Claude Goulet/2003© l Comment citer ce lexique l Notre mission : Explorer la nébuleuse Psy ! Auteurs
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SAD - SC - SCH - SCHACHTER - SCI - SE - SELIGMAN - SH - SI - SKINNER - SL/SM - SO - SP - SPERRY - STA - STERNBERG - STI - SU - SY
SA Journal of Industrial Psychology : Revue scientifique de psychologie organisationelle et industrielle. Éditeur : Elsevier.
DE WITTE, H. (2005). Job insecurity : Review of the international literature on definitions, prevalence, antecedents and consequences. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 31 (4), 1-6. [PDF]
 
Saariluoma Pertti (Stockholm-) : Psychologue cognitiviste finlandais et spécialiste de l'étude de la mémoire et des échecs. Collaborateur de Lindeman.
SAARILUOMA, P. (1985). Chess players' intake of task relevant cues. Memory & Cognition, 13, 385-391.
SAARILUOMA, P. (1989). Chess players' recall of auditorily presented chess positions. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 1, 309-320.
SAARILUOMA, P. (1992). Visuospatial and articulatory interference in chess players’ information intake. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 4, 309-320.
SAARILUOMA, P. (2001). Chess and content-oriented psychology of thinking. Psicológica, 22, 143-164. [PDF]
SAARILUOMA, P. & LAINE, T. (2001). What do computer models explain ? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 147-148.
Sabourin Stéphane ( ) : Psychologue québécois et spécialiste de l'étude de la détresse et de la satisfaction conjugale. Il enseigne à l'Université Laval. Collaborateur de Caron, Perreault et Wright.
DULUDE, D., SABOURIN, S., LUSSIER, Y. et WRIGHT, J. (1990). Attributions, complexité attributionnelle et satisfaction conjugale. International Journal of Psychology, 25 (2), 439-454.
SABOURIN, S., WRIGHT, J., DUCHESNE, C. & BELISLE, S. (1991). Are consumers of modern fertility treatments satisfied ? Fertility & Sterility, 56 (6), 1084-1090.
SABOURIN, S. et LEFEBVRE, D. (2008). Conception intégrée des processus psychopathologiques des troubles conjugaux. Dans J. Wright, Y. Lussier et S. Sabourin (Dirs.), Manuel clinique des psychothérapies de couple (p. 15-97). Québec : Presses Universitaires du Québec.
SABOURIN, S., LORANGE, J., WRIGHT, J., LEFEBVRE, D. et POITRAS-WRIGHT, H. (2008). Le diagnostic en psychothérapie de couple; vers un nouveau dialogue. Dans J. Wright, Y. Lussier et S. Sabourin (Dirs.), Manuel clinique des psychothérapies de couple (p. 99-195). Québec : Presses Universitaires du Québec.
GODBOUT, N., DUTTON, D.G., LUSSIER, Y. & SABOURIN, S. (2009). Early exposure to violence, domestic violence, attachment representations, and marital adjustment. Personal Relationships, 16 (3), 365-384.
Sachs/Sackheim/Sacks
Hanns Sachs Harold A. Sackeim
Harvey Sacks


Oliver Sacks
 
Sachs Hanns (Vienne 1881-1947 Boston) : Psychanalyste autrichien et proche collaborateur de Freud. Il fut le premier non-médecin à joindre les rangs du mouvement psychanalytique. Il a été l'analyste de Alexander, Balint, Loewenstein et Searl. Collaborateur de Rank.
RANK, O., SACHS, H. & PAYNE, C.R. (1915). The significance of psychoanalysis for the mental sciences. Psychoanalytic Review, 2, 428-457.
SACHS, H. (1929). One of the motive factors in the formation on the super-ego in women. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 10, 39-50.
SACHS, H. (1930). Behaviour as an expression of mental processes during analysis. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 11, 231-232.
SACHS, H. (1942). Masochism in modern man. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 11, 555-561.
SACHS, H. (1977). Freud mon maître et mon ami. Paris : Denoël.
MOELLENHOFF, F. (1966). Hanns Sachs, 1881-1947 : the creative unconscious. In F. Alexander, S. Einstein and M. Grotjahn (Eds.), Psychoanalytice pioneers. New York and London : Basic Books. Paris : Denoël.
Sackeim Harold A. ( ) : Psychologue américain. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'aveuglement volontaire et à la thérapie electroconvulsive. Collaborateur de Gur.
SACKEIM, H.A. & GUR, R.C. (1979). Self-deception, other-deception, and self-reported psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 47 (1), 213–215.
SACKEIM, H.A. & GUR, R.C. (1985). Voice recognition and the ontological status of self-deception. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 48 (5), 1365–1368.
SACKEIM, H.A. & GUR, R.C. (1997). Flavors of self-deception : Ontology and epidemiology. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 20 (1), 125–126.
SACKEIM, H.A., PRUDIC, J., FULLER, R., KEILP, J., LAVORI, P.W. & OLFSON, M. (2007). The cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings. Neuropsychopharmacology, 32 (1), 244–254.
SACKEIM, H.A., PRUDIC, J., NOBLER, M.S., FITZSIMONS, L., LISANBY, S.H., PAYNE, N., BERMAN, R.M., BRAKEMEIER, E.L., PERERA, T. & DAVANAND, D.P. (2008). Effects of Pulse Width and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Brain Stimulation, 1 (2), 71-83. [PDF]
Sacks Harvey (1935-1975) : Sociologue phénoménologiste américain et co-fondateur avec Garfinkel de l'ethnométhodologie. Il a développé une technique d'analyse des interactions verbales connue sous le nom d'analyse conversationelle. Étudiant de Garfinkel.
SACKS, H. & GARFINKEL, H. (1970). On formal structures of practical action. In J.C. McKinney & E.A. Tiryakian (Eds.), Theoretical sociology. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts.
SACKS, H. (1972). An initial investigation of usability of conversationnal data for doing sociology. In D. Sudnow (Ed.), Studies in social interaction (pp. 31-74). New York : The Free Press.
SACKS, H. (1973). Tout le monde doit mentir. Communications, 182-203.
SACKS, H., SCHEGLOFF, E.A. & JEFFERSON, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50 (4), 696-735. [PDF] + [PDF]
SACKS, H. (1995). Lectures on conversation. Jefferson : Oxford : Blackwell.
Sacks Oliver (Londres 1933-2015) : Neuropsychologue et vulgarisateur scientifique américain.
SACKS, O. (1985). The man who mistook his wife for a hat. Touchstone Books.
SACKS, O. (1995). An anthropologist on mars. Vintage Books.
 
 
 
 
Sacré : Toute chose importante aux yeux des religions, tellement importante qu'elle ne peut être critiquée ou remise en question, ni par les croyants, ni par les laïcs. Sacré et croyance religieuse. = valeur religieuse.
   
RAPPAPORT, R. (1971). The sacred in human evolution. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 2, 23-44.
SOSIS, R. & ALCORTA, C. (2003). Signaling, solidarity, and the sacred : The evolution of religious behavior. Evolutionary Anthropology, 12, 264-274. [PDF]

Voir aussi Divinité
SA - SAGVOLDEN - SALIENCE - SALOVEY - SANTÉ MENTALE - SAPIR - SASLOW - SAT - SATIR - SATISFACTION - SAUSSURE - SAV - SC
Sadisme : Sadique : Qui aime faire ou voir souffrir les autres. Sadisme et Masochisme. Sadism, sexual sadism.
   
STEKEL, W. (1929). Sadism and masochism : the psychology of hatred and cruelty. New York : Liveright Publishing Corporation. PROULX, J., BLAIS, E. & BEAUREGARD, E. (2005). Le sadisme sexuel. Dans J. Proulx, M. Cusson, E. Beauregard & A. Nicole (Dirs.), Les meurtriers sexuels : Analyse comparative et nouvelles perspectives (pp. 163-201). Montréal, Québec : Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal.
DAVISON, G. (1968). Elimination of asadistic fantasy by a client-controlled counterconditioning technique : A case study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 84-89. MARSHALL, W.L. & HUCKER, S.J. (2006). Issues in the diagnosis of sexual sadism. Sex Offender Treatment, 1, 1-4.

FEDOROFF, J.P. (2008). Sadism, sadomasochism, sex, and violence. Canada Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 637-646. [PDF]

KINGSTON, D.A., SETO, M.C., FIRESTONE, P. & BRADFORD, J.M. (2010). Comparing indicators of sexual sadism as predictors of recidivism among sexual offenders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 78, 574-584.
BERGER, P., BERNER, W., BOLTERAUER, J., GUTIERREZ, K. & BERGER, K. (1999). Sadistic personality disorder in sex offenders : Relationship to antisocial personality disorder and sexual sadism. Journal of Personality Disorders, 13, 175-186. KRUEGER, R.F. (2010). The DSM Diagnostic criteria for sexual sadism. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39 (2), 325-345. [PDF]
MARSHALL, W.L. & KENNEDY, P., YATES, P. & SERRAN, G. (2002). Diagnosing sexual sadism in sexual offenders : reliability across diagnostiticians. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative, 46, 668-676. BUCKELS, E.E., JONES, D.N. & PAULHUS, D.L. (2013). Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism. Psychological Science, 24, 2201-2209.

PAULHUS, D.L. & DUTTON, D.G. (2013). Everyday sadism. In V. Zeigler-Hill & D. Marcus (Eds.), Dark side of personality : Science and practice in social, personality, and clinical psychology (pp. 109-120). Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association.

DELISI, M., DRURY, A.J., ELBERT, M.J., TAHJA, K.M., CAROPRESO, D.E. & HEINRICHS, T. (2017). Sexual sadism and criminal versatility : Does sexual sadism spillover into nonsexual crimes ? Journal of Aggression, Conflict, & Peace Research, 9 (1), 2-12.
MARSHALL, W.L. & KENNEDY, P. (2003). Sexual sadism in sexual offenders : an elusive diagnosis. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 8 (1), 1-22. PLOUFFE, R., SAKLOFSKE, D.H. & SMITH, M.M. (2017). The Assessment of Sadistic Personality : Preliminary psychometric evidence for a new measure. Personality & Individual Differences, 104, 166-171.

BUCKELS, E.E., TRAPNELL, P.D., ANDJELOVIC, T. & PAULHUS, D.L. (2018). Internet trolling and everyday sadism : Parallel effects of pain perception and moral judgment. Journal of Personality, 87, 147-150.

Voir aussi Douleur et Masochisme
Sadomasochisme : Sadomasochisme : Qui aime voir les autres souffrir et prend plaisir à infliger des douleurs à autrui. Sadomasochisme, sadisme et Masochisme. Sadomasochism.
   
STEKEL, W. (1929). Sadism and masochism : the psychology of hatred and cruelty. New York (NY) : Liveright Publishing Corporation. DONNELLY, D. & FRASER, J. (1998). Gender differences in sado-masochistic preferences among college students. Sex Roles, 39 (5/6), 391-407.
SPRENGLER, A. (1977). Manifest sadomasochism of males : Results of an empirical study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 6, 441-456.  
ZILLMANN, D., BRYANT, J. & CARVETH, R.A. (1981). The effect of erotica featuring sadomasochism and bestiality on motivated intermale aggression. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 153-159.  
QUINSEY, V.L., CHAPLIN, T.C. & UPFOLD, D. (1984). Sexual arousal to nonsexual violence and sadomasochistic themes among rapists and non-sex offenders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 52, 651-657.  
WEINBERG, M.S., WILLIAMS, C.J. & MOSER, C.A. (1984). The social constituents of sadomasochism. Social Problems, 31 (4), 379-389. REIERSOL, O. & SKEID, S. (2006). The ICD diagnoses of fetishism and sadomasochism. Journal of Homosexuality, 50, 243-262.
BRESLOW N., EVANS, L. & LANGLEY, J. (1985). On the prevalence and roles of females in the sadomasochistic subculture : Report of an empirical study. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 14, 303-317. MOSER, C.A. & KLEINPLATZ, P.J. (2006). Sadomasochism : Powerful pleasures. Routledge.
GOSSELIN, C.C., WILSON, G.D. & BARETT, P.T. (1991). The personality and sexual preference of sadomasochistic women. Personality & Individual Differences, 12, 11-15. FEDOROFF, J.P. (2008). Sadism, sadomasochism, sex, and violence. Canada Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 637-646. [PDF]
KERNBERG, O.F. (1991). Sadomasochism, sexual excitement, and perversion. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 39, 333-362.  
GROSSMAN, W.I. (1991). Pain, aggression, fantasy, and concepts of sadomasochism. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 60, 22-51. [PDF]  

Voir aussi Souffrir, Douleur, Sadisme et Masochisme
Safety Science : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui s'intéresse à la sécurité. Éditeur : Elsevier.
DRUPSTEEN, L. & WYBO, J.L. (2015). Assessing propensity to learn from safety-related events. Safety Science, 71, 28–38.
 
