cosmetic surgery : An investigation of experiences, attitudes, and body image. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 115, 931-938. [PDF] SARWER, D.B., VON SYDOW GREEN, A. & WILLIAMS N.N. (2012). Clinical case report : Psychosocial issues in adolescent bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity & Related Diseases, 8 (1), 124-126.
ARNOCKY, S. & PICHÉ, T. (2014). Cosmetic surgery as intrasexual competition : The mediating role of social comparison. Psychology, 5, 1197-1205. [PDF]

Voir aussi Image corporelle, Apparence, Maquillage, Cancer et Beauté
 
Chisholm Roderick Milton (North Attleboro 1916-1999 Providence) : Philosophe et épistémologue américain. étudiant de Lewis. Professeur de Taylor.
CHISHOLM, R. (1948). The problem of empiricism. Journal of Philosophy, 45, 512-517.
CHISHOLM, R.M. (1957). Perceiving : a philosophical study. Ithaca : Cornell University Press.
CHISHOLM, R.M. (1966/89). Theory of knowledge. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall.
CHISHOLM, R.M. (1982). Is there a mind-body problem ? Philosophical Exchange, 2, 24-34.
CHISHOLM, R.M. (1996). A realistic theory of categories : An essay on ontology. New York : Cambridge University Press.
LEWIS, C.I. (1948). Professor Chisholm and empiricism. The Journal of Philosophy, 45, 517-524.
Chivers Meredith L. ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de l'étude des différences sexuelles, notamment sur le plan de l'excitation sexuelle. Étudiante de Blanchard. Collaboratrice de Bailey, Lalumière et Seto.
CHIVERS, M.L. & BLANCHARD, R. (1996). Prostitution advertisements suggest association of transvestism and masochism. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 22, 97-102.
CHIVERS, M.L., RIEGER, G., LATY, E. & BAILEY, J.M. (2004). A sex difference in the specificity of sexual arousal. Psychological Science, 15, 736-744.
CHIVERS, M.L. (2005). Leading comment : A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal. Sexual & Relationship Therapy, 4, 377-390. [PDF]
CHIVERS, M.L., SETO, M.C. & BLANCHARD, R. (2007). Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors ins exual films. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 93 (6), 1108-1121. [PDF]
CHIVERS, M.L., SETO, M.C., LALUMIÈRE, M.L., LAAN, E. & GRIMBOS, T. (2010). Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal among men and women : A meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 5-56. [PDF]
Chlordiazepoxide : Benzodiazépine découvert en 1957. Chlordiazepoxide.
   
LIPMAN, R.S., COVI, L, RICKELS, K, McNAIR, D.M., DOWNING, R., KAHN, R.J. & Imipramine and chlordiazepoxide in depressive and anxiety disorders. I. Efficacy in depressed outpatients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43 (1), 68-77.
KAHN, R.J., MCNAIR, D.M., LIPMAN, R.S., COVI, L., RICKELS, K. & DOWNING, R. (1986). Imipramine and Chlordiazepoxide in depressive and anxiety disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43 (1), 79-85.

Voir aussi Benzodiazépine
Chlorpromazine : Neuroleptique typique découvert par Charpentier et Laborit en 1951 et commercialisé en 1952 sous le nom de Largatil ou Thorazine, et surtout utilisé dans le traitement de la psychose et de la schizophrénie. Chlorpromazine.
   
CHARPENTIER, P., GAILLOT, P., JACOB, R. et al. (1950). Recherches sur les diméthylaminopropyl-N phénothiazines substituées. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, 235, 59-60. WURTMAN, R.J. & AXELROD, J. (1966). Effect of chlorpromazine and other drugs on the disposition of circulating melatonin. Nature, 212 (5059), 312-314. [PDF]
LABORIT, H., HUGUENARD, P. & ALLUAUME, R. (1952). Un noveau stabilisateur végétatif (le 4560 RP). La Presse Médicale, 60, 206-208.
LEHMANN, H.E. & HANRAHAN, G.E. (1954). Chlorpromazine, new inhibiting agent for psychomotor exctietemnt and manic states. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 71, 227-237. WEISS, G., WERRY, J., MINDE, K., DOUGLAS, V. & SYKES, D. (1968). Studies on the hyperactive child. V. The effects of dextroamphetamine and chlorpromazine on behaviour and intellectual functioning. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 9 (3), 145-156.
WINKELMAN, N.W. (1954). Chlorpromazine in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 155, 18-21. FONTAINE, O. et RICHELLE, M. (1969). Étude comparative chez le rat de la chlorpromazine et du chlordiazépoxide sur une série de programmes à renforcement positif et à renforcement negatif. Psychologica Belgica, 9, 17-29.
ELKES, J. & ELKES, C. (1954). Effects of chlorpromazine on the behavior of chronically overactive psychotic patients. British Medical Journal, 2, 560-576. MARR, M.J. (1970). Effects of chlorpromazine in the pigeon under a second-order schedule of food presentation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 13 (3), 291-299. [PDF]
GYERMEK, L. (1955). Chlorpromazine : A serotonin antagonist ? The Lancet, 2, 724. WALSH, J.M. & GURALNICK, M.J. (1971). The effects of epinephrine and chlorpromazine on visual cliff behavior in hooded and albino rats. Psychonomic Science, 23, 1-3. [PDF]
VAUGHAN, G.F., LEIBERMAN, D.M. & COOK, L.C. (1955), Chlorpromazine in psychiatry. The Lancet, 268 (6874), 1083-1087. CURRY, S.H., LADER, M.H., MOULD, G.P. & SAKALIS, G. (1972). Clinical pharmacology of chlorpromazine. British Journal of Pharmacology, 44, 370-371.
BAIR, H.V. & HEROLD, W. (1955). Efficacy of chlorpromazine in hyperactive mentally retarded children. A.M.A. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 74, 363-364. SAKALIS, G., CURRY, S.H., MOULD, G.P. & LADER, M.H. (1972). Physiologic and clinical effects of chlorpromazine and their relationship to plasma level. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 13, 931-946.
KINROSS-WRIGHT, V. (1955). Chlorpromazine and reserpine int the treatment of psychosis. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 61 (1), 174-182. McKINNEY, W.T., YOUNG, L.D., SUOMI, S.J. & DAVIS, J.M. (1973). Chlorpromazine treatment of disturbed monkeys. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29, 490-494.

 GILLIS, J. & DAVIS, K.E. (1973). The effects of amphetamine and chloropromazine on complex thinking in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. In D. Summers and L. Rappaport (Eds.), Human judgment and social interaction (pp. 170-184). New York : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
SHEPARD, M. & WATT, D.C. (1956). A controlled clinical study of chlorpromazine and reserpine in chronic schizophrenina. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 19, 232-235. [PDF] + [PDF] CROW, T.J. (1977). Drugs used to probe anatomy of schizophrenia. New Scientist, 74 (1055), 583.
  WINGERSON, D., NGUYEN, C. & ROY-BYRNE, P.P. (1992). Chlomipramine treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12(3), 214-215.
BINDRA, D. & BARAN, D. (1959). Effects of methylphenidylacetate and chlorpromazine on certain components of general activity. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2, 343-350. [PDF] BYRNE, T., LESAGE, M.G. & POLING, A. (1997). Effects of chlorpromazine on rats' acquisition of lever-press responding with immediate and delayed reinforcement. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 58, 31-35.
MIRSKY, A.F., PRIMAC, D.W. & BATES, R. (1959). The effects of chlorpromazine and secobarbital on the Continuous Performance Test. Journal of Nervous & Mental Diseases, 128, 12-17. MOBINI, S., CHIANG, T.-J., HO, M.-Y., BRADSHAW, C.M. & SZABADI, E. (2000). Comparison of the effects of clozapine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine and d-amphetamine on performance on a time-constrained progressive-ratio schedule and locomotor behaviour in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 152, 47-54.
MIRSKY, A.F. & CARDON, P.V. (1962). A comparison of the behavioral and physiological changes accompanying sleep deprivation and chlorpromazine administration in man. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 14, 1-10. OLIE, J.P. (2004). The discovery of chlorpromazine : A historical account. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 7 (S1), 21.
SCHACHTER, S. & WHEELER, L. (1962). Epinephrine, chlorpromazine, and amusement. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 65 (2), 121-128. [PDF] HIPPIUS, H. (2004). From chlorpromazine to modern ("atypical") antipsychotics. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 7 (S1), 21-22.
TERRACE, H.S. (1963). Errorless discrimination learning in the pigeon : Effects of chlorpromazine and imipramine. Science, 140, 318-319. LOPEZ-MUNOZ F., ALAMO, C., CUENCA, E., SHEN, W.W., CLERVOY, P. & RUBIO, G. (2005). History of the discovery and clinical introduction of chlorpromazine. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 17 (3), 113-135.
MORSE, W.H. (1964). Effect of amobarbital and chlorpromazine on punished behavior in the pigeon. Psychopharmacologia, 6, 286-294. BAN, T.A. (2007). Fifty years chlorpromazine : a historical perspective. Neuropsychiatric Disease & Treatment, 3 (4), 495-500. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Neuroleptique, Psychose et Schizophrénie
CHI - CHODOROW - CHOIX - CHOMSKY - CHORPITA - CHOS - CHR - CHROMOSONE - CHOUINARD - CHURCHLAND - CI
Choc électrique : Anglicisme. Le choc est subi ou encaissé par la personne qui reçoit une décharge électrique, donc voir Décharge électrique. Electric shock, shock, unavoidable shock, electric current.
Choc post-traumatique : Voir Syndrome post-traumatique. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSD.
Chodorow Nancy J. (New York 1944-) : Psychanalyste, sociologue et féministe américaine.
CHODOROW, N. (1978/99). The reproduction of mothering psychoanalysis and the sociology of gender. Berkeley, CA : University of California Press.
CHODOROW, N. (1989). What is the relation between the psychoanalytic psychology of women and psychoanalytic feminism ? The annual of psychoanalysis, 17, 215- 242.
CHODOROW, N. (1994). Femininities, masculinities, sexualities : Freud and beyond. Lexington, KY : University Press of Kentucky/London : Free Association Books.
CHODOROW, N. (1999). The power of feelings : Personal meaning in psychoanalysis, gender, and culture. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press.
CHODOROW, N. (2003). Les homosexualités comme formations de compromis : La complexité théorique et clinique d'une description et d'une compréhension des homosexualités. Revue Française de Psychanalyse, 67 (1), 41-64.
Choix : Choisir : Pour certains auteurs - les cognitivistes - le choix résulte d'une prise de décision, alors que pour d'autres auteurs - les béhavioristes - il s'agit plutôt d'un comportement qui marque une préférence plus ou moins rationelle ou maxiamel pour une option, plutôt qu'une autre (alternative), qui se traduit par le temps consacré aux différentes options. Ces comportements sont sous l'influence de programmes de renforcements et obéissent notamment à la loi d'appariement. Choix, risque et théorie de la décision. = comportement de choix, préférence. Choice, choice behavior, choice responding, preference, two-response situation.
 
Type de choix
Choix alimentaire Choix d'un-e partenaire Choix chez les animaux
Choix d'un objet Choix d'une carrière Choix collectif
 
 
Théories du choix
Théorie du choix maximisé (TCM) Théorie du choix public (TCP) Théorie du choix rationnel (TCR)
 
   
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SCHELLING, T.C. (1984). Choice and consequence. Harvard : Harvard University Press.
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ATKINSON, R.C. (1964). Choice behavior and reward structure. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 1, 170-203. NOSOFSKY, R.M. (1985). Overall similarity and the identification of separable-dimension stimuli : A choice model analysis. Perception & Psychophysics, 38 (5), 415-432. [PDF]
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JONES, S.K., FRISCH, D., YURAK, T.J. & KIM, E. (1998). Choices and opportunities : another effect of framing on decisions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 11, 211-226.
VOSS, S.C. & HOMIZE, M.J. (1970). Choice as a value. Psychological Reports, 26, 912-914. MAZUR, J.E. (1997). Choice, delay, probability, and conditioned reinforcement. Animal Learning & Behavior, 25, 131-147.
DUNCAN, B. & FANTINO, E. (1970). Choice for periodic schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 14 (1), 73-86. [PDF] FISHER, W.W. & MAZUR, J.E. (1997). Basic and applied research on choice responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30 (3), 387-410. [PDF]
SQUIRES, N. & FANTINO, E. (1971). A model for choice in simple concurrent and concurrent-chains schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 15 (1), 27-38. [PDF] GLASSER, W. (1998). Choice theory : A new psychology of personal freedom. New York : Harper Collins.
KILLEEN, P. (1971). Response patterns as a factor in choice. Psychonomic Science, 2 (1), 23-24. GOLDSCHMIDT, J.N., LATTAL, K.M. & FANTINO, E. (1998). Context effects on choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 70 (3), 301-320. [PDF]
GLASSER, W. (1999). The language of choice theory. New York : Harper Perennial.
TVERSKY, A. (1972). Choice by elimination. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 9, 341-367. READ, D., LOEWENSTEIN, G.F. & RABIN, M. (1999). Choice bracketing. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty, 19, 171-197.
DAVISON, M. & BAUM, W.M. (2000). Choice in a variable environment : Every reinforcer counts. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 74 (1), 1-24. [PDF]
FANTINO, E., SQUIRES, N., DELBRÜCK, N. & PETERSON, C. (1972). Choice behavior and the accessibility of the reinforcer. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (1), 35-43. [PDF] IYENGAR, S.S. & LEPPER, M.R. (2000). When choice is demotivating : Can one desire too much of a good thing ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 79 (6), 995-1006.
ARNETT, F.B. (1972). Inverse relation between choice and local response rate with a schedule of response-produced blackouts. Journal of the Experimlental Analysis of Behavior, 17 (1), 37-43. [PDF] MAZUR, J.E. (2001). Hyperbolic value addition and general models of choice. Psychological Review, 198, 96-112.
ROMANIUK C. & MILTENBERGER, R.G. (2001). The influence of preference and choice of activity on problem behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 3, 152-159.
NEEF, N.A. & LUTZ, M.N. (2001). Assessment of variables affecting choice and application to classroom interventions. School-Psychology-Quarterly, 16, 239-252.
RACHLIN, H. & GREEN, L. (1972). Commitment, choice, and self-control. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17 (1), 15-22. [PDF] BROWN, E. & HOLMES, P. (2001). Modelling a simple choice task : Stochastic dynamics of mutually inhibitory neural groups. Stochastics & Dynamics 1 (2), 159-191. [PDF]
DAVISON, M. & BAUM, W.M. (2002). Choice in a variable environment : Effects of blackout duration and extinc- tion between components. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 77 (1), 65-89. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, J.W. (1972). Choice between two-component chained and tandenm schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 18 (1), 45-60. [PDF] SCHWARTZ, B. (2004). The paradox of choice : Why more is less. New York : Harper Collins.

BAUM, W.M. (2004). Molar and molecular views of choice. Behavioural Processes, 66, 349-359.
TVERSKY, A. (1972). Elimination by aspects : A theory of choice. Psychological Review, 79, 281-299. SCHWARTZ, B. (2004). The tyranny of choice. Chronicle of Higher Education, 6-8.
SCHELLING, T.C. (1973). Hockey helmets, concealed weapons, and daylight saving : a study of binary choices with externalities. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 17 (3), 381-428. [PDF] CERUTTI, D.T. & STADDON, J.E.R. (2004). Time and rate measures in choice transitions. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 81, 135-154. [PDF]
HAWKES, L. & SHIMP, C.P. (1974). Choice between response rates. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21 (1), 109-115. [PDF] MAZUR, J.E. (2004). Risky choice : Selecting between certain and uncertain outcomes. The Behavior Analyst Today, 5, 190-202. [PDF]
SCHMITT, D.R. (1974). Effects of reinforcement rate and reinforcer magnitude on choice behavior of humans. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21 (3), 409-419. [PDF] SCHWARTZ, B. (2005). The paradox of choice : Why more is less. New York : Harper Perennial.
BRYANT, D. & CHURCH, R.M. (1974). The determinants of random choice. Animal Learning & Behavior, 2, 245-248. NEURINGER, A., JENSEN, G. & PIFF, P. (2007). Stochastic matching and the voluntary nature of choice. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 88 (1), 1-28. [PDF]
MOORE, J.C. & FANTINO, E. (1975). Choice and response contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23 (3), 339-347. [PDF] KYONKA, E.G.E. & GRACE, R.C. (2007). Rapid acquisition of choice and timing in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 392–408.
NAVARICK, D.J. & FANTINO, E. (1976). Self-control and general models of choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 75-87. MAZUR, J.E. (2007). Choice in a successive-encounters procedure and hyperbolic decay of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 88 (1), 73-85. [PDF]
RACHLIN, H., GREEN, L., KAGEL, J.H. & BATTALIO, R.C. (1976). Economic demand theory and psychological studies of choice. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 10, pp. 129-154). New York : Academic Press. FANTINO, E. (2008). Choice, conditioned reinforcement, and the prius effect. The Behavior Analyst, 31 (2), 95-111. [PDF]
BROWN, S.D., MARLEY, A.A.J., DONKIN, C. & HEATCOTE, A. (2008). An integrated model of choices and response times in absolute identification. Psychological Review, 115 (2), 396-425. [PDF]
FANTINO, E. (1977). Conditioned reinforcement : Choice and information. In W.K. Honig & J.E.R. Staddon (Eds.), Handbook of operant behavior (pp. 313-339). Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall. SHAROT, T., DE MARTINO, B. & DOLAN, R.J. (2009). How choice reveals and shapes expected hedonic outcome. The Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 3760-3765.
NEVIN, J.A. & MANDELL, C. (1978). Conditioned reinforcement and choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29 (1), 135-148. [PDF] BAUM, W.M. & DAVISON, M. (2009). Modelling the dynamics of choice. Behavioural Processes, 81, 189-194.
STADDON, J.E.R. & MOTHERAL, S. (1978). On matching and maximizing in operant choice experiments. Psychological Review, 85, 436-444. BERAN, M.J., RATLIFF, C.L. & EVANS, T.A. (2009). Natural choice in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) : Perceptual and temporal effects on selective value. Learning & Motivation, 40 (2), 186-196. [PDF]
AIGNER, T.G. & BALSTER, R.L. (1978). Choice behavior in rhesus monkeys : Cocaine versus food. Science, 201, 534-535. JOZEFOWIEZ, J., STADDON, J.E.R. & CERUTTI, D.T. (2009). The behavioral economics of choice and interval timing. Psychological Review, 116 (3), 519-539. [PDF]
SRAN, S.K. & BORREO, J.C. (2010). Assessing the value of choice in a token system. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43 (3), 553-557. [PDF]
GRETHER, D.M. & PLOTT, C.R. (1979). Economic theory of choice and the preference reversal phenomenon. American Economic Review, 69, 623-638. BAUM, W.M. (2010). Dynamics of choice : A tutorial. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 94 (2), 161-174. [PDF]
BAUM, W.M. (1979). Matching, undermatching, and overmatching in studies of choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32 (2), 269-281. [PDF] DAVISON, M., MARR, M.J. & ELLIFFE, D. (2010). The effects of a local negative feedback function between choice and relative reinforcer rate. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 94 (2), 197-207. [PDF]
CATANIA, A.C. & SAGVOLDEN, T. (1980). Preference for free choice over forced choice in pigeons. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 34, 77-86. LAGORIO, C.H. & HACKENBERG, T.D. (2010). Risky choice in pigeons and humans : a cross-species comparison. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 93 (1), 27-44. [PDF]
GENTRY, G.D. & MARR, M.J. (1980). Choice and reinforcement delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 33 (1), 27-37. [PDF] DINNER, I., JOHNSON, E.J., GOLDSTEIN, D.G. & LIU, K. (2011). Partitioning default effects : Why people choose not to choose. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 17 (4), 332-341. [PDF]
MYERSON, J. & MIEZIN, F.M. (1980). The kinetics of choice : An operant systems analysis. Psychological Review, 87, 160-174. STASSER G., ABELE, S. & VAUGHAN, S. (2012). Information flow and influence in collective choice. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15, 619-635.
 
Voir auss Dilemme, Voter, Loi de l'appariement et Prise de la décision
Choix (Mesures/Évaluations) : Ensemble des critères de diagnostic, des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer les choix d'un organisme ou d'un groupe.
   
BOCK, R.D. & JONES, L.V. (1968). The measurement and prediction of judgment and choice. San Francisco : Holden-Day.

Voir aussi Choix
Choix chez les animaux : Choix fait par un animal (autre que l'humain).
   
TOLMAN, E.C. (1938). The determinants of behavior at a choice point. Psychological Review, 45, 1-41. KILLEEN, P. & FANTINO, E. (1990). Unification of models for choice between delayed reinforcers. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53 (1), 189-200. [PDF]
CHUNG, S.-H. & HERRNSTEIN, R.J. (1967). Choice and delay of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10 (1), 67-74. [PDF]
STADDON, J.E.R. (1968). Spaced responding and choice : A preliminary analysis. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11 (6), 669-682. [PDF]
KILLEEN, P. (1968). On the measurement of reinforcement frequency in the study of preference. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11 (3), 263-269. [PDF] FANTINO, E., FREED, D., PRESTON, R.A. & WILLIAMS, W.A. (1991). Choice and conditioned reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 55 (2), 177-188. [PDF]
BAUM, W.M. & RACHLIN, H. (1969). Choice as time allocation. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12 (6), 861-874. [PDF] HARTL, J. & FANTINO, E. (1996). Choice as A function of reinforcement ratios In delayed matching-to-sample. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 66 (1), 11-27. [PDF]
FANTINO, E. (1969). Choice and rate of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12 (5), 723-730. [PDF] MAZUR, J.E. (1997). Choice, delay, probability, and conditioned reinforcement. Animal Learning & Behavior, 25, 131-147.
DUNCAN, B. & FANTINO, E. (1970). Choice for periodic schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 14 (1), 73-86. [PDF] FISHER, W.W. & MAZUR, J.E. (1997). Basic and applied research on choice responding. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30 (3), 387-410. [PDF]
SILBERGERG, A. & FANTINO, E. (1970). Choice, rate of reinforcement, and the changeover delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12 (2), 187-197. [PDF] CERUTTI, D.T. & STADDON, J.E.R. (2004). Time and rate measures in choice transitions. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 81 (2), 135-154. [PDF]
FANTINO, E., SQUIRES, N., DELBRÜCK, N. & PETERSON, C. (1972). Choice behavior and the accessibility of the reinforcer. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (1), 35-43. [PDF] MAZUR, J.E. (2004). Risky choice : Selecting between certain and uncertain outcomes. The Behavior Analyst Today, 5, 190-202. [PDF]
RACHLIN, H. & GREEN, L. (1972). Commitment, choice, and self-control. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17 (1), 15-22. [PDF] NEURINGER, A., JENSEN, G. & PIFF, P. (2007). Stochastic matching and the voluntary nature of choice. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 88 (1), 1-28. [PDF]
HAWKES, L. & SHIMP, C.P. (1974). Choice between response rates. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21 (1), 109-115. [PDF] MAZUR, J.E. (2007). Choice in a successive-encounters procedure and hyperbolic decay of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 88 (1), 73-85. [PDF]
MOORE, J.C. & FANTINO, E. (1975). Choice and response contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23 (3), 339-347. [PDF]
NAVARICK, D.J. & FANTINO, E. (1976). Self-control and general models of choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 75-87.
NEVIN, J.A. & MANDELL, C. (1978). Conditioned reinforcement and choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29 (1), 135-148. [PDF] JOZEFOWIEZ, J., STADDON, J.E.R. & CERUTTI, D.T. (2009). The behavioral economics of choice and interval timing. Psychological Review, 116 (3), 519-539. [PDF]
BAUM, W.M. (1979). Matching, undermatching, and overmatching in studies of choice. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 32 (2), 269-281. [PDF] BAUM, W.M. & DAVISON, M. (2009). Modelling the dynamics of choice. Behavioural Processes, 81, 189-194.
GENTRY, G.D. & MARR, M.J. (1980). Choice and reinforcement delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 33 (1), 27-37. [PDF] DAVISON, M., MARR, M.J. & ELLIFFE, D. (2010). The effects of a local negative feedback function between choice and relative reinforcer rate. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 94 (2), 197-207. [PDF]
SHIMP, C.P. (1982). Choice and behavioral patterning. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37 (2), 157-169. [PDF] LAGORIO, C.H. & HACKENBERG, T.D. (2010). Risky choice in pigeons and humans : a cross-species comparison. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 93 (1), 27-44. [PDF]

Voir aussi Choix et Animal
Choix collectif : Choix fait par un groupe à la suite d'une décision. Collective choice.
 
STASSER G. & BIRCHMEIER, Z. (2003). Group creativity and collective choice. In P.B. Paulus & B.A. Nijstad (Eds.), Group creativity : Innovation through collaboration (pp. 85-109). New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
STASSER, G., ABELE, S. & VAUGHAN, S. (2012). Information flow and influence in collective choice. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15, 619-635.
Choix d'un objet : Brand choice.
 
SIMONSON, I., CARMON, Z. & O'CURRY, S. (1994). Experimental evidence on the negative effect of product features & sales promotions on brand choice. Marketing Science, 13, 23-40.
Choix d'un-e partenaire : Décision - prise plus ou moins rapidement - de former un couple et d'avoir des rapports sexuels avec un-e partenaire. Choix, formation des couples et préférence sexuelle. Ce choix se fonde notamment sur nos préférences sexuelles. = se mettre en couple. Partner choice, mate choice, sexual selection, human mate selection.
   
BERSCHEID, E., DION, K., WALSTER, E. & WALSTER, G.W. (1971). Physical attractiveness and dating choice : A test of the matching hypothesis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 173-180. [PDF] + [PDF] GRELLIG H. & BUSS, D.M. (2000). Women's sexual strategies : the hidden dimension of extra-pair mating. Personality & Individual Differences, 28, 929-963. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. (1985). Human mate selection. American Scientist, 73 (1), 47–51. SIMPSON, J.A. & GANGESTAD, S.W. (2000). The evolution of human mating : Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 23, 573-644.
BUSS, D.M. (1985). Human mate selection : Opposites are sometimes said to attract, but in fact we are likely to marry someone who is similar to us in almost every variable. American Scientist, 73, 47-51. [PDF] HAZAN, C. & DIAMOND, L.M. (2000). The place of attachment in human mating. Review of General Psychology, 4 (2), 186-204. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. & BARNES, M. (1986). Preferences in human mate selection. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 50, 559-570. [PDF]
KALICK, S.M. & HAMILTON, T.E. (1986). The matching hypothesis reexamined. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51, 673-682. [PDF] BUUNK, B.P., DIJKSTRA, P., KENRICK, D.T. & WARNTJES, A. (2001). Age preferences for mates as related to gender, own age, and involvement level. Evolution & Human Behavior, 22, 241-250. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. (1987). Mate selection criteria : An evolutionary perspective. In C. Crawford, M. Smith & D. Krebs (Eds.), Sociobiology and psychology : Ideas, issues and applications (pp. 335-351). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum. BUSS, D.M. SHACKELFORD, T.K., KIRKPATRICK, L.A. & LARSEN, R.J. (2001). A half century of mate preferences : The cultural evolution of values. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 63, 491-502. [PDF]
McFARLAND, C. & ROSS, M. (1987). The relation between current impressions and memories of self and dating partners. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 13, 228-238.
BUSS, D.M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences : Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 12, 1-49. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. (1989). Toward an evolutionary psychology of human mating. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 12, 39–49. CAMPOSA, L. de S., OTTA, E. & SIQUIERIA, J. de O (2002). Sex differences in mate selection strategies : Content analyses and responses to personal advertisements in Brazil. Evolution & Human Behavior, 23, 395-406. [PDF]
TOWNSEND, J.M. (1989). Mate selection criteria : A pilot study. Ethology & Sociobiology, 10, 241-253. AKINS, C.K., BAKONDY, H. & LEVINS, N. (2002). Mate choice copying in female domesticated quail (Coturnix japonica) using taxidermic models. Behavioural Processes, 58, 97-103.
BUSS, D.M., ABBOTT, M., ANGLEITNER, A., ASHERIAN, A., BIAGGIO, A., BLANCO-VILLASENOR, A., BRUCHON-SCHWEITZER, M., CH'U H.-Y., CZAPINSKI, J., DE RAAD, B., EKEHAMMAR, B., EL LOHAMY, N., FIORAVANTI, M., GEORGAS, J., GJERDE, P., GUTTMAN, R., HAZAN, F., IWAWAKI, S., JANAKIRAMAIAH, N., KHOSROSHANI, F., KREITLER, S., LACHENICHT, L., LEE, M., LIIK, K., LITTLE, B., MIKA, S., MOADEL-SHAHID, M., MOANE, G., MONTERO, M., MUNDY-CASTLE, A.C., NIIT, T., NSENDELUKA, E., PIENKOWSKI, R., PIRTTILA-BACKMAN, A.-M., PONCE DE LEO, J., ROUSSEAU, J., RUNCO, M.A., SAFIR, M.P., SAMUELS, C., SANITIOSO, R., SERPELL, R., SMID, N., SPENCER, C., TADINAC, M., TODOROVA, E.N., TROLAND, K., VAN DEN BRANDE, L., VAN HECK, G., VAN LANGENHOVE, L. & YANG, K.-S. (1990). International preferences in selecting mates : A study of 37 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 5-47. [PDF] ITAKURA, S. (2003). A mother chimpanzee knows her son is sick. Perceprtual & Motor Skills, 96, 1361-1362.
TODOSIJEVIIC, B., LJUBINKOVIC, S. & ARANCIC, A. (2003). Mate selection criteria : A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences in Serbia. Evolutionary Psychology, 1, 116-126. [PDF]
FLETCHER, G.J.O. TITHER, J.M., O'LOUGHLIN, C., FRIESEN, M. & OERALL, N. (2004). Warm and homely or cold and beautiful ? Sex differences in trading off traits in mate selection. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 659-672.
GEARY, D.C., VIGIL, J. & BYRD-CAVEN, J. (2004). Evolution of human mate choice. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 27-42. [PDF]
FISHMAN, R., IYENGAR, S.S., KAMENICA, E. & SIMONSON, I. (2006). Gender differences in mate selection : evidence from a speed dating experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2), 673-697. [PDF]
KENRICK, D.T. & KEEFE, R.C. (1992). Age preferences in mates reflect sex differences in mating strategies. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 15, 75-91. LI, N.P. & KENRICK, D.T. (2006). Sex similarities and differences in preferences for short-term mates : What, whether, and why. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 90 (3), 468-489. [PDF]
WIEDERMAN, M.W. & ALLGEIER, E.R. (1992). Gender differences in mate selection criteria : Sociobiological or socioeconomic explanation ? Ethology & Sociobiology, 13, 115-124. WAYNFORTH, D. (2007). Mate choice copying in humans. Human Nature, 18 (3), 264-271.
SIMPSON, J.A. & GANGESTAD, S.W. (1992). Sociosexuality and romantic partner choice. Journal of Personality, 60, 31-51. TODD, P.M., PENKE, L., FASOLO, B. & ENTON, A.P. (2007). Different cognitive processes underlie human mate choices and mate preferences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104 (38), 15011-15016. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. & SCHMITT, D.P. (1993). Sexual strategies theory : An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychological Review, 100, 204-232. EASTWICK, P.W. & FINKEL, E.J. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited : Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 94 (2), 245-264. [PDF]
SPRECHER, S., SULLIVAN, Q. & HATFIELD, E. (1994). Mate selection preferences : sex differences examined in a national sample. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66(6), 1074–1080 CARTER, S.R. & BUCKWALTER, J.G. (2009). Enhancing mate selection through the Internet : A comparison of relationship quality between marriages arising from an online matchmaking system and marriages arising from unfettered Sslection. Interpersona : An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 3 (2), 105-125. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. (1994). The strategies of human mating. American Scientist, 82, 238-249. McGEE, E. & SHELVIN, M. (2009). Effect of humor on interpersonal attraction and mate selection. The Journal of Psychology, 143 (1), 67-77. [PDF]
LANOLT, M.A., LALUMIÈRE, M.L. & QUINSY, V.L. (1995). Sex differences in intra-sex variations in human mating tactics : An evolutionary approach. Ethology & Sociobiology, 16, 3-23. [PDF] FURNHAM, A. (2009). Sex differences in mate selection preferences. Personality & Individual Difference, 47 (4), 262-267.
HATFIELD, E. & SPRECHER, S. (1995). Men's and women's preferences in marital partners in the United States, Russia, and Japan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 728-750. [PDF] SPRECHER, S. & HATFIELD, E. (2009). Matching hypothesis. In H. Reis & S. Sprecher (Eds.) Encyclopedia of human relationships. New York : Sage. [PDF]
McNEIL, K.F., RIENZI, B.M., BUTLER, M.A. & DOTY, M.L. (1996). College students' attitudes toward finding a mate to escape depression : Sex differences. Psychological Reports, 79, 745-746. EATON, A.A. & ROSE, S.M. (2011). Has dating become more egalitarian ? A 35 Year review using Sex Roles. Sex Roles, 64 (11-12), 843-862. [PDF]
GALEF, B.G. (1996). Social influences on the mate choices of male and female Japanese Quail. Comparative, Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 3, 1-12. [PDF] LI, N. P., YONG, J.C., TOV, W., SNG, O., FLETCHER, G.J.O., VALENTINE, K.A., FANN J. & BALLETT, D. B. (2013). Mate preferences do predict attraction and choices in the early stages of mate selection. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 105, 757-776.
SCHWARZ, S. & HASSEBRAUK, M. (2012). Sex and age differences in mate-selection preferences. Human Nature, 23 (4), 447-466.
DUGATKIN, L.A. (1996). Copying and mate choice. In C.M. Heyes & B.G. Galef (Eds.), Social learning in animals : The roots of culture (pp. 85-105). San Diego, CA : Academic Press. BOXER, C.F., NOONAN, M.C. & WHELAN, C.B. (2013). Measuring mate preferences : a replication and extension. Journal of Family Issues, 36 (2), 163-187.
BROOKS, R. (1996). Copying and the repeatability of mate choice. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 3, 323-329. [PDF] VALENTINE, K.A., LI, N.P., PENKE, L. & PERRETT, D.I. (2014). Judging a man by the width of his face : The role of facial ratios and dominance in mate choice at speed-dating events. Psychological Science, 25, 806-811. [PDF]
RÖDER, S., WEEGE. B., CARBON, C.-C., SHACKELFORD, T.K. & FINK, B. (2015). Men's perception of women's dance movements depends on mating context, but not men's sociosexual orientation. Personality & Individual Differences, 86, 172-175. [PDF]
MILLER, G.F. (1998). How mate choice shaped human nature : a review of sexual selection and human evolution. In C. Crawford & D.L. Krebs (Eds.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology : ideas, issues, and applications (pp. 87-129). Mahwah : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. McDONALD, M.M., DONNELLAN, M.B., CESARIO, J. & NAVARRETE, C.D. (2015). Mate choice preferences in an intergroup context : Evidence for a sexual coercion threat-management system among women. Evolution & Human Behavior, 36, 438-445. [PDF]
GALEF, B.G. & WHITE, D.J. (1998). Mate-choice copying in Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Animal Behaviour, 55, 545-552. [PDF] BECH-SORENSEN, J. & POLLET, T.V. (2016). Sex differences in mate preferences : a replication study, 20 years later. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 2 (3), 171-176. [PDF]
STREET, S.E., MORGAN, T.J.H., THORNTON, A., BROWN, G.R., LALAND, K.N. & CROSS, C.P. (2018). Human mate-choice copying is domain-general social learning. Scientific Reports, 8 (1) [1715], 1-7. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Appariement, Homogamie, Attirance physique, Choix du partenaire, Site de rencontre et Préférence sexuelle
 

Choix d'une carrière : Processus de réflexion qui consiste à comparer les métiers et les professions en fonction de ses propres intérêts, h et de compétences dans le but choisir une carrière. Choix d'une carrière et modèle RIASEC. Vocational choice, career aspiration.
   