Saffran/Safran/Shafran
Eleanor M. Saffran Jeremy David Safran Roz Shafran
 
Saffran Eleanor M. (1938-2002) : Psychologue neurocognitiviste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des troubles du langage, notamment l'agrammatisme. Collaboratrice de Buxbaum, Martin et Schwartz.
SAFFRAN, E.M., MARIN, O.S. & YENI-KOMASHIAN, G.H. (1976). An analysis of speech perception in word deafness. Brain & Language, 3, 209-228.
SAFFRAN, E.M., SCHWARTZ, M.F. & MARIN, O.S. (1980). The word order problem in agrammatism. II. Production. Brain & Language, 10, 263-280.
SAFFRAN, E.M., SCHWARTZ, M.F. & MARIN, O.S. (1980). The word order problem in agrammatism. I. Comprehension. Brain & Language, 10, 249-262.
SAFFRAN, E.M., SCHWARTZ, M.F. & LINEBARGER, L.C. (1998). Semantic influences on thematic role assignment : evidence from normals and aphasics. Brain & Language, 62, 255-297.
SAFFRAN, E.M. (2000). The organization of semantic memory : in support of a distributed model. Brain & Language, 71, 204-212.
SCHWARTZ, M, COSLETT, B. & MARTIN, N. (2004). In Memoriam : Eleanor M. Saffran. Brain & Language, 89, 1-2.
BEHRMANN, M. & PATTERSON, K. (Eds.) (2006). Words and things : Cognitive neuropsychological studies in tribute to Eleanor M. Saffran. Journal Cognitive Neuropsychology/CRC Press.
Safran Jeremy David (1952-2018 New York) : Psychologue et psychanalyste canadien. Collaborateur de Muran.
SAFRAN, J.D. (1990). Towards a refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory : I. Theory. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 87-105.
SAFRAN, J.D. (1990). Towards a refinement of cognitive therapy in light of interpersonal theory : II. Practice. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 107-121
SAFRAN, J.D. & MURAN, J.C. (1996). The resolution of ruptures in the therapeutic alliance. Journal of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, 64, 447-458.
SAFRAN, J.D. (2002). Brief relational psychoanalytic treatment. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 12, 171-195.
SAFRAN, J.D., MURAN, J.C., SAMSTAG, L. & WINSTON, A. (2005). Evaluating an alliance-focused intervention for potential treatment failures. Psychotherapy, 42, 512-531.
MURAN, J.C. (2019). Jeremy David Safran (1952-2018). American Psychology, 74 (2), 257.
Sagan Carl (Brooklyn 1934-1996 Seattle) : Physicien, astronome et sceptique américain.
SAGAN, C. (1996). The demon-haunted world : Science as a candle in the dark. New York : Random House.
 
 
 
 
Sage : Sagesse : Terme que l'on utilise pour qualifier un individu qui prend les bonnes décisions, fait les bons choix, donne de bons conseils, formule de bons jugements. Wisdom.
   

TAKAHASHI. M. & OVERTON, W.F.(2002). Wisdom : Toward a culturally inclusive understanding. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 267-277
CLAYTON, V. (1975). Erikson's theory of human development as it applies to the aged : Wisdom as contradictory cognition. Human Development, 18 (1-2), 119-128.  SUROWIECKI, J. (2004). The wisdom of crowds : why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations. Doubleday Books.
CLAYTON, V. & BIRREN, J.E. (1980). The development of wisdom across the life-span : A reexamination of an ancient topic. In P.B. Baltes & O.G. Brim (Eds.), Life- span development and behavior (Vol. 3, pp. 103-135). New York : Academic Press. HERZOG, S.M. & HETWIG, R. (2009). The wisdom of many in one mind : improving individual judgments with dialectical bootstrapping. Psychological Science, 20 (2), 231-237.
CLAYTON, V. (1982). Wisdom and intelligence : The nature and function of knowledge in the later years. International. Journal of Aging & Development, 15 (4), 315-321. MANNES, A.E. (2009). Are we wise about the wisdom of crowds ? The use of group judgments in belief revision. Management Science, 55 (8), 1267-1279.
TAKAHASHI, M. & OVERTON, W.F. (2002). Wisdom : Toward a culturally inclusive understanding. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26, 267-277.  
BALTES, P.B. & KUNZMANN, U. (2003). Wisdom. Psychologist, 16, 131-133. RAUHUT, H. & LORENZ, J. (2011). The wisdom of crowds in one mind : How individuals can simulate the knowledge of diverse societies to reach better decisions. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 55 (2), 191-197. [PDF]

Sagvolden Terge (1945-2011) : Psychologue béhavioriste norvégien et spécialiste de l'étude du trouble deficitaire de l'attention. Collaborateur de Artnzen, Catania, Johansen, Killeen, Matthews, Tannock, Tripp et Wickens.
CATANIA, A.C., SAGVOLDEN, T. & KELLER, K.J. (1988). Reinforcement schedules : Retroactive and proactive effects of reinforcers inserted into fixed-interval performances. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 49 (1), 49-73. [PDF]
SAGVOLDEN, T., SLATTA, K. & ARNTZEN, E. (1988). Low doses of methylphenidate (Ritalin) may alter the delay-of-reinforcement gradient. Psychopharmacology, 95, 303-312.
SAGVOLDEN, T., PETTERSEN, M.B. & LARSEN, M.C. (1993). Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as a putative animal model of childhood hyperkinesis : SHR behavior compared to four other rat strains. Physiology & Behavior, 54, 1047-1055.
SAGVOLDEN, T. & BERGER, D.F. (1996). An animal model of attention deficit disorder : The female shows more behavioral problems and is more impulsive than the male. European Psychologist, 1, 113-122.
SAGVOLDEN, T. (2000). Behavioral validation of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as an animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 31-39.
SERGEANT, J., AASE, H., FARAONE, S.V., JOHANSEN, E., KALARIA, R., MEYER, A., RUSSELL, V., SADILE, A., SONUGA-BARKE, E. & TANNOCK, R. (2011). In memoriam Terje Sagvolden. Behavioral & Brain Functions, 7 (5), 1-3. [PDF]
Saint : Voir St-Amand et St-Onge.
Saint-Hilaire Geoffroy Étienne : Voir Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire.
Saklofske Donald Harold ( ) : Psychologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la personnalité, du perfectionnisme et de l'intelligence, notamment l'intelligence émotionnelle. Professeur de Smith. Collaborateur de Flett, Gottfredson, Hewitt, Hill, Petrides, Sherry et Stoeber.
SAKLOFSKE, D.H. (1975). Visual aesthetic complexity, attractiveness and diversive exploration. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 41, 813-814.
SAKLOFSKE, D.H., KELLY, I.W. & McKERRACHER, D.W. (1982). An emprical study of personality and astrological factors. The Journal of Psychology, 110, 275-280. [PDF]
SAKLOFSKE, D.H., KELLY, I.W. & JANZEN, B.L. (1995). Neuroticism, depression, and depression proneness. Personality & Individual Differences, 18, 27-31.
SAKLOFSKE, D.H., AUSTIN, E.J., ROHR, B.A. & ANDREWS, J.WA. (2007). Personality, emotional intelligence, and exercise. Journal of Health Psychology, 12 (6), 937-948. [PDF]
SAKLOFSKE, D.H., AUSTIN, E., MASTORAS, S., BEATON, L. & OSBORNE, S. (2012). Relationships of personality, affect, emotional intelligence and coping with student stress and academic success : Different patterns of association for stress and success. Learning & Individual Differences 22, 251-257.
Sakurai Yoshio ( ) : Neuropsychologue japonais et spécialiste de l'étude de l'encodage de l'information.
SAKURAI, Y. (1996). Hippocampal and neocortical cell assemblies encode memory processes for different types of stimuli in the rat. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 2809-2819.
SAKURAI, Y. (1999). How do cell assemblies encode information in the brain ? Neuroscience & Behavioural Reviews, 23, 785-796.
SAKURAI, Y. (2001). Working memory for temporal and nontemporal events in monkeys. Learning & Memory, 8, 309-316. [PDF]
SAKURAI, Y., TAKAHASHI, S. & INOUE, M. (2004). Stimulus duration in working memory is represented by neuronal activity in the monkey prefrontal cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience, 20 (4), 1069-1080.
SAKURAI, Y. & TAKAHASHI, S. (2006). Dynamic synchrony of firing in the monkey prefrontal cortex during working-memory tasks. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 10141-10153.
Salaire : salarié : Salariat : Ce que l'on verse à autrui en échange de son travail, la plupart du temps de l'argent (mais pas nécessairement), de manière périodique. Sinclair Lewis, concernant le salaire, aurait dit : «Il est difficile de faire comprendre quelque chose à quelqu’un, lorsque son salaire lui impose de ne pas comprendre». Salaire, travail et revenu. = rémunération, paye, employé. * revenu. Salary, earning, pay, job wage, supplement.
   
 WEICK, K.E. (1966). The concept of equity in the perception of pay. Administrative Science Quarterly, 11, 414-439. SEIDEL, M.-D.L., POLZER, J.T. & STEWART, K.J. (2000). Friends in high places : The effects of social networks on discrimination in salary negotiations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45 (1), 1-24.
 COHN, E. (1973). Factors affecting variations in faculty salaries and compensation in institutions of higher education. Journal of Higher Education, 44, 124-136. KEAVNEY, T.J. & INDERRIEDEN, E.J. (2000). Gender differences in pay satisfaction and pay expectations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 12, 363-380.
 SAUSER, W.I., ARAUZ, C.G. & CHAMBERS, R.M. (1978). Exploring the relationship between level of office noise and salary recommendations : A preliminary research note. Journal of Management, 4, 57-63. PERNA, L. (2001). Sex Differences in faculty salaries : A cohort analysis. Review of Higher Education, 24, 283-307.
WATTS, B.L., MESSÉ, L.A. & VALLACHER, R.R. (1982). Toward understanding sex differences in pay allocation : Agency, communion, and reward distribution behavior. Sex Roles, 8, 1175-1187. WADE, M.E. (2001). Women and salary negotiation : The costs of self-advocacy. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25 (1), 65-76.
  O'SHEA, P.G. & BUSH, D.F. (2002). Negotiation for starting salary : Antecedents and outcomes among recent college graduates. Journal of Business & Psychology, 16 (3), 365-382.
FOX, M.F. (1981). Sex, salary, and achievement : Reward-dualism in academia. Sociology of Education, 54 (2), 71-84. JOY, L. (2003). Salaries of recent male and female college graduates' educational and labor market effects. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 56 (4), 606-621.
  LOEB, J.W. (2003). Hierarchical Linear Modeling in Salary-Equity Studies. New Directions for Institutional Research, (117), 69-96.
  PERNA, L. (2003). Studying faculty salary equity : A review of theoretical and methodological approaches. In J.C. Smart (Ed.), Higher education : Handbook of theory and research (Vol. 18, pp. 323-388). Netherlands : Springer.
  BORAAS, S. & ROGERS, W. (2003). How does gender play a role in the wage gap ? Monthly Labor Review, 126, 9-11.
  GINTHER, D.K. (2004). Why women earn less: Economic explanations for the gender salary gap in science. AWIS Magazine, 33, 6-10.
MAJOR, B., VANDERSLICE, V. & McFALIN, D.B. (1984). Effects of pay expected on pay received : The confirmatory nature of initial expectations. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14 (5), 399-412. BLACKABY, D., BOOTH A.L. & FRANK, J. (2005). Outside offers and the gender pay gap : Empirical evidence from the UK academic labour market. The Economic Journal, 115 (501), 81-107.
  SIEGEL, P.A. & HAMBRICK, D.C. (2005). Pay disparities within top management groups : Evidence of harmful effects on performance of high-technology firms. Organization Science, 16, 259-274.
MAJOR, B. & FORCEY, B. (1985). Social comparisons and pay evaluations : Preferences for same-sex and same-job wage comparisons. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21 (4), 393-405 BABBEZAT, D.A. & HUGHES, J.W. (2005). Salary structure effects and the gender pay gap in academia. Research in Higher Education, 46 (6), 621-640.
FOX, M.F. (1985). Location, sex-typing, and salary among academics. Work & Occupations, 12 (2), 186-205. EHRENBERG, R.M., McGRAW, M. & MRDJENOVIC, J. (2006). Why do eld di erentials in average faculty salaries vary across universities ? Economics of Education Review, 25, 241-248. [PDF]
  LEMIEUX, T. (2006). The changing nature of wage inequality. Journal of Population Economics, 21 (1), 21-48.
CARD, D. (1986). An empirical model of wage indexation provisions in union contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 94 (3), 144-175. [PDF] LEMIEUX, T. (2006). Increasing residual wage inequality : Composition effects, noisy data, or rising demand for skill ? American Economic Review 96 (3), 461-498.
PFEFFER, J. & DAVIS-BLAKE, A. (1987). The effect of the proportion of women on salaries : The case of college administrators. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32 (1), 1-24. TAYLOR, D. (2007). Employment preferences and salary expectations of students in science and engineering. Professional Biologist, 57, 175-185.
CARD, D. & LEMIEUX, T. (1994). Changing wage structure and Black-White wage differentials : A longitudinal analysis. American Economic Review Papers & Proceedings 84, 29- 33. TOUTKOUSHIAN, R.K., BELLAS, M.L. & MOORE. J.V. (2007). The interaction effects of gender, race, and marital status on faculty salaries. The Journal of Higher Education, 78 (5), 572-601.
CARD, D. & KRUEGER, A.B. (1995). Time-series minimum wage studies : A meta-analysis. American Economic Review, 85 (2), 238-243. [PDF] HERBOUT V. et GUÉGUEN, N. (2008). L'effet d'une procédure engageante par étapes sur l'adhésion des salariés au projet d'amélioration continue. Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations, 14 (2), 101-138. [PDF]
ORNSTEIN, M. & STEWART, P. (1996). Gender and faculty pay in Canada. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 21 (4), 461-481. DOUCET, C., DURAND, C. & SMITH, M. (2008). Who gets market supplements ? Gender differences within a large canadian university. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 38 (1), 67-103. [PDF]
BELLAS, M. (1997). Disciplinary differences in faculty salaries: Does gender bias play a role ? Journal of Higher Education, 68 (3), 299–321. JUDGE, T.A. & LIVINGSTON, B.A. (2008). Is the gap more than gender ? A longitudinal analysis of gender, gender role orientation, and earnings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93 (5), 994-1012. [PDF]
EHRENBERG, R.M., PIEPER, P.L. & WILLIS, R.A. (1998). Do economics departments with lower tenure probabilities pay higher faculty salaries ? Review of Economics & Statistics, 80, 503-512. CURTIS, J.W. (2010). Faculty salary equity : Still a gender gap ? On Campus with Women, 39 (1).
CARD, D. KRAMARZ, F. & LEMIEUX, T. (1999). Changes in the relative structure of wages and employment : A comparison of the United States, Canada, and France. Canadian Journal of Economics, 32, 843-877. DAHL, C.D., LE MAIRE, D. & MUNCH, J.R. (2013). Wage dispersion and decentralization of wage bargaining. Journal of Labor Economics, 31 (3), 501-533.
HEARN, J.C. (1999). Faculty salary structures in research universities : Implications for productivity. In W.G. Tierney (Ed.), Faculty productivity : Facts, fictions, and issues (pp. 123-173). New York : Falmer Press. RIPPNER, J.A. & TOUTKOUSHIAN, R.K. (2015). The "big bang" in public and private faculty salaries. Journal of Education Finance, 41 (2), 103-123.
RIZZO, J.A. & ZECKHAUSER, J. (1999). Pushing incomes to reference points : Why do male doctors earn more ? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 63 (3), 514-536. [PDF] WEBBER, K.L. & CANCHÉ, M.G. (2015). Not equal for all : Gender and race differences in salary for doctoral degree recipients. Research in Higher Education, 56, 645-672. [PDF]


  Voir aussi Revenu, Différence sexuelle, Paiement à l'acte, Paiement à salaire et Travail
 
Salamone/Salmon/Salomon
John D. Salamone Wesley C. Salmon Jean-Jaques Salomon
 
Salamone John D. ( ) : Neuropsychologue et spécialiste de l'étude des noyaux accumbens, de la dopamine et de la motivation.
SALAMONE, J.D. (1988). Dopaminergic involvement in activational aspects of motivation : effects of haloperidol on schedule induced activity, feeding and foraging in rats. Psychobiology, 16, 196-206.
SALAMONE, J.D., CORREA, M., MINGOTE, S. & WEBER, S.M. (1996). Nucleus accumbens dopamine and the regulation of effort in food-seeking behavior : implications for studies of natural motivation, psychiatry, and drug abuse. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 305 (1), 1-8. [PDF] + [PDF]
 SALAMONE, J.D. & CORREA, M., FARRAR, A.M., NUNES, E.J. & PARDO, M. (2009). Dopamine, behavioral economics, and effort. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 3, 1-12. [PDF]
 SALAMONE, J.D. & CORREA, M. (2012). The mysterious motivational functions of mesolimbic dopamine. Neuron, 76 (3), 470-485. [PDF]
 SALAMONE, J.D., YOHN. S.E., LOPEZ-CRUZ, L., SAN MIGUEL, N. & CORREA, M. (2016). Activational and effort-related aspects of motivation : neural mechanisms and implications for psychopathology. Brain, 139 (5), 1325-1347. [PDF]
Salas Eduardo ( ) : Psychologue industriel et organisationel américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'entraînement et du travail d'équipe. Collaborateur de Arvey, Driskell et Hogan.
 SALAS, E. & GLICKMAN, A.S. (1990). Organizational behavior, socio-technical systems theory and quality of work life : The Peruvian experience. Latin American Journal of Psychology, 22, 69-82.
 SALAS, E. & CANNON-BOWERS, J.A. (2000). The science of training : A decade of progress. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 471-499.
 SALAS, E., MILHAM, L.M. & BOWERS, C.A. (2003). Training evaluation in the military : Misconceptions, opportunities, and challenges. Military Psychology, 15 (1), 3-16. [PDF]
 SALAS, E., COOKE, N.J. & GORMAN, J.C. (2010). The science of team performance : Progress and the need for more. Human Factors, 52, 344-346.
 SALAS, E., TANNENBAUM, S.I., KRAIGER, K. & SMITH-JENTSCH, K.A. (2012). The science of training and development in organizations : What matters in practice. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13 (2), 74-101. [PDF]
Salience : Salient : Caractère prépondérant d'un stimulus, qui se démarque, attire l'attention et de ce fait favorise le déclenchement d'une réponse. = prépondérance, mise en évidence. Salience et effet de constraste. Salience, saliency.
   
KALAT, J.W. & ROZIN, P. (1970)."Salience" : A factor which can over-ride temporal contiguity in taste-aversion learning. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 71, 192-197. NOTHDURFT, H.-C. (2000). Salience from feature contrast : additivity across dimensions. Vision Research, 40, 1183-1201.
HAMILTON, D. & FALLOT, R. (1974). Information salience as a weighting facor in impression formation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 30, 444-448.
ROSS, M. (1975). Salience of reward and intrinsic motivation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32, 245-254. LICKLITER R. & BAHRICK, L.E. (2001). The salience of multimodal sensory stimulation in early development : Implications for the issue of ecological validity. Infancy, 2, 451-467. [PDF]
TAYLOR, S.E. & FISKE, S.T. (1978). Salience, attention and attribution : Top of the head phenomena. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 11, pp. 249-288). New York : Academic Press. BAHRICK, L.E., GOGATE, L.J. & RUIZ, I. (2002). Attention and memory for faces and actions in infancy: the salience of actions over faces in dynamic events. Child Development, 73, 1629–1643.
TAYLOR, S.E., CROCKER, J., FISKE, S.T., SPRINZEN, M. & WINKLER, J.D. (1979). The generalizability of salience effects. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37, 357-368. PARKURST, D., LAW, K. & NIEBUR, E. (2002). Modeling the role of salience in the allocation of overt visual attention. Vision Research, 42 (1), 107-123. [PDF]
TAYLOR, S.E., FISKE, S.T., TAYLOR, S.E., FISKE, S.T., KENNY, D.A. & TAYLOR, S.E. (1982). Structural models for the mediation of salience effects. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 105-127. WIXTED, J.T. & GAITAN, S. (2004). Stimulus salience and asymmetric forgetting in the pigeon. Learning & Behavior, 32, 173-182. [PDF]
COWAN, N. & DAVIDSON, G. (1984). Salient childhood memories. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 145, 101-107. EGETH, H.E., LEONARD, C.J. & LEBER, A.B. (2010). Why salience is not enough : Reflections on top-down selection in vision. Acta Psychologica, 135, 130-132. [PDF]
OAKES, P.J., TURNER, J.C. & HASLAM, S.A. (1991). Perceiving people as group members : The role of fit in the salience of social categorizations. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 125-144. TRÉMOLIÈRE, B., DE NEYS, W. & BONNEFON, J.F. (2012). Mortality salience and morality : Thinking about death makes people less utilitarian. Cognition, 124, 379-384.
MULLEN, B., BROWN, R. & SMITH, C. (1992). Ingroup bias as a function of salience, relevance, and status : An integration. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22, 103-122. ADAM, K.C.S. & SERENCES, J.T. (2021). History modulates early sensory processing of salient distractors. Journal of Neuroscience, 41 (38), 8007-8022. [PDF]