PARSONS, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. New York : Houghton Mifflin. GATI, I., KRAUSZ, M. & OSIPOW, S.H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43 (4), 510-526.
HOLLAND, J.L. (1959). A theory of vocational choice. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 35-45. GOTTFREDSON, L.S. (1996). Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise. In D. Brown, L. Brooks & Associates. (Eds.), Career choice and development (pp. 179-232). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
HOLLAND, J.L. (1966). The psychology of vocational choice : A theory of personality type and model environments. Waltham, MA : Blaisdell.
HOLLIFIELD, J.L. (1971). An extension of Holland's theory to its unnatural conclusion. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 50, 209-212. GOTTFREDSON, L.S. & LAPAN, R.T. (1997). Assessing gender-based circumscription of occupational aspirations. Journal of Career Assessment, 5, 419-441.
HOLLAND, J.L., GOTTFREDSON, L.S. & NAFZIGER, D. (1975). Testing the validity of some theoretical signs of vocational decision-making ability. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 22, 411-422. HOLLAND, J.L. (1997). Making vocational choices : A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
MOUNT, M. & MUCHINSKY, P. (1978). Person-environment congruence and employee job satisfaction : A test of Holland's theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 13, 84-100. GOTTFREDSON, L.S. (1999). The nature and nurture of vocational interests. In M.L. Savickas & A.R. Spokane (Eds.), Vocational interests : Their meaning, measurement, and use in counseling (pp. 57-85). Palo Alto, CA : Davies-Black.
GOTTFREDSON, G.D. (1979). Fostering the scientific practice of vocational psychology. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59, 192-202. PATTON, W. & McMAHON, M. (1999). Career development and systems theory : A new relationship. Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole.
COSTA, P.T., McCRAE, R.R. & HOLLAND, J.L. (1984). Personality and vocational interests in an adult sample. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 390-400. FLUM, H. & BLUSTEIN, D.L. (2000). Reinvigorating the study of vocational exploration : a framework for research. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56, 380-404.
HOLLAND, J.L. (1987). Current status of Holland's theory of careers : Another perspective. Career Development Quarterly, 36, 24-30. BUJOLD, C. et GINGRAS, M. (2000). Choix professionnel et développement de carrière : théories et recherches. Boucherville, Québec : Gaétan Morin.
LAFORTUNE, L. (1989). Les mathématiques et le choix de carrière des filles. L'Orientation, 3 (2), 7-27. LEUNG, S.A., WONG, M.M., LAM, K.W. & LEE, S.Y. (2002). Career and life planning : Career development and counseling for youths. Journal of Youth Studies, 5, 38-49.
LEUNG, S.A. & PLAKE, B.S. (1990). A choice dilemma approach for examining the relative importance of sex type and prestige preferences in the process of career choice compromise. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 399-406. WEBB, R.M., LUBINSKI, D. & BENBOW, C.P. (2002). Mathematically facile adolescents with math/science aspirations : New perspectives on their educational and vocational development. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 785-794.
WATSON, C.M., QUATMAN, T. & EDLER, E. (2002). Career aspirations of adolescent girls : Effects of achievement level, grade, and single-sex school environment. Sex Roles, 46, 323-335.
HOLLAND, J.L., GOTTFREDSON, L.S. & BAKER, H. (1990). Validity of vocational aspirations and interest inventories : Extended, replicated, and reinterpreted. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 37, 337-342. MASON, M.A. & GOULDEN, M. (2002). Do babies matter ? The effect of family formation on the lifelong careers of academic men and women. Academe, 88 (6), 21-27.
WHITELY, W., DOUGHERTY, D.W. & DREHER, G.F. (1991). Relationship of career mentoring and socioeconomic origin to managers' and professionals' early career progress. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 331-351. XIE, Y. & SHAUMAN, K. (2003). Women in science : Career processes and outcomes. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University.
RESKIN, B.F. & BIELBY, D.D. (2005). A sociological perspective on gender and career outcomes. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (1), 71-86.
LIPS, H.M. (1992). Gender and science-related attitudes as predictors of college students' academic and vocational choices. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 40, 62-81. SWAN, K.C. (2005). Vocational interests (The Self-Directed Search) of female carpenters. Journal of Counseling Psyschology, 52, 655-657.
LEUNG, S.A. (1993). Circumscription and compromise : A replication with Asian Americans. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 188-193. GOTTFREDSON, L.S. (2005). Applying Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise in career guidance and counseling. In S.D. Brown & R. T. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling : Putting theory and research to work (pp. 71-100). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley. [PDF]
LEUNG, S.A., CONOLEY, C.W. & SCHEEL, M. (1994). Factors affecting the vocational aspirations of gifted students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72, 298-303. LEUNG, S.A. & HOU, Z.J. (2005). The structure of vocational interest among Chinese students. Journal of Career Development, 32, 74-90.
FISMAN, R., IYENGAR, S. S., KAMENICA, E. & SIMONSON, I. (2006). Gender differences in mate selection : evidence from a speed dating experiment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121 (2), 673-697.
GOTTFREDSON, G.D. & DUFFY, R.D. (2008). Using a theory of vocational personalities and work environments to explore subjective well being. Journal of Career Assessment, 16, 44-59.
NAUTA, M.M. (2010). The development, evolution, and status of Holland's theory of vocational personalities : Reflections and future directions for counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 57 (1), 11-22.
 
Voir aussi Organisation, Modèle RIASEC et et Choix
Chômage : Chômeur : Individu sans emploi, en âge ou en état de travailler. Unemployment.
   
IVERSEN, L. & SABROE, S. (1988). Psychological well-being among unemployed and employed people after a company closedown : A longitudinal study. Journal of Social Issues, 44 (4), 141-152. MORRELL, S., PAGE, A. & TAYLOR, R. (2001). Unemployment and youth suicide. Economic & Labour Relations Review, 12, 4-17.
FEHR, E. (1990). Cooperation, harassment and involuntary unemployment ? American Economic Review, 80 (3), 624-630. [PDF] DOOLEY, D. & PRAUSE, J. (2004). The social costs of underemployment : Inadequate employment as disguised unemployment. New York : Cambridge University Press.
WINEFIELD, A.H., WINEFIELD, H.R., TIGGEMANN, M. & GOLDNEY, R.D. (1991). A longitudinal study of the psychological effects of unemployment and unsatisfactory employment in young adults. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 424-431. LUCAS, R.E., CLARK, A.E., GEORGELLIS, Y. & DIENER, E. (2004). Unemployment alters the set point for life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 15 (1), 8-13.
WINEFIELD, A.H., TIGGEMANN, M. & WINEFIELD, H.R. (1991). Attrition bias and internal validity in a longitudinal study of youth unemployment. Australian Journal of Psychology, 43, 69-73.
WINEFIELD, A.H., TIGGEMANN, M. & WINEFIELD, H.R. (1991). The psychological impact of unemployment and unsatisfactory employment in young men and women : Longitudinal and cross-sectional data. British Journal of Psychology, 82, 133-138.
WINEFIELD, A.H., TIGGEMANN, M. & WINEFIELD, H.R. (1992). Spare time use and psychological well-being in employed and unemployed young people. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 65 (S), 307-313. LINDSTRÖM, M. (2005). Psychosocial work conditions, unemployment and self-reported psychological health : A population-based study. Occupational Medicine, 55 (7), 568-571. [PDF]
WINEFIELD, A.H., TIGGEMANN, M. & WINEFIELD, H.R. (1992). Unemployment distress, reasons for job loss and causal attributions for unemployment in young people. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 65, 213-218. MOSSAKOWSKI, K.N. (2009). The influence of past unemployment duration on symptoms of depression among young women and men in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 99 (10), 1826-1832. [PDF]
OTTO, K., HOFFMANN-BIENCOURT, A. & MOHR, G. (2011). Is there a buffering effect of flexibility for job attitudes and work-related strain under conditions of high job insecurity and regional unemployment rate ? Economic & Industrial Democracy, 32, 609-630.
WINEFIELD, A.H., TIGGEMANN, M., WINEFIELD, H.R. & GOLDNEY, R.D. (1993). Growing up with unemployment : A longitudinal study of its psychological impact. London : Routledge. AMATO, P.R. & BEATTIE, B. (2011). Does the unemployment rate affect the divorce rate ? An analysis of state data 1960-2005. Social Science Research, 40, 705-715.
GREEN, F. (2011). Unpacking the misery multiplier : How employability modi es the impacts of unemployment and job insecurity on life satisfaction and mental health. Journal of Health Economics, 30 (2), 265-276.
WINEFIELD, A.H. & TIGGEMANN, M. (1994). Affective reactions to employment and unemployment as a function of prior expectations and motivation. Psychological Reports, 75, 243-247. AKLIN, W.M., WONG, C.J., HAMPTON, J., SVIKIS, D.S., STITZER, M.L., BIGELOW, G.E. & SILVERMAN, K. (2014). A therapeutic workplace for the long-term treatment of drug addiction and unemployment : Eight-Year outcomes of a social business intervention. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 47 (5), 329-338.
GOLDNEY, R.D., WINEFIELD, A.H., TIGGEMANN, M. & WINEFIELD, H.R. (1995). Suicidal ideation and unemployment : A prospective longitudinal study. Archives of Suicidal Research, 1, 175-184. MEYER, A. (2016). Is unemployment good for the environment ? Resource & Energy Economics, 45, 18-30.
PIKETTY, T. (1997). La redistribution fiscale face au chômage. Revue Française d'Économie, 12 (1), 157-201. [PDF]

Voir aussi Récession, Crise économique et Travail


Chomsky Noam Avram (Philadelphie 1928-) : Linguiste et philosophe américain. Père de la théorie générative du langage. Il a critiqué la théorie du langage de Skinner. Chomsky est également l'un des plus sévères critiques de la politique étrangère américaine et du rôle des médias américain. Skinner et Chomsky. Étudiant de Jacobson et d'Harris. Professeur de Jackendoff. Collaborateur de Fitch, Hauser, Herman et Zinn.
  j
No 38
CHOMSKY, N. (1959). A review of B.F. Skinner's Verbal behavior. Language, 35, 26-58.
CHOMSKY, N. (1965/69). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge : The MIT Press/ Structures syntaxiques. Paris : Éditions du Seuil.
CHOMSKY, N. (1989). Necessary illusions : Thought control in democratic societies. New York : South End Press .[PDF]
CHOMSKY, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press.
FITCH, W.T., HAUSER, M.D. & CHOMSKY, N. (2005). The evolution of the language faculty : Clarifications and implications. Cognition, 97 (2), 179-210. [PDF]
 
WIEST, W.M. (1967). Some recent criticism of behaviorism and learning theory with special reference to Breger and McGaugh and to Chomsky. Psychological Bulletin, 67, 214-225. KNAPP, T.J. (1997). Meeting the enemy : An essay review of Noam Chomsky : A life of dissent by Robert F. Barsky. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 14, 105-109. [PDF]
KATAHN, M. & KOPLIN, J.H. (1968). Paradigm clash : cornment on "Some recent criticisms of behaviorism and learning theory with special reference to Breger and McGaugh and to Chomsky". Psychological Bulletin, 69, 147-148. ZWART, J.-W. (1998). The minimalist program. Journal of Linguitics, 34, 213-226. [PDF]
CATANIA, A.C. (1972). Chomsky's formal analysis of natural languages : a behavioral translation. Behaviorism, 1, 1-15. [PDF] SMITH, N. (1999). Chomsky : Ideas and ideals. Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press.
SHERRARD, C. (1988). Rhetorical weapons : Chomsky's attack on Skinner. Educational Psychology, 8, 197-205. PALMER, D.C. (2000). Chomsky's nativism : A critical review. Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 17, 39-50. [PDF]
STEMMER, N. (1990). Skinner's verbal behavior, Chomsky's review, and mentalism. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54 (3), 307-319. [PDF] VIRUËS-ORTEGA, J. (2006). The case against B.F. Skinner 45 years later : An encounter with N. Chomsky. The Behavior Analyst, 29, 243-251. [PDF]
ANDRESEN, J.T. (1990). Skinner and Chomsky thirty years later. Histographica Linguistica, 17 (1/2), 145-165. [PDF] ADELMAN, B.E. (2007). An underdiscussed aspect of Chomsky (1959). The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 23, 29-34. [PDF]
ANDRESEN, J. (1991). Skinner and Chomsky 30 years later or : The return of the repressed. The Behavior Analyst, 14, 49-60.
RONDAL, J.A. (1994). Pieces of minds in psycholinguistics : Steven Pinker, Kenneth Wexler, and Noam Chomsky. A series of interviews conducted by Jean A. Rondal. International Journal of Psychology, 29, 85-104. LONGA, V.M. (2013). The evolution of the faculty of language from a Chomskyan perspective : bridging linguistics and biology. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 91, 1-48. [PDF]

Voir aussi Débat Skinner/Chomsky
Chomskien : Chomskyan perspective.
 
LONGA, V.M. (2013). The evolution of the faculty of language from a Chomskyan perspective : bridging linguistics and biology. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 91, 1-48. [PDF]
Chorpita Bruce F. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude et le traitement des phobies et des troubles d'anxitété. Étudiant de Barlow. Collaborateur de Forsyth, Heimberg, Hofmann et Weisz.
CHORPITA, B.F. (1995). Eventual responders : What do we do when treatments do not work ? Behavior Therapist, 18, 140-141.
CHORPITA, B.F. (1997). Since the operant chamber : Is behavior therapy still thinking in boxes ? Behavior Therapy, 28, 577-583.
CHORPITA, B.F. & BARLOW, D.H. (1998). The development of anxiety : The role of control in the early environment. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 3-21.
FORSYTH, J.P., DALEIDEN, E.L. & CHORPITA, B.F. (2000). Response primacy in fear conditioning : Disentangling the contributions of the unconditioned stimulus versus the unconditioned response. The Psychological Record, 50, 17-33. [PDF]
CHORPITA, B.F. (2007). Modular cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety disorders. New York : Guilford.
Chossudovsky Michel ( ) : Économiste canadien, spécialisé dans l'étude de la mondialisation des marchés et du terrorisme.
CHOSSUDOVSKY, M. (1998). Politique macro-économique et blanchiment de l'argent de la drogue. Dans P. Piro (Dir.), Drogues, les fruits amers de la mondialisation. Paris : Éditions Charles Leopold Mayer.
CHOSSUDOVSKY, M. (2002). Guerre et mondialisation - La vérité derrière le 11 septembre. Écosociété /War on globalisation : The truth behind september 11. Global Outlook.
CHOSSUDOVSKY, M. (2003). The globalization of poverty and the new world order.
CHOSSUDOVSKY, M. (2004). Mondialisation de la pauvreté et nouvel ordre mondial. Écosociété.
CHOSSUDOVSKY, M. (2005). America's "war on terrorism".
Chose : Tout ce qui existe, que l'on puisse ou non le nommer; exclue parfois les animaux et les humains. = objet. Thing.
 
Choucas des tours : Oiseau de la famille des corvidés. Jackdaw.
 
DORÉ, É. (2022). Les vocalises des choucas synchronisent leur décollage. Pour la Science, 538.

BURNIE, D. (Ed.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi. Voir aussi Corvidés, Animal et Oiseau
 
Chouinard Guy ( ) : Psychiatre québécois, spécialisé en pharmacologie, notamment dans l'étude des psychoses. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'effet despsychotropes et de l'hypersensibilité à la dopamine.
CHOUINARD, G. & JONES, B.D. & ANNABLE, L. (1978). Neuroleptic induced supersensitivity psychosis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 1409-1410.
CHOUINARD, G. & JONES, B.D. (1980). Neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis : Clinical and pharmacologic characteristics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137 (1), 16-21. [PDF]
CHOUINARD, G. (1982). Neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychos, the "hump course" and tardive dyskinesia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 2, 143-144.
CHOUINARD, G. (1991). Severe cases of neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 5, 21-33.
CHOUINARD, G., CHOUINARD, V.A. & CORRUBLE, E. (2011). Beyond DSM-IV bereavement exclusion criterion E for major depressive disorder. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 80 (1), 804-809.
Christakis Dimitri A. ( ) : Médecin et pédiatre américain spécialisée dans l'étude du développement des enfants, notamment des effets d'exposition à la télévision. Collaborateur de Meltzoff, Moreno et Zimmerman.
CHRISTAKIS, D.A. (1999). Developmental changes in imitation from television during infancy. Child Development, 70 (5), 1067-1081.
CHRISTAKIS, D.A., ZIMMERMAN, F.G., DI GIUSEPPE, D.L. & McCARTY, C.A. (2004). Early television exposure and subsequent attentional problems in children. Pediatrics, 113 (4), 708-713. [PDF]
CHRISTAKIS, D.A. (2007). Can we turn a toxin into a tonic ? Toward 21st-Century television alchemy. Pediatrics, 120 (3), 647-648.
CHRISTAKIS, D.A., (2009). The effects of infant media usage : what do we know and what should we learn ? Acta Paediatrica, 98 (1), 8-16. [PDF]
CHRISTAKIS, D.A., (2011). The effects of fast-paced cartoons. Pediatrics, 128 (4), 772-774.
Christianisme : Chrétien : Religion. Christian, christianity.
 
Formes de christianisme
Catholicisme Orthodoxe Protestantisme
 
   
PRIESTLEY, J. (1782). An history of the corruptions of christianity. JONES, S. (2000). Feminist theory and christian theology. Fortress Press : Minneapolis.
LACK, D. (1957). Evolutionary theory and Christian belief : the unresolved conflict. London : Methuen.  COLLIER, A. (2003). On Christian belief : A defence of a cognitive conception of religious belief in a Christian context. Routledge.
DELUMEAU, G. (1977). Le Christianisme va-t-il mourir ? Paris : Hachette. ENGELHARDT, H.T. & ILTIS, A.S. (2005). End-of-life : the traditional Christian view. The Lancet, 366, 1045-1049.
COLLINS, G.R. (1977). The rebuilding of psychology : An integration of psychology and Christianity. Wheaton, IL : Tyndale House.   HAKOLA, R. (2009). Erik H. Erikson's identity theory and the formation of early Christianity. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 30 (1), 5-15. [PDF]
WILSON, R.W. (1985). Christianity-biased and unbiased dogmatism's relationships to different Christian commitments, including conversion. The High School Journal, 68, 374-388. KASOMO, D. (2009). An analysis of the rites of passage and their relation to Christianity. International Journal of Sociology & Anthropology, 1 (8), 156-166.
BOSWELL, J. (1985). Christianisme, tolérance sociale et homosexualité, Les homosexuels en Europe occidentale des débuts de l’ère chrétienne au 14e siècle. Paris : Gallimard.
VERKUYTEN, M. & THIJS, J. (2010). Religious group relations among Christian, Muslim and non-religious early adolescents in the Netherlands. Journal of Early Adolescence, 30, 27-49.

Voir aussi Dogme, Croyance, Foi et Religion
Christianson Sven A. (1954-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine suédoise, et spécialiste de la mémoire. Collaborateur de Hoffman, Loftus et Loftus
CHRISTIANSON, S.-A. (1984). The relationship between induced emotional arousal and amnesia. Journal of Psychology, 25 (2), 147-160.
CHRISTIANSON, S.-A., LOFTUS, E.F. (1987). Memory for traumatic events. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 1, 225-239.
CHRISTIANSON, S.-A. (1989). Flashbulb memories : Special, but not so special. Memory & Cognition, 17, 435-443.
CHRISTIANSON, S.-A., LOFTUS, E.F., HOFFMAN, H. & LOFTUS, G. (1991). Eye fixations and memory for emotional events. Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory & Cognition 17(4), 693-701.
CHRISTIANSON, S.-A. & ENGELBERG, E. (1999). Memory and emotional consistency : The MS Estonia ferry disaster. Memory, 7, 471-482.
Chromosome : Du grec chroma qui signifie "couleur" et soma qui veut dire "corps". Le terme a été proposé par Waldeyer. Les chromosomes sont des éléments microscopiques du noyau de chaque cellule d'un organisme. Ils sont constitués d'une molécule d'ADN et de protéines. Les chromosomes sont les supports des gènes. Il existe 23 paires de chromosomes dans chaque cellule humaine, dont une seule paire de chromosomes sexuels. = porteur de l'ADN, véhicule des gènes, support de l'information génétique. ( ): chromosone homologue/autosome, chromosone hétérochrome/gonosome (gamètes sexuelle). Chromosome, chromatine.
 
Chromosone
Chromosone sexuel (X et Y) Chromosone X Chromosone 21
  Chromosone Y  
 
   
McCLUNG, C.E. (1901). Notes on the accessory chromosome. Anatomischer Anzeiger, 20, 220-226. BISGAARD, M.L., EIBERG, H., MOLLER, N., NIEBUHR, E. & MOHR, J. (1987). Dyslexia and chromosome 15 hetero- morphism : Negative lod score in a Danish material. Clinical Genetics, 32, 118-119.
MONTGOMERY, T.H. (1901). A study of the chromosomes of the germ cells of Metozoa.Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 20, (2), 154-236. [PDF]
McCLUNG, C.E. (1901). The accesory chromosome - Sex determinant ? Biological Bulletin, 3 (1-2), 43-84. BARON, M., RISCH, N., HAMBURGER, R., MANDEL, B., KUSHNER, S., NEWMAN, M., DRUMER, D. & BELMAKER, R.H. (1987). Genetic linkage between X chromosome markers and bipolar affective illness. Nature, 326, 289-292.
SUTTON, W.S. (1902). On the morphology of the chromosome group in Brachystola magna. Biological Bulletin, 4 (1), 24-39. MAZIA, D. (1987). The chromosome cycle and the centrosome cycle in the mitotic cycle. International Review of Cytology, 100, 49-92.
SUTTON, W.S. (1903). The chromosomes in heredity. Biological Bulletin, 4, 231-251. [PDF] SHERRINGTON, R., BRYNJOLFFSON, J., PETURSSON H., POTTER, M., DUDLESTON, K., BARRACLOUGH, B., WASMUTH, J., DOBBS, M. & GURLING, H. (1988). Localization of a susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 5. Nature, 336, 164-167.
BAUMGARTNER, W.J. (1904). Some new evidences for the individuality of the chromosomes. Biological Bulletin, 8, 1-24. [PDF] CREMER, T. & CREMER, C. (1988). Centennial of Wilhelm Waldeyer's introduction of the term "chromosome" in 1888. Cytogenetics & Genome Research, 48 (2), 65-67.
McCLUNG, C.E. (1905). The chromosome complex of orthopteran spermatocytes. Biological Bulletin, 9, 304. KENNEDY, J.L., GIUFFRA, L.A., MOISES, H.W., BAILLIE, D. HUBBARD, A. & WRIGHT, A. (1988), Evidence against linkage of schizophrenia to markers on chromosome 5 in a northern Swedish pedigree. Nature, 336, 167-170.
WILSON, E.B. (1905). The chromosomes in relation to the determination of sex in insects.Science, 22 (564), 500-502. [PDF] ST-CLAIR, D., BLACKWOOD, D., MUIR, W., BAILLIE, D. HUBBARD, A., WRIGHT, A. & EVANS, H.J. (1989). No linkage of chromosome 5q11-q13 markers to schizophrenia in Scottish families. Nature, 339, 305-309
MONTGOMERY, T.H. (1905). The spermatogenesis of Syrbula and Lycosa, with general considerations upon and the heterochromosomes. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 57 (1), 162-205. [PDF] COOK-DUNNIGAN, R.M., ROSSITER, B.J.F., ENGEL, L., NELSON, D.L. & CASKEY, C.T. (1990). Report of the X chromosome workshop. Genomics, 7, 647-654. [PDF]
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MONTGOMERY, T.H. (1906). The terminology of aberrant chromosomes and their behavior in certain Hemiptera. Science, 23 (575), 36-38.
BOVERI, T. (1908/09). Über die beziehung des chromatins zur geschlechtbestimmung. Sitzungsberichte Der Physik.-Med. Gesellschaft Zu Würzburg, HU, S., PATTATUCHI, A.M.L., PATTERSON, C., LI, L., FULKER, D.W., CHERNY, S.S., KRUGLYAK, L. & HAMER, D.H. (1994). Linkage between sexual orientation and chromosome Xq28 in males but not in females. Nature Genetics, 11, 248-256.
BOVERI, T. (1909). Die Blastomerenkerne von Ascaris megalocephala und die Theorie der Chromosomen-Individualität. Arch. Zellforsch. 3, 181-268. CARDON, L.R., SMITH, S.D., FULKER, D.W., KIMBERLING, W.J., PENNINGTON, B.F. & DEFRIES, J.C. (1994). Quantitative trait locus for reading disability on chromosome 6. Science, 266, 276-279.
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WILSON, E.B. (1909). The chromosomes in relation to the determination of sex. Science, 22 (564), 500-502. PATERSON, A.D. (1998). X-chromosome workshop. Psychiatric Genetics, 8 (2), 121-126.
MONTGOMERY, T.H. (1910). Are particular chromosomes sex determinants ? Biological Bulletin, 19 (1), 1-17. [PDF] BRUTOWICZ, L.M., HODGKINSON, K.A., CHOW, E.W., HORNER, W.G. & BASSETT, S. (2000). Location of a major susceptibility locus for familial schizophrenia on chromosome 1q21-q22. Science, 288, 678-682.
CAROTHERS, E.E. (1913). The Mendelian ratio in relation to certain orthopteran chromosomes. Journal of Morpholology, 24, 487-511. VISSCHER, P.M., HALEY, C.S., EWALD, H., MORS, O., EGELAND, J., THIEL, B., GINNS, E., MUIR, W. & BLACKWOOD, D.H. (2005). Joint multi-population analysis for genetic linkage of bipolar disorder or wellness to chromosome 4p. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B : Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 133B, 18-24. [PDF]
CAROTHERS, E.E. (1917). The segregation and recombination of homologous chromosomes as found in two genera of Acrididae (Orthoptera). Journal of Morpholology, 28, 445-521. BASSETT, A.S., CHOW, E.W.C. & WEKSBERG, R. (2000). Chromosomal abnormalities and schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 97, 45-51.
ROSTAND, E (1928). Les chromosomes artisans de l'hérédité. Paris : Hachette.
DARLINGTON, C.D. (1932). Chromosomes and plant breeding. Londres : Macmillan. EKELUND, J., HOVATTA, I., PARKER, A., PAUNIO, T., VARILO, T., MARTIN, R., SUHONEN, J., ELLONEN, P., CHAN, G., SINSHEIMER, J.S., SOBEL, E., JUVONEN, H., ARAJÄRVI, R., PARTONEN, T., SUVISAAR, J., LÖNNQVIST, J., MEYER, J. & PELTONEN, L. (2001). Chromosome 1 loci in Finnish schizophrenia families. Human Molecular Genetics, 10 (15), 1611-1617. [PDF]
DARLINGTON, C.D. (1945). Chromosome atlas of cultivated plants. George Allen and Unwin. MacINTYRE, D.J., BLACKWOOD, D.H., PORTEOUS, D.J., PICKARD, B.S. & MUIR, W.J. (2003). Chromosomal abnormalities and mental illness. Molecular Psychiatry, 8, 275-287.
CHARLESWORTH, D. (2004). The evolution of sex chromosomes. Science, 251, 1030-1033.
BARTLETT, C.W., FLAX, J.F., LOGUE, M.W., SMITH, B.J., VIELAND, V.J., TALLAL, P. & BRZUSTOWICZ, L.M. (2004). Examination of potential overlap in autism and language loci on chromosomes 2, 7, and 13 in two independent samples ascertained for specific language impairment. Human Heredity, 57, 10-20.
DARLINGTON, C.D. (1963). Chromosome botany and the origins of cultivated plants. Hafner Pub. Co. VISSCHER, P.M., HALEY, C.S., EWALD, H., MORS, O., EGELAND, J., THIEL, B., GINNS, E., MUIR, W. & BLACKWOOD, D.H. (2005). Joint multi-population analysis for genetic linkage of bipolar disorder or wellness to chromosome 4p. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B : Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 133B, 18-24. [PDF]
COLEMAN, B. (1970). Bateson and chromosomes : conservative thought in science. Centaurus 15, 228–314.
CHARLESWORTH, D. (2022). Some thoughts about the words we use for thinking about sex chromosome evolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377, [PDF]

ABERCROMBIE, M., HICKMAN, C.J. & JOHNSON, M.L. (1980). Dictionary of biology. Londres : Penguin. Voir aussi Syndrome du X fragile et ADN
Chromosome sexuel : La 23e paires de chromosomes contenu dans les cellules, qui détermine le sexe des humains (et de plusieurs autres mammifères). Découvert par Stevens et Wilson, dans le même laboratoire, mais indépendament l'un de l'autre. Il existe deux types de chromosomes sexuels, X et Y. Les hommes possèdent un chromosome X et un chromosome Y, les femmes deux chromosomes X. = gonosome. Sex chromosome.
   
STEVENS, N.M. (1905). Studies in spermatogenesis (Part 1) with especial reference to the"accessory chromosome". Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication, 36, 33. SINCLAIR, A., BERTA, P., PALMER, M.S., HAWKINS, J.R., GRIFFITHS, B.L., SMITH, M.J., FOSTER, J.W., FRISCHAUF, A.M., LOVELL-BADGE, R. & GOODFELLOW, P.N. (1990). A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature, 346 (6281), 240-244.
WILSON, E.B. (1905). The chromosomes in relation to the determination of sex in insects. Science, 22, 500-502. [PDF] CHARLESWORTH, D. (2002). Plant sex determination and sex chromosomes. Heredity 88 (2), 94-101.
OHNO, S. (1967). Sex chromosomes and sex-linked genes. New York : Springer-Verlag. CHARLESWORTH, D. (2004). The evolution of sex chromosomes. Science, 251, 1030-1033.
CHARLESWORTH, D., COYNE, J.A. & BARTON, N.H. (1987). The relative rates of evolution of sex chromosomes and autosomes. American Naturalist, 130 (1), 113-146. WILSON-SAYRES, M.A. (2018). Genetic diversity on the sex chromosomes. Genome Biology & Evolution, 10 (4), 1064-1078. [PDF]

Voir aussi X, Y, SRY, Détermination du sexe et Chromosome
Chromosone X : Chez l'humain, l'un des deux chromosomes sexuels (X et Y), découvert presque au même moment par Stevens et Wilson. Les femmes possèdent deux chromosomes X, les hommes un seul. X, reproduction sexuée et syndrome du X fragile. X chromosome.
   
COOK-DUNNIGAN, R.M., ROSSITER, B.J.F., ENGEL, L., NELSON, D.L. & CASKEY, C.T. (1990). Report of the X chromosome workshop. Genomics, 7, 647-654. [PDF]
HAMER, D.H., HU, S., MAGNUSON, V.L., HU, N. & PATTATUCHI, A.M.L. (1993). A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation. Science, 261, 320-326.
DELISI, L.E. & CROW, T.J. (1998). Evidence for linkage to psychosis and cerebral asymmetry (relative hand skill) on the X-chromosome. American Journal of Medical Genetic, 81, 420-427.

ABERCROMBIE, M., HICKMAN, C.J. & JOHNSON, M.L. (1980). Dictionary of biology. Londres : Penguin. Voir aussi Syndrome du X fragile, Y et Chromosome
Chromosone X fragile : Voir Syndrome du X fragile. Fragile X mental retardation.
Chromosone Y : Type de chromosomes sexuels, découvert presque au même moment par Stevens et Wilson, qui est transmis immuablement et à l'identique du père à son fils. Chaque homme reçoit son chromosome Y de son père exclusivement. Les femmes n'ont pas de chromosone Y, mais deux X. Chromosone Y, reproduction sexuée et X. Y chromosome, Y.
Cichlid fishes, Pisces : Cichlidae .
   
STEVENS, N.M. (1905). Studies in spermatogenesis (Part 1) with especial reference to the "accessory chromosome". Carnegie Institution of Washington, Publication, 36, 33. KIDD, J.R., QASIM MEHDI, S., SEIELSTAD, M.T., SPENCER WELLS, R., PIAZZA, A., DAVIS, R.W., FELDMAN, M.W., CAVALLI-SFORZA L.L. & OEFNER, P.J. (2000). Y chromosome sequence variation and the history of human populations. Nature genetics, 26 (3), 358-361. [PDF]
WILSON, E.B. (1905). The chromosomes in relation to the determination of sex in insects. Science, 22, 500-502. [PDF] LELL et al. (2002). The dual origin and Siberian affinities of Native American Y chromosomes. American Journal of Human Genetics, 70, 192–206.
GOODFELLOW, P.N., DARLING, S. & WOLFE, J. (1985). The human Y chromosome. Journal of Medical Genetics, 22, 332-344. CHARLESWORTH, D. (2004). Sex determination : Primitive Y dispatch chromosomes in fish. Current Biology, 14, 745-747. [PDF]
SINCLAIR, A., BERTA, P., PALMER, M.S., HAWKINS, J.R., GRIFFITHS, B.L., SMITH, M.J., FOSTER, J.W., FRISCHAUF, A.M., LOVELL-BADGE, R. & GOODFELLOW, P.N. (1990). A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature, 346 (6281), 240-244. WATERS, P.D., WALLIS, M.C. & GRAVES, J.A.M. (2007). Mammalian sex - Origin and evolution of the Y chromosome and SRY. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 18, 389-400. [PDF]
CHARLESWORTH, D. (1996). The degeneration of Y chromosomes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 55 (1403), 1563-1572. BACHTROG, D. (2013). Y-chromosome evolution : emerging insights into processes of Y-chromosome degeneration. Nature Review of Genetics, 14, 113-124.
BIANCHI, N.O., BAILLIET, G., BRAVI, C.M., CARNESE, R.F., ROTHHAMMER, F., MARTINEZ-MARIGNAC, V.L., PENA, S.D. (1997). Origin of Amerindian Y-chromosomes as inferred by the analysis of six polymorphic markers. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 102, 79–89. AKAGI, T., HENRY, I.M., TAO, R. & COMAI, L. (2014). A Y-chromosome-encoded small RNA acts as a sex determinant in persimmons, Science, 346, 646-650.

Voir aussi Chromosome X et SRY
Chromosone 21 : Voir Syndrome de Down. Down syndrome, mongoloids.
Chrono : Préfixe. Du grec qui signifie "temps".
 
Chrono-
Chronopsycologie Chronobiologie Chronosystème
 
Chronopsychologie : Chronobiologie : Branche de la pyschologie et de la biologie qui s'intéresse aux effets psychologiques des rythmes biologiques, notamment des rythme circadiens. Chronopsychology.
 