Voir aussi Vividité et Effet de contraste
Saliver : Salivation : Voir Réflexe salivaire. Salivary reflex, salivary secretion.
Salkovskis Paul M. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste anglais, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'anxiété, de l'inquiétude et des trouble de l'anxiété et obsessionel-compulsif. Collaborateur de Arntz, Barlow, Clark, Ehlers, Foa, Freeston, Hollon, Fairburn, Ost, Shafran, Steketee, Williams, Wells et Wilson.
SALKOVSKIS, P.M. & RIMES, K.A. (1997). The cognitive-behavioural approach to health anxiety (hypochondriasis). Revista de Psicopatologia y Psyicologia Clinica, 2, 113-122.
SALKOVSKIS, P.M. (1999). Understanding and treating obsessive compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 37 (S), 29-52. [PDF]
SALKOVSKIS, P.M. (2001). Obsessions, compulsions, motivation, and responsibility for harm. Australian Journal of Psychology, 53 (1), 1-6.
SALKOVSKIS, P.M. & MILLAR, J. (2016). Still cognitive after all these years ? Perspectives for a cognitive behavioural theory of obsessions and where we are 30 years later. Australian Psychologist, 51 (1), 14-17.
SALKOVSKIS, P.M., MILLAR, J., GREGORY, J. & WAHL, K (2017). The termination of checking and the role of just right feelings : A study of obsessional checkers compared with anxious and non-clinical controls. Behavioural & Cognitive Psychotherapy, 45 (2), 139-155.
Salle de jeu : Voir Jeu (Aire). Playroom.
Salmivalli Christina ( ) : Psychologue finlandaise et spécialiste de l'étude du harcèlement en milieu scolaire. Collaboratrice de Lagerspetz et Björkqvist.
SALMIVALLI, C., LAGERSPETZ, K. BJÖRKQVIST, K., OSTERMAIM, K. & KAUKIANEN A. (1996). Bullying as a group process : Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15.
SALMIVALLI, C., HUTTUNEN, A. & LAGERSPETZ, K. (1997). Peer networks and bullying in schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38, 305-312.
SALMIVALLI, C. & NIEMINEN, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression in bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior, 28, 30-44.
SALMIVALLI, C. & VOETEN, M. (2004). Connections between attitudes, group norms, and behaviour in bullying situations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 246-258.
SALMIVALLI, C. (2010). Bullying and the peer group : A review. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 15, 112-120. [PDF]
Salamone/Salmon/Salomon/Solomon
John D. Salamone Wesley C. Salmon Jean-Jaques Salomon
Gabriel Salomon Richard Lester Solomon
 
Salmon Wesley C. (1925-2001) : Philosophe et épistémologue américain. Il est l'un des chefs de file de l'empirisme constructif. Il s'est intéressé au statut et la nature de l'explication scientifique, ainsi qu'au rôle de la causalité et de l'induction. Étudiant de Reichenbach. Collaborateur de Grünbaum.
SALMON, W.C. (1965). The status of prior probabilities in statistical explanation. Philosophy of Science, 32, 137-146.
SALMON, W.C. (1967). The foundations of scientific inference. Pittsburg : University of Pittsburgh Press.
SALMON, W.C. (1984). Scientific explanation and the causal structure of the world. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
SALMON, W.C. (1989). Four decades of scientific explanation. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
SALMON, W.C. (1998). Causality and explanation. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
HACKING, I. (1965). Salmon's vindication of induction. Journal of Philosophy, 66, 260-266.
VAN FRAASSEN, B.C. (1982). Rational belief and the common cause principle. In R. McLaughlin (Ed.), What ? Where ? When ? Why ? Essays in honour of Wesley Salmon, (pp. 193-209). Dordrecht : Reidel.
DOWE, P. (1992). Wesley Salmon's process theory of causality and the conserved quantity theory. Philosophy of Science, 59, 195-216.
DOWE, P. (1995). Causality and conserved quantities : A reply to Salmon. Philosophy of Science, 62, 321-333.
Salomon Gavriel (1938-2016) : Psychologue israélien et spécialiste de l'étude des effets psychologiques des médias, notamment de la la télévision.
SALOMON, G. (1972). Can we affect cognitive skills through visual media ? An hypothesis and initial findings. AV Communication Review, 20 401-422.
SALOMON, G. & COHEN, A. (1977). Television formats : Mastery of mental skils, and the acquisition of knowledge. Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, 612-619.
SALOMON, G. (1983). The differential investment of mental effort in learning from different sources. Educational Psychologist, 18 (1), 42-50.
SALOMON, G. (1984). Television is "easy" and print is "tough" : the differential investment of mental effort in learning as a function of perceptions and attributions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 76 (4), 647-658.
SALOMON, G. (1997). Of mind an and media : How culture's symbolic forms affect learning and thinking. Phi Delta Kappan, 78 (5), 375-380.
Salomon Jean-Jacques (Metz France 1929-2008) : Historien des sciences, épistémologue et philosophe français, spécialisé dans l'étude des relations entre la science et le pouvoir (militaire, politique, entreprises privées, etc.). Très critique du travail des scientifiques, et surtout de la marchandisation et de la militarisation des savoirs technologique et scientifique. Étudiant de Aron et Canguilhem.
SALOMON, J-J. (1970/89). Science et politique. Paris : Le Seuil/Economica.
SALOMON, J-J. (1989). Science, guerre et paix. Paris : Economica.
SALOMON, J-J. (2001). Le scientifique et le guerrier. Paris : Belin.
SALOMON, J-J. (2006). Les scientifiques. Entre savoir et pouvoir. Paris : Albin Michel.
SALOMON, J-J. (2007). Une civilisation à hauts risques. Paris : Éditions Charles Léopold Mayer.
Salovey Peter (1958-) : Psychosociologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la jalousie. Avec Mayer, il a développé le concept d'intelligence émotionelle. Collaborateur de Hsee, Levy, Linville, Mayer, Rodin, Rosenhan et Williams.
SALOVEY, P. & RODIN, J. (1984). Some antecedents and consequences of social-comparison jealousy. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 47, 780-792.
SALOVEY, P. & MAYER, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition & Personality, 9 (3), 185-211. [PDF]
SALOVEY, P., HSEE, C.K. & MAYER, J.D. (1993). Emotional intelligence and the self-regulation of affect. In D. Wegner & J. Pennebaker (Eds.), The handbook of mental control. Eaglewood Cliff, NJ : Prentice Hall. [PDF]
SALOVEY, P., ROTHMAN, A.J., DETWEILER, J.B. & STEWARD, W. (2000). Emotional states and physical health. American Psychologist, 55, 110-121. [PDF]
SALOVEY, P., STROUD, L.R., WOOLERY, A. & EPEL, E.S. (2002). Perceived emotional intelligence, stress reactivity, and symptom reports : Further explorations using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Psychology & Health, 17, 611-627. [PDF]
Salpêtrière (La...) : Asile parisien ouvert en 1657. Pinel, Charcot, Gilles de la Tourette et Janet y ont exercé la médecine et la psychiatrie (travaux sur l'hystérie et l'hypnose).
   
GILLES DE LA TOURETTE, G. (1895). Traité clinique et thérapeutique de l'hystérie d'après l'enseignement de La Salpêtrière. Paris : Plon.
Salthouse Timothy A. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialiste de l'étude l'intelligene fluide et de la mémoire, et notamment de son déclin et de son vieillissement. Il s'intéresse également aux différences d'âge. Collaborateur de Craik et Kail.
 SALTHOUSE, T.A. & PRILL, K.A. (1987). Inferences about age impairmerits in inferential reasoning. Psychology & Aging, 2, 43-51
 SALTHOUSE, T.A. (2010). Is flanker-based inhibition related to age ? Identifying specific influences of individual differences on neurocognitive variables. Brain & Cognition, 73, 51-61. [PDF]
 SALTHOUSE, T.A. (2010). Selective review of cognitive aging. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 754-760. [PDF]
 SALTHOUSE, T.A. & MANDELL, A.R. (2013). Do age-related increases in tip-of-the-tongue experiences signify episodic memory impairments ? Psychological Science, 24, 2489-2497. [PDF]
 SALTHOUSE, T.A. (2014). Relations between running memory and fluid intelligence. Intelligence, 43, 1-7. [PDF]
Salvucci Dario D. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine italienne, et spécialiste de l'étude du multitâche, notamment lors de l'usage d'un ordinateur ou en conduisant une voiture. Étudiant d'Anderson.
SALVUCCI, D.D. & ANDERSON, J.R. (2001). Integrating analogical mapping and general problem solving : The path-mapping theory. Cognitive Science, 25, 67-110. [PDF]
SALVUCCI, D.D. & MACUGA, K.L. (2002). Predicting the effects of cellular-phone dialing on driver performance. Cognitive Systems Research, 3, 95-102. [PDF]
SALVUCCI, D.D. (2005). A multitasking general executive for compound continuous tasks. Cognitive Science, 29, 457-492. [PDF]
SALVUCCI, D.D. & TAATGEN, N.A. (2008). Threaded cognition : An integrated theory of concurrent multitasking. Psychological Review, 115 (1), 101-130. [PDF]
SALVUCCI, D.D. & TAATGEN, N.A. (2011). Toward a unified view of cognitive control. Topics in Cognitive Science, 3, 227-230. [PDF]
Salzinger Kurt (Vienne 1929-2018) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, d'origine autrichienne, spécialisé dans l'étude du comportement verbal. Il s'intéresse également à la schizophrénie. Étudiant de Keller. Collaborateur de Zubin.
SALZINGER, K. (1959). Experimental manipulation of verbal behavior : a review. Journal of General Psychology, 61, 65-94.
SALZINGER, K. (1973). Inside the black box, with apologies to Pandora. A review of Ulric Neisser's cognitive psychology. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 19 (2), 369-378. [PDF]
SALZINGER, K. (2005). Clinical, statistical, and broken-leg predictions. Behavior & Philosophy, 33, 91-99. [PDF]
SALZINGER, K. (2006). Schizophrenia and the immediacy mechanism. American Psychologist, 61, 74-75. [PDF]
SALZINGER, K. (2008). Skinner's verbal behavior. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 8 (3), 287-294. [PDF]
 FELDMAN, R.S. ( ). Salzinger, Kurt. In Encyclopedia of the history of psychological theories.
Salzman Leon (Brooklyn 2015-2009 Bethesda) : Médecin et psychanalyste américain. Il s'intéresse notamment aux obsessions et au trouble obessionnel-compulsif. (TOC).
SALZMAN, L. (1965). Obsessions and phobias. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 2, 1-25.
SALZMAN, L. (1972). Obsessive-compulsive aspects of obesity. Psychiatry Medicine, 3 (1), 29-36.
SALZMAN, L. (1979). Psychoanalytic therapy of the obsessional patient. Current Psychiatric Therapies, 22, 53-59.
SALZMAN, L. & THALER, F.H. (1981). Obsessive-compulsive disorders : a review of the literature. American Journal of Psychiatry, 38 (3), 286-296.
SALZMAN, L. (1985). Psychotherapeutic management of obsessive-compulsive patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 39 (3), 323-330.
Samaritain (Le bon...) : Personne qui aide les autres sans rien attendre en retour. Bon samaritain, altruisme et comportement d'aide.= aidant, héros. Good samaritanism.
   
PILIAVIN, I.M., RODIN, J. & PILIAVIN, J.A. (1969). Good samaritanism : an underground phenomenon ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 13, 289-299.
 McKENNA, R.H. (1976). Good Samaritanism in rural and urban settings : A nonreactive comparison of helping behavior of clergy and control subjects. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 7, 58-65.
Samelson Franz (Wroclaw 1923-2015 Manhattan) : Psychologue américain, d'origine polonaise, et historiens des sciences, spécialisé dans l'étude de la psychologie sociale.

SAMELSON, F. (1974). History, origin myth and ideology : Discovery of social psychology. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 4 (2), 217-231.
SAMELSON, F. (1978). From race psychology to studies in prejudice : Some observations on the thematic reversal in (social) psychology. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 14, 265-278.
SAMELSON, F. (1980). Watson's little Albert, Cyril Burt's twins, and the need for a critical science. American Psychologist, 35, 619-625.
SAMELSON, F. (1993). History from the top down. Annals of Theoretical Psychology, 8, 59-64. [PDF]
SAMELSON, F. (1997). What to do about fraud charges in science; or, will the Burt affair ever end ? Genetica, 99 (2-3), 145-151.
HARRIS, B. (2016). Franz Samelson (1923-2015). American Psychologist, 71 (1), 76.
Sampson Wallace Ira (Hollywood 1930-2015 Los Angeles) : Médecin américain et critique de la médecine alternative. = Wally Sampson.
 SAMPSON, W.I. (1995). Antiscience trends in the rise of the “alternative medicine’movement. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 775 (1), 188-197.
 SAMPSON, W.I. & LONDON, W. (1995). Analysis of homeopathic treatment of childhood diarrhea. Pediatrics, 96, 961-964.
 SAMPSON, W.I. & VAUGHN, L. (Eds.) (2000). Science meets alternative medicine : What the evidence says about unconventional treatments. New York : Prometheus Books.
 
 
Samuelson Paul Anthony (Gary États-Unis 1915-2009 Belmont États-Unis) : Économiste américain et lauréat du prix Nobel d'économie en 1970. Étudiant de Leontief et Schumpeter.
SAMUELSON, P.A. (1947/71). Les fondements de l’analyse économique. Édition Gauthier-Villars.
SAMUELSON, P.A. (1950). The problem of integrability in utility theory. Economica, 17 (68), 355-385. [PDF]
SAMUELSON, P.A. (1958). An exact consumption-loan model of interest with or without the social contrivance of money. The Journal of Political Economy, 66, 467-482.
SAMUELSON, P.A. (1965). Using full duality to show that simultaneously additive direct and indirect utilities implies unitary price elasticity of demand. Econometrica, 33 (4), 781-796.
SAMUELSON, P.A. (1993). Altruism as a problem involving group versus individual selection in economics and biology. The American Economic Review, 83, 143-148.
Sanchez-Ruiz Maria-Jose ( ) : Psychologue espagnole et spécialiste de l'étude de l'intelligence émotionnelle. Collaboratrice de Petrides et Saklofske.
SANCHEZ-RUIZ, M.J., PRERZ-GONZALEZ, J.C. & PETRIDES, K.V. (2010). Trait emotional intelligence profiles of students from different university faculties. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62 (5), 1-57.
SANCHEZ-RUIZ, M.J., HERNANDEZ-TORRANO, D., PEREZ-GONZALEZ, J.C., BATEY, M. & PETRIDES, K.V. (2011). The relationship between trait emotional intelligence and creativity across different subject domains. Motivation & Emotion, 35 (4), 461-473. [PDF]
SANCHEZ-RUIZ, M.J. & BAAKLINI, A. (2018). Individual and social correlates of aggressive behavior in Lebanese undergraduates : The role of trait emotional intelligence. The Journal of Social Psychology, 158 (3), 350-360.
SANCHEZ-RUIZ, M.J., MERHI, R. & NICOLAOU, M. (2020). The role of trait emotional intelligence in appearance perception. International Journal of Adolescence & Youth, 25 (1), 932-944.
SANCHEZ-RUIZ, M.J., TADROS, N., KHALAF, T., EGO, V., EISENBECK, N., CARRENO, D.F. & NASSAR E. (2021). Trait emotional intelligence and wellbeing during the pandemic : The mediating role of meaning-centered coping. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 13-15. [PDF]
Sanction : Punition légale, généralement ordonnée par la cour ou une autorité administrative. Souvent utilisé au pluriel. Sanctions, economic sanctions.
   
Sandell Rolf ( ) : Psychologue et psychanalyste suédois, spécialisé dans l'étude de la relation thérapeutique. Collaborateur de Werbart.
SANDELL, R. BLOMBERG, J., LAZAR, A., CARLSSON, J., BROBERG, J. & SCHUBERT, J. (2000). Varieties of long- term outcome among patients in psychonalysis and long-term psychotherapy. A review of findings in the Stockholm Outcome of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Project (STOPPP). International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 81, 921-942.
SANDELL, R., BLOMBERG, J. & LAZAR, A. (2002). Time matters. On temporal interactions in psychoanalysis and long-term psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 12 (1), 39-58.
SANDELL, R., CARLSSON, J., SCHUBERT, J., BROBERG, J., LAZAR, A. & GRANT, J. (2004). Therapist attitudes and patient outcomes. I. Development and validation of the Therapeutic Attitudes Scales (TASC 2). Psychotherapy Research, 14, 471-486.
SANDELL, R., LAZAR, A., GRANT, J., CARLSSON, J., SCHUBERT, J. & BROBERG, J. (2006). Therapist attitudes and patient outcomes. III. A latent class analysis of therapists. Psychology and Psychotherapy : Theory, Research & Practice, 79, 629-647.
SANDELL, R. & WICZEK, A. (2016). Another way to think about psychological change : experiential vs. incremental. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 18 (3), 228-251. [PDF]
Sanders Mavis G. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'éducation. Collaborateur de Epstein, Van Voohris et Sheldon.
SANDERS, M.G. (2001). How parental liaisons can help bridge home and school. Journal of Educational Research, 101, 287-297. [PDF]
SANDERS, M.G. (2001). The role of "community" in comprehensive school, family, and community partnership programs. The Elementary School Journal, 102 (1), 19-34.
SANDERS, M.G. (2003). Community involvement in schools : From concept to practice. Education and Urban Society, 35 (2), 161-181.
SANDERS, M.G. (2012). Achieving scale at the district level : A longitudinal multiple case study of a partnership reform. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48 (1), 154-186.
SANDERS, M.G. (2012). Sustaining programs of school, family, and community partnerships : A qualitative longitudinal study of two districts. Educational Policy, 26, 845-869.
Sandman Curt A. ( ) : Psychiatre américain et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de l'automutilation.Collaborateur de Cataldo Deleon, Fisher, Horner, Iwata, Rojahn, Schroeder, Symons et Thompson.
SANDMAN, C.A., BARRON, J.L., CHIKCZ-DEMET, A. & DEMET, E. (1990). Plasma b-endorphin levels in patients with self- injurious behavior and stereotypy. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 95, 3–10.
SANDMAN, C.A., BARRON, J.L. & COLMAN, H. (1990). An oraly administered opiate blocker, naltrexone, attenuates self-injurious behavior. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 95, 93-102.
SANDMAN, C.A., HETRICK, W.P., TAYLOR, D.V., BARRON, J.L., TOUCHETTE, P.E., LOTT, I., CRINELLA, F. & MARTINAZZI, V. (1993). Naltrexone reduces self- injury and improves learning. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 1, 242–258.
SANDMAN, C.A., TOUCHETTE, P.E., MARION, S.D. & CHICZ-DEMET, A. (2008). The role of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in sequentially dependent self-injurious behaviour. Developmental Psychobiology, 50 (7), 680–689.
SANDMAN, C.A., KEMP, A.S., MABINI, C., PINCUS, D. & MAGNUSSON, M. (2012). The role of self-injury in the organisation of behaviour. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56 (5), 516-526.
Sanford Edmund Clark (Oakland 1859-1924 Boston) : Psychologue américain. Membre fondateur et dixième président de l'APA en 1902. Étudiant de Hall.
 SANDFORD, E.C. (1892). A laboratory course in physiological psychology. American Journal of Psychology, 4, 141-155.
 SANDFORD, E.C. (1893). Some pratical sggestions on the equipment of a psychological laboratory. American Journal of Psychology, 5, 429-438.
 SANDFORD, E.C. (1897). A course in experimental psychology. Boston : Heath. [LIRE]


 MAYER, R.W. (1972). Edmund Clark Sanford (1859-1924). Proceedings, 80th Annual Convention, APA,775-776. [LIRE]
 GOODWIN, C.J. (1987). In Hall's shadow: Edmund Clark Sanford (1859-1924). Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 23 (2), 153-68.
Sang : Blood.
 
Sang
Cosanguinité Don de sang Pression sanguine
 
Sang (Don) : Voir Don de sang. Blood donation.
Sanna Lawrence J. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'optimisme et du pessimisme. Collaborateur de D'zurilla et Schwarz. = Larry Sanna.
SANNA, L.J. (1992). Self-efficacy theory : Implications for social facilitation and social loafing. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 62 (5), 774-786. [PDF]
 SANNA, L.J., TURLEY-AMES, K.J. & MEIER, S. (1999). Mood, self-esteem, and simulated alternatives : Thought-provoking affective influences on counterfactual direction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 76, 543-558.
 SANNA, L.J., CHANG, E.C. & CARTER, S.E. (2004). All our troubles seem so far away : Temporal pattern to accessible alternatives and retrospective team appraisals. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1359-1371.
 SANNA, L.J. & SCHWARZ, N. (2004). Integrating temporal biases : The interplay of focal thoughts and accessibility experiences. Psychological Science, 15, 474-481. [PDF]
 SANNA, L.J. & SCHWARZ, N. (2006). Metacognitive experiences and human judgment : The case of hindsight bias and its debiasing. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 172-176.
Sans-abris : Voir Itinérance. = sans domicile fixe. Homeless.
Santé : État de celui ou celle qui n'est pas malade ou qui ne souffre pas. Au sens large, le terme recouvre aussi bien la santé physique que mentale. Santé et médecine béhaviorale. / maladie biologique, maladie mentale Health.
 
Types de santé
Santé physique / Maladie biologique Santé mentale / Maladie mentale
 
   
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  FREDERICK, D.A., BUCHANAN, G.M., SADEGHI-AZAR, L., PEPLAU, L.A., HASELTON, M.G., BEREZOVSKAYA, A. & LIPINSKI, R.E. (2007). Desiring the muscular ideal : Men's body satisfaction in the United States, Ukraine, and Ghana. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 103-107. [PDF]
BAUM, A., GATCHEL, R.J. & KRANTZ, D.S. (1997). Introduction to health psychology. New York : McGraw-Hill. DOVIDIO, J.F., PENNER, L.A., ALBRECHT, L.B., NORTON, W.E., GAERTNER, S.L. & SHELTON, N.J. (2008). Disparities and distrust : The implications of psychological processes for understanding racial disparities in health and health care. Social Science & Medicine, 67, 478-486. [PDF]
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MARMOT, M. (1999). Epidemiology of socioeconomic status and health : Are determinants within countries the same as between ccountries ? Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 16-29. DIENER, E., NG, W., HARTER, J. & ARORA, R. (2008). Wealth and happiness across the world : Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, whereas psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 99 (1), 52-61. [PDF]
ADLER, N.E., MARMOT, M., McEWEN, B.S. & STEWART, J. (Eds.). (1999). Socioeconomic status and health in industrial nations : Social, psychological, and biological pathways. New York : Annals of the New York Academy of Sciencess.  UMBERSON, D. & KARAS-MONTEZ, J. (2010). Social relationships and health : A flashpoint for health policy. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 51 (S), 54-66. [PDF]
COHEN, S. (1999). Social status and susceptibility to respiratory infections. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 246-253. [PDF] DOVIDIO, J.F. & FISKE, S.T. (2012). Under the radar : How unexamined biases in decision-making processes in clinical interactions can contribute to health care disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 102 (5), 945-952. [PDF]

Voir aussi Exercice physique et Santé mentale
Santé Canada : Organisme fédéral canadien responsable d'aider les Canadiens à maintenir et à améliorer leur santé physique et mentale.
   
Santé communautaire : Par opposition au modèle hopistalo-centriste, qui concentre ses effectifs et ses ressources dans de grands centres hospitaliers, la santé communautaire est une conception de la santé qui promeut la décentralisation des ressources médicales, sociales et psychologiques, de manière à ce qu'elles soient moins influencées par le modèle médico-psychiatrique. Santé communautaire, désintitutionnalisation et ressource alternative. /modèle hospitalo-centriste.
   
Santé mentale : Terme défini par la négative, la santé étant l'absence de maladie ou de troubles mentaux. Il s'agit d'un concept générique d'une rectitude politique exemplaire qui recouvre une multitude de problèmes allant du simple stress jusqu'aux problèmes lourds comme la psychose ou le suicide. Il existe trois niveaux d'intervention aux problèmes de santé mentale : 1-2) L'individu se soigne lui-même, grâce à ses ressources personnelles et sociales; 3) Les soins offerts par un para-professionnel, souvent hors du système de santé mentale (ressources alternative); 4) Le système de santé et la psychiatrie pratiquée dans les hôpitaux et les instituts psychiatriques (psychologue, travailleurs sociaux, médecin, psychiatre, etc). Santé mentale, santé et normalité psychologie. = trouble psychologique. /maladie mentale. Mental health, psychology health, mental ill, mental illness.
 