REINBERG, A. (1974). Chronopharmacology in man. Chronobiologia, 1, 157-185.
REINBERG, A. (1979). Des rythmes biologiques à la chronobiologie. Paris : Gauthier-Villars.
TESTU, F. (2000). Chronopsychologie et rythmes scolaires. Paris : Masson.
Chronosystème : Voir Système (Chrono).
Church Russell Miller (1930-2021) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain. Il s'intéresse notamment aux effets de la punition. On lui doit également le concept d'horloge interne. Collaborateur de Boe, Campbell, Deluty, Gibbon, Lolordo, Maccoby, Meck, Overmier et Solomon.
CHURCH, R.M. (1956). Effect of overtraining on subsequent learning of incidental cues. Psychological Reports, 2, 247-254.
CHURCH, R.M. (1964). Systematic effect of random error in the yoked control design. Psychological Bulletin, 62, 122-131.
CHURCH, R.M., WOOTEN, C.L. & MATTHEWS, T.J. (1970). Discriminative punishment and the conditioned emotional response. Learning & Motivation, 1, 1-17.
CHURCH, R.M. (1980). Short-term memory for time intervals. Learning & Motivation, 11, 208-219.
CHURCH, R.M. (2001). Animal Cognition : 1900-2000. Behavioural Processes, 54, 53- 63.
Churchland
Patricia Smith Churchland Paul M. Churchland
 
Churchland Patricia Smith (1943-) : Philosophe et épistémologue américaine d'origine canadienne. Elle s'est notamment intéressée à la conscience et à son étude empirique. Collaboratrice de Churchland, Ramachadran et Sejnowski.
CHURCHLAND, P.S. (1986). Neurophilosophy : toward a unified science of the mind-brain. Cambridge : MIT Press.
CHURCHLAND, P.S. (1991). Les neurosciences concernent-elles la philosophie ? In J.-N. Missa (Ed.), Philosophie de l'esprit et sciences du cerveau. Paris : Librarie Philosophique J. Vrin.
CHURCHLAND, P.S. & SEJNOWSKI, T.J. (1988). Perspectives on cognitive neuroscience. Science, 242, 741-74. [PDF]
CHURCHLAND, P.S. (1988). The significance of neuroscience for philosophy. Trends In Neurosciences, 11, 304-307.
CHURCHLAND, P.S. (2002). Brain-wise : studies in neurophilosophy. Cambridge : MIT Press.
Churchland Paul M. (1942-) : Philosophe et épistémologue américain d'origine canadienne. Il est l'un des chefs de file du matérialisme éliminatif. Collaborateur de Churchland.
CHURCHLAND, P.M. (1986). Some reductive strategies in cognitive neurobiology. Mind, 95, 279-309.
CHURCHLAND, P.M. (1989). A neurocomputational perspective : The nature of mind and the structure of science. Cambridge : MIT Press.
CHURCHLAND, P.M. (1989). Images of science : Scientific realism versus constructive empiricism. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
CHURCHLAND, P.M. (1998). Conceptual similarity across neural and sensory diversity. Journal of Philosophy, 95, 5-32.
CHURCHLAND, P.M. (1999). Matière et conscience. Paris : Champ Vallon.
 
CHO - CIGARETTE - CIM-10 - CINÉMA - CIRCUIT NEURONAL - CISGENRE - CITER SES SOURCES - CIVILISATION - CL
Cialdini Robert B. (1945-) : Psychosociologue américain. Il étudie le pouvoir et les influences sociales. Il s'intéresse également à l'altruisme. Professeur de Kenrick. Collaborateur de Cacioppo, Couper, Griskevicius et Groves.
CIALDINI, R.B., VINCENT, J.E., LEWIS, S.K., CATALAN, J., WHEELER, D. & DARBY, B.L. (1975). Reciprocal concessions procedure for inducing compliance : The door-in-the-face technique. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 31, 206-215. [PDF]
CIALDINI, R.B. & CACIOPPO, J., BASSET, R. & MILLER, B.L. (1978). Low-ball procedure for producing compliance : Commitment then cost. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36, 599-604. [PDF]
CIALDINI, R.B. BROWN, S.L., LEWIS, B.P., LUCE, C. & NEUBERG, S.L. (1997). Reinterpreting the empathy-altruism relationship : When one into one equals openess. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 73, 481-494.
CIALDINI, R.B. & GOLDSTEIN, N.J. (2004). Social influence : Compliance and conformity. Annual Review of Psycholy, 55, 591-621. [PDF]
CIALDINI, R.B. (2005). Basic social influence is underestimated. Psychological Inquiry, 16, 158-161.
Cichlidé : Poisson. = Pisces, Cichlidae. Cichlid fishes, Pisces : Cichlidae .
   
MYRBERG, A. A. (1965). A descriptive analysis of the behaviour of the African cichlid fish Pelmatochromis Güntheri (Sauvage). Animal Behavior, 13, 312-329. MROWKA, W. (1984). Is the parental-care behaviour of Aequidens paraguayensis (Cichlidae) optimal ? Behaviour, 89, 128-146.
OPPENHEIMER, J.R. & BARLOW, G.W. (1968). Dynamics of parental behavior in the black-chinned mouth breeder, Tilapia melanotheron (Pisces : Cichlidae). Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 25, 889-914. KUWAMARA, T. (1986). Parental care and mating systems of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika : a preliminary field survey. Journal of Ethology, 4, 129-146.
OVERMIER, J.B. & GROSS, D.M. (1972). Quantitative study of nest building activity of the East African mouthbreeding fish, Tilapia mossambica. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 31, 326-329. SCHWANK, E. & RANA, K. (1991). Male-female parental roles in Sarotherodon galilaeus (Pisces : Cichlidae). Ethology, 89, 229-243.
OVERMIER, J.B. & GROSS, D.M. (1974). Effects of telencephalic ablation upon nestbuilding and avoidance behavior in East African mouthbreeding fish, Tilapia mossambica. Behavioral Biology, 12, 211-222. BARLOW, G.W. (1991). Mating systems among cichlid fishes. In M.H.A. Keenleyside (Ed.), Cichlid fishes. Behaviour, ecology and evolution (pp. 173-190). New York : Chapman and Hall.
TIMMS, A.M. & KEENLEYSIDE, M.H.A. (1975). The reproductive behaviour of Aequidens paraguayensis. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie, 39, 8-23. OLIVEIRA, R.F. & ALMADA, V.C. (1996). On the (In)stability of dominance hierarchies in the Cichiid Fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 37-45. [PDF]

FUNNELL, T.R., FIALKOWSI, R.J. & DIJKSTRA, P.D. (2022). Social dominance does not increase oxidative stress in a female dominance hierarchy of an African cichlid fish. Ethology, 128, 15-25. [PDF]

Voir aussi Poisson
Cigare : Objet phallique, le préféré de Freud et d'Hergé. Voir Fumer, Cancer et Nicotine. Cigare.
   
Cigarette : Cigarette électronique : Voir Fumer, Cancer et Nicotine. Cigarette.
Cihon Traci M. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude du comportement verbal. Collaboratrice de Mattaini et Neef.
CIHON T.M. (2007). A review of training intraverbal repertoires : Can precision teaching help ? The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 23, 123-133.
CIHON T.M., GARDNER R., MORRISON, D. & PAUL, P.V. (2008). Using visual phonics as a strategic intervention to increase literacy behaviors for kindergarten students at-risk for reading failure. Early Intensive Behavior Interventions, 5 (3), 138-155.
CIHON T.M., STURTZ, A. & ESHLEMAN, J. (2012). The effects of instructor-provided or student-created flashcards with weekly, one-minute timings on unit quiz scores in Introduction to Applied Behavior Analysis courses. The European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 13 (1), 47-57.
CIHON T.M., MORFORD, Z., STEPHENS, C., MORRISON, D., SHRONTZ, R. & KELLY, K.L. (2013). The effects of instruction, modeling, or See The Sound/Visual Phonics on undergraduate students learning to read Italian. Teaching Reading in a Foreign Language (S), 25 (1), 26-51.
CIHON T.M. & MATTAINI, M.A. (2019). Editorial : Emerging cultural and behavioral systems science. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 42, 699–711. [PDF]
CIM-10 : CIM-11 : 10e et 11e versions de la Classification Internationale des Maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes. CIM-10 et DSM-IV. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ICD-10.
   
ORGANISATION WH (1993). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders : diagnostic criteria for research. World Health OrganizatiON.
OTTOSSON, H., GRANN, M. & KULLGREN, G. (2000). Test-retest reliability of a self-report questionnaire for DSM-IV and ICD-10 personality disorder. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 16, 53-58.
 FIRST, M.B. & WESTERN, D. (2007). Classification for clinical practice : how to make ICD and DSM better able to serve clinicians. International Review of Psychiatry, 19, 473-481.
BLANZ, B., SCHMIDT, M.H. & ESSER, G. (2010). Conduct disorders (CD) : the reliability and validity of the new ICD-10 categories. Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 53 (2), 93-103.
EMMELKAMP, P.M.G. (2012). Specific and social phobias in ICD-11. World psychiatry, 11 (S1), 94-99.

Voir aussi DSM
Cinéma : Cinéma, média et télévision. Movie, film.
   
MÜNSTERBERG, H. (1916). The photoplay : A psychological study. New York : Appleton. ALEXANDER, M. & WAXMAN, D. D. (2000). Cinemeducation : Teaching family systems through the movies. Families, Systems & Health, 18, 455-466.
BANDURA, A., ROSS, D. & ROSS, S.A. (1963). Imitation of film-mediated aggressive models. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 66, 3-11. DERMER S.B. & HUTCHINGS, J.B. (2000). Utilizing movies in family therapy : Applications for individuals, couples, and families. American Journal of Family Therapy, 28 (2), 163-180.
 LEVENTHAL, H. & KAFES, P.N. (1963). The effectiveness of fear arousing movies in motivating preventive health measures. New York State Journal of Medicine, 63, 867-874.
KORIAT, A., MELKMAN, R., AVERILL, J.R. & LAZARUS, R S. (1972). The self-control of emotional reactions to a stressful film. Journal of Personality, 40, 601-619. YOKOTA, F. & THOMPSON, K.M. (2000). Violence in G-rated animated films. Journal of the American Medical Association, 283 (20), 2716-2720.
TURNER, C.W. & BERKOWITZ, L. (1972). Identification with film aggressor (covert role taking) and reactions to film violence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 21, 256-264. TSAI, J.L., LEVENSON, R.W. & CARSTENSEN, L.L. (2000). Autonomic, expressive, and subjective responses to emotional films in older and younger Chinese American and European American adults. Psychology & Aging, 15, 684-693. [PDF]
ZILLMANN, D., MODY, B. & CANTOR, J.R. (1974). Emphatic perception of emotional displays in films as a function of hedonic and excitatory state prior to exposure. Journal of Research in Personality, 8, (4), 335-349. MORI, K. (2003). Surreptitiously projecting different movies to two subsets of viewers. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 35, 599-604.
PERRY, D.G. & PERRY, L.C. (1976). Identification with film characters, covert aggressive verbalization, and reactions to film violence. Journal of Research in Personality, 10 (4), 399-409. DIXON, W.W. (2004). Film and television after 9/11. Illinois. Southern Illinois University Press.
KASSIN, S.M. (1982). Heider and Simmel 1944 revisited : Causal attribution and the animated film technique. Review of Personality & Social Psychology, 3, 145-170. FUNK, J.B., BALDACCI, H.B., PASOLD, T. & BAUMGARDNER, J. (2004). Violence exposure in real-life, video games, television, movies, and the internet : is there desensitization ? Journal of Adolescence, 27 (1), 23-39. [PDF]
THOMAS, M.H. (1982). Physiological arousal, exposure to a relatively lengthy aggressive film, and aggressive behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 72-81. GENTILE, D.A., HUMPHREYS, J. & WALSH, D.A. (2005). Media ratings for movies, music, video games & television : A review of the research and recommendations for improvements. Adolescent Medicine Clinics, 16, 427-446. [PDF]
BAGGETT, P. & EHRENFEUCHT, A. (1983). Encoding and retaining information in the visuals and verbals of an educational movie. Educational Communication & Technology Journal, 31, 23-32. MORI, K. (2007). A revised method for projecting two different movies to two groups of viewers without their noticing the duality. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 574-578.
GABBARD, K.E. & GABBARD, G.O. (1985). Countertransference in the movies. The Psychoanalytic Review, 72 (1), 171-184. CHIVERS, M.L., SETO, M.C. & BLANCHARD, R. (2007). Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors ins exual films. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 93 (6), 1108-1121. [PDF]
GABBARD, K.E. & GABBARD, G.O. (1987). The science fiction film and psychoanalysis : Alien and Melanie Klein’s "Night Music". In M. Charney & J .Reppen (Eds.), Psychoanalytic approaches to literature and film. Cranbury, NJ : Associated University Presses. DIAMOND, D. (2007). Attachment disorganization and creativity in Fanny and Alexander by Ingmar Bergman. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 27 (4), 474-486.
GABBARD, K.E. & GABBARD, G.O. (1987). Psychiatry and the cinema. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. DIAMOND, D. (2007). Passion for survival in Polanski’s The Pianist. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 27 (4), 425-439.
GABBARD, G.O. & GABBARD, K.E. (1989). The female psychoanalyst in the movies. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 37 (4), 1031-1049. DAHL, G. & DELLAVIGNA, S. (2009). Does movie violence increase violent crime ? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 124, 677-734. [PDF]
COHEN, A.J. (1990). Understanding musical soundtracks. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 8 (2), 111-124. WESSEL, I., HUNTJENS, R.J.C. & VERWOERD, J.R.L. (2010). Cognitive control and suppression of memories of an emotional film. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 41 (2), 83-89.
THOMPSON, W.F., RUSSO, F.A. & SINCLAIR, D. (1994). Effects of underscoring on the perception of closure in filmed events. Psychomusicology, 13, 9-27. ERISMAN, S.M. & ROEMER, L. (2010). A preliminary investigation of the effects of experimentally-induced mindfulness on emotional responding to film clips. Emotion, 10 (1), 72-82. [PDF]
BUTLER, L.D., KOOPMAN, C. & ZIMBARDO, P.G. (1995). The psychological impact of the film JFK : emotions, beliefs, and political behavioral intentions. Political Psychology16, 237–257.

ANDERSON, C.A. (1997). Effects of violent movies and trait hostility on hostile feelings and aggressive thoughts. Aggressive Behavior, 23, 161-178. WADE, N.J. (2013). The experimental origins of cinema, stereo and their combination. PUBLIC, Art, Culture, Ideas, 24, 60-71.
SMITH, S.M., McINTOSH, W.D. & BAZZINI, D.G. (1999). Are the beautiful good in Hollywood ? An investigation of the beauty-and-goodness stereotype on film. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 21 (1), 69-80. [PDF] DE PATER, I., JUDGE, T.A. & SCOTT, B.A. (2014). Age, gender, and compensation : A study of Hollywood
movie stars. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23 (4), 407-420.
PENNELL, A.E. & BROWNE, K.D. (1999). Film violence and young offenders. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 4, 13-28.

Voir aussi Télévision, Média et Musique
Cinq principaux traits de la personnalité : Voir Traits centraux (théorie). Big five.
Circoncision : Chirurgie qui consiste en l'ablation totale ou partielle du prépuce (souvent en bas âge). Circoncision, religion et pénis. Circumcision.
 
TADDIO, A., KATZ, J., ILERSICH, A.L. & KOREN, G. (1997). Effect of neonatal circumcision on pain response during subsequent routine vaccination. Lancet, 349, 599-603.
CARPENTER, M.B. & SUTIN, J. (1983). Human neuroanatomy. Londres : Williams & Wilkins.
Circonvolution cingulaire : Faisceau de fibres de substance blanche qui relie le cortex cingulaire à l'hippocampe. = cingulum, lobe limbique. Cingulate gyri.



  CARPENTER, M.B. & SUTIN, J. (1983). Human neuroanatomy. Londres : Williams & Wilkins.
Circuit neuronal : Voir Neuro-circuit. Circuit, neural pathway.
Neurocircuit/Voie cérébrale
Neuro-circuit Voie cérébrale
Circuit de la récompense/renforcement Circuit de Papez-Jakob Voie extra-pyramidale Voie méso-limbique
Circuit fronto-limbic Circuit striato-frontal Voie méso-corticale Voie tubéro-infundibulaire
Circuit striato-thalamo-cortical Voie nigro-strié  
 
Circularité : Circulaire : Se dit d'un raisonnement qui tourne en rond, dont les conclusions sont logiquement équivalentes aux prémisses/axiomes. Circularity.
   
ALSTON, W. (1986). Rule circularity. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 41, 1-30.

Voir aussi Raisonnement
Cisgenre : Du latin cis qui signifie "du même côté". Désigne tout individu dont l'identité sexuelle/genre correspond au sexe biologique (ou au sexe attribué à la naissance). /transgenre. Cisgender.
   
SISGUSH, V. (1998). The neosexual revolution. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 27 (4), 331-359. [PDF]

Voir aussi Transgenre
Citalopram :



  KORAN, L.M., CHUONG, H.W., BULLOCK, K.D. & SMITH, S.C. (2003). Citalopram for compulsive shopping disorder : An open-label study followed by double-blind discontinuation. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64, 793-798.
KORAN, L.M., BULLOCK, K., HARTSON, H. J., ELLIOTT, M.A. & D'ANDREA, V. (2002). Citalopram treatment of compulsive shopping : An open-label study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 704-708.

Voir aussi Transgenre
Citation : En science, source qu'un chercheur cite dans son ouvrage pour appuyer ses idées, son hypothèse. Généralement, la source est partiellement nommé dans le texte (auteur + année de publication), puis présentée de manière complète en références à la fin du texte (auteur + année + titre + éditeur). Ces sources sont généralement de nature scientifique. Voir Citer ses sources ou Index de citation scientifique. Citation.



  SMALL, H. (1999). Visualizing science by citation mapping. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 50, 799-813.
ZHAO, D. & LOGAN, E. (2002). Citation analysis using scientific publications on the Web as data source : A case study in the XML research area. Scientometrics, 54 (3), 449-472. [PDF]

Voir aussi Source scientifique
Citation (Co-) : Sources scientifiques - au moins deux - citées simultanément par une autre source (le tiers). Co-citation.
   
SMALL, H. (1973). Co-citation in the scientific literature : A new measure of the relationship between two documents. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 24, 265-269.
ZHAO, D. (1993). Co-citation analysis : an effective method of studying the structure and characteristics of literatures and disciplines. Journal of Information, 12 (2), p. 36-42.
ZHAO, D. (2006). Towards all-author co-citation analysis. Information Processing & Management, 42, 1578-1591. [PDF]

Voir aussi Source scientifique
Cité Laïque : Revue du Mouvement laïque québécois (MLQ).


 
Citer ce lexique : Cliquez ici
Citer ses sources : En science, obligation faite au chercheur qui rédige un ouvrage scientifique de citer ses sources primaires et secondaires. La citation des sources est un critère de scientificité; omettre de les citer est une erreur grave et généralement considéré comme un plagiat. En psychologie, on cite ses sources selon les normes et le format de citation l'APA. Citer ses souces, référence et notice. Citation analysis, scientific citation.
 
4 endroits où citer ses sources
Dans le texte En bas de page Fiche de lecture À la fin d'un texte
 

 
On cite ses sources pour :
  • Appuyer nos propres idées.
  • Permettre aux lecteurs de vérifier la valeur de nos arguments et de nos interprétations.
  • Permettre aux lecteurs de trouver rapidement nos sources.
  • Donner crédit à ceux et celles qui ont contribué à l'avancement des connaissances.
  • Éviter le plagiat.
   
GARFIELD, E. (1972). Citation analysis as a tool in journal evaluation : Journals can be ranked by frequency and impact of citations for journal policy studies. Science, 178, 471-479. EGGHE, L. & ROUSSEAU, R. (2002). Co-citation, bibliographic coupling and a characterization of lattice citation networks. Scientometrics, 55 (3), 349-361.
BOOR, M. (1982). The citation impact factor : Another dubious index of journal quality. American Psychologist, 37, 975-977. GARFIELD, E. (2003). The meaning of the impact factor. International Journal of Clinical & Health Psychology, 3, 363- 369.
MacROBERTS, M.H. & MacROBERTS, B.R. (1989). Problems of citation analysis : A critical review. The Journal of the American Society for Information Science & Technology, 40 (5), 342-349. ADAIR, J.G. & VOHRA, N. (2003). The explosion of knowledge, references and citations : Psychology’s unique response to a crisis. American Psychologist, 58 (1), 15-23. [PDF]
BERGHMANS, T., MEERT, A.P., PAESMANS, M., LAFITTE, J.J. & SCULIER, J.P. (2003). Citation indexes do not reflect methodological quality in lung cancer randomized trials. Annals of Oncology, 14, 71-721.
ROBINS, R.W. & CRAIK, K.H. (1993). Is there a citation bias in the judgment and decision literature ? Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 54, 225-244. RYAN, T.P. & WOODALL, W.H. (2005). The most-cited statistical papers. Journal of Applied Statistics, 32 (5), 461-474. [PDF]
MOED, H. F. (2005). Citation analysis in research evaluation. Springer Verlag.
ELLIOTT, A.J., MORGAN, K., FUQUA, R.W., EHRHARDT, K. & POLING, A. (2005). Self-and cross-citations in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis and the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior : 1993-2003. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38 (4), 559-563. [PDF]
STIGLER, S.M. (1994). Citation patterns in the Journals of Statistics and Probability. Statistical Science, 9 (1), 94-108. [PDF] CARR J.E. & STEWART, K.K. (2005). citation performance of behaviorally oriented journals. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6 (2), 83-87. [PDF]
BORNMANN, L. & DANIEL, H.-D. (2006). What do citation counts measure ? A review of studies on citing behavior. Journal of Documentation, 64, 45-80.
SALZINGER, K. (1994). The one with the most citations wins. American Psychologist, 49, 816. GLÄNZEL, W., DEBACKERE, K., THIJS, B. & SCHUBERT, A. (2006). A concise review on the role of author self- citations in information science, bibliometrics and science policy, Scientometrics, 67 (2), 263-277.
GREENWALD, A.G. & SCHUH, E.S. (1994). An ethnic bias in scientific citations. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 623-639. [PDF] LEUNG, K. (2007). The glory and tyranny of citation impact : An East Asian perspective. The Academy of Management Journal, 50, 510-513.
ADAMS, J. (2008). Early citation counts correlate with cumulative impact. Scientometrics, 63, 567-581.
SHADISH, W.R., TOLLIVER, D., GRAY, M. & SEN GUPTA, S.K. (1995). Author judgments about works they cite : Three studies from psychology journals. Social Studies of Science, 25, 477-498. WRIGHT, M. & ARMSTRONG, M. (2008). The ombudsman : verification of citations : fawlty towers of knowledge. Interfaces, 38 (2), 125-132.
ROBINS, R.W., GOSLING, S.D. & CRAIK, K.H. (1998). Psychological science at the crossroads. American Scientist, 86, 310-313. [PDF] MARTIN, B. (2008). Comment : citation shortcomings : peccadilloes or plagiarism ? Interfaces, 38 (2), 136-137. [LIRE]

Voir aussi Plagiat, Tricher, Normes et le format de l'APA et Fraude scientifique
 
Citer ses sources dans le texte : Consiste pour un auteur à inclure directement dans son texte ou entre parenthèses les références partielles à ses sources primaires et secondaires. Généralement, une référence contient le nom de l'auteur cité ainsi que l'année de publication de son ouvrage. Les notices complètes de tous les ouvrages cités sont disponibles dans la section références/bibliographie à la toute fin de de l'ouvrage. Cette méthode est en usage en psychologie et dans la plupart des sciences de la nature. = méthode auteur-date, méthode scientifique, méthode APA.
Sexualité et pouvoir sont généralement traités comme des domaines séparés (Hearn et Parkins, 1983).
Selon Hearn et Parkins (1983) sexualité et pouvoir sont généralement traités comme des domaines séparés.
   
Voir aussi Normes/format de l'APA et Citer ses sources
Citer ses sources en bas de page : Consiste pour un auteur à indiquer ses sources dans le texte au moyen de chiffres- les appels de note - lesquels chiffres renvoient le lecteur au bas de la page, qui fournit alors la référence complète ou partielle des ouvrages cités dans cette page. Cette méthode est en usage en histoire et en philosophie. = Appel de note, méthode classique, méthode européenne.
Still, for a long time, nothing of the magnitude of the works of Donald P. Little, the late Ulrich Maramann and Li Guo on Turkish Mamluk period (649-922/1250-1382) historiography had been undertaken with regard to that of the early Circassian era (roughly, the reign of Barquq), particularly concerning Syria.1 Recent research has remedied this shortcoming.2
1 D.P. Little, An Introduction to Mamluk Historiography : An Analysis of Arabic Annalistic and Biographical Sources for the Reign of al-Malik an-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qala’un. Montréal : McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1970. 2. D.C. Reismann, A Holograph MS of Ibn Qadi Shuhbah's Dhayl, Mamluk Studies Review, 2 (1998), pp.19-49.
*Cet extrait est une gracieuseté de Sami Massoud
   
Voir aussi Normes/format de l'APA et Citer ses sources
Citer ses sources à la fin du texte : Consiste pour l'auteur à fournir au lecteur, à la toute fin de son texte, en ordre alphabétique, l'ensemble des notices des sources qui ont servi à la rédaction. 1) Article; 2) Livre; 3) Chapitre de livre; 4) Autres formats : Voir ce site. = références, bibliographie.
Exemples APA
1
BÉLANGER, J. (1978). Images et réalités du béhaviorisme. Philosophiques, 5 (1), 3-110.
2
SKINNER, B.F. (1971). L'analyse expérimentale du comportement. Paris : Seuil.
3
BEAUGRAND, J. (1988). Démarche scientifique et cycle de la recherche. Dans M. Robert (Dir.), Fondements et étapes de la recherche scientifique en psychologie (p. 1-34). St-Hyacinthe : Édisem.
 
   
PEDEN, B.F. (1991). Teaching the importance of accuracy in preparing references. Teaching of Psychology, 18, 102-105.

Voir aussi Normes et format de citation APA
Citation textuelle : Citer textuellement : Consiste à reproduire intégralement les propos d'un auteur entre guillemets. Pour éviter le plagiat, il faut également citer le nom de cet auteur, dans le texte, entre parenthèses ou en bas de page. En science, il faut utiliser la citation dans le texte avec parcimonie. On cite mot-à-mot les définitions, pour ne pas en modifier la signification, les passages flous ou nébuleux d'une sources, que l'on ne parvient pas à paraphraser, une conclusion. = citer mot-à-mot, ouvrir et fermer les guillemets.
 
« Le chercheur est tenu de connaître et de citer, avec leurs auteurs, les résultats les plus récents déjà acquis pour situer en quoi sa recherche, sa méthode et ses résultats constituent un apport nouveau. » (Salomon, 2006).
   
MARTIN, B. (2008). Comment : citation shortcomings : peccadilloes or plagiarism ? Interfaces, 38 (2), 136-137. [LIRE]

Voir auss Normes/format de l'APA et Citer ses sources
Citoyen (honnête) : = bonne personne. Good person.
 
PIZARRO, D.A. & SALOVEY, P. (2002). Being and becoming a good person : The role of emotional intelligence in moral development and behavior. In J. Aronson & D. Cordova (Eds.), Improving academic achievement : Impact of psychological factors on education (pp. 247-266). San Diego : Academic Press.
Citoyenneté : Ensemble des obligations et des devoirs qu'il faut accomplir pour (bien) vivre en société. Citizenship.
 
TESSIER, C. et MC ANDREW, M. (2001). L'éducation à la citoyennete. Dans C. Gohier et S. Laurin (Dirs.), La formation fondamentale. Montréal : éditions Logiques.
LABELLE, M. et MARHRAOUI, A. (2002). Les enjeux de la citoyenneté et le transnationalisme : multiplicité des identités et des pratiques dans un contexte de double appartenance. Dans M. Seymour (Dir.), états-nations, multinations et organisations supranationales (p. 353-367). Montréal : Liber.
XYPAS, C. (2003). Les citoyennetés scolaires. Paris : PUF.
DUBET, F. (2005). La citoyenneté à l'école : mutations croisées, dans Les mutations de l'école. Dans M. Fournier et V. Troger (Dirs.), Le regard des sociologues (p. 139-152). Auxerre Cedex : éditions Sciences Humaines.

Civilisation : De civis qui signifie «citoyen» et de civitas qui veut dire «cité». Culture qui s'avère assez bien organisée pour durer et laisser des traces de son essor intellectuel, social, moral et économique. Pour de nombreux historiens, cette culture gravite autour d'un noyau composé minimalement d'une langue (tradition orale et écrite) et d'un ensemble de règles communes (mais pas nécessairement une origine ou un terroitoire commun). À ce sujet, Freud a dit : «Le premier homme à jeter une insulte plutôt qu’une pierre est le fondateur de la civilisation». EX: Civilisation chinoise. Civilization.
   
DURKHEIM, E. & MAUSS, M. (1913). Note sur la notion de civilisation. L'Année Sociologique, 12, 46-50. KROEBER, A.L. (1973). Style and civilization. Ithaca : Greenwood Publishing Group.
NIEBUHR, R. (1941). Does civilization need religion ? New York : Macmillan. CHANG, K.C. (1982). Shang civilization. New Haven : Yale University Press.
TOYNBEE, A. (1948). Civilization on trial. New York : Oxford University Press. BRAUDEL, F. (1994). A history of civilizations. London : Penguin Books.
TOYNBEE, A. (1959). Hellenism : The history of a civilization. Oxford : Oxford University Press. HUNTINGTON, S.P. (1996/2000). The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. Simon & Shuster / Le choc des civilisations. Paris : Odile Jacob.
BURKITT, I. (1996). Civilization and ambivalence. The British Journal of Sociology, 47 (1), 135-150.
FLETCHER, J. (1997). Violence and civilization. An introduction to the work of Norbert Elias. Cambridge : Polity Press.
COULBORN, R. (1959). Origins of civilized societies. Princeton : Princeton University Press. SCHÄFER W. (2001). Global ciivilization and local cultures & A crude look at the whole. International Sociology, 16 (3), 301-319.
BAGBY, P. (1963). Culture and history : Prolegomena to the comparative study of civilizations. Berkeley : University of California Press. HALL, M . & JACKSON, P. (Eds) (2007). Civilizational identity : The production and reproduction of "civilizations" in international relations. New York : Palgrave MacMillan.
COCHRAN, G. & HARPENDING, H. (2009). The 10,000 year explosion : How civilization accelerated human evolution. New York : Basic Books.
MARCUSE, H. (1969). Eros and civilization. London : Penguin. WEI, R. (2011). Civilization and culture. Globality Studies Journal, 24, 1-9. [PDF]

Voir aussi Culture
Civisme : Ensemble des principes et des règles du savoir-vivre en société. EX: On fait preuve de civisme lorsque l'on remercie une personne qui nous aide. Civisme et civisme en classe. Civility.
   
ANDERSSON, L.M. & PEARSON, C.M. (1999). Tit for tat ? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24, 452-471. [PDF]

Voir aussi Civisme en classe, Comportement prosocial et Société

CI - CLAIRVOYANCE - CLAPARÈDE - CLARK - CLASSE - CLAUSTROPHOBIE - CLAY - CLÉMENT - CLIENT - CLIVAGE - CLO - CLUTTON-BROCK - CO
CLAAC : Classe d'apprentissage actif. Voir Classe inversée. Inverted classroom, flipped classroom, flip, reversing the lecture/homework paradigm.
Clade : Du grec clados, qui signifie "branche". Cladistic classification, cladistic analysis.
 
BRACE, C.L. (1988). Punctuationism, cladistics and the legacy of medieval neoplatonism. Human Evolution, 3 (3), 121-138.
GRIFFITHS, P.E. (1994). Cladistic classification & functional explanation. Philosophy of Science, 61 (2), 206-227. [PDF]
ARGUE, D., MORWOOD, M.J., SUTIKNA, T., JATMIKO & SAPTOMO, E.W. (2009). Homo floresiensis : a cladistic analysis. Journal of Human Evolution, 57 (5), 623-639.

Claes Michel ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste québécois et professeur à l'Université de Montréal. Il s'intéresse plus particulièrement au développement psychosocial des adolescents. Collaborateur de Tremblay et Vitaro.
CLAES, M. (1996). L'expérience adolescente. Bruxelles : Pierre Mardaga éditeur.
CLAES, M. (2001). L'univers social des adolescents. Montréal : Presses de l’Université de Montréal.
LACOURSE, E., NAGIN, D., TREMBLAY, R.E., VITARO, F. & CLAES, M. (2003). Developmental trajectories of boys delinquent group membership and facilitation of violent behaviors during adolescence. Development & Psychopathology, 15, 183-197.
MIRANDA, D. & CLAES, M. (2004). Rap music genres and deviant behaviors in French-Canadian adolescents. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 33 (2), 113-122.
CLAES, M. (2005). L'adolescence dans le cours de l'existence humaine : enjeux développementaux et défis sociaux. In J. Zabalia (Dir.), Adolescences d'aujourd'hui (pp. 32-46). Rennes : Presses de l'Université de Rennes.
Clairvoyance : Forme de perception extra-sensorielle. Il s'agit en fait d'une croyance, donc d'une pseudophénomène qui consisterait en la capacité de percevoir les objets et les événements sans recourir à nos sens, le plus souvent avant même qu'ils ne se produisent. Clairvoyance et parapsychologie. Clairvoyance, extra-sensory-perception.
   
HANSEL, C.E.M. (1959). Experimental evidence for extra-sensory-perception. Nature, 184 (S19), 1515-1516.
HANSEL, C.E.M. (1966). ESP : A scientific evaluation. New York : Charles Scribner's Sons.
SCHMIDT, H. (1969). Clairvoyance tests with a machine. Journal of Parapsychology, 33, 300-306.
 
Voir aussi Perception extra-sensorielle, Croyance ésotérique et Pseudophénomène
 
Clandestinité : Individu ou groupe qui opère en secret, à l'insu de tous, dans l'ombre. Clandestinité, maquis et complot.
 
Claparède Edouard (Genève 1873-1940 Genève) : Médecin, psychologue et pédagogue suisse. Il a étudié le sommeil et le développement cognitif. Il suggère que la pensée se développe par essais et erreurs. Il fut longtemps directeur du laboratoire de psychologie à la faculté des sciences de l'Université de Genève. Il a grandement influencé Piaget. Professeur d'Inhelder. Collaborateur de Bovet et Rey.
CLAPARÈDE, E. (1903). L'association des idées. Paris : Doin.
CLAPARÈDE, E. (1920/1953). L'école sur mesure. Genève : Payot/Neuchâtel et Paris : Delachaux et Niestlé.
CLAPARÈDE, E. (1923). Comment diagnostiquer les aptitudes des écoliers. Paris : Flammarion.
CLAPARÈDE, E. (1934). Le sentiment d'infériorité chez l'enfant. Les cahiers de pédagogie expérimentale et de psychologie de l'enfant. Genève : Université de Genève. Institut des sciences de l'éducation.
CLAPARÈDE, E. (1968). L'éducation fonctionnelle. Neuchâtel : Delachaux & Niestlé.
Clarification : Technique thérapeutique non directive, développée par les humanistes, qui consiste à encourager le client à préciser la nature de ses expériences. L'objectif de cette technique est d'amener le client à préciser ou approfondir sa pensée, tout en évitant de poser un jugement sur la nature de ses expériences. NDLR : En français, «clarifier» signifie rendre plus clair. On peut clarifier une sauce en ajoutant du bouillon. Dans ce contexte, les mots «éclaircir» ou «éclaricssement» seraient sans doute plus indiqués. = reformulation par éclaircissement. Clarification, reformulation et écoute active.
   
Voir aussi Techniques thérapeutiques non directives
Clark/Clarke
Andy Clark Herbert H. Clark Robert E. Clark
David A Clark Kenneth Bancroft Clark Rodney Clark
David M. Clark Lee Ann Clark Simon Clarke
Fogle C. Clark Phipps "Mamie" Clark Victoria Clarke

Richard E. Clark
 
Clark Andy ( ) : Philosophe écossais. Ses travaux portent notamment sur le langage et la relation entre la cognition et le milieu. Collaborateur de Chalmers
CLARK, A. & KARMILOFF-SMITH, A. (1993). The cognizer's innards : A psychological and philosophical perspective on the development of thought. Mind & Language, 8 (4), 487-519. [PDF]
CLARK, A. & CHALMERS, D. (1998). The extended mind. Analysis, 58 (1), 7-19. [PDF]
CLARK, A. (1999). Minimal rationalism. Mind, 102 (408), 587-610. [PDF]
CLARK, A. (2001). Visual experience and motor action : Are the bonds too tight ? Philosophical Review, 110, 1-41. [PDF]
CLARK, A. (2006). Language, embodiment and the cognitive niche. Trends in Cognitive Science, 10 (8), 370-374. [PDF] + [PDF]
Clark David A. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dépression. Étudiant de Beck.
CLARK, D.A. & BECK, A.T. & ALFORD, B. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. New York : John Wiley & Sons.
CLARK, D.A. (2000). Cognitive behavior therapy for obsessions and compulsions : New applications and emerging trends. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 30, 129-147.
CLARK, D.M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In W.R. Crozier & L.E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety : Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [PDF]
CLARK, D.A. & BECK, A.T. (2002). Clark-Beck Obsessive Compulsive Inventory. San Antonio, TX : The Psychological Corporation.
CLARK, D.A. (2004). Cognitive behavior therapy of OCD. New York : Guilford Press.
Clark David M. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine anglaise, spécialisé dans l'étude des troubles paniques, de la phobie sociale, de l'anxiété et du syndrome posttraumatique. Collaborateur de Arntz, Barlow, Crozier, Ehlers, Ehring Hollon, Fairburn, Foa, Freeston, Garety, Ost, Rapee, Salkovskis, Shafran, Stopa, Wells, Williams et Wilson.
CLARK, D.M. (1986). A cognitive approach to panic. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 24, 461-470.
CLARK, D.M., SALKOVSKIS, P.M., HACKMAN, A., MIDDLETON, H., ANASTASIADES, P. & GELDER, M. (1994). A comparison of cognitive therapy, applied relaxation, and imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 759-769.
CLARK, D.M. (1999). Anxiety disorders : why they persist and how to treat them. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 37, 5-27. [PDF]
CLARK, D.M. (2001). A cognitive perspective on social phobia. In W.R. Crozier & L.E. Alden (Eds.), International handbook of social anxiety : Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [PDF]
CLARK, D.M. (2004). Developing new treatments : on the interplay between theories, experimental science and clinical innovation. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 42 (9), 1089-1104.
Clark Fogle C. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'évitement.
CLARK, F.C. (1959). Some quantitative properties of operant extinction data. Psychological Reports, 5, 131-139.
CLARK, F.C. (1961). Avoidance conditioning in the chimpanzee. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 4 (4), 393-395. [PDF]
CLARK, F.C. & HULL, L.D. (1966). Free operant avoidance as a function of the response-shock = shock-shock interval. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 9 (6), 641-647. [PDF]
CLARK, F.C., LANGE, K.O. & BELLEVILLE, R.E. (1973). Behavioral regulation of gravity : schedule effects under escape-avoidance procedures. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 20 (3), 345-353. [PDF]
CLARK, F.C. & SMITH, J.B. (1977). Schedules of food postponement : II. Maintenance of behavior by food postponement and effects of the schedule parameter Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 28 (3), 253-269. [PDF]
Clark Herbert H. (Deadwood États-Unis 1940-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la relation entre la mémoire, les processus cognitifs et le langage. Collaborateur de Fox Tree, Higgins et Tversky.
CLARK, H.H. (1968). On the use and meaning of prepositions. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 7, 421-431.
CLARK, H.H. (1969). The influence of language in solving three-term series problems. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 82, 205-215.
CLARK, H.H. & CHASE, W.G. (1972). On the process of comparing sentences against pictures. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 472-517.
TVERSKY, B. & CLARK, H.H. (1993). Prepositions are not places. Brain & Behavioral Sciences, 16 (2), 252-253.
CLARK, H.H. & FOX TREE, J.E. (2002). Using uh and um in spontaneous speaking. Cognition, 84, 73-111. [PDF]
Clark Kenneth Bancroft (Panama 1914-2005 Hastings-on-Hudson) : Psychologue et thérapeute américain, spécialiste de la thérapie infantile et des préjugés et du racisme. Président de l'APA en 1971. Étudiant de Murphy. Collaborateur de Clark.
CLARK, K.B. & CLARK, M.P. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In T.M. Newcomb & E.L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York : Holt.
CLARK, K.B. (1953). The effects of segregation and the consequences of desegregation : A social science statement. Appendix to appellants' brief : Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. Minnesota Law Review, 37, 427-439.
CLARK, K.B. (1953). Desegregation : An appraisal of the evidence. Journal of Social Issues, 9, 1-79.
CLARK, K.B. (1965). Dark ghetto : Dilemmas of social power. Wesleyan.
CLARK, K.B. (1975). Pathos of power. Harper Collins.
KEPPEL. B. (2002). Kenneth B. Clark in the patterns of American culture. American Psychologist, 57 (1), 29-37.
JONES, J.M. & PETTIGREW, T.F. (2005). Kenneth B. Clark (1914-2005) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 60 (6), 649-651.
Clark Lee Anna ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude et le traitement de la peur et de l'anxiété. Collaboratrice de Mineka et Watson.
CLARK, L.A. & WATSON, D. (1988). Mood and the mundane : Relations between daily life events and self-reported mood. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54, 296-308.
CLARK, L.A. & WATSON, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression : Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 316-336.
CLARK, L.A. & WATSON, D. & MINEKA, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.
CLARK, L.A. (2005). Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 505-521.
CLARK, L.A. (2009). Stability and change in personality disorder. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18 (1), 27-31.
Clark Phipps "Mamie" (Hot Springs États-Unis 1917-1983) : Psychologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude du développement des enfants. Collaboratrice de Clark.
CLARK, M.P. (1944). Changes in primary mental abilities with age. Archives of Psychology, 291, 1-31.
CLARK, K.B. & CLARK, M.P. (1947). Racial identification and preference in Negro children. In T.M. Newcomb & E.L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology. New York : Holt.
Clark Richard E. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la motivation en milieu scolaire et des stratégies cognitives en enseignment. Collaborateur de Kirschner et Sweller.
CLARK, R.E. & ESTES, F. (1996). Cognitive task analysis. International Journal of Educational Research. 25(5), 403-417. [PDF]
CLARK, R.E. & ESTES, F. (1998). Technology or craft : What are we doing ? Educational Technology, 38 (5), 5-11. [PDF]
CLARK, R.E. & ESTES, F. (1999). The development of authentic educational technologies. Educational Technology, 39 (2), 5-16. [PDF]
CLARK, R.E. (2003). Fostering the work motivation of individuals and teams. Performance Improvement, 42 (3), 21-29.
CLARK, R.E. (2009). Translating research into new instructional technologies for higher education : The active ingredient process. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 21 (1), 4-18. [PDF]
Clark Robert E. ( ) : Psychiatre américain. Collaborateur de Squire et Zola.
CLARK, R.E., ZHANG, A.A. & LAVOND, D.G. (1992). Reversible lesions of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus during acquisition and retention of a classically conditioned behavior. Behavioural Neuroscience, 106, 879-888.
CLARK, R.E., ZOLA, S.M. & SQUIRE, L.R. (2000). Impaired recognition memory in rats after damage to the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 8853–8860.
CLARK, R.E., WEST, A.N., ZOLA, S.M. & SQUIRE, L.R. (2001). Rats with lesions of the hippocampus are impaired on the delayed nonmatching-to-sample task. Hippocampus, 11, 176-186.
CLARK, R.E., MANNS, J.R. & SQUIRE, L.R. (2002). Classical conditioning, awareness, and brain systems. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6 (12), 524-531. [PDF]
CLARK, R.E., BROADBENT, N.J. & SQUIRE, L.R. (2005). Hippocampus and remote spatial memory in rats. Hippocampus, 15 (2), 260-272. [PDF]
Clark Rodney ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spcialiste de l'étude du racisme. Collaborateur de Anderson.
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CLARK, R. (2000). Perceptions of interethnic group racism predict increased vascular reactivity to a laboratory challenge in college women.Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 22 (3), 214-222.
CLARK, R. & ANDERSON, R.B. (2001). Efficacy of racism-specific coping styles as predictors of cardiovascular functioning. Ethnicity & Desease, 11 (2), 286-295.
CLARK, R. (2003). Self-reported racism and social support predict blood pressure reactivity in Blacks. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 25 (2), 127-136.
CLARK, R. & ADAMS, J.H. (2004). Moderating effects of perceived racism on John Henryism and blood pressure reactivity in Black female college students. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 28 (2), 126-131.
Clarke Simon ( ) : Sociologue marxiste anglais et spécialiste de l'étude de l'état et du syndicalisme, notamment en URSS/Russie.
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CLARKE, S. (2001). The globalisation of capital, crisis and class struggle. Capital & Class, 25, 93-101. [PDF]
Clarke Victoria ( ) : Psychologue et féministe anglaise, spécialisée dans l'étude des parents gays et lesbiens et des familles homosexuelles. Collaboratrice de Kitzinger.
CLARKE, V. (2000). Stereotype, attack and stigmatize those who disagree : Employing scientific rhetoric in debates about lesbian and gay parenting. Feminism & Psychology, 10, 152-159.
CLARKE, V. (2001). What about the children ? Arguments against lesbian and gay parenting. Women's Studies International Forum, 24, 555-570.
CLARKE, V., KITZINGER, C. & POTTER, J. (2004). Kids are just cruel anyway : Lesbian and gay parents' talk about homophobic bullying. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43 (4), 531-550. [PDF]
CLARKE, V. & TURNER, K. (2007). Clothes maketh the queer ? Dress, appearance and the construction of gay, lesbian and bisexual identities. Feminism & Psychology, 17 (2), 267-276.
CLARKE, V. (2013). Introducing lesbian, gay and bisexual appearance psychology. Psychology of Sexuality, 4 (1), 1-13. [PDF]
Clarkin John F. ( ) : Psychologue et psychanalyste anglais, spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de la personnalité limite. Collaborateur de Diamond, Frances, Kernberg, Levy, Posner et Yeomans.
CLARKIN, J.F., HULL, J.W. & HURT, S.W. (1993). Factor structure of borderline personality disorder criteria. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5/7, 137-143.
CLARKIN, J.F., FOELSCH, P.A., LEVY, K.N., HULL, J.W., DELANEY, J.C. & KERNBERG, O.F. (2001). The development of a psychodynamic treatment for patients with borderline personality disorder : A preliminary study of behavioral change. Journal of Personality Disorders, 15 (6), 487-495. [PDF]
CLARKIN, J.F. & POSNER, M. (2005). Defining the mechanisms of borderline personality disorder. Psychopathology, 38, 56-63. [PDF]
CLARKIN, J.F., YEOMANS, F.E., LENZENWEGER, M.F., LEVY, K.L. & KERNBERG, O.F. (2007). An object relations model of borderline pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 21 (5), 474-499. [PDF]
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Clarté : Qualité d'une théorie dont les concepts sont définis sans contradiction ou ambiguité, et parfois, au besoin, de manière opérationnelle. Clarity.
   
Voir aussi Contradiction
Clarté d'un enseignant : Voir Enseignant (Clarté). Teacher clarity.
Classe : Le concept a trois acceptions distinctes : a) Fonction cognitive qui permet de catégoriser les objets. = classe logique, catégoriser. Class, classification. b) Dans un contexte scolaire, la classe est le lieu physique où se déroule l'enseignement/apprentissage. = classe scolaire. Class. c) En sociologie, la classe est un groupe .d'individus qui ont des intérêts communs, et qui en sont conscients. Social class.
   
a
MARRADI, A. (1990). Classification, typology, taxonomy. Quality & Quantity, 24 (2), 129-157. [PDF]

Voir aussi Classer
b
SYMONDS, P.M. (1949). Classroom discipline. Teachers College Record, 51 (3), 147-158.

Voir aussi Classe (scolaire)
c
LUKACS, G. (1919/22/60). Histoire et conscience de classe : Essai de dialectique marxiste. Éditions de Minuit : Paris. [PDF]
PARKIN, F. (1967). Working class conservatism : the theory of political deviance. British Journal of Sociology, 18, 278-290.
Classe : Classer : Classement : Classer est une fonction cognitive qui consiste à regrouper en une même catégorie, et parfois sous un même vocable (nommer), un ensemble d'objets qui partage au moins une caractéristique/propriété (abstraire). Pour les psychologues cognitivistes, il s'agit d'une fonction cognitive. Les cognitivistes américains lui préférent généralement le terme de catégorisation. ( ) : Voir tableau ci-dessous. = catégorie. Class, classification.
Types de classe
Classe biologique Classe de comportement Classe (scolaire/école)
Classe d'accueil Classe de stimuli Classe politique
Classe d'animaux (espèce) Classe dominante Classe sociale
  Classe objective Classe statistique
 

   
MARRADI, A. (1990). Classification, typology, taxonomy. Quality & Quantity, 24 (2), 129-157. [PDF]
CHALON-BLANC, A. (2005). Inventer, compter et classer. De Piaget aux débats actuels. Paris :  Armand Colin.

Voir aussi Catégorie
Classe (scolaire/école) : Dans une école, un cégep ou une université, lieu spécialement aménagé pour l'enseignement d'un-e matière/cours et l'apprentissage des élèves/étudiants. Certaines écoles sont dotées de tableaux blancs et d'ordinateurs équipés de logiciels éducatifs, de tutoriels, de sites internet pédagogiques et autres technologies (tics). Une classe peut également servir à l'étude et au passage des examens. = salle de cours, lieu d'enseignement, milieu d'apprentissage. Classroom, classroom menagement, learning environement, education setting.
 
En classe
Propriétés d'une classe Types de classe
Bruit en classe    
Convivialité en classe Motivation en classe Classe d'accueil
    Classe inclusive
Discipline et civisme en classe Participation en classe Classe inversée
Gestion de la classe Présence en classe Classe multi-âge
Homogénéité de la classe Taille de la classe (effet)
Classe multi-ethnique
Mixité de la classe Tutorat en classe Classe multi-média
 
   
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Voir aussi Enseigner, Apprentissage et Étudier
Classe (Bruit) : Voir Bruit en classe. Classroom noise.
Classe (Convivialité des enseignants/professeurs) : Voir Convivialité en classe. Teacher immediacy.
Classe (Discipline/Civisme) : Ensemble des comportements sociaux et prosociaux qui permettent à un groupe d'individus (professeur/ enseignant, élèves/étudiants, orthopédagogue, psychologue scolaire) réunis dans une classe (un petit espace) de maintenir une cohésion de groupe nécessaire à l'enseignement et à l'apprentissage d'une matière, à l'atteinte des objectifs d'un cours, d'un programme. = courtoisie. Civisme en classe et classe. Incivilities, classroom discipline, school discipline.
   
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ESPOSITO, C. (1999). Learning in urban blight : School climate and its effect on the school performance of urban, minority, low-income children. School Psychology Review, 28 (3), 365-377. BEAR, G.G. & MANNING, M.A. (2014). Positive psychology and school discipline. In R. Gilman, E.S. Huebner & M. Furlong (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 347-364). New York : Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
NDAZHAGA, J. (2015). Student-teachers' perception of incivility : the case of a college of education in north-central nigeria. European Scientific Journal, 11 (25), 196-202.
SUGAI, G. & HORNER, R.H. (1999). Discipline and behavioral support : Preferred processes and practices. Effective School Practices, 17 (4), 10-22. STERNER, W.R., JACKSON-CHERRY, L.R. & DOLL, J.F. (2015). Faculty and student percpetions of incivility behaviors in the counselor education classroom. Journal of Counselor Practice, 6 (2), 94-114. [PDF]
 SKIBA, R.J., ARREDONDO, M.I., GRAY, C. & RAUSCH, M.K. (2016). What do we know about discipline disparities : New and emerging research. In R.J. Skiba, K. Mediratta and M.K. Rausch (Eds.), Inequality in school discipline : Research and practice to reduce disparities. New York : Palgrave/MacMillan.
 SKIBA, R.J. & LOSEN, D.J. (2016). From reaction to prevention : Turning the page on school discipline. American Educator, 39 (4), 4-12.

Voir aussi Gestion de la classe, Comportements prosociaux, Obéissance aux parents, Tolérance zéro et Classe
 
Classe (Discussion) : Type d'enseignement qui consiste à organiser des discussions plus ou moins structurées entre un enseignant/professeur et son groupe d'élève/étudiants. Ces discussions permettent notamment de corriger des erreurs et de vérifier le degré de maîtrise de certains apprentissages. Peer Discussion, group discussion.
   
GARSIDE, C. (1996). Look who’s talking : A comparison of lecture and group discussion teaching strategies in developing critical thinking skills. Communication Education, 45, 212-227.
VAN ZEE, E.H., IWASYK, M., KUROSE, A., SIMPSON, D. & WILD, J. (2001). Student and teacher questioning during conversations about science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 38, 159-190.
SMITH, M.K., WOOD, W.B., ADAMS, W.K., WIEMAN, C.K., KNIGHT, J.K., GUILD, N. & SU, T.T. (2009). Why peer dscussion improves student performance on in-class concept questions. Science, 323, 122-124. [PDF]

Voir aussi Classe
Classe (et ordinateur/Informatique) : Voir Technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC) et Ordinateur à l'école. E-Learning, ICT, educationnal technology, new technology, multimedia learning, computer technology, information technology in school, microcomputers in education, computer in classroom.
Classe (Gestion) : Ensemble des mesures et des dispositions prises par un enseignant/professeur pour donner ses cours, transmettre sa matière, maintenir la discipline. Classroom management, classroom management behavior, classroom organization, classroom behaviour management strategies, managing student.
   
CLARIZO, H.F. & YELON, S.L. (1967). Learning theory approaches to classroom management : rationale and intervention techniques. Journal of Special Education, 1, 267-274. EMMER, E.T. & STOUGH, L.M. (2001). Classroom management : A critical part of teacher educational psychology, with implications for teacher education. Educational Psychologist, 36 (2), 103-112. [PDF]
MADSEN, C., BECKER, W.C. & THOMAS, D. (1968). Rules, praise, and ignoring : Elements of elementary classroom control. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1 (2), 139-150. [PDF] + [PDF] HERNANDEZ, T.J. & FIASTER, D.L. (2001). Dealing with disruptive and emotional college students : A systems model. Journal of College Counseling, 4, 49-62.
SCHMIDT, G.W. & ULRICH, R.E. (1969). Effects of group contingent events upon classroom noise. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2 (3), 171-179. [PDF] McCORMAK, C. (2001). Investigating the impact of an internship on the classroom management beliefs of preservice teachers. The Professional Educator, 23 (2), 11-22
KOUNIN, J.S. (1970/77). Discipline and group management in classrooms. New York : Holt, Winehart et Winston, Inc.
EMMER, E.T., EVERTSON, C.M. & ANDERSON, L. (1980). Effective classroom management at the begining of the school year. Elementary School Journal, 80 (5), 219-231.
EMMER, E.T., SANFORD, J.P. & EVERTSON, C.M. (1981). The classroom management improvement study : An experiment in elementary school classrooms. Austin, TX : Research and Development Center for Teacher Education. FIJAKOW, J. et NAULT, T. (2002). La gestion de classe. Bruxelles : DeBoeck.
EMMER, E.T. & EVERTSON, C.M. (1981). Synthesis of research on classroom management. Educational Leadership, 38 (4), 342-347. [PDF] KERR, M.M. & NELSON, C.M. (2002). Strategies for managing behavior problens in the classroom. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Merrill/ Prentice Hall.
EVERTSON, C.M. & EMMER, E.T. (1982). Effective classroom management at the beginning of the schoool year in junior high classes. Journal of Educationnal Psychhology, 74, 485-498. BURDEN, P. (2003). Classroom management : Creating a sucessful learning community. New York : Wiley.
ANDERSON, L.M. & PRAWAT, R.S. (1983). Responsibility in the classroom : A synthesis of research on teaching self-control. Educational Leadership, 40, 62-66.
BROPHY, J.E. (1983). Classroom organization and management. Elementary School Journal, 83, 265-285.
KASHTI,Y., ARIELI, M. & HAREL, Y. (1984). Classroom seating as a definition of situation : Observations in an elementary school in one development town. Urban Education, 19, 161-181.
EMMER, E.T. (1984). Classroom management : Research and implications. Austin, TX : Research and Development Center for Teacher Education. MARZANO, R.J. & MARZANO, J.S. (2003). The key to classroom management. Educational Leadership, 61 (3), 6-13. [PDF]
EMMER, E.T., EVERTSON, C.M. & WORSHAM, M.E. (1984). Classroom management for secondary teachers. Boston : Allym & Bacon. IRVIN, L.K., TOBIN, T.J., SPRAGUE, J.R., SUGAI, G. & VINCENT, C.G. (2004). Validity of office discipline referral measures as indices of school-wide behavioral status and effects of school-wide behavioral interventions. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 6, 131-147.
HEWITT, F. & WATSON, P.C. (1986). Classroom Management and the Exceptional Learner. In D.L. Duke (Dir.), Classroom Management. The seventy-eight yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. (Part II, pp.301-332). Chicago : The University of Chicago Press. MARTIN, S.D.P. (2004). Finding balance : impact of classroom management conceptions on developing teacher practice. Teaching & Teacher Education, 20 (5), 405-422.
GLASSER, W. (1986). Control theory in the classroom. New York : Harpercollins.
BROPHY, J.E. (1986). Classroom management techniques. Education & Urban Society 18 (2), 182-194. BARBETTA, P.M., NORONA, K.L. & BICARD, D.F. (2005). Classroom behavior management : A dozen common mistakes and what to do instead. Preventing School Failure, 49, 11-19.
EVERTSON, C.M. (1989). Improving classroom management : A school-based program for beginning the year. Journal of Educationnal Research, 83, 282-290. WOLFGANG, C.H. (2005). Solving discipline and classroom management problems : Methods and models for today's teachers. Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
WOOLFOLK, A.E., ROSOFF, B. et HOY, W.K. (1990). Teachers’ sense of efficacy and their beliefs about managing students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 6, 137-148.
JONES, V.F. & JONES, L.S. (1990). Comprehensive classroom management. Motivating and managing students. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. MIDTHASSEL, U.V. (2006). Creating a shared understanding of classroom management. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 34 (3), 365-383.
DOWNS, J. (1992). Dealing with hostile and oppositional students. College Teaching, 40, 106-108. JONES, V.F. (2006). How do teachers learn to be effective c lassroom managers ? In C. Evertson and C. Weinstein (Eds.) Handbook of classroom management : Research, practice and contemporary issues. Manwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
AMADA, G. (1992). Coping with the disruptive college student : A practical model. College Health, 40, 203-215 KUNTER, M., BAUMERT, J. & KOLLER, O. (2007). Effective classroom management and the development of subject-related interest. Learning & Instruction, 17 (5), 494-509.
EVERTSON, C.M. & HARRIS, A.H. (1992). What we know about manging classrooms. Educational Leadership, 49 (7), 74-78. [PDF] PEDOTA, P. (2007). Strategies for effective classroorm management in the secondary setting. Effective Classroom Management, 80 (4), 163-166.
WEINSTEIN, C.S. & MIGNANO, A.J. (1993). Elementary classroom management : Lessons from research and practice. McGraw-Hill : New York RITTER, J.T. & HANCOCK, D.R. (2007). Exploring the relationship between certification sources, experience levels, and classroom management orientations of classroom teachers. Teaching & Teacher Education, 23 (7), 1206-1216.
MARTIN, M.-C., NAULT, T. et LOOF, O. (1994). La gestion de classe pour débutants. Dimensions, 15 (3), 5-7. LITTLE, S.G. & AKIN-LITTLE, A. (2008). Classroom management, In W.T. O'Donohue and J.E. Fisher (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy : Applying empirically supported techniques in your practice (pp. 75-82). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley.
ROLOEFS, E., EENMAN, S. & RAEMEKERS, J. (1994). Improving instruction and classroom management behaviour in mixed-aged classrooms : Results of two improvement studies. Educational Studies, 20, 105–127.
BRIESCH, A.M. & CHAFOULEAS, S.M. (2009). Review and analysis of literature on self-management interventions to promote appropriate classroom behaviors (1988–2008). School Psychology Quarterly, 24 (2), 106–118.

ARCHAMBAULT, J. et CHOUINARD, R. (2009). Vers une gestion éducative de la classe. Montréal : Gaëtan Morin.

BRIESCH, A.M. & CHAFOULEAS, S.M. (2009). Review and analysis of literature on self-management interventions to promote appropriate classroom behaviors (1988–2008). School Psychology Quarterly, 24 (2), 106–118.
WILKS, R. (1996). Classroom management in primary schools : A review of the literature. Behaviour Change, 13, 20-32. HULAC, D.M., TERRELL, J., VINING, O. & BERNSTEIN, J. (2011). Behavioral interventions in schools. New York, NY : Routledge.
JONES, V. (1996). Classroom management. In J. Sikula, T. Buttery and E. Guiton (Eds.), Handbook of research on teacher education. New York : Macmillan. SENTRÜK, I. (2011). A qualitative research on classroom management at a teacher training college. Practice & Theory in Systems of Education, 6 (4), 425-428. [PDF]
BALLI, S.J. (2011). Pre-service teachers' episodic memories of classroom management. Teaching & Teacher Education, 27 (2), 245-251.
SKIBA, R.J. & PETERSON, R.L. (1999). The dark side of zero tolerance : Can punishment lead to safe schools ? Phi Delta Kappan, 80, 372–382. [PDF] PARSONSON, B.S. (2012). Evidence-based classroom behaviour management strategies. Kairanga, 13 (1), 16-23. [PDF]

GAUDREAU, N., ROYER, É., FRENETTE, É. & BEAUMONT C. (2013). Classroom Behaviour Management : The effects of in-service training on elementary teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs/La gestion des comportements en classe : effets d’une formation continue sur le sentiment d’autoefficacité des enseignants du primaire. McGill Journal of Education / Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation de McGill, 48 (2), 359–382. [PDF]
ANDERSON, J.A. (1999). Faculty responsibility for promoting conflict-free college classrooms. New Directions for Teaching & Learning, 77, 69-76 MACIAS, D.F. & SÀNCHEZ, J.A. (2015). Classroom management : A persistent challenge for pre-service foreign language teachers. PROFILE Issues in Teachers' Professional Development, 17 (2), 81-99.
MARTIN, A.J., LINFOTT, K. & STEPHENSON, J. (1999). How teachers respond to concerns about misbehavior in their classroom. Psychology in the Schools, 36 (4), 347-358. HULAC, D. & BRIECH, A.M. (2017). Evidence-based strategies for effective classroom management. Guilford Press.

Voir aussi Discipline et Classe
Classe (Motivation) : Voir Motivation. Classroom motivational climate, academic motivation, motivation in school, student motivation, motivating students to learn.
Classe (Participation des élèves/étudiants) : Prendre part aux activités d'un cours, en classe et hors de la salle de cours. Cette participation peut prendre de nombreuses formes : prendre des notes, poser et répondre à des questions, faire les exercices, des jeux-questionnaire, étudier, observer les règles et les consignes données par l'enseignant/professeur, discuter un thème, etc. = implication, contribution. Participation, contribution, course involvement.
Observer des règles
 
Types de participation
Discussion en classe Faire des jeux-questionnaire Utiliser un télévoteur
Écouter (avec attention) Utiliser des cartes réponse
Étudier Poser des questions Utiliser un site internet pédagogique
Faire des exercices Prendre des notes  
 
   
SWIFT, M.S. & SPIVAK, G. (1968). The assessment of achievement-related classroom behavior. Journalof Special Education, 2, 137-149. FERRARI, J.R. & McGOWAN, S. (2002). Using exam bonus points as incentive for research participation. Teaching of Psychology, 29 (1), 29-31.
KARP, D.A. & YOELS, W.C. (1976). The college classroom : Some observations on the meanings of student participation. Sociology & Social Research, 60, 421-439. HARDY, S.A., ZAMBOANGA, B.L., THOMPSON, R.A. & REAY, D. (2003). Student background and course involvement among first-year college students in introduction to psychology : implications for course design and student achievement. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 3 (1), 6-10.

CHRISTIE, C.A. & SCHUSTER, J.W. (2003). The effects of using response cards on student participation, academic achievement, and on-task behavior during whole-class, math instruction. Journal of Behavioral Education, 12 (3), 147-165.
CARNINE, D.W. (1976). Effects of two teacher-presentation rates on of-task behavior, answering correctly, and participation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 9 (2), 199-206. [PDF] ZAREMBA, S.B. & DUNN, D.S. (2004). Assessing class participation through self-evaluation : method and measure. Teaching of Psychology, 31 (3), 191.
NUNN, C. (1996). Discussion in the college classroom. The journal of higher education, 67 (3), 244-266. JOHNSTON, L. & MILES, L. (2004). Assessing contributions to group assignments. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29 (6), 751-768.
WEAVER, R. & QI, J. (2005). Classroom organisation and participation : college students perceptions. The Journal of Higher Education, 76 (5), 570-601.
KOZANITIS, A. et CHOUINARD, R. (2008). Une analyse exploratoire d'un modèle prédictif de la participation verbale en classe universitaire. Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation, 34 (3), 711-728. [PDF]
ZAMBOANGA, B.L., PADILLA-WALKER, L.M., HARDY, S.A., THOMPSON, R.A. & WANG, S.C. (2008). Academic background and course involvement as predictors of exam performance. Teaching of Psychology, 34 (3), 158.

Voir aussi Classe et Apprentissage actif
Classe (Poser des questions) : Voir Question (en classe). Ask a question.
Classe (Présence/Absence) : Présence en classe, phobie de l'école et décrochage scolaire. School attendance, truancy.
   
 TYERMAN, M.J. (1968). Truancy. London : University of London Press.  FRIEDMAN, P.F., RODRIGUEZ, F. & McCOMB, J. (2001). Why students do and do not attend classes. College Teaching, 49 (4), 124-133.
 DEMSCH, B. & GARTH, J.A. (1970). A multi-disciplinary approach to truancy. Psychology in the Schools, 7, 194-197.  WILDER, D.A., FLOOD, W.A. & STROMSNES, W. (2001). The use of random extra credit quizzes to increase student attendance. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 28, 117-120.
COPELAND, R.E., BROWN, R.E., AXELROD, S. & HALL, V.R. (1970). Effects of school principal praising parents for student attendance. Educational Technology, 12, 56-59.  KOUYOUMDIJAN, H. (2001). Influence of unannounced quizzes and cumulative exam on attendance and study behavior. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 110-111.
 BARBER, R.M. & KAGEY, J.R. (1977). Modification of school attendance for an elementary population. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10 (1), 41-48. SHIMOFF, E. & CATANIA, A.C. (2001). Effects of recording attendance on grades in introductory psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 28, 192-195.
 HOVELL, M.F., WILLIAMS, R.L. & SEMB, G. (1979). Analysis of under-graduates’ attendance at class meetings with and without grade-related contingencies : A contrast effect. Journal of Educational Research, 73, 50-53.  RODGERS, J.R. (2002). Encouraging tutorial attendance at University did not improve performance. Australian Economic Papers, 41 (3), 255-266.
 WIDLER, D.C. (1980). Curiosity, academic performance, and class attendance. Psychological Reports, 47, 589-590.  EPSTEIN, M.L., LAZARUS, A.D., CALVANO, T.B., MATTHEWS, K.A., HENDEL, R.A., EPSTEIN, B.B. & BROSVIC, G.M. (2002). Immediate feedback assessment technique promotes learning and corrects inaccurate first responses. The Psychological Record, 52, 187-201. [PDF]
 JONES, C.H. (1984). Interaction of absences and grades in a college course. Journal of Psychology, 116, 133-136.  DRUGER, M. (2003). Being there : A perspective on class attendance. Journal of College Science Teaching, 32, 350-351.
VALLERAND, R.J. & MÉNARD, L. (1984). Increasing the school attendance of, R.J., native students : An application of cognitive evaluation theory. Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 4, 241-255 [PDF]  MOORE, R. (2003). Students’ choices in developmental education : Is it really important to attend class ? Research & Teaching in Developmental Education, 20 (1), 42-52.
 BUCKALEW, L.W., DALY, J.D. & COFFIELD, K.E. (1986). Relationship of initial class attendance and seating location to academic performance in psychology classes. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 24, 63-64.  CONRAD, M.A. (2004). Conscientiousness is key : Incentives for attendance makes little difference. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 269-272.
 FJOROTFT, N. (2005). Students' motivation for class attendance. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 69, 107-112.
 VAN BLERKOM, M.L. (1992). Class attendance in undergraduate courses. Journal of Psychology, 126, 487-494.  HUDSON, W.E. (2006). Can an early alert excessive absenteeism warning system be effective in retaining freshman students ? Journal of College Student Retention : Research, Theory & Practice, 7 (3), 217-226.
 ROMER, D. (1993). Do students go to class ? Should they ? The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 7 (3), 167-174. [PDF]  MOORE, R. (2006). The importance of admissions scores and Attendance to First-Year Performance. Journal of The First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 18 (1), 105-125. [PDF]
 HANCOCK, T.M. (1994). Effects of mandatory attendance on student performance. College Student Journal, 26, 326-329.  MARBURGER, D.R. (2006). Does mandatory attendance improve student performance ? Journal of Economic Education, 37 (2), 148-155. [PDF]
 DURDEN G.C. & ELLIS, L. V. (1995). The effects of attendance on student kearning in principles of economics. American Economic Review, 85 (2), 343-346.  CRÉDÉ, M., ROCH, S.G. & KIEZCYNKA, U.M. (2010). Class attendance in College : A meta-analytic review of the relationship of class attendance with grades and student characteristics. Review of Educational Research, 80 (2), 272-295.
 DEVADOSS, S. & FOLTZ, J. (1996). Evaluation of factors influencing student class attendance and performance. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 78, 499-507  GOLDING, J.M. (2011). The role of attendance in lecture classes you can lead a horse to water. Teaching of Psychology, 38 (1), 40-42.
 LAUNIUS, M.H. (1997). College student attendance : Attitudes and academic performance. College Student Journal, 31, 86-92.  STELLMACK, M.A. (2013). Attenders versus slackers : A classroom demonstration of quasi-experimentation and self-selecting samples. Teaching of Psychology, 40, 238-241
 ST-CLAIR, K.L. (1999). A case against compulsory class attendance policies in higher education. Innovative Higher Education, 23, 171-180.  KAMAL, M.F., WASEEM, M.A. & MUTJABA, B.G. (2013). Comparative analysis of the effect of attendance on academic performance of management and fiinance course students. World Applied Sciences Journal, 24 (12), 1651-1655. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Absentéisme
Classe (Taille) : Nombre d'élèves ou d'étudiant-e-s dans une classe, en lien avec l'apprentissage et la réussite scolaire. *taille des groupes. Class size, large class, small class.
   