Échelle de gravité des troubles mentaux
En santé Trouble mineur/léger Trouble majeur/lourd
0 1 2 3 4
Absence de trouble Que l'on peut résoudre soi-même Qui peut être résolu grâce à nos ressources sociales Qui peut être résolu grâce aux soins d'un para-professionnel Qui requiert les services d'un professionel
 
 
LOW, B. (1926). The foundations of mental health. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 7, 85-86. YING, Y.W. & ZHANG, X. (1995). Mental health in rural and urban Chinese families. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26 (2), 233-246.
HOLLINGSHEAD, A. & REDICH, F. (1958). Social class and mental illnes. New York, NY : John Wiley & Sons inc. COLBERT, T. (1996). Brokenn brains or wounded hearts : What causes mental illness ? Santa Ana, CA : KevcD.
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  JACKSON, J.S., BROWN, T.N., WILLIAMS, D.R., TORRES, M., SELLERS, S.L. & BROWN, K. (1996). Racism and the physical and mental health status of African Americans : A thirteen year national panel study. Ethnicity & Disease, 6, 132-147.
BOWLBY, J. (1946). Neurosis and the mental health services. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 27, 65-66. SECHZER, J.A., PFAFFIN, S.M., DENMARK, F.L. & GRIFFIN, A. (1996). Women and mental health. New York : New York Academy of Sciences.
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NUNNALY, J. (1982). Popular conception sof mental health. New York, NY : Holt, Rinehart & Wniston. BAUM, A., GATCHEL, R.J. & KRANTZ, D.S. (1997). Introduction to health psychology. New York : McGraw-Hill.
  MARKOVITZ, F. (1998). The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 39, 335-347.
JACKSON, F. (1982). Epiphenomenal qualia. Philosophical Quarterly, 32, 127-136. PENNER, L.A., ALBRECHT, T.L., COLEMAN, D.K. & NORTON, W. (2007). Interpersonal perspectives on Black-White health disparities : Social policy implications. Social Issues & Policy Review, 1 (1), 63-98. [PDF]
KOHUT, H. (1982). Introspection, empathy, and the semi-circle of mental health. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 63, 395-407. VALENSTEIN, E.S. (1998). Blaming the brain : The truth about drugs and mental health. New York : The Free Press.
WARR, P. (1984). Economic recession and mental health: A review of research. Tijdschrift voor Sociale Gezondheidszorg, 62 (8), 298-308. WILLIAMS, D.R. & WILLIAMS-MORRIS, R. (2000). Racism and mental health : The African American experience. Ethnicity & Health, 5 (3/4), 243-268.
HORGAN, T. (1987). Supervenient qualia. Philosophical Review, 96 (4), 491-520. CORRIGAN, P.W., RIVER, L.P., LUNDIN, R.K., PENN, D.L., UPHOFF-ASOWKI, K., CAMPION, J., MATHISEN, J., GAGNON, C., BERGMAN, M., GOLDSTEIN, H. & KUBIAK, M.A. (2001). Three strategies for changing attributions about severe mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 27 (2), 187-95. [PDF]
  MORTIMER, J.T., HARLEY, C. & STAFF, J. (2002). The quality of work and youth mental health. Work & Occupations, 29 (2), 166-197.
  DOOLEY, D. (2003). Unemployment, underemployment, and mental health : conceptualizing employment status as a continuum. American Journal of Community Psychology, 32 (1-2), 9-20. [PDF]
HARDIN, C.L. (1987). Qualia and materialism : Closing the explanatory gap. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 48, 281-298. FARAONE, S.V. (2003). Straight talk about your child’s mental health : What to do when something seems wrong. New York, NY : Guilford.
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TAYLOR, S.E. & BROWN, J.D. (1988). Illusion and well-being : a social-psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210. CAPLAN, P.J. (2004). Review of rethinking mental health and disorder. Contemporary Psychology, 49 (6), 794-797.
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TAYLOR, S.E. & BROWN, J.D. (1988). Illusion and well-being : A social psychology perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210. BAKER, F. & BORDOI, W. (2008). Can music preference indicate mental health status in young people ? Australasian Psychiatry, 6 (4), 284-288. [PDF]
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MARMOT, T. FRIEL, S, BELL, R, HOUWELING, T.A. & TAYLOR, S. (2008). Health CoSDo. Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The lancet, 372 (9650), 1661–1669.
SHEDLER, J., MAYMAN, M. & MANIS, M. (1993). The illusion of mental health. American Psychologist, 48, 1117-1131. ATKINS, M.S., GRACYZK, P. & FRAZIER, S. (2011). Expanding the toolkit or changing the paradigm : Are we ready for a public health approach to mental health ? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 483-487.
  BARKER, E.T., GREENBERG, J.S., SELTZER, M.M. & ALMEIDA, D.M. (2012). Daily stress and cortisol patterns in parents of adult children with a serious mental illness. Health Psychology, 31 (1), 130-134. [PDF]
  PIETERSE, A.J., NEVILLE, H.A., TODD, N.R. & CARTER, R.T. (2012). Perceived racism and mental health among Black american adults : A meta-analytic review. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59 (1), 1-9. [PDF]

SONG, J., MAILICK, M.R. & GREENBERG, J.S. (2014). Work and health of parents of children with serious mental illness. Family Relations, 63, 122-134. [PDF]
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  ALEGRIA, M, NEMOYER, A., FALGAS, I., WANG, Y. & ALVAREZ, K. (2018). Social determinants of mental health : Where we are and where we need to go. Current Psychiatry Reports, 20 (11), 1-20. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Troubles mentaux et Troubles psychologiques
Santé physique : /Maladie biologique. Health.
Santé publique : Public health.
   
HAHN, R.A. & STROUP, D.F. (1994). Race and ethnicity in public health surveillance : criteria for the scientific use of social categories. Public Health Reports, 109, 7-15.
MARMOT, T., FRIEL, S., BELL, R., HOUWELING, T.A. & TAYLOR, S. (2008). Health CoSDo. Closing the gap in a generation : health equity through action on the social determinants of health. The lancet, 372 (9650), 1661–1669.
MARMOT, T. (2015). The health gap. London : Bloomsbury.
BIGLAN, A. VAN RYZIN, M. & WESTLING E. (2019). A public health framework for the regulation of marketing. Journal of Public Health Policy, 40 (1), 66-75.
Santos Laurie R. (1975-) : Psychologue américaine et cognitiviste européenne, spécialisée en psychologie comparée. Elle s'intéresse notamment aux singes (tamarin et macaque) et aux chiens. Collaboratrice de Caramazza, Hauser, Munakata, O'reilly et Spelke.
SANTOS, L.R., HAUSER, M.D. & SPELKE, E.S. (2001). Recognition and categorization of biologically significant objects by rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) : The domain of food. Cognition, 82, 127-155.
SANTOS, L.R. (2004). "Core knowledges" : A dissociation between spatiotemporal knowledge and contact-mechanics in a non-human primate ? Developmental Science, 7 (2), 167-174. [PDF]
SANTOS, L.R. ROSATI, A., SPROUL, C., SPAULDING, B. & HAUSER, M.D. (2005). Means-means-end tool choice in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) : Finding the limits on primates' knowledge of tools. Animal Cognition, 8, 236-246. [PDF]
SANTOS, L.R. (2005). Primate cognition : Putting two and two together. Commentary on Jordan et al. Current Biology, 15, 545-547.
SANTOS, L.R. & HUGHES, K. (2009). Economic cognition in human and animals : The search for core mechanisms. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 19, 63-66.
Sapir Edward (Lauenburg Allemagne aujourd'hui Lebork Pologne 1884-1939) : Linguiste et anthropologue américain d'origine allemande. Chef de file du structuralisme. En collaboration avec Whorf, il a élaboré une théorie pour expliquer l'influence du langage sur la perception, mieux connue sous le nom d'hypothèse Sapir-Whorf. Étudiant de Boas. Professeur de Klineberg et Whorf.
SAPIR, E. (1907). Preliminary report on the language and mythology of the Upper Chinook. American Anthropologist, 9, 533-544.
SAPIR, E. (1921/1967). Language : An introduction to the study of speech. New York : Harcourt, Brace and company. / Le langage. Paris : Payot. [PDF]
SAPIR, E. (1924). Culture, genuine and spurious. The American Journal of Sociology, 29 (4), 401-429.
SAPIR, E. (1927). Speech as a personality trait. American Journal of Sociology, 32, 892-905.
SAPIR, E. (1944). Grading : a study in semantics. Philosophy of Science, 11, 93-116.
KAY, P. & KEMPTON, W. (1984). What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis ? American Anthropologist, 86, 65-79. [PDF]
DARNELL, R. (1989). Edward Sapir : linguist, anthropologist, humanist. Berkeley : University of California Press.
 Sapolsky Robert Morris (1957-) : Neurobiologiste et primatologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du stress, notamment du cortisol chez le babouin.
SAPOLSKY, R.M. (1999). Stress, glucocorticoids and their adverse neurological effects : Relevance to aging. Experimental Gerontology, 34, 721-735.
SAPOLSKY, R.M. (2003). Stress and plasticity in the limbic system. Neurochemical Research, 28, (11), 1735-1742. [PDF]
SAPOLSKY, R.M. (2005). Social status and health in humans and other animals. Annual Review of Anthropology 33, 393-418. [PDF]
SAPOLSKY, R.M. & SHARE, L. (2004). A pacific culture among wild baboons, its emergence and transmission. PLOS, 2, 106-111. [PDF]
SAPOLSKY, R.M. (2005). Sick of poverty. Scientific American, 293 (6), 92-99. [PDF]
 Sapon-Shevin Mara ( ) : Spécialiste de l'éducation, notamment de l'apprentissage collaboratif/coopératif et de l'inclusion scolaire.
SAPON-SHEVIN, M. & SCHNIEDEWIND, N. (1989-1990). Selling cooperative learning without selling it short. Educational Leadership, 47 (4), 63-65.
SAPON-SHEVIN, M. (1991). Cooperative learning in inclusive classrooms : Learning to become a community. Cooperative Learning, 12 (1), 8-11.
SAPON-SHEVIN, M. (1994). Cooperative learning and middle schools: What would it take to really do it right. Theory Into Practice, 33 (3), 183-190.
SAPON-SHEVIN, M. (2002). Making inclusion visible : Honoring the process and the struggle. Democracy & Education, 14 (1), 24-27.
SAPON-SHEVIN, M. (2003). Inclusion : A matter of social justice. Educational Leadership, 61 (2), 25-29. [PDF]
 Sapp Marty ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de la thérapie comportementale et cognitive. Il s'intéresse aussi à l'hypnose.
SAPP, M. & FARRELL, W. (1994). Cognitive-behavioral interventions : Applications for academically at-risk and special education students. Preventing School Failure, 38 (2), 19-24.
SAPP, M. (1994). Cognitive-behavioral counseling : Applications for African American middle school students who are academically at-risk. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 21 (2), 161-171.
SAPP, M., FARRELL, W. & DURAND, H. (1995). Cognitive-behavioral therap y: Applications for African American middle school at-risk students. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22 (2), 169-177.
SAPP, M. (2010). Confidence intervals within hypnosis research. Sleep & Hypnosis, 6 (4), 169-176. [PDF]
SAPP, M. (2010). School co[unseling for African American adolescents : The Alfred Adler approach. Multicultural Learning & Teaching, 5 (2), 60-72.
Sarah : Chimpanzé dressée et étudiée par Premack.
   
Sarason Seymour Bernard (New York 1919- 2010 New Haven) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'éducation.
SARASON, S.B. (1952). Aspects of a community program for the retarded child. Training School Bulletin, 48, 201-207.
SARASON, S.B. (1952). Individual psychotherapy with mentally defective individuals. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 56, 803-805.
SARASON, S.B. (1976). Community psychology, networks, and Mr. Everyman. American Psychologist, 31 (5), 317-328.
SARASON, S.B. (1978). The nature of problem solving in social action. American Psychologist, 33 (4), 370-380.
SARASON, S.B. (1981). An asocial psychology and a misdirected clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 36 (8), 827-836.
WEINSTEIN, R.S., REPPUCCI, D. & LEVINE, M. (2010). Seymour Bernard Sarason (1919-2010). American Psychologist, 65 (9), 922-923.
Sarkar Mustafa ( ) : Psychologue britannique et spécialiste de l'étude du sport, notamment du stress et de la résilience dans ce domaine. Collaborateur de Fletcher.
SARKAR, M. & FLETCHER, D. (2013). How should we measure psychological resilience in sport performers ? Measurement in Physical Education & Exercise Science, 17, 264-280. [PDF]
SARKAR, M. & FLETCHER, D. (2014). Psychological resilience in sport performers : a review of stressors and protective factors. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32 (15), 1419-1434. [PDF]
SARKAR, M., HILL, D.M. & PARKER, A. (2014). Working with religious and spiritual athletes : ethical considerations for sport psychologists. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 15 (6), 580-587.
SARKAR, M. & FLETCHER, D. (2014). Ordinary magic, extraordinary performance : psychological resilience and thriving in high achievers. Sport, Exercise, & Performance Psychology, 3 (1), 46-60.
SARKAR, M., FLETCHER, D. & BROWN, D.J. (2015). What doesn't kill me... : Adversity-related experiences are vital in the development of superior Olympic performance. Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, 18 (4), 475-479. [PDF]
Saroglou Vassilis ( ) : Psychosociologue belge et spécialiste de l'étude de la religion. Collaborateur de Corneille et Yzerbyt.
SAROGLOU, V., DELPIERRE, V. & DERNELLE, R. (2004). Values and religiosity : a meta-analysis of studies using Schwartz's model. Personality & Individual Differences, 37, 721-734. [PDF]
SAROGLOU, V., BUXANT, C. & TILQUIN, J. (2008). Positive emotions as leading to religion and spirituality. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3, 165-173. [PDF]
SAROGLOU, V., LAMKADDEM, B., VAN PACHTERBEKE, M. & BUXANT, C. (2009). Host society’s dislike of the Islamic veil : The role of subtle prejudice, values, and religion. International Journal for Intercultural Relations, 33, 419-428. [PDF]
SAROGLOU, V., CORNEILLE, O. & VAN CAPPELLEN, P. (2009). "Speak, Lord, your servant is listening" : Religious priming activates submissive thoughts and behaviors. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 143-154. [PDF]
SAROGLOU, V. (2010). Religiousness as a cultural adaptation of basic traits : A five-factor model perspective. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 14, 108-125. [PDF]
Sarrazin Philippe ( ) : Psychosociologue français et spécialiste du sport, notamment de la motivation. Professeur de Bois et Trouillod. Collaborateur de Boiché, Cury, Pellettier et Vallerand.
SARRAZIN, P., FAMOSE, J.P. et CURY, F. (1995). But motivationnel, habileté perçue et sélection d'un niveau de difficulté d'une voie en escalade. STAPS, 38, 49-61. [PDF]
SARRAZIN, P.G., FAMOSE, J.P., BIDLE, S., FOX, K., DURAND, M. et CURY, F. (1995). Buts d'accomplissement et croyances relatives à la nature de l'habileté motrice. Science et Motricité, 26, 21-31. [PDF]
SARRAZIN, P.G., VALLERAND, R., GUILLET, E., PELLETIER, L. & CURY, F. (2002). Motivation and dropout in female handballers : A 21-month prospective study. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32 (3), 395-418. [PDF]
SARRAZIN, P.G., ROBERTS, G., CURY, F., BIDLE, S. & FAMOSE, J.-P. (2002). Exerted effort and performance in climbing among boys : The influence of achievement goals, perceived ability, and task difficulty. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 73 (4), 425-436. [PDF]
SARRAZIN, P.G., TROUILLOD, D.O. et BOIS, J. (2005). Attentes du superviseur et performance sportive du pratiquant. Amplitude, fonctionnement de l'effet Pygmalion en contexte sportif ? Bulletin de Psychologie, 58 (1), 63-68. [PDF]
SARS-CoV-2 : Voir covid.
Sartori Giovanni (Florence 1924-2017 Florence) : Politologue italien et spécialiste de l'étude de la démocratie.
SARTORI, G. (1962). Democratic theory. Detroit : Wayne University Press.
SARTORI, G. (1976/2011). Parties and party systems. A framework for analysis. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. /Partis et systèmes de partis : un cadre d'analyse. Bruxelles/Paris/Le Plessis-Pâté, Université de Bruxelles.
SARTORI, G. [Ed.] (1984). Social sciences concepts : A systematic analysis. Thousand Oaks : Sage.
SARTORI, G. (1987). The theory of democracy revisited. Chatham, N.J. : Chatham House.
SARTORI, G. (2003). Pluralisme, multiculturalisme et étrangers. Editions des Syrtes.
Sartre Jean-Paul (Paris 1905-1980 Paris) : Philosophe et écrivain français. Chef de file de l'existentialisme. Il a dit : «Être libre, ce n’est pas pouvoir faire ce que l’on veut, mais c’est vouloir ce que l’on peut»; «L'existence précède l'essence. Cela signifie que l'homme existe d'abord, se rencontre, surgit dans le monde, et qu'il se définit ensuite »; «Pas besoin de gril, l'enfer, c'est les Autres».
SARTRE J.-P. (1940/86). L'imaginaire. Paris : Gallimard.
SARTRE J.-P. (1943). L'être et le néant : Essai d'ontologie phénomènologique. Paris : Gallimard.
SARTRE J.-P. (1943). Pladoyer pour les intellectuels. Paris : Gallimard.

 
Sarwer David B. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude des effets psychologiques de la chirurgie. Il s'intéresse aussi à l'obésité. Collaborateur de Herbert et Wadden.
SARWER, D.B., NORDMANN, J.E. & HERBERT, J.D. (2000). Cosmetic breast augmentation surgery : A critical overview. Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine, 9, 843-856.
SARWER, D.B., CASH, T.F., MAGEE, L., WILLIAMS, E.F., THOMPSON, J.K., ROEHRIG, M. TANTLEFF-DUUN, S., KANTER, A.A., WILFLEY, D.E., AMIDON, A.D., ANDERSON, D.A. & ROMANOFSKI, M. (2005). Female college students and cosmetic surgery : An investigation of experiences, attitudes, and body image. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 115 (3), 931-938. [PDF]
SARWER, D.B. (2007). The psychological aspects of cosmetic breast augmentation. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 120, (S), 110-117.
SARWER, D.B. & CRERAND, C.E. (2008). Body dysmorphic disorder and appearance enhancing medical treatments. Body Image, 5, 50-58.
SARWER, D.B., VON SYDOW GREEN, A. & WILLIAMS, N.N. (2012). Clinical case report : Psychosocial issues in adolescent bariatric surgery. Surgery for Obesity & Related Diseases, 8 (1), 124-126.
SAS (Statistical Analysis System) : Logiciel d'analyse de données.
   
FREUND, R.J. & LITTELL, R.C. (1986). SAS system for regression. Cary, NC : SAS Institute Inc.  O’CONNOR, B.P. (2000). SPSS and SAS programs for determin- ing the number of components using parallel analysis and Velicer’s MAP test. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32, 396-402.
 SAS INSTITUTE (1989). SAS/STAT AE User's Guide, Version 6. Cary, NC : SAS Institute.  PREACHER, K.J. & HAYES, A.F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers 36 (4), 717-731.
 SAS INSTITUTE (1996). SAS/STAT AE Software : Changes and Enhancements. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. RAÎCHE, G. & BLAIS, J.-G. (2005). SIMCAT 1.0 : A SAS computer program for simulating computer adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 30 (1), 1-2.
SPECTOR, P.E. (1999). SAS programming for researchers and social scientists. Newbury Park : Sage Publications. RAÎCHE, G., BLAIS, J.-G. et RIOPEL, M. (2006). A SAS solution to simulate a Rasch computerized adaptive test. Rasch Measurement Transactions, 20 (2), 1061.

Voir aussi Analyse de données
Saslow George (Brooklyn 1906-2006) : Psychiatre américain et pionnier des psychothérapies (self-management therapy, SORCK analysis). Il s'est notamment intéressé au contrôle de soi (self-control). Collaborateur de Kanfer et Matarazzo.
SASLOW, G. (1954). Psychotherapy. Annual Review of Psychology, 5, 311-336.
SASLOW, G. & MATARAZZO, D. (1954). A psychiatric service in general hospital : A Setting for Social Learning. Mental Hospitals, 13, 217-226.
KANFER, F. & SASLOW, G. (1965). Behvioral analysis : an alternative to diagnostic classification. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 529-538.
KANFER, F. & SASLOW, G. (1969). Behavioral diagnosis. In C.M. Franks (Ed.), Behavior therapy : appraisal and status (pp. 2-16). New York : McGraw Hill.
KANFER, F. & SASLOW, G. (1976). An outline for behavior diagnosis. E.J. Mash & L.G. Terdal (Eds.), Behavior therapy assessment. New York : Springer Publishing Company.
 
Sasson Noah J. ( ) : Neuropsychologue et spécialiste de l'étude de la perception du visage. Il s'intéresse éalement à l'autisme. Collaborateur de Elison.
SASSON, N.J. (2006). The development of face processing in autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 36 (3), 381-394.
SASSON, N.J., LAM, K.S.L., PARLIER, M., DANIELS, J.L. & PIVEN, J. (2013). Autism and the broad autism phenotype : Familial patterns and intergenerational transmission. Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5, 11.
SASSON, N.J., FASO, D.J., PARLIER, M., DANIELS, J.L. & PIVEN, J. (2014). When father doesn't know best : selective disagreement between self and informant-report of the broad autism phenotype in parents of a child with autism. Autism Research, 7, 731-739.
SASSON, N.J., SHASTEEN, J.R. & INKHAM, A.E. (2016). Reduced prioritization of facial threat in adults with autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 46, 1471-1476.
SASSON, N.J., PINKHAM, A.E., WEITTENHILER, L.P., FASO, D.J. & SIMPSON, C. (2016). Context effects on facial affect recognition in schizophrenia and autism : behavioral and eye-tracking evidence. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42, 675-683.
SAT : Test d'aptitude conçu par Brigham et révisé plusieurs fois depuis, notamment par Angoff. Ce test normalisé est utilisé aux États-Unis depuis 1926 pour dépister les élèves faibles. De nos jours, le SAT sert d'examen d'entrée dans les collèges et les universités, un peu partout dans le monde. Scholastic Aptitude Test, Scholastic Assessment Tes, Army Alpha Test.
   
GOTTFREDSON, L.S. & CROUSE, J. (1986). The validity versus utility of mental tests : Example of the SAT. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 29, 363-378.
ANGOFF, W.H. (1986). Some contributions of the College Board SAT to psychometric theory and practice. Educational Measurement, 5 (3), 7-11.
SEDLACECK, W. & ADAMS-GASTON, J. (1992). Predicting the academic success of student-athletes using SAT and noncognitive variables. Journal of Counseling & Development, 70, 724-727.
GOASTELLEC, G. (2003). Le SAT et l'accès aux études supérieures : le recrutement des élites américaines en question. Sociologie du Travail, 45, 473-490.
FREY M.C. & DETTERMAN, D.K. (2003). Scholastic assessment or g ? The Relationship between the Scholastic Assessment test and general cognitive ability. Psychological Science, 15 (6), 373-378.
BUCHMAN, C., CONDRON, D.J. & ROSCIGNO, V.J. (2010). Shadow education, American style : Test preparation, the SAT and college enrollment. Social Forces, 89 (2), 435-461.
COYLE, T.R. & PILLOW, D.R. (2008). SAT and ACT predict college GPA after removing g. Intelligence, 36 (6), 719-729.