BOYER, P.A. (1914). Class size and school progress. Psychological Clinic, 8, 82-90. MOLNAR, A. (2000). Class size and voucher research : Not in the same league. Education Week, 20, 48-49.
BREED, F.S. & McCARTHY, G.S. (1916). Size of class and efficiency of teaching. School & Societv, 4, 965-971. FINN, J.D., GERBER, S.B., FARBER, S. & ACHILLES, C.M. (2000). Teacher aides : An alternative to small classes ? The CEIC Review, 9 (2), 5-9. [PDF]
TOPE, R.E., GROOM E. & BEESON, M.F. (1924). Size of class and school efficiency. Journal of Educational Research, 9, 126-132. SUCHMAN, E., SMITH, R., AHERMAE, S., MCDOWELL, K. & TIMPSON, W. (2000). The use of small groups in a large lecture microbiology course. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, 25 (3), 121-126.
EDMONSON J.B. & MULDER, F.U. (1924). Size of class as a factor in university instruction. Journal of Educational Research, 9, 1-12. EGELSON, P. & HARMAN, P. (2000). Ten years of small class size in Burke County, North Carolina. The CEIC Review, 9, 14-15.
AVERILL, L.A. & MUELLER, A.D. (1925). Size of class and reading efficiency. The Elementary School Journal, 25, 682-691. WANG, M.C. (2000). How small classes help teachers do their best. The CEIC Review, 9 (2), 1-24. [PDF]
METZNER, A.B. & BERRY, C. (1926). Size of class for mentally retarded children. Training School Bulletin, 23, 241-251. WANG, M.C. & FINN, J.D. (Eds.) (2000). How small classes help teachers do their best. Philadelphia, Pa.: Temple University Center for Research in Education.
HAERTTER, D.L. (1928). An experiment of the efficiency of instruction in large and small classes in plane geometry. Educational Administration & Sunervision, 14, 580-590. COOPER, J.L. & ROBINSON, P. (2000). The argument for making large classes seem small. In J. MacGregor, J. L. Cooper, K.A. Smith & P. Robinson (Eds.), Strategies for energizing large classes : From small groups to learning communities (pp. 5-16). New Directions for Teaching and Learning, No. 81. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
HOLLAND, B.G. (1928). The effect of class size on scholastic acquirement in educational psychology. School & Society, 27, 668-670. COHEN, G., MILLER, C., STONEHILL R. & GEDDES, C. (2000). The class-size reduction program : Boosting student achievement in schools across the nation, a first-year report. Washington, DC : U.S. Department of Education.
KIRK, J.R. (1929). A study of class size, teaching efficiency, and student achievement. Phi Delta Kappan, 12, 59-61. KRUEGER, A.B. (2000). An economist's view of class size research. In M.C. Wang & J.D. Finn (Eds.), How small classes help teachers do their best (pp. 99-130). Philadelphia : Temple University Center for Research in Human Development in Education.
WETZEL, W.A. (1930). Teaching technique and size of class. School Life, 15. 181-182. BRACEY. G.W. (2000). Small classes 1, vouchers 0. Phi Delta Kappan, 82 (4), 331-332.
BROWN, A.E. (1932). The effectiveness of large classes at the college level : An experimental study involving the size and variable and size-procedure variable. Universitv of Iowa Studies in Education, 7, 1-66. WANG, M.C. & TULL, J.C. (2000). School characteristics and classroom practice : Smaller versus larger classes. In M.C. Wang & J.D. Finn (Eds.), How small classes help teachers do their best (pp. 175-198). Philadelphia : Temple University Center for Research in Human Development and Education.
BAKER, L.H. (1936). Class size does make a difference. The Nation's Schools, 17, 27-28.   STECHER, B.M. & BORHNSTEDT, G.W. (2000). Class size reductions in California : The 1998-99 evaluation findings. Sacramento, California : California Department of Education.
EASTBURN, A. (1937). Report of class size investigations in the Phoenix Union High School, 1933-34 to 1935-36. Journal of Educational Research, 31, 107-117. KRUGER, A.B. (2000). Economic considerations and class size. Princeton University, Industrial Relations Section, Working Paper #447.
NEWELL, C.A. (1943). Class size and adaptability. New York : Columbia University Bureau of Publications. HOXBY, C.M. (2000). The effects of class size on student achievement : New evidence from population variation. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 115 (4), 1239-1285.
LUNDBERG, L.D. (1947). Effects of smaller classes. The Nation's Schools, 39, 20-22. MOLNAR, A. (2000). The case for smaller classes. Rethinking Schools, 14 (4),
OTTO, H.J. (1954). Class size factors in elementarv schools. Bureau of Laboratory Schools Publication No. 4). Austin : University of Texas. WANG, M.C. & FINN, J.D. (2000). How small classes help teachers do their best : Recommendations from a National Invitational Conference. CEIC Review, 9 (2).
ROSS, D.H. & McKENNA, B.H. (1955). Class size : The multi-million dollar question. New York, NY : Columbia University. STECHER, B.M. & BORNSTEDT, G.W. (2000). Class size reductions in California : The 1998-99 evaluation findings. Sacramento, California : California Department of Education.
ROHER, H.J. (1957). Large and small sections in college classes. The Journal of Higher Education, 28, 275-279. NYE, B., HEDGES L.V. & KONSTANTOPOULOS, S. (2000). The effects of small classes on academic achievement : The results of the Tennessee class size experiment. American Educational Research Journal, 37 (1), 123-151.
CAMMAROSANO, J.R. & SANTOPOLO. F.A. (1958). Teaching efficiency and class size. School & Societv, 86, 338-340. EGELSON, P. & HARMAN, P. (2000). Ten years of small class size in Burke County, North Carolina. In M.C. Wang & J.D. Finn (Eds.), How small classes help teachers do their best (pp. 279-297). Philadelphia : Temple University Center for Research in Human Development and Education.
FLEMING, C.M. (1959). Class size as a variable in the teaching situation. Educational Research, 1, 35-48. LEFEVRE, A. & RANKIN, J. (2000). The politics of class size reduction : Smaller classes vs. better teachers. Washington : American Legislative Exchange Council.
SIMMONS, H.F. (1959). Achievement in intermediate algebra associated with class size at the University of Wichita. College & University, 34, 309-315. ANDERSON, L.W. (2000). Why should reduced class size lead to increased student achievement ? In M.C. Wang & J.D. Finn (Eds.), How small classes help teachers do their best (pp. 3-24) Philadelphia : Temple University Center for Research in Human Development.
SIEGEL, L., MACOMBER, F.G. & ADAMS, J.F. (1959). The effectiveness of large group instruction at the university level. Harvard Educational review, 29, 216-226. CSR Research Consortium (2000). Class size reduction in California : The 1998-99 evaluation findings. Sacramento, CA : California Department of Education.
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TRAUTMANN, S.T., VAN DE KUILEN, G. & ZECKHAUSER, R.J. (2013). Social class and (un)ethical behavior : A framework, with evidence from a large population sample. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8 (5), 487-497.
FREDRIKSSON, P., OCKERT, B. & OOSTERBEEK, H. (2013). Long-term effects of class size. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 128 (1), 249-285. [PDF]
JAKOBSSON, N., PERSSON, M. & SVENSSON, M. (2013). Class-size effects on adolescents' mental health and well-being in Swedish schools. Education Economics, 21 (3), 248-263.
HARFITT, G.J. (2013). Why "small" can be better : an exploration of the relationships between class size and pedagogical practices. Research Papers in Education, 28 (3), 330-345. [PDF]
BARRETT, N. & TOMA, E.F. (2013). Reward or punishment ? Class size and teacher quality. Economics of Education Review, 35, 41-52.
WATSON, K., HANDAL, B., MAHER, M. & McGINTY, E. (2013). Globalising the class size debate : myths and realities. Journal of International & Comparative Education, 2 (2), 72-85. [PDF]
CHINGOS, M. (2013). Class size and student outcomes : Research and policy implications. Journal of Policy Analysis & Management, 32 (2), 411-438.
MUELLER, S. (2013). Teacher experience and the class size effect-Experimental evidence. Journal of Public Economics, 98, 44-52.
SPRINGER, L., STANNE, M.E. & DONOVAN, S.S. (1999). Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology : a meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 69, 21-51. ZYNGIER, D. (2014). Class size and academic results, with a focus on children from culturally, linguistically and economically disenfranchised communities. Evidence Base, 1, 1-23.
BASHAM, P. & HEPBURN, C. (1999). A lesson in education reform : Don't cut class size. Fraser Forum, 27-28. SORENSEN, C. (2014). Classrooms without walls : A comparison of instructor performance in online courses differing in class size. Journal of Online Learning & Teaching/MERLOT, 10 (4), 569-576.
MOLNAR, A., SMITH, P., ZAHORIK, J., PALMER, A., HALBACH, A. & EHRLE, K. (1999). Evaluating the SAGE Program : A pilot program in Targeted Pupil-Teacher Reduction in Wisconsin. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 165-177. HARFITT, G. (2014). Brokering dialogue between secondary students and teachers to co-construct appropriate pedagogy in reduced-size classes. Teachers & Teaching, 20 (2), 212-228.
KUO, V. (1999). Evaluation of California's class size reduction program : Local implementation practices. Palo Alto, CA : The American Institutes for Research. PETRILLI, M. & NORTHERN, A. (2014). Right-sizing our classrooms : A surprising experiment suggests students might benefit from bigger classes-but only if they have good teachers. Hoover Digest, 2, 81-85.
HANUSHEK, E.A. (1999). Some findings from an independent investigation of the Tennessee STAR experiment and from other investigations of class size effects. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21(2), 143-165. HANDAL, B., WATSON, K. & MAHER, M. (2014). From large to small classes : A classroom window. Australasian Canadian Studies, 31 (1-2), 53-72.
HANUSHEK, E.A. (1999). The evidence on class size. In S.E. Mayer & P.E. Peterson (Eds), Earning and learning : How schools matter. Washington D.C., Brookings Institutional Press. [PDF] KONSTANTOPOULOS, S. & SUN, M. (2014). Are teacher effects larger in small classes ? School Effectiveness & School Improvement, 25 (3), 312-328.
OGAWA, R.T., HUSTON, D. & STINE, D. (1999). California class reduction initiative : Differences in teacher experience and qualifications across schools. Educational Policy, 13 (5), 659-673. BOSWORTH, R. (2014). Class size, class composition, and the distribution of student achievement. Education Economics, 22 (2), 141-165.
BROOKE, C.P. (1999). Feelings from the back row : Negotiating sensitive issues in large classes. New Directions for Teaching & Learning, 77, 23-33. AKABAYASHI, H. & NAKAMURA, R. (2014). Can small class policy close the gap ? An empirical analysis of class size effects in Japan. Japanese Economic Review, 65 (3), 253-281.

SCHANZENBACH, D.W. (2014). Does class size matter ? Boulder, CO : National Education Policy Center.
MITCHELL, D.E. & MITCHELL, R.E. (1999). The impact of California's class size reduction initiative on student achievement : Detailed findings from eight school districts, California Educational Research Cooperative, University of California, Riverside : CA. EKEMBE, E. (2014). Interaction and uptake in large foreign language classrooms. RELC Journal, 45 (3), 237-251.
NYE, B., HEDGES L.V. & KONSTANTOPOULOS, S. (1999). The long-term effects of small classes : A five-year follow-up of the Tennessee class size experiment. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 127-142. KONSTANTOPOULOS, S. & TRAYNOR, A. (2014). Class size effects on reading achievement using PIRLS data : Evidence from Greece. Teachers College Record, 116 (2), 1-29.
ACHILLES, C.M. (1999). Let's put kids first, finally : Getting class size right. Thousand Oaks, CA : Corwin Press. KRASSEL, K. & HEINESEN, E. (2014). Class-size effects in secondary shool. Education Economics, 22 (4), 412-426.
ANGRIST, J.D. & LAVY, V. (1999). Using maimondides' rule to estimate the effect of class size on scholastic achievement. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2), 533-575. GERSHENSON, S. & LANGBEIN, L. (2015). The effect of primary school size on academic achievement. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 37 (1), 135-155.
BETTS, J.R. & SHKOLNIK, J.L. (1999). The behavioural effects of variations in class size : The case of math teachers. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 193-214. HANDAL, B., WATSON, K. & MAHER, M. (2015). Multi-positioning mathematics class size : Teachers' views. International Journal for Mathematics Teaching & Learning. [PDF]
RICE, J.K. (1999). The impact of class size on instructional strategies and the use of time in high school mathematics and science courses. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 215-229. [PDF] JEPSEN, C. (2015). Class size : does it matter for student achievement ? IZA World of Labor, 190, 1-10. [PDF]
GRISSMER, D. (1999). Class size effects : assessing the evidence, its policy implications, and future research agendas. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 231-248. CELIK, B. & KOC, V. (2015). Effect of class size on university entrance exam in Turkey. Procedia - Social & Behavioral Sciences, 191, 919-924. [PDF]
MOLNAR, A., SMITH, P., ZAHORIK, J., PALMER, A., HALBACH, A. & EHRLE, K. (1999). Evaluating the SAGE program : A pilot program in targeted pupil-teacher reduction in Wisconsin. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 165-177 SORENSEN, C. (2015). An examination of the relationship between online class size and instructor performance. Journal of Educators Online, 12 (1), 140-159. [PDF]
BREWER, D., KROP, C., GILL, B.P. & REICHARDT, R. (1999). Estimating the cost of national class size reductions under different policy alternatives. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21, 179-192. SOHN, K. (2015). Nonrobustness of the carryover effects of small classes in Project STAR. Teachers College Record, 117 (3), 1-26.
HANUSHEK, E.A. (1999). Some findings from an independent investigation of the Tennessee STAR Experiment and from other investigations of class size effects. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 143-164. [PDF] McKEE, G., SIMS, K. & RIVKIN, S. (2015). Disruption, learning, and the heterogeneous benefits of smaller classes. Empirical Economics, 48 (3), 1267-1286.
MATHIS, W.J. (2016). Research-based options for education policymaking : The effectiveness of class size reduction. Boulder, CO : National Education Policy Center.
CARBONE, E.L. (1999). Students behaving badly in large classes. In S. Richardson (Ed.), Promoting civility : A teaching challenge. New Directions for Teaching and Learning. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass. ZHANG, Y., LIU, H. & LIN, C.H. (2018). Research on class size in K-12 online learning. In K. Kennedy & R.E. Ferdig (Eds.), Handbook of research on K-12 online and blended learning (pp. 273-283). Pittsburgh, PA : ETC Press.
FINN, J.D. & ACHILLES, C.M. (1999). Tennessee's class size study : Findings, implications, misconceptions. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 97-109. SHEN, T. & KONSTANTOPOULOS, S. (2019). Class size effects on reading achievement in Europe : Evidence from PIRLS. Studies In Educational Evaluation, 53, 98-114.
BREWER, D., KROP, C., GILL, B.P. & REICHARDT, R. (1999). Estimating the cost of national class size reductions under different policy alternatives. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 21 (2), 179-192. LIN, C.H., KWON, J.B. & ZHANG, Y. (2019). Online self-paced high-school class size and student achievement. Educational Technology Research & Development, 67 (2), 317- 336.
ZAHORIK, J. (1999). Reducing class size leads to individualized instruction. Educational Leadership, 57 (1), 50-53. SHEN, T. & KONSTANTOPOULOS, S. (2019). Estimating causal effects of class size in secondary education : evidence from TIMSS. Research Papers in Education.

Voir aussi Taille des groupes, Projet Star et Classe
Classe biologique : Voir Rang taxinomique.
 
Règne
  Embranchement  
  Classe  
  Ordre  
  Famille  
  Genre  
  Espèce  
  Population  
 
BURNIE, D. (Dir.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi.
Classe d'accueil :
 
TREMBLAY, R.E. et BAILLARGEON, L. (1984). Les difficultés de comportements d'enfants immigrants dans les classes d’accueil, au préscolaire. Canadian Journal of Education, 9, 154-170.
Classe d'affaires : Concept un peu nébuleux qui regroupe autant les individus qui possèdent les moyens de productions (petite et grande bourgeoisie) que les individus au service de ces bourgeoisies (PDG, comptables, avocats, banquiers, conseils d'administration, etc) et que Galbraith appelle la technostructure. = gens d'affaires, homme d'affaires.
   
Voir aussi Classe sociale
Classe de comportements : Voir Comportement (Classe).
Classe de stimuli : Voir Stimuli (Classe).
Classe dirigeante : Voir Classe dominante.
Classe dominante : Classe qui domine la société, l'influence, la contrôle, souvent à distance (ce sont pas des élus). Classe dominante, bloc au pouvoir et état profond. = classe dirigeante, puissant, riche, bourgeoisie, aristocratie, pouvoir occulte.
   
Voir aussi Classe sociale
Classe homogène : Classe constituée d'élèves ou d'étudiant-e-s possédant des habiletés cognitives équivalentes. = classes homogènes, groupes homogènes. /classe hétérogène. Ability grouping, homogeneous grouping.
   
SYMONDS, P.M. (1930). Homogeneous grouping. Teachers College Record, 32 (6), 501-501. EMMER, E. & STOUGH, L. (2001). Classroom management : A critical part of educational psychology with implications for teacher education. Educational Psychologist, 36, 103-112.
BOALER, J., WILLIAM D. & BROWN, M. (2001). Students'experiences of ability grouping : Disaffection, polarization and the construction of failure. British Educational Research Journal, 27 (5), 631-648.
ROGERS, K.B. (2002). Grouping the gifted and talented : Roeper Review, 24, 103-107.
PROVUS, M.M. (1960). Ability grouping in mathematics. Elementary School Journal, 60, 391-398. TIESO, C. (2003). Ability grouping is not just tracking any more. Roeper Review, 26 (1), 29-37.
KOONTZ, W.F. (1961). A study of achievement as a function of homogeneous grouping. Journal of Experimental Education, 30, 249-253. CHISAKA, B.C. & VAKALISA, N.C.G. (2003). Some eEffects of ability grouping in Harare Secondary Schools : A case study. South African Journal of Education, 23 (3), 176-180.
MARKLUND, S. (1963). Scholastic achievement as related to size and homogeneity of classes. Educational Research, 6, 63-67. DAVIES, J., HALLAM, S. & IRESON, J. (2003). Ability grouping in the primary school : Issues arising from practice. Research Papers in Education, 18 (1), 45-60.
KULIK, C-L.C. & KULIK, J.A. (1982). Effects of ability grouping on secondary school students : A meta-analysis of evaluation findings. American Educational Research Journal, 19, 415-428. EMILY, F., ROBERT, E. & MICHAEL, K. (2003). The effect of ability grouping on student's achievements in science laboratory work. Roeper Review, 25 (4), 212-220.
SHIELDS, C.M. (2002). A comparison study of student attitudes and perceptions in homogeneous and heterogeneous classrooms. Roeper Review, 24, 115-119.
TIESO, C. (2005). The effects of grouping practices and curricular adjustments on achievement. Journal for the Eduaction of the Gifted, 29 (1), 60-89.
VELDMAN, D.J. & SANFORD, J.P. (1984). The influence of class ability level on student achievement and classroom behavior. American Educational Research Journal, 21 (3), 629-644. CHORZEMPA, B. & GRAHAM, S. (2006). Primary-grade teachers' use of within-class ability grouping in reading. Journal of Educational Psych (ASCD), 98 (3), 529-541.
SLAVIN, R.E. (1986). Ability grouping and student achievement in elementary schools. A best-evidence synthesis. Baltimore, Md. : Johns Hopkins University, Center for Research on Elementary and Middle Schools. BURRIS, C., HEUBEERT, J. & LEVIN, H. (2006). Accelerating mathematics achievement using heterogeneous grouping. American Educational Research Journal, 43 (1), 137-154.
SLAVIN, R.E. (1987). Ability grouping and student achievement in elementary schools : A best-evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 57 (30), 293-336. TACH, L. & FARKAS, G. (2006). Learning-related behaviors, cognitive skills, and ability grouping when schooling begins. Social Science Research, 35 (4), 1048-1080.
NEIHART, M. (2007). The socioaffective impact of acceleration and ability grouping : Recommendations for best practice. The Gifted Child Quarterly, 51 (4), 330-341.
KULIKAND, J.A. & KULIK, J.A. (1987). Effects of ability grouping on student achievement. Equity & Excellence in Education, 23, (1-2), 22-30. HALLAM, S. & IRESON, J. (2007). Secondary school pupils' satisfaction with their ability grouping placements. British Educational Research Journal, 33 (1), 27-45.
BYRNE, B. (1988). Adolescent self-concept, ability grouping, and social comparisons : Reexamining academic track differences in high school. Youth & Society, 20 (1), 46-67. TOTTEN, I. & BOSCO, K. (2008). The impact of ability grouping in introductory geology labs. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 40 (3), 163.
SLAVIN, R.E. (1988). Synthesis of research on grouping in elementary and secondary schools. Educational Leadership, 46 (1), 67-77. CATSAMBIS, S., MULKEY, L., BUTTARO, A. STEELMAN, L. & KOCH, P. (2011). Examining gender differences in ability group placement at the onset of schooling : The role of skills, behaviors, and teacher evaluations. Journal of Educational Research, 105 (1), 8-20.
SLAVIN, R.E. (1990). Achievement effects of ability grouping in secondary schools : A best-evidence synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 60 (3), 471-499. TRIGG-SMITH, R. (2011). Investigating teachers'impact on grouping practices : Justifying an analysis on how teachers incorporate ideas of equity into grouping practices. Educate Journal, 11 (1), 28-44.
KULIK, J.A. (1992). An analysis of the research on ability grouping : Historical and contemporary perspectives, ability grouping research-based decision making series, No. 9204. Ann Arbor, MI : University of Michigan. ADODO, S.O. & AGBAYEWA, J.O. (2011).Effect of homogenous and heterogeneous ability grouping class teaching on student's interest, attitude and achievement in integrated science. International Journal of Psychology & Counselling, 3 (3), 48-54. [PDF]
CATSAMBIS, S. & BUTTARO, A. (2012). Revisiting kindergarten as academic boot camp : A nationwide study of ability grouping and psycho-social development. Social Psychology of Education : An International Journal, 15 (4), 483-515.
 
Voir aussi Classe
Classe inclusiveClasse qui regroupe des étudiants qui ont des comportements difficiles ou des diffulté d'apprentissage. Inclusive classroom.
   
JORDAN, A., SCHWARTZ, E. & MCGHIE-RICHMOND, D. (2009). Preparing teachers for inclusive classrooms. Teaching & Teacher Education, 25 (4), 535–542.
  GAUDREAU, N. (2011). La gestion des problèmes de comportement en classe inclusive : pratiques efficaces. Éducation et Francophonie 39 (2), 122-144.

Voir aussi Classe
Classe inversée : Par opposition à la classe ordinaire ou dite "traditionnelle", la classe inversée propose un ensemble d'acitivités d'apprentissage qui encourage davantage l'élève/étudiant à être actif. EX : Résoudre soi-même un problème (actif), plutôt que de regarder le professeur résoudre le problème (passif). Ces classes font souvent appel aux technologies de l'information et de la communication (TICS). Classe inversée, ordinateur et apprentissage actif. = classe d'apprentissage actif, CLAAC. /cours magistral. Inverted classroom, flipped classroom, flip, reversing the lecture/homework paradigm.
   
HAKE, R.R. (1998). Interactive-engagement versus traditional methods : A six-thousand-student survey of mechanics test data for introductory physics courses. American Journal of Physics, 66, 64-74. STUNE, J.D., STUREK, M. & BASILE, D.P. (2013). Flipped classroom model improves graduate student performance in cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal physiology. Advances in Physiology Education, 37 (4), 316-320. [PDF]
SAMS, A. & BERGMANN, J. (2013). Flip your students' learning. Educational Leadership, 70 (6), 16-20.
LAGE, M.J., PLATT, G.J. & TREGLIA, M. (2000). Inverting the classroom : A gateway to creating an inclusive learning environment. Journal of Economic Education, 31 (1), 30-43. BECKER, B.W. (2013). Start flipping out with guide on the side. Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 32 (4), 257-260.
BAKER, J.W. (2000). The "classroom flip" : Using Web course management tools to become the guide by the side. In J.A. Chambers (Ed.), 11th International Conference on College Teaching and Learning (pp. 9-17). Jacksonville, FL. HERREID, C.F. & SCHILLER, N.A. (2013). Case studies and the flipped classroom. Journal of College Science Teaching, 42 (5), 62-66.
LAGE, M.J. & PLATT, G. (2000). The internet and the inverted classroom. The Journal of Economic Education, 31 (1), 11-11. ENFIELD, J. (2013). Looking at the impact of the flipped classroom model of instruction on undergraduate multimedia students at CSUN. TechTrends : Linking Research & Practice to Improve Learning, 57 (6), 14-27.
FOERTSCH, J., MOSES, G.A., STRIKWERDA, J.C. & LITZKOW, M.J. (2002). Reversing the lecture/homework paradigm using eTeach web-based streaming video software. Journal of Engineering Education, 91, 267-274. MISSILDINE, K., FOUNTAIN, R., SUMMERS, L. & GOSSELIN, K. (2013). Flipping the classroom to improve student performance and satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Education, 52 (10), 597-599.
ULLMAN, E. (2013). Tips to help flip your classroom : Teachers offer their strategies for making the most out of the flipped classroom model. ASCD Education Update, 55 (2), 1-5.
ENFIELD, J. (2013). Looking at the impact of the flipped classroom model of instruction on undergraduate multimedia students at CSUN. Techtrends, 57 (14), 14-27
DAVIES, R.S., DEAN, DL. & BALL, N. (2013). Flipping the classroom and instructional technology integration in a college-level information systems spreadsheet course. Educational Technology Research & Development, 61 (4), 563-580.
BRUNSELL, E. & HOREJSI, M. (2013). Science 2.0: "Flipping" your classroom in one "take". The Science Teacher, 8 (3), 8.
GANNOD, G., BURGE, J. & HELMICK, M. (2008). Using the inverted classroom to teach software engineering. In W. Schäfer, M.B. Dwyer & V. Gruhn (Ed.), ICSE - 08 : Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Software Engineering (pp. 777-786). Leipzig, Germany. LEMMER, C.A. (2013). A view from the flip side : Using the "inverted classroom" to enhance the legal information literacy of the introductory business. International Journal of Business, Humanities & Technology, 1 (2), 1-2, 9.
STRAYER, J. (2009). Inverting the classroom : A study of the learning environment when an intelligent tutoring system is used to help students learn. Saarbruücken : VDM Verlag. BOUCHER, B., ROBERTSON, E., WAINNER, R. & SANDERS, B. (2013). "Flipping" Texas State University's physical musculoskeletal implementation of a hybrid learning model. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 27 (3), 72-77.
ZAPPE, S., LEICHT, R., MESSNER, J., LITZINGER, T. & LEE, H. W. (2009). Flipping the classroom to explore active learning in a large undergraduate course. Washington, DC : American Society for Engineering Education. HÉTU, C. (2014). La classe inversée à trois vitesses. Québec Français, 173, 76-77. [PDF]
MORAVEC, M., WILLIAMS, A., AGUILAR-ROCA, N. & O'DOWD, D.K. (2010). Learn before lecture : a strategy that improves learning outcomes in a large introductory biology class. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 473-481. BUTT, A. (2014). Student views on the use of a flipped classroom approach : Evidence from Australia. Business Education & Accreditation, 6 (1), 33-43.
MOK, H.N. (2014). Teaching tip : The flipped classroom. Journal of Information Systems Education, 25 (1), 7-11. [PDF]
SPARKS, S. (2011). Schools "flip" for lesson model promoted by Khan Academy. Education Week, 31 (5), 1-14. FINDLAY-THOMPSON, S. & MOMBOURQUETTE, P. (2014). Evaluation of a flipped classroom in an undergraduate business course. Business Education & Accreditation, 6 (1), 63-71.
SAHIN, A., CAVLAZOGLU, B. & ZAYTUNCU, Y.E. (2014). Flipping a college calculus course : A case study. Educational Technology & Society, 18 (3), 142-152.
WARD, J. (2014). Resources for flipping the english class. Teacher Etcetera.
JENSEN, J. & KUMMER, T.A. & GODOY, P.D.M. (2014). Improvements from flipped classroom may simply be the fruits of active learning. CBE-life Sciences Education, 14, 1-12. [PDF]
McLAUGHLIN, J.E. (2014). The flipped classroom : a course redesign to foster learning and engagement in a health professions school. Academic Medicine, 89 (2), 236-243
ALVAREZ, B. (2011). Flipping the classroom : Homework in class, lessons at home. Education Digest, 77 (8), 18-21. FREEMAN, S., EDDY, S.L., MCDONOUGH, M., SMITH, M.K., OKOROAFOR, N., JORDT, H. & WENDEROTH, M.P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111 (23), 8410-8415.
BERRETT, D. (2012). How "flipping" the classroom can improve the traditional lecture. Chronicle of Higher Education, 58 (25), A16. ARNOLD-GARZA, S. (2015). The flipped classroom teaching model and its use for information literacy instruction. Communication in Information Literacy, 8 (1), 7-22. [PDF]
MATTIS, K.V. (2015). Flipped classroom versus traditional textbook instruction : Assessing accuracy and mental effort at different levels of mathematical complexity. Technology, Knowledge & Learning, 20 (2), 231-248.
STRAYER, J.F. (2012). How learning in an inverted classroom in influences cooperation, innovation and task orientation. Learning Environments Research, 15, 171-193. [PDF] MORTENSON, C.J. & NICHOLSON, A.M. (2015). The flipped classroom stimulates greater learning and is a modern 21st century approach to teaching today's undergraduates. Journal of Animal Science, 93 (7), 3722-3731.
SEERY, M.K. (2015). ConfChem conference on flipped classroom : student engagement with flipped chemistry lectures. Journal of Chemical Education, 92 (9), 1566-1567.
LITTLE, C. (2015). The flipped classroom in further education : literature review and case study. Research in Post-Compulsory Education, 20 (3), 265-279.
TUCKER, B. (2012). The flipped classroom. Education Next, 12 (1), 82. ABEYSEKERA, L. & DAWSON, P. (2015). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom : definition, rationale and a call for research. Higher Education Research & Development, 34 (1), 1-14. [PDF]
NIELSEN, L. (2012). Five reasons I'm not flipping over the flipped classroom. Technology & Learning, 32 (10), 46-46. VAN VLIET, E.A., WINNIPS, J.C. & BROUWER, N. (2015). Flipped-class pedagogy enhances student metacognition and collaborative-learning strategies in higher education but effect does not persist. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 14(3),1-10. [PDF]
MAZUR, A-D., BROWN, B. & JACOBSEN, M. (2015). Learning designs using flipped classroom instruction. Canadian Journal of Learning & Technology, 41 (2). [PDF]
ABEY, S.L. & DAWSON, P. (2015). Motivation and cognitive load in flipped classroom : definition, rational and a call for research. Higher Education Research & development, 34 (1), 1-14.
BERGMANN, J. & SAMS, A. (2012). Flip your classroom : Reach every student in every class every day. Alexandria, VA : International Society for Technology in Education; ASCD. O'FLAHERTY, J. & PHILLIPS, C. (2015). The use of flipped classrooms in higher education : A scoping review. Internet & Higher Education, 25, 85-95.
BULL, G., FERSTER, B. & KJELLSTROM, W. (2012). Inventing the flipped classroom. Learning & Leading with Technology, 40 (1), 10-11. [LIRE] CLARK, R.M., BESTERFIELD-SACRE, M., BUDNY, D., BURSIC, K.M., CLARK, W. W., NORMAN, B.A. & SLAUGHER, W.S. (2016). Flipping engineering courses : A school wide initiative. Advances in Engineering Education, 5 (3), 1-39. [PDF]
REID, S.A. (2016). A flipped classroom redesign in general chemistry. Chemistry Education Research & Practice, 17, 914-922.
LIBERT, C.A. (2016). Effectiveness of surgery core clerkship flipped classroom : a perspective cohort : trial .The American Journal of Surgery, 211, 451- 457.
LONG, T.T. & LONG, J. (2016). Students' and Instructor's attitudes and receptions of the viability of using a flipped classroom instructional model in a technology -enabled active learning (TEAL) classroom : a preliminary study. Journal of Teaching & Learning with Technology, 5 (1), 46-58.
LAI, C.-L. & HWANG, G-J. (2016). A self-regulation flipped classroom approach to improving students. Computers & Education, 100, 126-140.
ASH, K. (2012). Educators view 'flipped' model with a more critical eye. Education Week, 32 (2), S6. McCARTHY, J. (2016). Reflections on a flipped classroom in first year higher education. Issues in Educational Research, 26 (2), 332-350. [PDF]
PIERCE, R. & FOX, J. (2012). Podcasts and active-learning exercises in a "flipped classroom" model of a renal pharmacotherapy module. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 76 (10), 1-5. SCHMIDT, S.M.P. (2016). The flipped classroom : A twist on teaching. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 9 (1), 1-6. [PDF]
MILMAN, N. (2012). The flipped classroom strategy : What is it and how can it be used ? Distance Learning, 9 (3), 85-87. THAI, N.T.T., DE WEVER, B. & VALCKE, M. (2017). The impact of a flipped classroom design on learning performance in higher education : Looking for the best "blend" of lectures and guiding questions with feedback. Computers & Education, 107 (S), 113-126.
FULTON, K. (2012). Upside down and inside out : Flip your classroom to improve student learning. Learning & Leading with Technology, 39 (8), 12-17. ALJASER, A.M. (2017). Effectiveness of using flipped classroom strategy in academic achievement and self-efficacy among education students of princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman university. English Language Teaching, 10 (4), 67-77. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Apprentissage actif, TIC, Ordinateur, Site internet pédagogique et Classe
 
Classe logique : Voir Classe/Catégoriser. Classification.
Classe mixte : Classe composée de garçons et de filles, en proportion variable. /non-mixité. Single-sex classe, single-sex education.
   
MARSH, H.W. (1989). Effects of attending single-sex and coeducational high schools on achievement, attitudes, behaviors and sex differences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81 (1), 70-85. CLOUTIER, R. et BOUCHARD, P. (2001). Faut-il abolir la mixité à l'école. Relations, 672, 30-31.
MOSCONI, N. (1992). Les ambiguïtés de la mixité scolaire. Dans C. Baudoux et C. Zaidman (Dirs.), Égalité entre les sexes. Mixité et démocratie. Paris : L'Harmattan. JACKSON, C. (2002). Can Single-sex classes in co-educational schools enhance the learning experiences of girls and/or boys ? British Educational Research Journal, 28 (1), 37-48.
MILLER-BERNAL, L. (1993). Single-sex versus coeducational environments : A comparison of women students' experiences at four college. American Journal of Education, 102, (1), 23-54. BOUCHARD, P. et SAINT-AMAND, J.-C. (2003). La non-mixité à l'école : quels enjeux ? Options, 22,
ZAIDMAN, C. (1996). La mixité; à l'école primaire. Paris : L'Harmattan. MALACOVA, E. (2007). Effects of single-sex education on progress in GCSE. Oxford Review of Education, 33 (2), 233-259.
POOLE, D. (2008). Interactional differentiation in the mixed-ability group : A situated view of two struggling readers. Reading Research Quarterly, 43 (3), 228-250.
VOUILLOT, F. (2010). L'orientation : le butoir de la mixité. Revue Française de Pédagogie, 171, 59-68.
HALPERN, D.F. ELIOT, L., BIGLER, R.S., FABES, R.A., HANISH, L.D., HYDE, J.S., LIBEN, L.S. & MARTIN, C.L. (2011). The pseudoscience of single-sex schooling. Science, 333, 1706-1707. [PDF]
DURAND-DELVIGNE A. et DURU-BELLAT, M. (1998). Mixité scolaire et construction du genre. Dans M. Maruani (Dir.), Les nouvelles frontières de l'inégalité (p. 83-92). Paris : La Découverte. CHERNEY, I.D. & CAMPBELL, K.L. (2011). A league of their own : do single-sex schools increase girls participation in the physical sciences ? Sex roles, 65 (9), 712-724.
PAHLKE, E., HYDE, J.S. & ALLISON, C. (2014). The effects of single-sex compared with coeducational schooling on students' performance and attitudes : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1042-1072.
 
Voir aussi Classe
Classe moyenne : Classe sociale par défaut regroupant tous les individus qui ne sont ni riches ni pauvres. Les individus qui forment cette classe n'ont rien en commun si ce n'est le même niveau de vie intermédiaire - entre la classe ouvrière et la classe dominante - niveau de vie qui varie beaucoup d'une société à l'autre, et même parfois d'une époque à l'autre. Le concept sert donc à classer par défaut une population donnée, souvent majoritaire, plutôt qu'à la caractériser. Ce terme permet également de parler ou faire allusion aux riches et aux pauvres sans les nommer. En ce sens, il est fort prisé des adeptes de la rectitude politique. /élite. Middle classes.
   
MILLS, C.W. (1951). White collar : The American middle classes. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
CHAUVEL, L. (2006). Les classes moyennes à la dérive. Seuil : Paris.
GOUX, D. & MAURIN, É. (2012). Les nouvelles classes moyennes. Seuil : Paris.

Voir aussi Classe sociale
Classe multi-âge : Classe formée d'élèves de niveaux différents (habituellement deux niveaux consécutifs), donc d'âges différents. Multiage classroom, mixed-age grouping.
   
COHEN, D. (1990). A look at multiage classrooms. Education Week, 9, 13-15.
CALKINS, T. (1993). Off the track : Children thrive in ungraded primary schools. In D. Sumner (Ed.), Multiage classrooms : The ungrading of America's schools (pp. 26-30). Peterborough, NH : Society for Developmental Education.
ESPINOSA, L.M. & CHEN, W. (2001). The role of technology in supporting multiage classroom practices. Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual, 13, 5-31.

Voir aussi Classe
Classe multi-ethnique : Classe formée d'élèves provenant de différentes ethnies. Multicultural class.
   
 MEACHAM, J. (1995). Conflict in multicultural classes : Too much heat or too little ? Liberal Education, 81 (4), 24-29.
 SCHOEM, D., FRANKEL, L.L., XIMENA, Z. & LEWIS, E. (1995). Multicultural teaching in the university. Westport, CT : Praeger.
Voir aussi Classe et Ethnie
Classe multi-média : Classe équipée d'un ordinateur, d'un projecteur ou d'un tableau blanc, ou de tout autre technologie qui permet d'enseigner l'essentiel de la matière. Multicultural class, multimedia-based lab, electronic classroom, multimedia classroom.
   
 STOLOFF, M. (1995). Teaching physiological psychology in a multimedia classroom. Teaching of Psychology, 22, 138-141.
 LARGE, A., BEHESHTI, J., BREULEUX, A. & RENAUD, A. (1996). Effect of animation in enhancing descriptive and procedural texts in a multimedia learning environment. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 47, 437-448.
 LEE, A.Y., GILLAN, D.J. & HARRSION, C.L. (1996). Assessing the effectiveness of a multimedia-based lab for upper division psychology students. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, Computers, 28, 295-299.
 SIEGELE, D. & FOSTER, T. (2001). Laptop computers and multimedia and presentation software : their effects on student achievement in anatomy and physiology. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 34, 29-37. [PDF]
BARTSCH, R.A. & MURPHY, W. (2011). Examining the effects of an electronic classroom response system on student engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44, 25-33.

Voir aussi TIC
Classe objective/Classer : Ensemble d'objets ayant des propriétés nécessaires et suffisantes aux yeux de la science. EX: Tous les mammifères ont des mamelles. L'épistémologie cognitive étudie notamment la formation des concepts objectifs ou scientifiques. Classe objective, catégorisation. = concept scientifique, classe cognitive. Classification.
 
BEKOFF, M. (1979). Behavioral acts : Description, classification, ethogram analysis and measurement. In R.B. Cairns (Ed.), The analysis of social interactions (pp. 67-80). Hillsdale N.J. : Erlbaum.
LARIVÉE, S. (2009). Des classes sociales aux classes cognitives. Revue de Psychoéducation, 38 (2), 279-295.

Voir aussi Catégorisation
KNEALE, W.C. & KNEALE, M. (1988). The development of logic. Oxford : Oxford Press.
Classe ouvrière : = col bleu, prolétariat. Working class.
   
PARKIN, F. (1967). Working class conservatism : the theory of political deviance. British Journal of Sociology, 18,278-290.
HOVEGEEN, B. (2005). The evils with which we are called to grapple : Elite reformers, eugenicists, environmental psychologists, and the construction of Toronto’s working-class boy problem, 1860-1930. Labour/Le Travail, 55, 37-68.

Voir aussi Col bleu, Prolétariat < eta href="#classe">Classe
Classe politique : L'expression renvoie à l'ensemble des individus élus d'un pays (députation), ainsi qu'à tous ceux et celles qui permettent à cette députation de jouer son rôle.
   
Voir aussi Classe sociale
Classe sociale : Groupe informel d'individus qui, du fait de la position qu'il occupe dans le procès de reproduction du capital, possède, selon les marxistes, les mêmes intérêts ou des intérêts convergents (dit intérêt de classe). Classe sociale et déterminants sociaux-économiques. Social class.
 
Caractéristiques des classes sociales
Conscience de classe Différence entre les classes Lutte des classes
 

 
Types de classe sociale
Classe d'affaires Classe moyenne Classe politique
Classe dominante Classe ouvrière Pauvres
 
   
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KRIEGER, N., ROWLEY, D.L., HERMAN, A.A., AVERY, B. & PHILLIPS, M.T. (1993). Racism, sexism, and social class : implications for studies of health, disease, and well-being.American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9 (6), 82-122. O'GUINN, T.C., TANNER, R.J. & MAEENG, A. (2015), Turning to space : Social density, social class and the value of things in stores. Journal of Consumer Research, 42 (2), 196-213.
THOMAS, M. (1993). Race, class, and personal income : An empirical rest of the declining significance of race thesis, 1968-1988. Social Problems, 40 (3), 328-342. DUBOIS, D., RUCKER D.D. & GALINSKY, A.D. (2015). Social class, power, and selfishness : When and why upper and lower class individuals behave unethically. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 108 (3), 436-449.
KRIEGER, N. & FEE, E. (1994). Social class : The missing link in U.S. health data. International Journal of Health Services, 24, 25-44. YEARWOOD, M. H., CUDDY, A., LAMBA, N., YOUYOU, W., VAN DER LOWE, I., PIFF, P. K., GRONIN, C., FLEMING, P., SIMON-THOMAS, E., KELTNER, D. & KOGAN, A. (2015). On wealth and the diversity of friendships : High social class people around the world have fewer international friends. Personality & Individual Differences, 87, 224-229.
JACKMAN, M.R. (1994). The velvet glove : Paternalism and conflict in gender, class, and race relations. Berkeley, CA : University of California Press. CONNELLY, R., GAYLE, V. & LAMBERT, P.S. (2016). A Review of occupation-based social classifications for social survey research. Methodological Innovations, 9, 1-14. [PDF]
KRIEGER, N., ROWLEY, D.L., HERMAN, A.A., AVERY, B. & PHILLIPS, M.T. (1995). Racism, sexism, and social class : implications for studies of health, disease, and well-being. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 9 (S), 82-122. GOLDTHORPE, J.H. (2016). Social class mobility in modern Britain : changing structure, constant process. Journal of the British Academy, 4, 89-111. [PDF]
ZIGLER, E. (1995). Can we "cure" mild mental retardation among individuals in the lower socio-economic stratum ? American Journal of Public Health, 85 (3), 302-304.  KRAUS, M.W. & CALLAGHAN, B. (2016). Social class and pro-social behavior : The moderating role of public versus private contexts. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 7, 769-777. [PDF]
WELLER, L. & LUCHTERHAND, E. (1995). Adolescents' perceptions of their parents by social class, race and parental presence. International Journal of Sociology of the Family, 4, 215-221. DIETZE, P. & KNOWLES, E.D. (2016). Social class and the motivational relevance of other human beings : Evidence from visual attention. Psychological Science, 27 (11), 1517-1527.
 
Voir aussi Pauvreté, Mobilité sociale, Stratification, Lutte des classes et Déterminant socio-économique
Classe sociale (Conscience) :
 
LUKACS, G. (1923). Histoire et conscience de classe : Essai de dialectique marxiste. Paris : Minuit.
Classe sociale (Différences) : Social class difference.
 
RAY, J.J. (1972). The questionnaire measurement of social class. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 7, 58-64. [LIRE]
ZEIDNER, M. & BELT-HALLAHMI, B. (1988). Sex, ethnic and social class differences in para-religious beliefs among Israeli adolescents. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 333-343.
KRIEGER, N. (1991). Women and social class : a methodological study comparing individual, household, and census measures as predictors of black/white differences in reproductive history. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 45, 35-42.
WILLIAMS, W.M. & CECI, S.J. (1997). Are Americans becoming more or less alike ? Trends in race, class, and ability differences in intelligence. American Psychologist, 52 (11), 1226-1235.
UNGER, R.K. (1997). A just noticeable difference : the impact of gender, race, ethnicity, and social class on psychology. In A.B., Ginorio, N. Romer, R.K. Unger & K.F. Wyche (Eds.), Psychology. CUNY panel : Rethinking the disciplines. National Center for Curriculum Transformation Resources on Women. [PDF]
ROAZZI, A. & BRYANT, P.E. (1997). Explicitness and conservation : Social class differences. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 21 (1), 51-70.
Classes sociales (Lutte) : Expression forgée par Marx pour désigner les conflits et l'inéxorable confrontation entre le prolétariat et la bourgeoisie. Class struggle.
   
PICCIOTTO, S. (1979). The theory of the state, class struggle and the rule of Law. In B. Fine, R. Kinsey, J. Lea, S. Picciotto & J. Young (Eds.), Capitalism and the rule of law (pp. 164-177). London : Hutchinson.
ESPING-ANDERSON, G., FRIEDLAND, R. & WRIGRHT, E.O. (1976). Modes of class struggle and the capitalism state. Kapitalistate, 4-5, 186-220.
CLARKE, S. (1983). State, class struggle and the reproduction of capital. Kapitalistate, 10-11, 113-133. [PDF] + [PDF]
HOLLOWAY, J. (1988). The great bear, post-fordism and class struggle. Capital & Class, 36, 93-104.
CLARKE S. (2001). The globalisation of capital, crisis and class struggle. Capital & Class, 75, 93-101. [PDF]

Voir aussi Conflit, Prolétariat, Classe et Bourgeoisie.
Classe statistique : En statistique, intervalle utilisé pour regrouper les données d'une variable quantitative continue ou discrète.
 
GILLES, A. (1984). Éléments de méthodologie et d'analyse statistique pour les sciences sociales. St-Laurent : Mcgraw-Hill Éditeurs.
Classer : Voir Classe. Class.
Classics in the History of Psychology : Site scientifique de type dépôt conçu par Green, qui offre les articles d'auteurs classiques en psychologie.
 
Classification : Ensemble de critères qui permettent de distinguer et de nommer les variations d'un phénomène. Classification.
 
Types de classification
Classification des espèces Classification des maladies mentales/DSM-IV Classification des maladies mentales/ CIM-10
 
   
ALLPORT, F.H. & ALLPORT, G. (1921). Personality traits : their classification and measurement. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 16, 6-40. [LIRE] YARUSS, J.S. (1998). Describing the consequences of disorders : stuttering and the international classification of Impairments, disabilities and handicaps. Journal of Speech Language & Hearing Research, 41 (2), 249-257.
SCHOENFELD, W.N., CUMMING, W.W. & HEARST, E. (1956). On the classification of reinforcement schedules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 42, 563-570. [PDF] HODGES, J.R. & WARLOW, C.P. (1990). Syndromes of transient amnesia : towards a classification. A study of 153 cases. Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 53, 834-843. [PDF]
KANFER, F.H. & SASLOW, G. (1965). Behavioral analysis : An alternative to diagnostic classification. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 529-538. TAYLOR, M.A. & FINK, M. (2003). Catatonia in psychiatric classification : A home of its own. American. Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1233-1241.[PDF]
SROUFE, L. (1985). Attachment classification from the perspective of infant-caregiver relationships and infant temperament. Child Development, 56, 1-14. PARDO, P.J., GEORGOPOULOS, A.P., KENNY, J.T., STUVE, T.A., FINDLING, R.L. & SCHULZ, C.S. (2006). Classification of adolescent psychotic disorders using linear discriminant analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 87 (1-3), 297-306.
RICHTERS, J.E., WATERS, E. & VAUGHN, B.E. (1988). Empirical classification of infant-mother relationships from interactive behavior and crying during reunion. Child Development, 59, 512-522. PRAUSE, N. & GRAHAM, C.A. (2007). Asexuality : Classification and characterization. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 341-356.
HODGES, J.R. & WARD, C.D. (1989). Observations during transient global amnesia. A behavioural and neuropsychological study of five cases. Brain, 112 (3), 595-620. CHERNEY, I.D. & DEMPSEY, J. (2010). Young children's classification, stereotyping, and play behavior for gender neutral and ambiguous toys. Journal of Educational Psychology, 30 (6), 651-669.
 
Voir aussi Classer
Classification des espèces : Voir Rang taxinomique. Taxonomic rank.
Classification des maladies mentales : Voir DSM-IV et CIM-10.
Classiques des sciences sociales (Les...) : Site scientifique québécois de dépôt de sources scientifiques en sciences sociales.
Claus Carl Friedrich Wilhelm (1835-1899) : Zoologiste allemand, spécialisé dans l'étude des mollusques. Professeur de Freud.
Claustrophobie : Claustrophobe : Voir Phobie (Claustro). Claustrophobia.
Claustrum : Mince couche de substance grise située près du putamen, symétriquement à gauche et à droite du cerveau. Claustrum
 
CHACHICH, M.E. & POWELL, D.A. (2004). The role of claustrum in Pavlovian heart rate conditioning in the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus): anatomical, electrophysiological, and lesion studies. Behavioral Neuroscience, 118 (3), 514-525.
CRICK, F.C. & KOCH, C. (2005). What is the function of the claustrum ? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences, 360 (1458), 1271-1279.
Clay Marie M. (Wellington 1926-2007 Auckland) : Psychologue nouvelle-zélandaise, spécialisée dans l'étude de la lecture et de la littéracie.
CLAY, M.M. (1967). The reading behaviour of five year old children : a research report. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 2 (1), 11-31.
CLAY, M.M. (1979). An observation survey of early literacy achievement. Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann.
CLAY, M.M. (1985). Engaging with the school system : A study of interaction in new entrant classrooms. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 22 (1), 20-38.
CLAY, M.M. (1991). Becoming literate : The construction of inner control. Portsmouth, NH : Heinemann.
CLAY, M.M. (1997). The development of literacy learning difficulties. In D. Corson (Ed.), Encyclopaedia of language and education (Vol. 2). Literacy. Dordrecht, Netherlands : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
 
PINNELL, G.S. & FOUNTAS, I.C. (2015). Contributions of the works of Marie Clay to guided reading instruction. Journal of Reading Recovery, 24-27. [PDF]
Clayson/Clayton
Dennis E. Clayson Michael C. Clayton Russell Clayton

Nicola S. Clayton Viviane Clayton
 
Clayson Dennis E. ( ) : Spécialiste américain de l'évaluation de l'enseignement.
CLAYSON, D.E. (1989). Halo effects in student evaluation of faculty : A question of validity. Marketing : Positioning for the 1990's. Proceedings of the Southern Marketing Association, 2721-275.
CLAYSON, D.E. & HALEY, D.A. (1990). Student evaluations in marketing : What is actually being measured ? Journal of Marketing Education, 12 (1), 9-17. [PDF]
CLAYSON, D.E. (1999). Student's evaluation of teaching effectiveness : Some implications of stability. Journal of Marketing Education, 21 (1), 68-75. [PDF]
CLAYSON, D.E. & SHEFFRET, M.J. (2006). Personality and the student evaluation of teaching. Journal of Marketing Education, 28 (2), 149-160.
CLAYSON, D.E. (2009). Student evaluations of teaching : Are they related to what students learn ? A meta-analysis and review of the literature. Journal of Marketing Education, 31 (1), 348-358. [PDF]
Clayton Michael C. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'analyse fonctionnelle du comportement, notamment le port de la ceinture de sécurité. Collaborateur de Hayes.
CLAYTON, M.C., HAYES, L. & SWAIN, M.A. (2005). Scientific system building : The case of interbehaviorism. The Psychological Record, 55, 335-359.
CLAYTON, M.C. (2006). Self-management contingencies. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 7 (2), 143-145.
CLAYTON, M.C., HELMS, B. & SIMPSON, C. (2006). Active prompting to decrease cell phone use and increase seat belt use while driving. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (3), 341-349. [PDF]
CLAYTON, M.C. & HAYES, L. (2007). Using stimulus equivalence to demonstrate pre-existing linguistic relations : A systematic replication and extension. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 33 (2), 225-238. [PDF]
CLAYTON, M.C. & HELMS, B. (2009). Increasing seat belt use on a college campus : An evaluation of two prompting procedures. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42 (1), 161-164. [PDF]
Clayton Nicola S. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste anglaise et spécialiste de l'étude de la cognition animale. = Nicky. Collaborateur de Call, Dickinson et Emery.
CLAYTON, N.S. (1998). Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays. Nature, 395, 272-278.
CLAYTON, N.S., YU, K.S. & DICKINSON, A. (2001). Scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) form integrated memories of the multiple features of caching episodes. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 27 (1), 17-29.
CLAYTON, N.S., BUSSEY, T.J. & DICKINSON, A. (2003). Can animals recall the past and plan for the future ? Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 4, (8), 685-691. [PDF]
CLAYTON, N.S., CORREIA, S.P.C., RABY, C.R., LEXIS, D.M., EMERY, N.J. & DICKINSON, A. (2008). In defense of animal foresight. Animal Behaviour, 76, e1-e3.
CLAYTON, N.S. & DICKINSON, A. (2010). Can animals recall the past and plan for the future ? (pp 432-442). [PDF]
Clayton Russell Brent ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de la communication, notammet sur les réseaux sociaux. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'infidélité, la réactance et au comportement de fumer.
CLAYTON, R.B., OSBORNE, R.E., MILLER, B.K. & OBERLE, C.E. (2013). Loneliness, anxiousness, and substance use as predictors of Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 29 (3), 687-693. 

CLAYTON, R.B., NAGURNEY, A. & SMITH, J. (2013). Cheating, breakup, and divorce : Is Facebook use to blame ? Cyberpsychology, Behavior, & Social Networking, 16 (10), 717-720.
CLAYTON, R.B. (2014). The third wheel : The impact of Twitter use on relationship infidelity and divorce. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, & Social Networking, 17 (7), 425–430.
CLAYTON, R.B., LESHNER, G., TOMKO, R.L., TRULL, T.J. & PIASECKI, T.M. (2017). Countering craving with disgust images : Examining nicotine withdrawn smokers’ motivated message processing of anti-tobacco public service announcements. Journal of Health Communication, 22 (3), 254–261. [PDF]
CLAYTON, R.B., COMPTON, J., REYNOLDS-TYLUS, T., NEUMANN, D. & PARK, J. (2023). Revisiting the effects of an inoculation treatment on psychological reactance : A conceptual replication and extension with self-report and psychophysiological measures. Human Communication Research, 49 (1), 104-111.
Clayton Viviane ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de la sagesse. Collaboratrice de Birren et Overton.
CLAYTON, V. (1975). Erikson'stheory ofhuman development as it applies to the aged : Wisdom as contradictory cognition. Human Development, 18 (1-2), 119-128.
CLAYTON, V. & OVERTON, W.F. (1976). Concrete and formal operational thought processes in young adulthood and old age. Aging & Human Development, 7, 195-203.
CLAYTON, V. & BIRREN, J.E. (1980). The development of wisdom across the life-span : A reexamination of an ancient topic. In P.B. Baltes & O.G. Brim (Eds.), Life- span development and behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 103-135). New York : Academic Press.
CLAYTON, V. (1982). Wisdom and intelligence : The nature and function of knowledge in the later years. International. Journal of Aging and Development, 15 (4), 315-321.
CLAYTON, V. (2008). The older and wiser hypothesis. In T. Ferris (Ed.), The best science writing (pp. 222-243). Ecco.
Clé : Clef de conditionnement : Voir Picorer un disque (pigeon) ou Presser un levier (rat). Pecking, key pecking, pecking a key, lever pressing, bar-pressing.
Clearfield Melissa Wechsler ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste du développement cognitif et moteur de l'enfant.
CLEARFIELD, M.W. & MIX, K.S. (1999). Number versus contour length in infants’ discrimination of small visual sets. Psychological Science, 10 (5), 408-411. [PDF]
CLEARFIELD, M.W. (2004). The role of crawling and walking experience in infant spatial memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 89 (3), 214-241. [PDF]
CLEARFIELD, M.W. & NELSON, N.M. (2006). Sex differences in mothers’ speech and play behavior with 6-, 9-, and 14-month-old infants. Sex Roles, 54 (1-2), 127-137. [PDF]
CLEARFIELD, M.W. & WESTFAHL, S.M-C. (2006). Familiarization in infants’ perception of addition problems. Journal of Cognition & Development, 7 (1), 27-43.
CLEARFIELD, M.W., MULLEN, M.N. & OSBORNE, C.N. (2008). Learning by looking : Infants’ social looking behavior across the transition from crawling to walking. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 100, 297-307.
Clément Céline ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste et spécialiste de l'éducation. Elle s'intéresse notamment au trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité et à l'économie de jetons. Collaboratrice de Forget et Lattal.
CLÉMENT, C., DARCHEVILLE, J-C. & RIVIÈRE, C. (2001). Modélisations du contrôle temporel sous contingences de renforcement : Une revue de question. Acta Comportamentalia, 9, 213-250.
CLÉMENT, C., SCHWEINBERG, A.C. et STEPHAN, E. (2005). Favoriser le self-control face à la nourriture chez l'enfant grâce à l'économie de jetons. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 15, 129-133.
CLÉMENT, C., LATTAL, K.A., RIVIÈRE, V. & DARCHEVILLE, J-C. (2007). Understanding the ontogenesis of temporal regulation in infants and children : An evaluation of the procedures. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 8, 41-48.
CLÉMENT, C. (2010). Hypothèses et modèles théoriques du TDA/H: vers une approche holistique du trouble. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 20, 79-86.
CLÉMENT, C. & HAUTH-CHARLIER, S. (2015). Articulation des programmes de formation aux habiletés parentales et des interventions en milieu scolaire dans le cadre du TDA/H : vers une collaboration école-famille. Nouvelle Revue de l'Adaptation et de la Scolarisation, 68, 71-84. [PDF]
fClergé : Clergy


  FAHMY-EID, N. (1994). Le clergé et le pouvoir politique au Québec : une analyse de l'idéologie ultramontaine au milieu du XIXe siècle. Montréal : Hurtubise HMH.
Voir aussi Religion et Église
Client : Cliente : Clientèle : Le sens de ce terme varie légèrement selon le contexte : a) En économie, le le client est tout individu qui consomme les biens et services offerts par une entreprise. = consommateur. b) En psychologie, terme proposé pour remplacer les termes "patient et malade" chez ceux qui critiquent le modèle médico-psychiatrique, et sa conception de la maladie, notamment les humanistes qui considérent la thérapie comme un service. = personne. *patient. Client.
   
a


Voir aussi Consommateur
b
SHERRARD, P.A.D. & BATSON, C.D. (1979). Client and counselor perception of the client’s problem : An analysis of initial assessment based on attribution theory. Journal of College Student Personnel, 20, 14-23. DUMONT, F. & CORSINI, R.J. (2000). Six therapists and one client. New York : Springer.
LINEHAN, M.M. & LAFFAW, J.A. (1982). Suicidal behaviors among clients at an outpatient psychology clinic vs. the general population. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 12, 234-239.
GLENN, S.S. (1983). Maladaptive functional relations in client verbal behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 6, 47-56. [PDF] McDOUGALL, C. (2002). Rogers’s Person-Centered Approach : Consideration for use in multicultural counseling. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 42, 48-65.
ZETTLE, R.D. & HAYES, S.C. (1986). Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior : The context of reason giving. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 45, 438-445. [PDF] KIHLSTROM, J.F. (2005). "Patients" and "clients". APS Observer, 18 (9), 6.
ELLIOT, R.K. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1992). Client and therapist as analysts of significant events. In S.G. Toukmanian and D.L. Rennie (Eds.), Psychotherapeutic change : Theory-guided and descriptive research strategies (pp 163-186). Newbury Park, CA : Sage.
MACRAN, S., ROSS, H., HARDY, G.E. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1999). The importance of considering clients' perspectives in psychotherapy research. Journal of Mental Health, 8, 325-337.  

Voir aussi Patient et Humaniste
fClientélisme : Tendance plus ou moins marquée des gouvernements à favoriser de manière injustifiée les intérêts particuliers de certains groupes d'individus (gens d'affaires, syndicats, groupe de pression, groupe ethnique, etc.) au détriment de l'ensemble de la population d'un pays, d'un territoire. Clientélisme, populisme et népotisme.
   
Voir aussi Gouvernement et Népotisme
Clignement de la paupière : Voir Nictation et Yeux. Blinking, eye blink, Eyeblink classical conditioning, eyelid response, eyelink response, nictitating membrane response, nictitating membrane responses.
Climat : Voir Réchauffement climatique. Global warming, global environmental change, climate change, climatic warmth.
Clinical Case Studies : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique. Éditeur : Sage.
KOHN, C.S. & ANTONOCCIO, D.O. (2002). Treatment of kleptomania using cognitive and behavioral strategies. Clinical Case Studies, 1, 25-38.
 
Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique et de psychiatrie. Éditeur : Sage.
DUNFORD, E., GAUNTLETT-GILBERT, J. & THOMPSON, M. (2014). Parental behaviour in pediatric chronic pain : A qualitative observational study. Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 19 (4), 561-575.
Clinical Gerontologist (The) : Revue scientifique de gérontologie clinique. Éditeur : Taylor & Francis.
CURYTO, K.J., ChHAPLESKI, E.E., LICHTENBERG, P.A., HODGES, E. & YOUNGBLADE, L.M. (1998). Prevalence and prediction of depression in American Indian elderly. Clinical Gerontologist, 18, 19-38.
 
Clinical Journal of Pain : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la douleur. Éditeur : Wolters Kluwer.
MORIN, C.M., GIBSON, D. & WADE, J. (1998). Self-reported sleep and mood disturbance in chronic pain patients. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 14, 311-314.
 
Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics : Revue scientifique. Éditeur : Taylor and Francis Online.
SHRIBERG, L.D., FOURAKIS, M., HALL, S.D., KARLSSON, H.B., LOHMEIER, H.L., McSWEENEY, J.L., POTTER, N.L., SCHEER-COHEN, A.R., STRAND, E.A., TILKENS, C.M. & WILSON, D.L. (2010, Extensions to the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS). Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 24 (10), 795-824. [PDF]
 
Clinical Neurology & Neurosurgery : Revue scientifique de neuropsychologie clinique. Éditeur : Elsevier.
BRUN, A., ENGLUND, B., GUSTAFSON, L., PASSANT, U., MANN. D.M.A., NEARY, D.E. & SNOWDEN, J.S. (1994). Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 57, 416-418. [PDF]
 
Clinical Neuropharmacology : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui s'intéresse aux effets des drogues sur les comportements et le cerveau.Éditeur : Wolters kluwer.
ANGST, J., SCHEIFFEGER P. & STABL, M. (1993). Efficacy of moclobemide in different patient groups : results of new subscales of the Hamilton Rating Scale. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 16 (S2), 55-62.
 
Clinical Neuropsychologist (The) : Revue scientifique de neuropsychologie clinique. Éditeur : Routledge.

  MALLOY, P., CORREIA, S., STEBBINS, G. & LAIDLAW, D.H. (2007). Neuroimaging of white matter in aging and dementia, Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21 (1), 73-109.

 
Clinical Pediatrics : Revue scientifique de pediatrie. Éditeur : Sage.
BARKLEY, R. & CUNNINGHAM, C. (1978). Do stimulant drugs improve the academic performance of hyperkinetic children ? A review of outcome studies. Clinical Pediatrics, 17 (1), 85-92.
 
Clinical Psychological & Psychotherapy : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique. Éditeur : Wiley.
GILBERT, P. & PROCTER, S. (2006). Compassionate mind training for people with high shame and self-criticism : overview and pilot study of a group therapy approach. Clinical Psychological & Psychotherapy, 13 (6), 353-379.
 
Clinical Psychology Review : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique. = Clin Psychol Rev. Éditeur : Elsevier.
NEZU, A.M. (1987). A problem-solving formulation of depression : A literature review and proposal of a pluralistic model. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 122-144.
 
Clinical Psychologist (The...) : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique. Éditeur : APA.
BECK, A.T., STEER, R.A. & GARBIN, M.G. (1988). Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression inventory : 25 years of evaluation. Clinical Psychologist, 8, 77-100.
 
Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique. Éditeur : Wiley.
BARLOW, D.H. (1996). The effectiveness of psychotherapy : Science and policy. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 3 (3), 236-240.
 
Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude et au traitement de la schizophrénie et autres troubles psychotiques. éditeur : Elsevier.
BOUTROS, N.N., MUCCI, A., DIWADKAR, V. & ANDON, R. (2014). Negative symptoms in schizophrenia : A comprehensive review of electrophysiological investigations. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, 8 (1), 28-35. [PDF]
 
Clinical Social Work Journal : Revue scientifique de psychologie clinique. Éditeur : SpringlerLink.
BECKERMAN, N.L. & PASS, J. (2008). Assault : Cognitive trauma therapy with a single event trauma survivor. Clinical Social Work Journal, 36 (3), 255-263.
 
Clinical Therapeutics : Revue scientifique. Éditeur : Elsevier.
OWEN, M.J. (2005). Genomic approaches to schizophrenia. Clinical Therapeutics, 27 (S), 2-7.
 
Clinical Trials : Revue scientifique de méthodologie et de recherche biomédicale. Éditeur : Sage.
CALIFF, R.M. (2023). Now is the time to fix the evidence generation system. Clinical Trials, 20 (1), 3-12.
 
Clinique : Clinicien : Voir Thérapeute/Thérapie.
Cliqueur : Petit instrument, inventé par Breland et Breland, qui produit un son distinctif (cliquetis) qui permet d'entraîner un animal, notamment les chiens. Par conditionnement répondant, le cliquetis est associé à de la nourriture et sert alors de renforcement secondaire. *Télévoteur. Clicker.
  KURLAND, A. (1998). Clicker training for your horse. Waltham, MA : Sunshine Books.
WILLIAMS, J.L., FRIEND, T.H., NEVILL, C.H. & ARCHER, G. (2004). The efficacy of a secondary reinforcer (clicker) during acquisition and extinction of an operant task in horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 88, 331-341.
PRYOR, K. (2005). Getting started : Clicker training for dogs. Waltham, MA : Sunshine Books.
SMITH, S.M. & DAVIS, E.S. (2007). Clicker increases resistance to extinction but does not decrease training time of a simple operant task in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 110, 318-329. [PDF]

Voir aussi Breland, Breland et Animal Behavior Enterprises
Cliqueur électronique : Voir Télévoteur. Clicker, electronic quizz system, student response systems (SRS), audience response system, electronic-keypad responses, voting machine.
Clitoris : Clitoris, femme et orgasme féminin. Clitoris.
 
SHERMAN, P.W. (1989). The clitoris debate and the levels of analysis. Animal Behaviour, 37, 697-698.
SIK YING YO, P. & TAT TSANG, A. (2005). Beyond the vagina-clitoris debate : From naming the genitals to reclaiming the woman's body Author links open overlay panel. Women's Studies International Forum, 28 (6), 523-534.

Voir aussi Femme et Orgasme féminin
Clivage : Division. Cleavage.
 
Formes de clivage
Clivage politique Clivage de l'objet Clivage du moi
 
Clivage (politique) : Division idéologique ou stratégique au sein d'un groupe, d'un parti politique. = dissension interne, guerre intestine, division politique. Political cleavage.
 
ZUCKERMAN, A.S. (1975). Political cleavage : A conceptual and theoretical analysis. British Journal of Political Science, 5, 231-248.
ZUCKERMAN, A.S. (1982). New approaches to political cleavage : A theoretical introduction. Political Studies, 15, 131-144.
WHITEFIELD, S. (2002). Political cleavages and post-communist politics. Annual Review of Political Science, 5, 181-200. [PDF]
OLIVER, J.E. & WOOD, T.J. (2018). Enchanted America : How intuition and reason divide our politics. The University of Chicago Press.
Clivage de l'objet : En psychanalyse, notamment chez Klein, mécanisme de défense qui consiste à scinder en deux un objet - le bon objet et le mauvais objet - qui a été investi d'une pulsion à la fois érotique et destructive, donc générateur d'angoisse.
 
LAPLANCHE, J. et PONTALIS, J.B. (1967/1998). Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
Clivage du moi : En psychanalyse, notamment chez Klein, coexistence au sein du moi de deux tendances contradictoires, l'une tenant compte de la réalité, l'autre la déniant. Splitting.
 
GOLDBERG, A. (1999). Being of two minds : The vertical split in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. Hillsdale, NJ : The Analytic Press.
HINSHELWOOD, R.D. (2008). Repression and splitting : Towards a method of conceptual comparison. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 89 (3), 503-521. [PDF]
PANIAGUA, C. (2009). On : Repression and splitting: Towards a method of conceptual comparison. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 90 (2), 381-382.
LAPLANCHE, J. et PONTALIS, J.B. (1967/1998). Vocabulaire de la psychanalyse. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
Cloitre Marylene ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de l'étude du stress, notamment du trouble du stress post-traumatique. Collaborateur de Brewin, Bryant et Neria.
CLOITRE, M. (2000). Maximizing treatment outcome in post-traumatic stress disorder by combining psychotherapy with pharmacotherapy. Current Psychiatry Reports, 2, 335-340.
CLOITRE, M., CHASE STOVALL-MCCLOUGH, K., REGINA, M. & CHEMTOB, C.M. (2004). Therapeutic alliance, negative mood regulation, and treatment outcome in child abuse- related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 72, 411-416.
CLOITRE, M., STOLBACH, B.C., HERMAN, J.L., KOLK, B., PYNOOS, R., WANG, J. & PETKOVA, E.A. (2009). developmental approach to complex PTSD : Childhood and adult cumulative trauma as predictors of symptom complexity. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22 (5), 399-408
CLOITRE, M., COURTOIS, A., CHARUVASTRA, R., CARAPEZZA, B.C., STOLBACH B.C. & GREEN, B.L. (2011). Treatment of complex PTSD : Results of the ISTSS expert clinician survey on best practices. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24 (6), 615-627.
CLOITRE, M., GARVERT, D.W., BREWIN, C.R., BRYANT, R.A. & MAERCKER, A. (2021). Evidence for proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD : A latent profile analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4 (1), 20706
Clomipramine : Antidépresseur trycyclique. Clomipramine, chlomipramine.
   
ASBERG, M., RINGBERGER, V.A., SJOQVIST, F., THORN, P., TRASKMAN, L. & TUCK, J.R. (1977). Monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid and serotonin uptake inhibition during treatment with clomipramine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 21, 201-207. FALLON, B.A., LIEBOWITZ, M.R., CAMPEAS, R., SCHNEIER, F.R., MARSHALL, R., DAVIES, S., GOETZ, D. & KLEIN, D.F. (1998). Intravenous clomipramine for OCD refractory to oral clomipramine : a controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 918-924.
MARKS, I.M., STERN, R.S. & MAWSON, D., COBB, J. & McDONALD, R. (1980). Clomipramine and exposure for obsessive-compulsive rituals. British Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 1-25. PODBERSCEK, Y., HSU, Y. & SERPELL, J.A. (1999). Evaluation of clomipramine as an adjunct to behavioural therapy in the treatment of separation-related problems in dogs. The Veterinary Record, 145, 365-369. [PDF]
SWEDO, S.E., LEONARD, H.L., RAPOPORT, J.L., LENANE, M.C., GOLDBERGER, E.L. & CHESLOW, D.L. (1989). A double-blind comparison of clomipramine and despramine in the treatment of trichotillomania (hair pulling). New England Journal of Medicine, 21, 497-501. NINAN, P.T., ROTHBAUM, B.O., MARSTELLER, F.A., KNIGHT, B.T. & ECCARD, M.B. (2000). A placebo-controlled trial of cognitive- behavioral therapy and clomipramine in trichotillomania. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 61, 47-50.
POLLARD, C.A., IBE, I.O., KROJANKER, D.N., KITCHEN, A.D., BRONSON, S.S., FLYNN, T.M. (1991). Clomipramine treatment of trichotillomania : a follow-up report on four cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 52, 128-130.
HOLLANDER, E., FRENKEL, M., DECARIA, C., TRUNGOLD, S. & STEIN, D. (1992). Treatment of pathological gambling with chlomipramine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 710-711. PODBERSCEK, Y., SERPELL, J.A. & HSU, Y. (2000). Clomipramine and behavioural therapy in the treatment of separation-related problems in dogs. The Veterinary Record, 146, 111-112.
WINGERSON, D., NGUYEN, C. & ROY-BYRNE, P.P. (1992). Chlomipramine treatment for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12 (3), 214-215.
SUNDBLAD, C., HEDBERG, M.A. & ERICKSSON, E. (1993). Clomipramine administered during the luteal phase reduces the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome : a placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology, 9, 133-145. SEKSEL, K. & LINDEMAN, M.J. (2001). Use of clomipramine in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, separation anxiety and noise phobia in dogs : a preliminary, clinical study. Australian Veterinary Journal. 79 (4), 252-256.
PAPP, L.A., SCHNEIER, F.R., FYER, A.J., LEIBOWITZ, M.R., GORMAN, J.M., COPLAN, J.D., CAMPEAS, R., FALLON, B.A. & KLEIN, D.F. (1997). Clomipramine treatment of panic disorder : pros and cons. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58 (10), 423-425. ANDERSON, K.G. & WOOLVERTON, W.L. (2005). Effects of clomipramine on self-control choice in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 80, 387-393.

Voir aussi Antidépresseur trycyclique
Cloner : Clonage : Cloning.
 
MAIENSCHEIN, J. (2001). On cloning : Advocating history of biology in the public interest. Journal of the History of Biology, 34, 423-432
Clonidine : Médicament utilisé notamment dans le traitement du trouble du déficit de l'attention, de l'insomnie et du syndrome de Gille de la Tourette, qui diminue la sécrétion d'adrénaline et de noradrénaline dans la fente synaptique.
 
GAFFNEY, G.R., PERRY, P.J., LUND, B.C., BEVER-STILLE, K., ARNDT, S. & KUPERMAN, S. (2002). Risperidone versus Clonidine in the treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette's syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41 (3), 33033-33036.
Cloninger C. Robert ( ) : Psychiatre américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la personnalité, de la schizophrénie et de l'anxiété.
CLONINGER, C.R. (1986). A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. Psychiatric Developments, 3, 167-226.
CLONINGER, C.R. (1987). A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 573-588.
CLONINGER, C.R., SVRAKIC, D.M. & PRZYBECK, T.R. (1993). Psychobiological model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 975-990.
CLONINGER, C.R., BAYON, C. & SVARIK, D.M. (1998). Measurement of temperament and character in mood disorders : A model of fundamental states as personality types. Journal of Affective Disorder, 51, 21-32.
CLONINGER, C.R. (2000). Biology of personality dimensions. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 13, 611-616.
Clore Gerald L. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'attraction et des émotions. Étudiant de Bower et Byrne. Collaborateur de Friedman, Ortony et Rubin.
CLORE, G.L. & BALDRIDGE, B. (1968). Interpersonal attraction : The role of agreement and topic interest. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 9, 340-346.
CLORE, G.L. & BALDRIDGE, B. (1970). The behavior of item weights in attitude-attraction research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 6, 177-186.
CLORE, G.L., WIGGINS, N. & ITKIN, S. (1975). Judging attraction from nonverbal behavior : The gain phenomenon. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 43, 491-497.
CLORE, G.L. & HUNTSINGER, J.R. (2007). How emotions inform judgment and regulate thought. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11 (9), 393-399.
CLORE, G.L. & ORTONY, A. (2013). Psychological construction in the OCC model of emotion. Emotion Review, 5 (4), 335-343. [PDF]
Clough Sharyn ( ) : Philosophe et féministe américaine.
CLOUGH, S. (2003). What is menstruation for ? On the projectibility of functional predicates in menstruation research. Studies in the History & Philosophy of the Biological & Biomedical Sciences 33 (4), 719-732.
CLOUGH, S. (2003). Beyond epistemology : A pragmatist approach to feminist science studies. Lanham, MD : Rowman and Littlefield.
CLOUGH, S. (2008). Solomon's empirical/non-empirical distinction and the proper place of values in science. Perspectives in Science, 16, 265-279.
CLOUGH, S. (2011). Radical interpretation, feminism, and science. In J. Malpas (Ed.), Dialogues with Davidson (pp. 405-426). Boston, MA : MIT Press.
ALLEN, P. & CLOUGH, S. (2014). Philosophical commitments, empirical evidence, and theoretical psychology. Theory & Psychology, 25 (1), 3-24. [PDF]
Cloutier
Richard Cloutier Renée Cloutier
 
Cloutier Richard ( ) : Psychologue québécois, spécialiste de la psychologie du développement (enfance et adolescence) et professeur à l'Université Laval. Il s'intéresse notamment au divorce et à la séparation des parents.
CLOUTIER, R. et RENAUD, A. (1990). Psychologie de l'enfant. Boucherville : Gaëtan Morin.
CLOUTIER, R. (1995). L'image des adolescents rongée par les mythes. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 16 (3), 89-107.
CLOUTIER, R. (1996). Psychologie de l'adolescence. Boucherville : Gaëtan Morin
CLOUTIER, R. et BOUCHARD, P. (2001). Faut-il abolir la mixité à l'école. Relations, 672, 30-31.
CLOUTIER, R. (2003). La réussite scolaire des garçons, un défi à multiples facettes. Vie Pédagogique, 127, 9-13.
Cloutier Renée ( ) : Sociologue et féministe québécoise, spécialisée dans l'étude des stratégies d'insertion professionnelle. Collaboratrice de Bouchard.
TROTTIER, C., CLOUTIER, R. & LAFORCE, L. (1996). Vocational integration of university graduates : Typology and multivariate analysis. International Sociology, 1 (1), 93-111.
BOUCHARD, P., CLOUTIER, R. et HAMEL, T. (1996). La recherche féministe en éducation. Dans H. Dagenais (Dir.), Science, conscience et action, 25 ans de recherche féministe au Québec (p. 149-182). Montréal : Les Éditions du remue-ménage.
CLOUTIER, R. (1997). Les femmes à l'université : leurs acquis sont fragiles. Dans P. Chenard (Dir.), L'évolution de la population étudiante à l'université. Facteurs explicatifs et enjeux (p. 88-103). Sainte-Foy : Presses de l'Université du Québec.
CLOUTIER, R. et PERRON, D. (1997). L'insertion professionnelle des finissantes et des finissants du Conservatoire de musique du Québec. La revue Canadienne d'Enseignement Supérieur, 27 (1), 69-104.
CLOUTIER, R., TROTTIER, C. et LAFORCE, L. (1998). Les projets de vie et l'insertion professionnelle de femmes et d'hommes titulaires d'un baccalauréat. Recherches Féministes, 11 (1), 111-132.
Clozapine : Neuroleptique atypique. Clozapine et schizophrénie. = Clozaril.
   
IDÄNPÄÄN-HEIKKILÄ J, ALHAVA E. & OLKINUORA M. (1975). Clozapine and agranulocytosis. Lancet, 2, 611. MOBINI, S., CHIANG, T.-J., HO, M.-Y., BRADSHAW, C.M. & SZABADI, E. (2000). Comparison of the effects of clozapine, haloperidol, chlorpromazine and d-amphetamine on performance on a time-constrained progressive-ratio schedule and locomotor behaviour in the rat. Psychopharmacology, 152, 47-54.
SPEALMAN, R.D. & KATZ, J.L. (1980). Some effects of clozapine on punished responding by mice and squirrel monkeys. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 212, 435-440. SEEMAN, P. & TALLERICO, T. (1999). Rapid release of antipsychotic drugs from dopamine D2 receptors : An explanation for low receptor occupancy and early clinical relapse upon withdrawal of clozapine or quetiapine. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 876-884. [PDF]
HIPPIUS, H. (1989). The history of clozapine. Psychopharmacology, 99, 3-5. HARPER, D.N. (1999). Behavioral resistance to haloperidol and clozapine. Behavioural Processes, 46, 1-13.
BUCHANAN, R.W., HOLSTEIN, C. & BREIR, A. (1994). The comparative efficacy and long-term effect of clozapine treatment on neuropsychological test performance. Biological Psychiatry, 36, 717-725. MONCRIEFF, J. (2003). Clozapine vs conventional antipsychotic drugs for treatment-resistant schizophrenia : a re-examination. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 161-166.
MELTZER, H.Y. (1995). Clozapine : is another view valid ? American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 821-823. McEVOY J, LIEBERMAN, J., STROUP, T., DAVIS, S., MELTZER, H., ROSENHECK, R., SWARTZ, M., PERKNS, D., KEEFE, R., DAVIS, C., SEVERE, J. & HSIAO, J. (2006). Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 600-610.
HAMNER, M.B. (1996). Clozapine treatment for a veteran with comorbid psychosis and PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 841. CRILLY, J. (2007). The history of clozapine and its emergence in the US market a review and analysis. History of Psychiatry, 18, 39-60.
ESSALI, A., REZK, E., WAHLBECK K. & CHEINE, M. (1997). Review : clozapine reduces relapse and symptoms compared with typical neuroleptic drugs in schizophrenia. Evidenced-Based Medicine, 2, 182. KLUGE, M., SCHULD, A., HIMMERICH, H., DALAL, M., SCHACHT, A., WEHMEIER, P.M., HINZE-SELCH, D., KRAUS, T., DITTMANN, R.W. & POLLMÄCHER, T. (2007). Clozapine and olanzapine are associated with food craving and binge eating: results from a randomized double-blind study. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27 (6), 662-666.
WAHLBECK, K., CHEINE, M., ESSALI, A. & ADAMS, C. (1999). Evidence of clozapine effectiveness in schizophrenia : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 990-999. SINGH, A.N., MATSON, J.L., HILL, B.D., PELLA, R.D., COOPER, C. & ADKINS, A.D. (2010). The use of clozapine among individuals with intellectual disability : A review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 1135-1141.
SEEMAN, P. & TALLERICO, T. (1999). Rapid release of antipsychotic drugs from dopamine D2 receptors : An explanation for low receptor occupancy and early clinical relapse upon drug withdrawal of clozapine or quetiapine. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 876-884.
VOLAVKA, J. (1999). The effects of clozapine on aggression and substance abuse in schizophrenic patients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 60 (S12), 43-46.
WAHLBECK, K., CHEINE, M. & ESSALI, A. (1999). Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. - DOI: 10.1002/ 14651858.CD000059

Voir aussi Schizophrénie et Neuroleptique
CLSC : Au Québec, centre local de santé communautaire qui dispense des services en santé (physyque et mentale).
 
BRUNET, J. (1987). Rapport du comité de réflexions et d'analyse des services dispensés par les CLSC. Québec : Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux.
BOURQUE, D. (1988). La mise au pas tranquille des CLSC. Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales, 1 (1), 43-58.
GAUMER, B. et DESROSIERS, G. (2004). L'Histoire des CLSC au Québec : reflet des contradictions et des luttes à l'intérieur du Réseau. Ruptures : Revue Transdisciplinaire en Santé, l0 (1), 52-70.
PELCHAT, Y., MALENFANT, R., CÔTÉ, N. et BRADETTE, J. (2004). La pratique de l'intervention sociale et psychosociale en CLSC. Identités et légitimités professionnellesen transformation : Rapport derecherche. Québec : RIPOST, CLSC Haute-Ville-Des-Rivières, centre affilié universitaire.
GAUMER, B. (2008). Le système de santé et des services sociaux au Québec, Une histoire récente et tourmentée : 1921-2006. Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval.
Club de Rome : Club of Rome.
   
MEADOWS, D.H., MEADOWS, D.L., RANDERS, J. & BEHRENS, W.W. (1972). The limits to growth : a report for the Club of Rome's project on the predicament of mankind. New York : Universe Books.
MEADOWS, D.L., MEADOWS, D.H., RANDERS, J. & BEHRENS, W.W. (1972). The limits to growth : A report for the Club of Rome's project on the predicament of mankind. [PDF]

Voir aussi Pollution, Développement durable et Population
 
Clutton-Brock Tim H. ( ) : Éthologiste et zoologiste britannique, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dominance sociale, notamment chez le cerf. Collaborateur de Parker.
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H., ALBON, S.D. & GUINESS, F.E. (1986). Great expectations : dominance, breeding success and offspring sex ratios in red deer. Animal Behaviour, 34, 460-471. [PDF]
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H. & LONERGAN, M. (1994). Culling regimes and sex ratio biases in highland red deer. Journal of Applied Ecology, 31, 521-527. [PDF]
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H. & PARKER, G.A. (1995). Punishment in animal societies. Nature, 373, 209-216. [PDF]
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H. (1998). Reproductive skew, concessions and limited control. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 13, 288-292.
CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H. (2009). Cooperation between non-kin in animal societies. Nature Reviews, 46 (2), 51-57. [PDF]
CL - COBAYE - COCAÏNE - COCHRAN - CODAGE COGNITIF - CODE - COEFFICIENT - COERCITION - COEUR - COÉVOLUTION - COG
Co : Préfixe qui renvoie à «la coexistence ou réunion d'au moins deux choses».
 
Co-
Coalition Coévaluation Coïncidence
Cocitation Cohérence Collaborer/Coopérer
 
Coalition : Alliance, souvent temporaire, entre au moins deux individus ou partis politiques dans le but d'augmenter leurs ressources individuelles, de faire élire plus de députés et, dans certains cas, de prendre le pouvoir. Coalition et coopération. Coalition.
 
CONNOR, R.C., SMOLKER, R.A. & RICHARDS, A.F. (1992). Aggressive herding of females by coalitions of male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). In A.H Harcourt & F.B.M. de Waal (Eds.), Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals (pp. 415-443). Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Cobain Kurt : Chanteur américain et membre fondateur du groupe grunge Nirvana. Utilisé comme exemple de syllogisme par l'auteur de ce site pour remplacer les *&&?%$#"* d'exemples du genre Tous les cygnes sont blancs et Tous les hommes sont immortels. EX: Tous les rockeurs sont immortels, Kurt Cobain est un rockeur, donc...

Cobaye : Petit rongeur utilisé dans les recherches expérimentales en psychologie et en médecine. NDLR : Ce terme ne devrait pas être utilisé lorsque les sujets d'une expérience sont humains. Lui préférer le mot «participant». *participant.
   
REY, A. (1936). Les conduites conditionnées du cobaye. Archives de Psychologie, 25, 217-312.
BURNIE, D. (Dir.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi.
Cocaïne : Drogue de la famille des stimulants. La cocaïne est un renforcement primaire. Cocaïne, sévrage et dépendance aux drogues. Cocaine.
   
GOLDBERG, S.R., HOFFMEISTER, F., SCHLICHTING, U.U. & WUTTKE, W.A. (1971). Comparison of pentobarbital and cocaine self-administration in rhesus monkeys : Effects of dose and fixed-ratio parameter. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 179, 277-283. BRANCH, M.N., WILHEM, M.J. & PINKSTON, J.W. (2000). Comparison of fixed and variable doses of cocaine in producing and augmenting tolerance to its effects on schedule-controlled behavior. Behavioural Pharmacology, 11, 555-569.
GOLDBERG, S.R. (1973). Comparable behavior maintained under fixed-ratio and second-order schedules of food presentation, cocaine injection or d-amphetamine injection in the squirrel monkey. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 186, 18-30. DALLERY, J., SILVERMAN, K., CHUTUAPE, M.A., BIGELOW, G.E. & STITZER, M.L. (2001). Voucher-based reinforcement of opiate plus cocaine abstinence in treatment-resistant methadone patients : Effects of reinforcer magnitude. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9, 317-325.
WOODS, J.H. & DOWNS, D.A. (1974). Codeine- and cocaine-reinforced responding in rhesus monkeys : Effects of dose on response rates under a fixed-ratio schedule. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 191, 179-188. LU, N.T., TAYLOR, B.G. & RILEY, J.K. (2001). The validity of adult arrestee self-reports of crack cocaine use. American Journal of Drug Alcohol Abuse, 27 (3), 399-419.
IGLAUER, C. & WOODS, J.H. (1974). Concurrent performances : reinforcement by different doses of intravenous cocaine in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 22 (1), 179-196. [PDF] MOELLER, F.G., DOUGHERTY, D.M., BARRATT, E.S., SCHMITZ, M., SWANN, A.C. & GRABOWSKI, J. (2001). The impact of impulsivity on cocaine use and retention in treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 21, 193-198.
JOHANSON, C.E. & SCHUSTER, C.R. (1975). A choice procedure for drug reinforcers : Cocaine and methylphenidate in the rhesus monkey. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 193, 676-688.
SCHUSTER, C.R. (1975). Drugs as reinforcers in monkey and man. Pharmacological Reviews, 27, 511-521. AHMED, S.H., KENNY, P.J., KOOB, G.F. & MARKOU, A. (2002). Neurobiological evidence for hedonic allostasis associated with escalating cocaine use. Nature Neuroscience, 5 (7), 625-626.
LLEWLLYN, M.W., IGLAUER, C. & WOODS, J.H. (1976). Relative reinforcer magnitude under a nonindependent concurrent schedule of cocaine reinforcement in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 25 (1), 81-91. [PDF] CARELLI, R.M. (2002). Nucleus accumbens cell firing during goal-directed behaviors for cocaine vs. "natural" reinforcement. Physiology & Behavior, 76, 379-387.
GOLDBERG, S.R. & KELLEHER, R.T. (1976). Behavior controlled by scheduled injections of cocaine in squirrel and rhesus monkeys. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 25 (1), 93-104. [PDF]
JOHANSON, C.E. (1977). The effects of electric shock on responding maintained by cocaine injections in a choice procedure in the rhesus monkey. Psychopharmacology, 53 (3), 277-282. AHMED, S.H., KENNY, P.J., KOOB, G.F. & MARKOU, A. (2002). Neurobiological evidence for hedonic allostasis associated with escalating cocaine use. Nature Neuroscience, 5 (7), 625-626.
JOHANSON, C.E. & SCHUSTER, C.R. (1977). A comparison of cocaine and diethylpropion under two diferent schedules of drug presentation. In E.H. Ellinwood & M.M.Kilbey (Eds.), Cocaine and other stimulants (pp. 545-570). New York : Plenum Press. MILLER, M.L. & BRANCH, M.N. (2002). Role of dose order in the development of tolerance to effects of cocaine on schedule-controlled behavior in pigeons. Psychopharmacology, 163, 302-309.
FINKLE, F.S. & McCLOSKEY, K.L. (1977). The forensic toxicology of cocaine. In R.C. Peterson & R.C. Stillman (Eds.), Cocaine : 1977. National Institute of Drug Abuse (pp. 153-179). Research Monograph, Series 13.
AIGNER, T.G. & BALSTER, R.L. (1978). Choice behavior in rhesus monkeys : Cocaine versus food. Science, 201, 534-535.
WOOLVERTON, W.L. & TROST, R.C. (1978). Cocaine as a discriminative stimulus for responding maintained by food in squirrel monkeys. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior 8, 627-630.
SPEALMAN, R.D. (1979). Behavior maintained by termination of a schedule of self-administered cocaine. Science, 204 (4398), 1231-1233.
WOOLVERTON, W.L. & BALSTER, R.L. (1981). Effects of antipsychotic compounds in rhesus monkeys given a choice between cocaine and food. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 8, 69-78.
JOHANSON, C.E. & AIGNER, T. (1981). Comparison of the reinforcing properties of cocaine and procaine in rhesus monkeys. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 15, 49-53.
BENINGER, R.J., HANSON, D.R. & PHILLIPS, A.G. (1981). The acquisition of responding with conditioned reinforcement : Effect of cocaïne +- amphetamine and Pipraradrol. British Journal of Pharmacology, 74, 149-154. [PDF] SHALEV, U., GRIMM, J.W. & SHAHAM, Y. (2003). Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking : A review. Pharmacological Review, 54 (1), 1-42. [PDF]
ETTENBERG, A., PETTIT, H.O., BLOOM, F.E. & KOOB, G.F. (1982). Heroin and cocaine intravenous self-administration in rats : Mediation by separate neural systems. Psychopharmacology, 78, 204-209. PHILLIPS, P.E.M., STUBER, G.D., HELEN, M.L.A.V, WIGHTMAN, R.M. & CARELLI, R.M. (2003). Subsecond dopamine release promotes cocaine seeking. Nature, 422, 614-618.
GARZA, R.D. & JOHANSON, C.E. (1983).The discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine in the rhesus monkey. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 19 (1), 145-148. PINKSTON, J.W. & BRANCH, M.N. (2003). Sensitization to cocaine in pigeons : Interactions with an operant contingency. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 102-109.
WOOLVERTON, W.L. (1986). Effects of a D1 and a D2 dopamine antagonist on the self-administration of cocaine and piribedil by rhesus monkeys. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 34 531-535.
WOOLVERTON, W.L. & KLEVEN, M.S. (1988). Evidence for cocaine dependence in monkeys following a prolonged period of exposure. Psychopharmacology, 94, 288-291. KOLB, B., GORNY, G., LI, Y., SAMAHA, A-N. & ROBINSON, T.E. (2003). Amphetamine or cocaine limits the ability of later experience to promote structural plasticity in the neocortex and nucleus accumbens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 100, 10523-10528. [PDF]
THORNTON, E. (1988). Freud and cocaïne. London : Blond & Briggs.
CARROLL, M.E., LAC, S.T. & NYGAARD, S.L. (1989). A concurrently available nondrug reinforcer prevents the acquisition or decreases the maintenance of cocaine-reinforced behavior. Psychopharmacology, 97, 23-29. PERRY, J.L., LARSON, E.B., GERMAN, J.P., MADDEN, G.J. & CARROLL, M.E. (2004). Impulsivity (delay discounting) as a predictor of acquisition of i.v. cocaine self-administration in female rats. Psychopharmacology, 178, (2-3), 193-201.
KLEVEN, M.S., ANTHONY, E.W. & WOOLVERTON, W.L. (1990). Pharmacological characterization of the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 254, 312-317. MOELLER, F.G., BARRATT, E.S., FISHER, C.J., DOUGHERTY, D.M., REILLY, E.L., MATHIAS, C.W. & SWANN, A.C. (2004). P300 event-related potential amplitude and impulsivity in cocaine-dependent subjects. Neuropsychobiology, 50, 167-173.
MARKOU, A. & KOOB, G.F. (1991). Postcocaine anhedonia : An animal model of cocaine withdrawal. Neuropsychopharmacology, 4, 17-26. KEARNS, D.N. & WEISS, S.J. (2004). Sign-tracking (autoshaping) in rats : A comparison of cocaine and food as unconditioned stimuli. Learning & Behavior, 32 (4), 463-476. [PDF]
HIGGINS, S.T., DELANEY, D.D., BUDNEY, A.J., BICKEL, W.K., HUGHES, J.R., FOERG, F. & FENWICK, J.W. (1991). A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine abstinence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1218-1224. LEVENS, N. & AKINS, C.K. (2004). Chronic cocaine pretreatment facilitates Pavlovian sexual conditioning in male Japanese quail. Pharmacology, Biochemistry, & Behavior, 79, 451-457.
LOGUE, A.W., TOBIN, H., CHELONIS, J.J., WANG, R.Y., GEARY, N. & SCHACHTER, S. (1992). Cocaine decreases self-control in rats : A preliminary report. Psychopharmacology, 109, 245-247. PINKSTON, J.W. & BRANCH, M.N. (2004). Repeated post- and pre-session cocaine administration : Interactions with dose and fixed-ratio schedule. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 81, 169-188. [PDF]
STEINBERG, M.A., KOSTEN, T.A. & ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. (1992). Cocaine abuse and pathological gambling. American Journal on Addictions, 1, 121-132. YOON, J.H. & BRANCH, M.N. (2004). Interactions among unit price, fixed-ratio value, and dosing regimen in determining effects of repeated cocaine. Behavioural Processes, 30, 363-381.
SPEALMAN, R.D., BERGMAN, J., MADRAS, B.K., KAMIEN, J.B. & MELIA, K.F. (1992). Role of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the behavioral effects of cocaine. Neurochemistry International, 20 (S), 147-152.
FOLTIN, R.W. & FISHMAN, M.W. (1993). Self-administration of smoked cocaine by humans. In L. Harris (Ed.), Problems of drug dependence, 1992. Research Monograph (Vol. 132, pp. 63). Washington, DC : National Institute on Drug Abuse. MOELLER, F.G., HASAN, K.M., STEINBERG, J.L., KRAMER, L.A., DOUGHERTY, D.M., SANTOS, R.M., VALDES, I., SWANN, A.C., BARRATT, E.S. & NARAYANA, P.A. (2005). Reduced anterior corpus callosum white matter integrity is related to increased impulsivity and reduced discriminability in cocaine-dependent subjects : Diffusion tensor imaging. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 610-617.
DEPOORTERE, R.Y., LI, D.H., LANE, J.D. & EMMET-OGLESBY, M.W. (1993). Parameters of self-administration of cocaine in rats under a progressive-ratio schedule. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 45, 539–548.
BEARDSLEY, P.M. & BALSTER, R.L. (1993). The effects of delay of reinforcement and dose on the self-administration of cocaine and procaine in rhesus monkeys. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 34, 37-43. SILVERMAN, K., WONG, C.J., NEEDHAM, M., DIEMER, K.N., KNEALING, T., CRONE-TODD, D., FINGERHOOD, M., NUZZO, P. & KOLODNER, K. (2007). A randomized trial of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in injection drug users. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (3), 387-410. [PDF]
VOLKOW, N.D., FOWLER, J.S., WANG, G.-J., HITZEMANN, R., LOGAN, J., SCHLYER, D., DEWEY, S. & WOLF, A.P. (1997). Decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with reduced frontal metabolism in cocaine abusers. Synapse, 14, 169-177. CAINE, S.B., THOMSEN, M., GABRIEL, K.I. BERKOWITZ, J.S., GOLD, L.H., KOOB, G.F, TONEGAWA S., ZHANG J. & XU, M. (2007). Lack of self-administration of cocaine in dopamine D1 receptor knock-out mice. Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (48), 13140-13150. [PDF]
HIGGINS, S.T., BUDNEY, A.J., BICKEL, W.K., HUGHES, J.R., FOERG, F. & BADGER, G. (1993). Achieving cocaine abstinence with a behavioral approach. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150 (5), 763-769.
CAINE, S. & KOOB, G.F. (1993). Modulation of cocaine self-administration in the rat through D-3 dopamine receptors. Science, 260, 1814-1816. GEARY, E.H. & AKINS, C.K. (2007). Cocaine sensitization in male quail : temporal, conditioning, and dose-dependent characteristics. Physiology & Behavior, 90 (5), 818-824. [PDF]
HIGGINS, S.T., BUDNEY, A.J., BICKEL, W.K., FOERG, F.G., DONHAM, R. & BADGER, G.J. (1994). Incentives improve behavioral treatment of cocaine dependence. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 568-576. WOOLVERTON, W.L., MYERSON, J. & GREEN, L. (2007). Delay discounting of cocaine by rhesus monkeys. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 15, 238-244. [PDF]
CARELLI, R.M. & DEADWYLE, S.A. (1994). A comparison of nucleus accumbens neuronal firing patterns during cocaine self-administration and water reinforcement in rats. Journal of Neuroscience, 14 (12), 7735-7746. [PDF] SILVERMAN, K., ROBLES, E., MUDRIC, T., BIGELOW, G.E. & STITZER, M.L. (2007). A randomized trial of long-term reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in methadone maintained injection drug users. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 72, 839-854.
VOLKOW, N.D. DING, Y.S., FOWLER, J.S., WANG, GJ., LOGAN, J., GATLEY, J.S., DEWEY, S., ASHBY, C., LIEBERMANN, J. & HITZEMANN, R. (1995). Is methylphenidate like cocaine ? Studies on their pharmacokinetics and distribution in human brain. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 456-463.
VOLKOW, N.D., FOWLER, J.S. & WANG, G.J. (1995). Imaging studies on the role of dopamine in cocaine reinforcement and addiction in humans. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 13 (4), 337-345. [PDF]
SILVERMAN, K., HIGGINS, S.T., BROONER, R.K., MONTOYA, I.D., CONE, E.J., SCHUSTER, C.R. & PRESTON, K.L. (1996). Sustained cocaine abstinence in methadone maintenance patients through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53 (5), 409-415. BELIN, D., MAR, A.C., DALLEY, J.W., ROBBINS, T.W. & EVERITT, B.J. (2008). High impulsivity predicts the switch to compulsive cocaine-taking. Science, 320, 1352-1355. [PDF]
ITO, C., ONODERA, K., SAKURAI, E., SATO, M. & WATANABE, T. (1997). Effect of cocaine on the histaminergic neuron system in the rat brain. Journal of Neurochemistry, 69 (2), 875-878. PERRY, J.L., NELSON, S.E. & CARROLL, M.E. (2008). Impulsivity (delay discounting) as a predictor of acquisition and reinstatement of i.v. cocaine self-administration in male (v female) rats. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 16, 165-177.
AHMED, S.H. & KOOB, G.F. (1997). Cocaine- but not food-seeking behavior is reinstated by stress after extinction. Psychopharmacology 32, 289-295. AKINS, C.K. & GEARY, E.H. (2008). Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization and conditioning in male Japanese quail. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 88, 432-437. [PDF]
VOLKOW, N.D., WANG, G.-J., FISCHAM, M.W., FOLTIN, R.W., FOWLER, J.S., BUMRAD, N.N., VITKUN, S., LOGAN, J., GATLEY, S.J., PAPPAS, N.R., HITZEMANN, R. & SHEA, C.E. (1997). Relationship between subjective effects of cocaine and dopamine transporter occupancy. Nature, 386, 827-830. MARUSICH, J.A. & BRANCH, M.N. (2008). Differences in the behavioral time course of effects of rate-increasing and rate-decreasing doses of cocaine in pigeons. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 89, 150-159. [PDF]
ZHANG, X., SCHROTT, L.M. & SPARBER, S.B. (1998). Evidence for a serotonin-mediated effect of cocaine causing vasoconstriction and herniated umbilici in chicken embryos. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 59 (3), 585-593. JONHSON, B. (2009). A "neuropsychoanalytic" treatment of a patient with cocaine dependence. Neuropsychoanalysis 11 (2), 181-196.
HIGGINS, S.T. & KATZ, J.L. (1998). Cocaine abuse : Behavior, pharmacology, and clinical applications. Academic Press. GOLDSTEIN, R.Z., TOMASI, D., ALIA-KLEIN, N., HONORIO CARRILLO, J., MALONEY, T., WOICIK, P.A., WANG, R., TELANG, F. & VOLKOW, N.D. (2009). Dopaminergic response to drug words in cocaine addiction. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 6001-6006. [PDF]
RILEY, A.L. & DIAMOND, H.F. (1998). The effects of cocaine preexposure on the acquisition of cocaine-induced taste aversions. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 60 (3), 739-345. HIRANITA, T., SOTO, P.L., NEWMAN, A.H. & KATZ, J.L. (2009). Assessment of reinforcing effects of benztropine analogs and their effects on cocaine self-administration in rats : Comparisons with monoamine uptake inhibitors. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 329, 677-686. [PDF]
AHMED, S.H. & KOOB, G.F. (1999). Long-lasting increase in the set point for cocaine self-administration after escalation in rats. Psychopharmacology, 146, 303–312. WOOLVERTON, W.L., FREEMAN, K.B., MYERSON, J. & GREEN, L. (2012). Suppression of cocaine self-administration in monkeys : effects of delayed punishment. Psychopharmacology, 220, 509-517.
CAINE, S.B., NEGUS, S.S. & MELLO, N.K. (1999). Method for training operant responding and evaluating cocaine self- administration behavior in mutant mice. Psychopharmacology, 147, 22-24.
WOOLVERTON, W.L. & ALLING, K. (1999). Choice under concurrent VI schedules : Comparison of behavior maintained by cocaine or food. Psychopharmacology, 141, 47-56.
BRANCH, M.N., WALKER, D.J. & BRODKORD, G.W. (1999). Attenuation of cocaine-induced response-rate increases during repeated administration despite increases in rate of reinforcement. Psychopharmacology, 141, 413-420. WARLOW, S.M., ROBINSON, M.J.F. & BERRIDGE, K.C. (2017). Optogenetic central amydala stimulation intensifies and narrows motivation for cocaine. Journal of Neuroscience, 37 (35), 8330-8348. [PDF]

Voir aussi Drogue et Dépendance aux drogues
Cochon : Animal de la classe des mammifères. = porc. Pig, sow.
   
BALDWIN, B.A. & MEESE, G.B. (1977). Sensory reinforcement and illumination preference in the domesticated pig. Animal Behaviour, 25 (2), 497-507. HELD, S., MENDL, M., DEVEREUX, C. & BYRNE, R.W. (2000). Social tactics of pigs in a competitive foraging task : The informed forager paradigm. Animal Behaviour, 59, 569-576.
HEINSWORTH, P.H., BRAND, A. & WILLEMS, P.J. (1981). The behavioral response of sows to the presence of human beings and their productivity. Livestock Production Science, 8, 67-74. HELD, S., MENDL, M., DEVEREUX, C. & BYRNE, R.W. (2002). Foraging pigs alter their behavior in response to exploitation. Animal Behavior, 64, 157-165.
GRANDIN, T. (1982). Pig behavior studies applied to slaughter plant design. Applied Animal Ethology, 9, 141-151. LARSON, G., DOBNEY, K., ALBARELLA, U., FANG, M.Y., MATISOO-SMITH, E., ROBINS, J., LOWDEN, S., FINLAYSON, H., BRAND, T., WILLERSLEV, E., ROWLEY-CONWY, P., ANDERSSON, L. & COOPER, A. (2005). Worldwide phylogeography of wild boar reveals multiple centers of pig domestication. Science, 307, 1618-1621.
PETHERICK, J.C. & BLACKSHAW, J.K. (1987). A review of the factors influencing the aggressive and agonistic behaviour of the domestic pig. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 27, 605-611. LARSON, G., ALBARELLA, U., DOBNEY, K., ROWLEY-CONWY, P., SCHIBLER, J., TRESSET, A., VIGNE, J.D., EDWARDS, C.J., SCHLUMBAUM, A., DINU, A., BALACSESCU, A., DOLMAN, G., TAGLIACOZZO, A., MANSERYAN, N., MIRACLE, P., VAN WIJNGAARDEN-BAKKER, L., MASSETI, M., BRADLEY, D.G. & COOPER, A. (2007). Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104, 15276-15281.
McGLONE, J.J., AKINS, C.K. & GREEN, R.D. (1991). Genetic variation of sitting frequency and duration in pigs. Applied Animal Behavior Science, 30, 319-322. LARSON, G., LIU, R.R., ZHAO, X.B., YUAN, J., FULLER, D., BARTON, L., DOBNEY, K., FAN, Q.P., GU, Z.L., LIU, X.H., LUO, Y.B., SU, P., ANDERSSON, L. & LI, N. (2010). Patterns of East Asian pig domestication, migration, and turnover revealed by modern and ancient DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 107, 7686-7691.

Voir aussi Animal
Cochon d'Inde : Animal de la classe des mammifères. Guinea pigs.
 
MUENZINGER, K.F. (1928). Plasticity and mechanization of the problem box habit in guinea pigs. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 8, 45-69.  
WILCOX, H.H. (1951). Changes accompanying aging in the brain of guinia pigs. Journal of Gerontology, 6, 168.
KING, J.A. (1956). Social relations of the domestic guinea pig living under semi-natural conditions. Ecology, 37, 221-228. JONSON, K.M., LYLE, J.G., EDWARDS, M.J. & PENNY, R.H.C. (1975). Problems in behavioral research with the guinea pig : A selective review. Animal Behavior, 23, 632-639.
BAYARD, J. (1957). The duration of tonic immobility in guinea pigs. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 50, 130-133. BERRYMAN, J.C. (1976). Operant conditioning in nondeprived and infant guinea pigs. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 25, 400. [PDF]
GUNDY, R.F. (1959). Some techniques in operant conditioning of the guinea pig. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2, 86. PETERSEN, M.R., PROSEN, C.A., MOODY, D.B. & STEBBINS, W.C. (1977). Operant conditioning in nondeprived and infant guinea pigs. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 27 (3), 529-532. [PDF]
VALENSTEIN, E.S. (1959). The effect of reserpine on the conditioned emotional response in the guinea pig. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2, 219-225. [PDF] POLING, A. & POLING, T. (1978). Automaintenance in guinea pigs : Effects of feeding regimen and omission training. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 30 (1), 37-46. [PDF]
MILLER, J.D. & MURRAY, F.S. (1966). Guinea pig's immobility response to sound : Threshold and habituation. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 61, 227-233.
ALTMAN, J. & DAS, G.D. (1967). Postnatal neurogenesis in the guinea-pig. Nature, 214, 1098-1101. [PDF]
DUTCH, J & BROWN, L.B. (1968). Adaptation to a water-deprivation schedule in guinea pig. Psychological Reports, 23 (3), 737-738.  
COLLIER, G., LEVITSKY, D. & WEINBERG, C. (1968). Body weight loss as a measure of motivation in thirsty guinea pigs. Animal Psychology, 10 (1), 27-28. [PDF]  

Voir aussi Animal
Cochran William Gemmell (Rutherglen Écosse 1909-1980 Orleans États-Unis) : Mathématicien et statisticien écossais. Collaborateur de Cox, Fisher, Rubin, Snedecor et Wilks.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1952). The X2 test of goodness of fit. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23, 315-345.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1953/77). Sampling techniques. Wiley. [LIRE]
COCHRAN, W.G. & COX, G.M. (1957). Experimental designs. New York : Wiley.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1965). The planning of observational studies of human populations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 128, 234-265.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1968). Errors of measurement in statistics. Technometrics, 10, 637-666.
 
ANDERSON, R.L. (1980). William Gemmell Cochran 1909-1980 : a personal tribute. Biometrics, 36, 574-578.
DEMPSTER, A.P. & MOSTELLER, F. (1981). In memoriam : William Gemmell Cochran, 1909-1980. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 35 (1), 38.
WATSON, G.S. (1982). William Gemmell Cochran 1909-1980. Annals of Statistics 10, 1-10.
YATES, F. (1982). Obituary : William Gemmell Cochran, 1909-1980. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society : Series A, 145 (4), 521-523.
RUBIN, D.B. (1984). William G. Cochran’s contributions to the design, analysis, and evaluation of observational studies. In Rao and Sedransk (Eds.), W.G. Cochran’s impact on statistics (pp. 37-69). New York : Wiley
COOK, T.D. (2015). The inheritance bequeathed to William G. Cochran that he willed forward and left for others to will forward again : The limits of observational studies that seek to mimic randomized experiments. Observational Studies, 141-164.
Cochran Librairy : Banque d'articles scientifiques qui satisfont à des critères méthodologiques très stricts, notamment la présence d'un groupe de contrôle.
MONCRIEFF, J., WESSELEY, S. & HARDY, R. (2004). Active placebos versus antidepressants for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Review, (1): CD003012. doi:10.1002/14651858. CD003012.pub2.
 
Coda : En linguistique, le coda est, avec le noyau, un élément de la rime. Il désigne le dernier son prononcé d'une syllabe, après l'attaque et le noyau.
 
Codage :
 
Type de codage
Codage cognitif Codage des données Codage double
Codage auto-renférentiel    
 
Codage (cognitif) : Voir Encodage. Encoding.
Codage auto-référentiel : Self-referential encoding
 
ROGERS, T.B., KUIPER, N.A. & KIRKER, W.S. (1977). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 35, 677-688.
BOWER, G.H. & GILLIGAN, S.G. (1979). Remembering information related to one's self. Journal of Research in Personality, 13, 420-432.
SYMONS, C.S. & JOHNSON, B.T. (1997). The self-reference effect in memory : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 371-394. [PDF]
MATLIN, M. (2004/2001). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated / La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université.
Codage de données : En recherche, technique qui consiste à créer des catégories, soit lexicales (analyse de contenu, questionnaire, entrevue), soit comportementales (observation systématique) dans le but de noter et d'extraire les données qui feront l'objet d'une analyse quantitative ou qualitative. Coding data.
 
WEEMS, G.H. & ONWUEGBUZIE, A. J. (2001). The impact of midpoint responses and reverse coding on survey data. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 34, 166-176.
Codage double : Hypothèse formulée par Paivio et qui postule l'existence de deux systèmes de représentation (représentation verbale et images mentales) pour expliquer le fonctionnement de la pensée. = dualisme cognitif. Dual coding theory.
   
PAIVIO, A. (1986). Mental representations : A dual coding approach. Oxford, England : Oxford University Press. JESSEN, F., HEUN, R. & ERB, M. (2000). The concreteness effect : Evidence for dual coding and context availability. Brain & Language, 74, 103-112.
PAIVIO, A. (1991). Dual coding theory : Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of psychology, 45 (3), 255-287. SUN, R. (2002). Duality of the mind. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
CLARK, J.M. & PAIVIO, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Educational Psychology Review, 3, 149-210. SADOSKI, M. & PAIVIO, A. (2004). A dual coding theoretical model of reading. In R.B. Ruddell & N.J. Unrau (Eds.), Theoretical models and processes of reading (pp. 1329-1362). Newark, DE : International Reading Association.
MAYER, R.E. & ANDERSON, R.B. (1991). Animations need narrations : An experimental test of a dual-coding hypothesis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 484-490. BRUNYE, T.T., TAYLOR, H.A. & RAPP, D.N. (2007). Repetition and dual coding in procedural multimedia presentations. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 877-895. [PDF]
MAYER, R.E. & SIMS, V.K. (1994). For whom is a picture worth a thousand words ? Extensions of a dual-coding theory of multimedia learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 389-401. SHEN, H.H. (2010). Imagery and verbal coding approaches in Chinese vocabulary instruction. Language Teaching Research 14 (4), 485-499.
SADOSKI, M., GOETZ, E.T. & AVILA, E. (1995). Concreteness effects in text recall : Dual coding or con- text availability ? Reading Research Quarterly, 30 (2), 278-288. WELCOME, S.E., PAIVIO, A., McRAE, K. & JOANISSE, M.F. (2011). An electrophysiological study of task demands on concreteness effects : Evidence for dual coding theory. Experimental Brain Research, 212 (3), 347-358.
CUEVAS, J. & DAWSON, B.L. ( 2018). A test of two alternative cognitive processing models : learning styles and dual coding. Theory & Research in Education, 16 (1), 40-64. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Représentation et Paivio
Code : Ensemble fini de règles/instructions écrites - quelque soit le langage - qui régulent un système, une activité. EX: Code linguistique, code civil.
 
Types de code
Code (communication) Code de déontologie Code des professions
Code binaire Code de Nuremberg
Code linguistique
 Code génétique
 
LANDIS, D., DANSBY, M.R. & HOYLE, M. (1998). The effects of race on procedural justice : The case of the uniform code of military justice. Armed Forces & Society, 24 (2), 183-219.
Code (communication) : Dans les théories de la communication, ensemble de règles qui permettent au récepteur de comprendre le message de l'émetteur, d'en saisir le sens.
 
Code binaire : Binary code.
   
McCULLOCH, W.S. & PITTS, W. (1943). Logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. Philosophy of Science, 10 (1), 18-24.

Voir aussi Ordinateur et Informatique
Code génétique : Voir ADN. Genetic coding.
Code de déonotologie : Ensemble des règles et des dispositions de bonne conduite professionnelle en vigueur dans les milieux scientifique et clinique et qui encadre la pratique professionnelle. La déontologie, c'est «ce que l'on doit faire et ne pas faire» lorsqu'on pratique un métier ou une profession. Code de déontologie, éthique et droits sujets/déontologie. = déontologie ou code. Ethical principles, code of conduct, ethics.
   
SZASZ, T.S. (1958). Psychiatry, ethics and the criminal law. Columbia Law Review, 58, 183-198. LÉCUYER, R. (2000). Déontologie de l'enseignement et enseignement de la déontologie. Bulletin de Psychologie, 53 (S1), 87-95.
CALLAHAN, D. (1982). Should there be an academic code of ethics ? Journal of Higher Education, 53, 335-346.
MUNHALL, P.L. (1988). Ethical considerations in qualitative research. Western Journal of Research, 12 (2), 150-162. COIN, R. (2000). Éthique, déontologie et psychothérapie. Resultats d'une enquête aupres des psychologues italiens. Bulletin de Psychologie, 53 (S1), 137-145.
SABOURIN, M. et BÉLANGER D. (1988). Règles de déontologie en recherche. Dans M. Robert (Dir.), Recherche scientifique en psychologie (p. 367-397). St-Hyacinthe : Édisem. LAVALLARD, M.-H. (2000). Évaluation et déontologie. Bulletin de Psychologie, 53 (S1), 101-105.
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
POMERANTZ, J.R. (1994). On criteria for ethics in science. Psychological Science, 5, 135-136. BOURGUIGNON, O. (Dir.) (2003). Questions éthiques en psychologie. Paris : Mardaga.
BOURRICAUD, F. (1998). Critique de l'individualisme utilitaire et de la déontologie médicale. Sociologie et Société, 21 (1), 25-38. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct - Amendments. American Psychologist, 65 (5), 493.
BRUNET, L. (1999). L'expertise psycholégale. Balises méthodologiques et déontologiques. Presses de l'Université du Québec. GAUTHIER, J. (2011). Déontologie et éthique : La pertinence pour le Québec du code Canadien d'éthique pour les psychologues. / Deontology and ethics : The differences between the Québec Code and the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 52 (3), 169-175.
 
TAVRIS, C., WADE, C., GAGNON, A., GOULET, C. et WIEDMANN, P. (1999/2007). Introduction à la psychologie : les grandes perspectives. St-Laurent : ERPI. Voir aussi Profession et Éthique
Code de Nuremberg : Texte juridique - proposé en 1947 à la suite du procès de Nuremberg - qui suggère de soumettre la conduite de la recherche scientifique auprès des humains à dix principes éthiques, notamment le consentement éclairé des participants d'une étude.
 
Code des professions : Au Québec, ensemble des lois et règlements qui détermine les conditions d'exercice des professions, notamment de la psychologie. Ce code est administré par l'Office des professions.
   
GOUVERNEMENT DU QUÉBEC (2011). Code des professions du Québec. [LIRE]
Code linguistique : Ensemble des règles et des normes qui régissent officiellement l'écriture et la lecture des mots d'une langue. Code linguistique code et Orthographe.
 
Éléments du code linguistique
Grammaire Ponctuation Syntaxe
Orthographe Sémantique  
 
   
Voir aussi Code, Grammaire et Orthographe
Codeur : Le mot a deux acceptions : a) Dans une analyse de contenu, personne chargée d'observer le contenu d'un corpus (film, livre, publicité, dessin ou autre artéfact/production) et de consigner ses observationsdans une grille d'analyse de contenu. Il s'agit d'un rôle analogue à celui joué par l'observateur d'une recherche réalisée au moyen d'une méthode expérimentale, quasi-expérimentale ou d'une observation systématique. a) On utilise aussi ce mot pour désigner tout individu qui, au moyen d'un ordinateur, crée ou modifie le code d'un programme informatique, d'un logiciel.
   
a



Voir aussi Corpus et Analyse de contenu
b


Voir aussi Ordinateur, Informatique et Logiciel
Coefficient : Nombre qui correspond à l'évaluation ou à la mesure d'un phénomène ou une relation entre deux phénomènes. Dans le cas des tests statistiques, le coefficient désigne le résultat mathématique du test. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous.
Types de coefficient
Coefficient alpha/De Cronbach Coefficient d'aplatissement Coefficient de détermination
Coefficient d'accord Coefficient de concordance de Kendall Coefficient de Kappa
Coefficient d'héritabilité Coefficient de contingence Coefficient de signification
  Coefficient de corrélation  
 
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Coefficient alpha : Test de fidélité conçu par Cronbach pour mesurer la cohérence interne d'un test. = coefficient de Cronbach, coefficent de fidélité Alpha. Coefficient alpha.
   
CRONBACH, L.J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16 (3), 297-333. [PDF] SHEVLINA, M., MILES, J.N.V., DAVIES, M.N.O. & WALKER, S. (2000). Coefficient alpha : a useful indicator of reliability. Personality & Individual Difference, 28, 229-237. [PDF]
NOVICK, M.R. & LEWIS, C.L. (1967). Coeefficient alpha and the reliability of composite measurements. Psychometrika, 32, 1-13.
GREEN, S.B., LISSITZ, R.W. & MULAIK, S.A. (1977). Limitations of coefficient alpha as an index of test unidimensionality. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 37 (4), 827-838
WOODRUFF D.J. & FELDT, L.S. (1986). Tests for equality of several alpha coefficients with their sample estimates are dependent. Psychometrika, 51, 393-413.
WILCOX, R.R. (1992). Robust generalizations of classical test reliability and Cronbach's alpha. British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 45, 239-254.
CORTINA, J.M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha ? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98-104. [PDF] STEINER, D.L. (2003). Starting at the beginning : An introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80, 99-103
PETERSEN, R.A. (1994). A meta-analysis of Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 381-391. CRONBACH, L.J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 64, 391-418. [PDF]
SCHMITT, N. (1996). Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8 (4), 350-353. [PDF] HAYASHI, K. & KAMATA, A. (2005). A note on the estimator of the alpha coefficient for standardized variables under normality. Psychometrika, 70 (3), 579-586.
RAYKOV, T. (1997). Scale reliability, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and violations of essential tau-equivalence with fixed congeneric components. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32, 329-353. ZINBARG, R.E., REVELLE, W., YOVEL, I. & LI., W. (2005). Cronbach’s alpha, Revelle’s beta, McDonald’s omega : Their relations with each and two alternative conceptualizations of reliability. Psychometrika, 70, 123-133. [PDF]
ALASAWALMEH, Y.M. & FELDT, L.S. (1999). Testing the equality of independent alpha coefficients adjusted for test length. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 59, 373-383. RODRIGUEZ, M.C. & MAEDA, Y. (2006). Meta-analysis of coefficient apha. Psychological Methods, 11 (3), 306-322. [PDF]
CONOVER, W.J., LAMPE, J., SUTTON, S. & BLINE, D. (1999). Uses and misuses of Cronbach's Alpha : Implications for behavioral researchers. Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, 2, 283-307. TEO, T. & FAN, X. (2013). Coefficient alpha and beyond : Issues and alternatives for educational research. Asia Pacific Education Review, 22, 209-213.

SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Cronbach et Coefficient
Coefficient d'accord : Résultat chiffré d'un accord interjuge. Coefficient of agreement, scale agreement.
   
COHEN, J.A. (1960). Coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 19, 6037-6046. [PDF]
FLEISS, J.L. (1971). Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 378-381.

Voir aussi Accord interjuge et Coefficient
Coefficient d'aplatissement : Statistique descriptive. = kurtose, voussure. Kurtosis.
   
DYSON, F.J. (1943). A note on kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 106, 4, 360-361. GROENEVELD, R.A. & MEEDEN, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. The Statistician, 33 (4), 391-399.
FINUCAN, H.M. (1964). A note on kurtosis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 26 (1), 111-112.
DARLINGTON, R.B. (1970). Is kurtosis really peakedness ? The American Statistician, 24, 19-22. MacGILLIVRAY, H.L. & BALANDA, K.P. (1988). The relationships between skewness and kurtosis. Australian Journal of Statistics, 30 (3), 319-337.
CHISSOM, B. (1970). Interpretation of the kurtosis statistic. The American Statistician, 24 (4) 19-23. DE CARLO, L.T. (1997). On the meaning and use of kurtosis. Psychological Methods, 2 (3), 292-307.
HILDEBRAND, D.K. (1971). Kurtosis measures bimodality ?The American Statistician, 25 (1), 42-43. KALOYANOV, T. (2011). About the measures of skewness and kurtosis. Economic Alternatives, 1, 22-33. [PDF]

SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Coefficient d'asymétrie
Coefficient d'asymétrie : Statistique descriptive. Skewness.
 
PEARSON, K. (1895). Contributions to the mathematical theory of evolution, II : Skew variation in homogeneous material. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 186, 343-414.
PEARSON, K. (1905). Skew variation, a rejoinder. Biometrika, 4, 169-212.
GROENEVELD, R.A. & MEEDEN, G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. The Statistician, 33, 391-399.
MacGILLIVRAY, H.L. (1986). Skewness and Skewness : Measures and Orderings. The Annals of Statistics, 14, 994-1011.
MacGILLIVRAY H.L. & BALANDA, K.P. (1988). The relationships between skewness and kurtosis. Australian Journal of Statistics, 30 (3), 319-337.
KALOYANOV, T. (2011). About the measures of skewness and kurtosis. Economic Alternatives, 1, 22-33. [PDF]

Voir aussi Coefficient d'aplatissement
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Coefficient d'héritabilité : Voir Héritabilité. Heritability.
Coefficient de contingence (C) : Résultat du test statistique qui permet de mesurer l'intensité d'un lien d'association ou de dépendance entre deux ou plusieurs variables qualitatives nominales. NDLR : Dans ce contexte bien précis, le mot contingence est un anglicisme. = test de contingence. Contingency tables.
   
YULE, G.U. (1923). On the application of the khi-deux method to association and contingency tables, with experimental illustrations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 95-104.
ARKES, H.R. & HARKENESS, A. R. (1983). Estimates of contingency between two dichotomous variables. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 112, 117–135.
EVERITT, B.S. (1977). The analysis of contingency tables. London : Chapman & Hall.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Tableau de contingence Khi-deux et Coefficient
Coefficient de concordance de Kendall : Résultat du Test statistique qui permet de mesurer l'intensité d'un lien d'association entre deux variables ordinales ou nominales.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Coefficient de corrélation (r) : Résultat Test de corrélation qui permet de mesurer l'intensité d'un lien d'association ou de dépendance entre deux ou plusieurs variables quantitives. Correlation coefficient.
 
Coefficient Interprétation du coefficient
1 Relation parfaite
 0.90 et + Relation très forte
 0.70 - 0.89 Relation forte
0.40 - 0.69   Relation modérée
 0.20 - 0.39 Relation faible
 0.19 et - Relation négligeable
 0 Relation nulle
   
HEMPHILL, J.F. (2003). Interpreting the magnitudes of correlation coefficients. American Psychologist, 58 (1), 78–-79.

SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Coefficient
Coefficient de cronbach : Voir Coffeicient Alpha. Coefficient alpha.
Coefficient de détermination : R2. Voir Test statistique.
Coefficient de Kappa : Voir Kappa.
Coefficient de signification : Voir Valeur de P, Test d'hypothèse et Hypotèse statistique.
Coercition : Obligation physique d'agir, d'émettre un comportement, sous peine de sanction, de punition. Coercion.
 
SIDMAN, M. (1999). Coercion in educational settings. Behavior Change, 16 (2), 79-88
KOPP, J. (2001). Coercion and its fallout study guide. Boston : Authors Cooperative.
SIDMAN, M. (2001). Coercion and its fallout. Boston : Authors Cooperative.
SIDMAN, M. (2004). Preface to coercion and its fallout. Behaviorology Today, 7, 25-26.
Coeur : Le mot a un un sens propre et au moins deux sens figurés : a) En biologie, muscle lisse qui a pour fonction de pomper le sang dans le réseaux sanguin d'un organisme et, ainsi, permettre l'oxygénation du cerveau. Coeur, réponse cardiaque et rythme cardiaque. Heart, heart-rate. b) En linguistique, synonyme de noyau. c) On utilise l'expression "par coeur" comme synonyme de rétention.
   
a
LADER, M.H. (1964). Measurement of cardiovascular variables. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 17, 1-3.
CACIOPPO, J.T., SANDMAN, C.A. & WALKER, B.B. (1978). The effects of operant heart-rate conditioning on cognitive elaboration and attitude change. Psychophysiology, 15, 330-338. [PDF]
BERNTSON, G.G., CACIOPPO, J.T. & IELDSTONE, A. (1996). Illusions, arithmetic, and the bidirectional modulation of vagal control of the heart. Biological Psychology, 44, 1-17. [PDF]
 LAWLER, K.A., YOUNGER, J.Y., PIFERI, R.A., BILLINGTON, E., JOBE, R., EDMONDSON, K. & JONES, W.H. (2003). A change of heart : Cardiovascular correlates of forgiveness in response to interpersonal conflict. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 373-393.
NEWMAN, M.F., BLUMENTHAL, J.A. & MARK, D.B. (2004). Fixing the heart; Must the brain pay the price. Circulation, 110 (22), 3402-3403.

Voir aussi Infarctus et Maladie cardio-vasculaire
b
c
 LE NY, J.-F. (1961). Gravité des erreurs et généralisation de l'élément associé dans un apprentissage par coeur. Psychologie Française, 6, 198-208.
Coévolution : Voir Évolution (Co-). Co-evolution.
CO - (MÉTA)COGNITION - COGNITIVISME - COHEN - COL - COLÈRE - COLLECTE/DONNÉES - COLLECTIVISME - COLLÈGE - COM
Cognition : Du latin cognitio qui signifie «apprendre à connaître ou connaissance». Au sens large, ce que l'on pense, de soi, des autres, du monde qui nous entoure. Le terme a deux acceptions voisines, voire inclusives : a) Il est d'abord synonyme d'activité mentale, consciente et inconsciente. Plus précisément, la cognition désigne l'ensemble des processus et des structures psychologiques qui ne peuvent être réduits à des comportements ou à des mécanismes biologiques. Par définition, ces processus et ces structures sont inférés, donc inobservables. Ces processus, qui se déroule dans le cerveau, sont considérés comme la cause de la plupart des comportements humains et animaux. b) Dans certaines théories, dites cognitives, le terme renvoie à un processus de traitement de l'information de niveau supérieur, qui a pour fonction de résoudre les problèmes au moyen d'algorithmes ou d'heuristiques. Pour la plupart des cognitivistes, la cognition est une des causes du comportement, ou du moins un des facteurs déterminants. Pour certains cognitivistes, la cognition est un phénomène en soi distinct du cerveau (dualisme); pour d'autres la cognition est une propriété du cerveau au même titre que l'apprentissage (mentalisme ou dualisme fonctionnaliste); finalement pour certains la cognition et l'activité cérébrale sont une seule et même chose (monisme). Cognition et cognitivisme. = analyse, prise de décision, connaissance, processus mental, fonction mentale, structure mentale, processus cognitif, structure cognitive, fonction cognitive, perception, pensée, idée, raisonnement. Cognition, thought, knowledge.
Cognition
Cognition animale Déclin de la cognition Métacognition humaine
Cognition implicite Distorsion cognitive Métacognition animale
  Entraînement cognitif de la mémoire Réserve cognitive
Cognition sociale Flexibilité de la cognition Style de cognition
Décrochage de la cognition Limite de la cognition Tempo cognitif
 
   
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Voir Cognitivisme, Connaissance et Traitement de l'information
MATLIN, M. (2001/2004). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated/La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université.  
Cognition (Décrochage) : Incapacité de maintenir son attention ou d'intéragir avec autrui lors d'une conversation. On observe ce phénomène chez les gens qui sont sous médication (sédatif, anti-psychotique, etc.), les personnes âgées, ainsi que chez les personnes qui utilisent leur téléphone dit "intelligent" de manière compulsive. Décrochage cognitif, flexibilité cognitive et distraction.
 
Cognition (Déclin) : Diminution plus ou moins rapide des facultés ou fonctions cognitives, consécutive à une maladie, un trouble neurocognitif, au vieillissement ou à la prise de certains médicaments anticholinergiques (qui bloque l'acétylcholine), notamment les anxiolytiques et les antidépresseurs. Déclin de la cognition et pensée rigide. Cognitive decline, cognitive impairment in older.
   
HAXBY, J.V., RAFFALAE, K., GILLETTE, J., SCHAPIRO, M.B. & RAPOPORT, S.I. (1992). Individual trajectories of cognitive decline in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 575-592. SHAH, Y., TANGALOS, E.G. & PETERSEN, R.C. (2000). Mild cognitive impairment : when is it a precursor to Alzheimer's disease ? Geriatrics, 55, 62-68.
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 SCHAIE, K.W. (2009). When does age-related cognitive decline begin ? Salthouse again reifies the "cross-sectional fallacy". Neurobiology of Aging, 30, 528-529.
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Voir aussi Trouble neurocognitif, Flexibilité cognitive et Cognition
Cognition (Distorsion) : Cognition qui ne correspond pas aux faits, qui les déforme. = distorsion cognitive. biais cognitif. Distortion, cognitive distortion.
   
MILLER, D.T., NORMAN, S.A. & WRIGHT, E. (1978). Distortion in person perception as a coesequence of the need for effective control. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36, 598-607.
HANCOCK, P.A. & WEAVER, J.L. (2005). On time distortions under stress. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 6 (2), 193-211.
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CRAIGHEAD, W.E., SHEETS, E.S., WILCOXON-CRAIGHEAD, L. & MADSEN, J.W. (2011). Recurrence of MDD : A prospective study of personality pathology and cognitive distortions. Personality Disorders : Theory, Research, & Treatment, 2 (2), 83-97. [PDF]

Voir aussi Biais cognitif
Cognition (Flexibilité) : Fonction exécutive qui consiste à déplacer son attention vers un nouveau stimulus ou une nouvelle tâche lorsque la situation l'exige. EX : En conduisant, capacité de regarder dans son rétroviseur, alors que le feu est jaune. Cognitive flexibility, neurocognitive flexibility, task switching.
 
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Voir aussi Pensée divergente et Commutation des tâches
Cognition (Limite) : ( ): biais cognitif, durée de la mémoire, erreur de jugement. cognitive limit.
 
MILLER, G.A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two : Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63, 81-97. [PDF]
READ, D.W. (2008). Working memory : A cognitive limit to non-human primate recursive thinking prior to hominid evolution ? Evolutionary Psychology, 6 (4), 676-714. [PDF]
Cognition (Méta-) : Metacognition, metaknowledge, cognition of cognition.
 
Métacognition
Chez l'humain Chez l'animal
 
Cognition (Méta-/Humain) : Connaissance qu'a l'individu de ses propres fonctions cognitives, de leur fonctionnement correct et des erreurs commises dans la vie quotidienne (biais cogntifs). Ce concept a été proposé par Flavell. EX : Je crois que mon raisonnement ne fonctionne pas; j'ai fait une erreur de jugement; j'ai un trou de mémoire, je sais que la capitale de la Mongolie est Oulan-Bator. Métacognition, cognition et autorégulation. = prise de conscience, conscience de soi. Metacognition, metaknowledge, cognition of cognition.
   
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JOST, J.T., KRUGLANSKI, A.W. & NELSON, T.O. (1998). Social metacognition : An expansionist review. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 2 (2), 137-154. BAKRACEVIC-VUKMAN, K. (2012). Metacognitive accuracy and learning to learn : A developmental perspective. Problems of Education in the 21e century, 46, 15-21. [PDF]
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WEIL, L.G., FLEMING, S.M., DUMONTHEIL, I., KILFORD, E.J., WEIL, R.S., REES, G., DOLAN, R.J. & BLAKEMORE, S.-J. (2013). The development of metacognitive ability in adolescence. Consciousness & Cognition, 22, 264-271. [PDF]
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BRYCE, D. & WHITEBREAD, D. (2014). Examining change in metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive control during motor learning : What can be learned by combining methodological approaches ? Psychological Topics, 23(1), 53-76.
MEVARECH, Z.R. (1999). Effects of metacognitive training embedded in cooperative settings on mathematical problem solving. The Journal of Educational Research 92 (4), 195-205. BRYCE, D., WHITEBREAD, D. & SZUCS, D. (2015). The relationships among executive functions, metacognitive skills and educational achievement in 5 and 7 year-old children, Metacognition & Learning, 10 (2), 181-198.

Voir aussi Cognition, Fonction exécutive et Métacognition chez les animaux
MATLIN, M. (2001/2004). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated/La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université.
Cognition (Méta-/Animaux) : Métacognition chez les animaux, notamment chez les singes.
   
HAMPTON, R.R. (2001). Rhesus monkeys know when they remember. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science USA, 98 (9), 5359-5362. TERRACE, H.S. & SON, L.K. (2009). Comparative metacognition. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 67-74.
CALL, J. & CARPENTER M. (2001). Do apes and children know what they have seen ? Animal Cognition, 4, 207-220. [PDF] SMITH, J.D., BERAN, M.J., COUCHMAN, J.J., COUTINHO, M.V.C. & BOOMER, J B. (2009). Animal metacognition : Problems and prospects. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 40-53. [PDF]
FOOTE, L.A. & CRYSTAL, J.D. (2007). Metacognition in the rat. Current Biology, 17, 551-555. [PDF] HAMPTON, R.R. (2009). Multiple demonstrations of metacognition in nonhumans : Converging evidence or multiple mechanisms ? Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 17-28. [PDF]
KORNELL, N., SON, L., TERRACE, H.S. (2007). Transfer of metacognitive skills and hint seeking in monkeys. Psychological Science, 18 (1), 64-71. [PDF] KORNELL, N. (2009). Metacognition in humans and animals. Current Directions in Psychology Science, 18 (1), 11-15. [PDF]
CALL, J. (2007). Apes know that hidden objects can affect the orientation of other objects. Cognition, 105, 1-25. [PDF] CRYSTAL, J.D. & FOOTE, A.L. (2009). Metacognition in animals : Trends and challenges. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 54-55. [PDF]
CARRUTHERS, P. (2008). Meta-cognition in animals : A skeptical look. Mind & Language, 23, 58-89. [PDF] CARRUTHERS, P. & BRENDAN, R. (2012). The emergence of metacognition : affect and uncertainty in animals. In M. Beran, J. Brandl, J. Perner & J.Proust (Eds.), Foundations of metacognition. OUP. [PDF]
MATLIN, M. (2001/2004). Cognition. Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated/La cognition : Une introduction à la psychologie cognitive. Paris : Deboeck Université.   Voir aussi Cognition et Métacognition chez les humains
Cognition(Pré-) : Forme de perception extra-sensorielle. Il s'agit en fait d'une croyance, donc d'une pseudophénomène qui consisterait en la capacité de prédire l'avenir. Précognition et parapsychologie. Precognition.
 
FREEMAN, J. (1962). An experiment in precognition. Journal of Parapsychology, 26, 123-130.
COX, E.X. (1956). Precognition : An Analysis. Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, 50, 97-107.
Cognition(Restructuration) : Technique thérapeutique cognitiviste qui consiste à amener le client à modifier ses perceptions et ses catégories mentales, afin d'en éliminer les biais et les distorsions. Cognitive restructuring.
 
GOLDFRIED, M.R., LINEHAN, M.M. & SMITH, J.L. (1978). Reduction of test anxiety through cognitive restructuring. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 46, 32-39.
LINEHAN, M.M., GOLDFRIED, M.R. & GOLDFRIED, A.P. (1979). Assertion therapy : Skill training or cognitive restructuring. The Behavior Therapy, 10, 372-388.
WOODWARD, R. & JONES, R.B. (1980). Cognitive restructuring treatment : A controlled trial with anxious patients. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 18, 401-407.
MATTICK, R.P. & PETERS, L. (1988). Treatment of severe social phobia : Effects of guided exposure with and without cognitive restructuring. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 56 (2) 251-260.
MATTICK, R.P., PETERS, L. & CLARKE, J.C. (1989). Exposure and cognitive restructuring for social phobia : A controlled study. Behavior Therapy, 20 (1) 3-23.
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Cognition (Style) : = Style cognitif. Cognitive style.
   
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LEWIS, M. (1971). Sex differences in cognitive style : A rejoinder. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 33, 1006. TETLOCK, P.E. (1984). Cognitive style and political belief systems in the British House of Commons. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 46, 365-375. [PDF]
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VERNON, P.E. (1973). Multivariate approaches to the study of cognitive styles. In J.R. Royce (Ed.), Multivariate analysis and psychological theory (pp. 125-148). New York : Academic Press RIDING, R. & CHEEMA, I. (1991). Cognitive styles integration. Educational Psychology, 11, 193-215.
RIDING, R. & SADLER-SMITH, E. (1992). Type of instructional material, cognitive style and learning performance. Educational Studies, 18 (3), 323-340.
KOGAN, N. (1973). Creativity and cognitive style : A life span perspective. In P. Baltes & K.W. Schale (Eds.), Life span developmentalpsychology : Personality and socialization (pp. 145-178). New York : Academic Press. GUL, F. (1992). Cognitive styles as a factor in accounting students' receptions of career-choice factors. Psychological Reports, 71, 1275-1281.
EHRI, L.C. & MUZIO, I.M. (1974). Cognitive style and reasoning about speed. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 569-571. JACOBSON, C.M. (1993). Cognitive styles of creativity : Relations of scores on the Kirton Adaptation-Innovation Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Indicator among managers in USA. Psychological Reports, 72, 1131-1138.
CAMPBELL, S.B. (1974). Cognitive styles and behavior problems of clinic boys : A comparison of epileptic, hyperactive, learning disabled, and normal groups. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 2, 307-312. CLAPP, R.G. (1993). Stability of cognitive style in adults and some implications : A longitudinal study of the Kirton Adaptation-Innovation Inventory. Psychological Reports, 73, 1235-1245.
ALLINSON, C.W. & HAYES, J. (1996). The cognitive style index : a measure of intuition-analysis for organisational research. Journal of Management Studies, 33 (1), 119-135.
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NODOUSHAN, M.A.S. (2007). Is cognitive style : A precursor to EFL reading performance ? i-Manager's Journal of Educational Technology, 4 (1), 66-68.
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SUTTON, J.M., MINEKA, S., ZINBARG, R.E., CRASKE, M.G., GRIFFITH, J.W., ROSE, R.D., WATERS A.M., NAZARIAN, M. & MOR, N. (2010). The relationships of personality and cognitive styles with self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 35 (4), 381-393. [PDF]
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YILDIRIM, I. & ZENGEL, R. (2014). The impact of cognitive styles on design students' spatial knowledge from virtual environments. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 13 (3), 210-215. [PDF]

Voir aussi Cognition
Cognition: Revue scientifique de psychologie qui se consacre à l'étude de la cognition. Éditeur : Elsevier.

FODOR, J.A. & PYLYSHYN, Z.W. (1988). Connectionism and cognitive architecture : A critical analysis. Cognition, 28, 3-71. [PDF]
 
Cognition animale : Discipline au carrefour du cognitivisme et de la psychologie animale, qui, comme le nom l'indique, étudie les processus cognitifs des animaux, notamment chez les singes. = cognition comparée. ( ): Allen, Bates, Bekoff, Call, Doré, Fiset, Gallup, Kamil, Menzel, Pepperberg, Povinelli, Premack, Terrace, Tolman, Tomasello, Vauclair, Wynne. Animal cognition, cognition in nonhuman species.
   
TOLMAN, E.C. (1932). Purposive behavior in animals and men. New York : Century. TOMASELLO, M. (2000). Primate cognition : Introduction to the Issue. Cognitive Science, 24 (3), 351-361. [PDF]
KRECHEVSKY, I. (1932). Hypotheses' in rats. Psychological Review, 39 (6), 516-532.  SHETTLEWORTH, S.J. (2001). Animal cognition and animal behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 61, 277-286. [PDF]
WITKIN, H.A. (1942). Hypotheses' in rats : An experimental critique. III. Summary evaluation of the hypotheses concept. Psychological Review, 49 (6), 541-568. WYNNE, C.D.L. (2001). Animal cognition : The mental lives of animals. Palgrave Macmillan. [PDF]
TOLMAN, E.C. (1948). Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychological Review, 55, 189-208. BEKOFF, M. (2002). The cognitive animal. MIT Press.
MENZEL, E.W. & JOHNSON, M.K. (1978). Commentary : Cognition and consciousness in nonhuman species. The Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 4, 586-587. PEPPERBERG, I.M. (2002). The value of the Piagetian framework for comparative cognitive studies. Animal Cognition, 5, 77-82.