  Voir aussi Test d'aptitude et Brigham
Satiété : Chez un organisme, caractérise un besoin qui a été entièrement satisfait. EX: Manger à satiété, dormir tout son soûl. Satiété et thérapie par satiété. Satiation, satiety.
   
LINTON, H.B. & MILLER, N.E. (1951). The effect of partial reinforcement on behavior during satiation. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 44, 142-148. PIERCE, D.W., EPLING, W.F. & BOER, D.P. (1986). Deprivation and satiation : The interrelations between food and wheel running. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46 (2), 199-210. [PDF]
SIDMAN, M. & STEBBINS, W.C. (1954). Satiation effects under fixed ratio schedules of reinforcement. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 47, 114-116. OGDEN, J. & WARDLE, J. (1990). Cognitive restraint and sensitivity to cues for hunger and satiety. Physiology & Behaviour, 47, 477-481.
BERLYNE, D.E. (1957). Attention to change, conditioned inhibition (SlR) and stimulus satiation. British Journal of Psychology, 45, 138-140.  
GEWIRTZ, J.L. & BAER, D.M. (1958). Deprivation and satiation of social reinforcers as drive conditions. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 57, 165-172.
PREMACK, D. & PREMACK, A.J. (1963). Increased eating in rats deprived of running. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6 (2), 209-212. [PDF] ROLL, J.M., McSWEENEY, F.K, JOHNSON, K.S. & WEATHERLY, J.N. (1995). Satiety contributes little to within-session decreases in responding. Learning & Motivation, 26, 323-341.
GRASS, R. & WALLACE, H. (1969). Satiation effects of television commercials. Journal of Advertising Research, 9, 3-8.  
EISENBERGER, R. (1970). Is there a deprivation ? Satiation function for social approval ? Psychological Bulletin, 74, 255-275. BIZO, L.A., BOGDANOV, S.V. & KILLEEN, R. (1998). Satiation causes within-session decreases in instrumental responding. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 24 (4), 439-452.
ZAJONC, R.B., SHAVER P.R., TAVRIS, C. & VAN KREVELD, D. (1972). Exposure, satiation, and stimulus discriminability. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 21, 270-280. DEMARSE, T.B., KILLEEN, P.R. & BAKER, D. (1999). Satiation, capacity, and within-session responding. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 72 (3), 407-423. [PDF]
WARREN, V.L. & CAIRNS, R.B. (1972). Social reinforcement satiation : An outcome of frequency or ambiguity ? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 13, 249-260. HAGOPIAN, L.P., CROCKETT, J.L., VAN STONE, M., DELEON, I.G. & BOWMAN, L.G. (2000). Effects of noncontingent reinforcement on problem behavior and stimulus engagement : The role of satiation, extinction, and alternative reinforcement. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33 (4), 433-449. [PDF]
GARFINKEL, P.E. (1974). Perception of hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 4 (3), 309-315.
ZENTALL, T.R., HOGAN, D.E., COMPOMIZZI, K. & COMPOMIZZI, C. (1976). Responding to a positive stimulus by "satiated" pigeons. Learning & Motivation, 7, 141-159. McSWEENEY, F.K. & MURPHY, E.S. (2000). Criticisms of the satiety hypothesis as an explanation for within-session decreases in responding. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 74 (3), 347-361. [PDF]
BARTON, E.J. & ASCIONE, F.R. (1979). Social reinforcer satiation : An outcome of frequency not ambiguity—sometimes. Developmental Psychology, 14 (4), 363-370.
FOXX, R.M., SNYDER, M.S. & SCHROEDER, F. (1979). A food satiation and oral hygiene punishment program to suppress chronic rumination by retarded persons. Journal of Autism & Development Disorders, 9 (4), 399-412. McSWEENEY, F.K. (2004). Dynamic changes in reinforcer effectiveness : Satiation and habituation have different implications for theory and practice. The Behavior Analyst, 27 (3), 171-188. [PDF]
MARSHALL, W.L. (1979). Satiation therapy : A procedure for reducing deviant sexual arousal. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 10-22. [PDF] POSADAS-SANCHEZ, D. & KILLEEN, P.R. (2005). Does satiation close the open economy ? Learning & Behavior : Psychonomic Society Publication, 33 (4), 387-98. [PDF]
ROLLS, B.J., ROLLS, E.T., ROWE, E.A. & SWEENEY, K. (1981). Sensory specific satiety in man. Physiology & Behavior, 27, 137-142. McCULLOCH, K.C., FITZSIMONS, G., CHUA, S.N. & ALBARRACIN, D. (2011). Vicarious goal satiation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 685-688. [PDF]

  Voir aussi Besoin
Satir Virginia (1916-1988) : Psychothérapeute humaniste américaine, spécialiste de la thérapie familiale et membre fondateur de l'École de Palo Alto.
SATIR, V. (1964/2003). Thérapie du couple et de la famille. Paris : Éditions Desclée de Brouwer.
SATIR, V. (1976). Making contact. Berkely, CA : Celestial Arts.
BANDLER, R., GRINDER, J. & SATIR, V. (1976). Changing with families : a book about further education for being human. Palo Alto, CA : Science & Behavior Books.
SATIR, V. (1983). Conjoint family therapy. Palo Alto, CA : Science and Behavior Books.
SATIR, V., BANMEN, J., GERBER, J. & GOMORI, M. (1991). Satir model : Family therapy and beyond. Palo Alto, CA : Science and Behavior Books.
Satisfaction : État général de celui qui évalue plus ou moins favorablement une activité, un objet ou un service, soi-même. = satisfaction de soi. Satisfaction, bonheur et bien-être. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Satisfaction.
 
Types de satisfaction
Satisfaction au travail Satisfaction du consommateur Satisfaction des patients
Satisfaction conjugale Satisfaction des besoins Satisfaction sexuelle
Satisfaction corporelle Satisfaction des élèves/étudiants Mesure et Évaluation de la satisfaction
 
   
  SMITH, P.C., KENDALL, L.M. & HULIN, C.L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement : A strategy for the study of attitudes. Rand Mcnally. YING, Y.W. (1996). Immigration satisfaction of Chinese Americans : An empirical examination. Journal of Community Psychology, 24, 3-16.
ILGEN, D.R. (1971). Satisfaction with performance as a function of the initial level of expected performance and the deviation from expectations. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 6, 345-361. ARDELT, M. (1997). Wisdom and life satisfaction in old age. Journal of Gerontology, 52B (1), 15-27.
WEAVER, D. & BRICKMAN, P. (1974). Expectancy, feedback and disconfirmation as independent factors in outcome satisfaction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 30, 420-428. JUDGE, T.A., LOCKE, E.A., DURHAM, C.C. & KLUGER, A.N. (1998). Dispositional effects on job and life satisfaction : The role of core evaluations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 17-34.
  SCHKADE, D.A. & KAHNEMAN, D. (1998). Does living in California make people happy ? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction. Psychological Science, 9 (5), 340-346. [PDF]
  SUH, E.M., DIENER, E., OISHI, S. & TRIANDIS, H.C. (1998). The shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures : Emotions versus norms. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74, 482-493. [PDF]
  OISHI, S., DIENER, E., LUCAS, R.E. & SUH, EM. (1999). Cross-cultural variations in predictors of life satisfaction : Perspectives from needs and values. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 980-990.
HSEE, C.K., ABELSON, R.P. & SALOVEY, P. (1991). The relative weighting of position and velocity in satisfaction. Psychological Science, 2 (4), 263-266. [PDF] MAUTE, M.F. & DUBÉ, L. (1999). Patterns of emotional responses and behavioral consequences of dissatisfaction. Applied Psychology : An International Review, 48 (3), 349-366.
  MAKINEN, J. & PYCHYL, T.A. (2001). The differential effects of project stress on life satisfaction. Social Indicators Research, 53, 1-16.
YING, Y.W. (1992). Life satisfaction among Chinese-Americans. Social Indicators Research, 26, 1-22. KUPPENS, P., DIENER, E. & REALO, E. (2008). The role of positive and negative emotions in life satisfaction judgment across nations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 95 (1), 66-75. [PDF]
WILSON, T.D., LISLE, D.J., SCHOOLER, J.W., HODGES, S.D., KLAAREN, K.J. & LAFLEUR, S.J. (1993). Introspecting about reasons can reduce post-choice satisfaction. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 19, 331-339. [PDF] DIENER, E. & GONZALEZ, E. (2011). The validity of life satisfaction measures. Social Indicator Network News, 108, 1-5.

Voir aussi Qualié de la vie et Bien-être
Satisfaction (Mesures/Évaluations) : Ensemble des critères de diagnostic, des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer la satisfaction. Satisfaction measure.
   
SMITH, P.C., KENDALL, L.M. & HULIN, C.L. (1969). The measurement of satisfaction in work and retirement : A strategy for the study of attitudes. Rand Mcnally.
ATTKISSON, C.C. & ZWICK, R. (1982). The client satisfaction questionnaire : psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Evaluation & Program Planning, 5, 233-237.  
NGUYEN, T.D., ATTKISSON, C.C. & STEGNER, B. (1983). Assessment of patient satisfaction : Development and refinement of a service evaluation questionnaire. Evaluation & Program Planning, 6, 299-314. ATTKISSON, C.C. & GREENFIELD, T.K. (2004). The UCSF Client Satisfaction Scales : I. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. In M. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
DIENER, E., EMMONS, R.A., LARSEN, R.J. & GRIFFIN, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.  
HENDRICK, S.S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 50, 93-98.  
PAVOT, W.G., DIENER, E., COLVIN, C.R. & SANDVIK, E. (1991). Further validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale : Evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 149-161. PAVOT, W.G. & DIENER, E. (2008). The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology 3, 137-152.
PAVOT, W.G. & DIENER, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assessment, 5, 164-172.  
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Voir aussi Satisfaction
Satisfaction au travail : Satisfaction qu'éprouve celui ou celle qui travaille (employé, cadre, travailleur autonome, etc). Cette état ou cette condition varie en fonction de plusieurs facteurs : le milieu de travail, le salaire, la qualité du réseau social, du niveau de responsabilité, des risques liés à l'exécution des tâches, de la charge de travail, de l'exercice du pouvoir, des conditions de retraite, de la reconnaissance du travail accompli, etc. Satisfaction, motivation au travail et épuisement professionnel. = satisfaction des travailleurs. Job satisfaction, career satisfaction.
   
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Voir aussi Perte du travail et Épuisement professionnel
Satisfaction conjugale : État général de celui ou celle qui évalue plus ou moins favorablement son couple, son mariage. Marital satisfaction, marriage happiness, relationship satisfaction.
   
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Voir aussi Mariage, Couple, Tâche domestique et Thérapie de couple
 
Satisfaction corporelle : Satisfaction corporelle, image corporelle et estime de soi. /insatisfaction corporelle, satisfaction du corps. Body satisfaction, body dissatisfaction.
   
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SAHAY, S. & PIRAN, N. (1997). Skin-color preferences and body satisfaction among South Asian-Canadian. Journal of Social Psychology, 137 (2), 161-172.  
WIEDERMAN, M.W. & PRYOR, T. (1997). Body dissatisfaction and sexuality among women with bulimia nervosa : The mediating role of drive for thinness. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21 (4), 361-365. [PDF] PRESNELL, K., BEARMAN, S.K. & STICE, E. (2004). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls : A prospective study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 389-401.
PINHAS, L., TORNER, B.B., ALI, A., GARFINKEL, P.E. & TUCKLESS, N. (1999). The effects of ideal of female beauty on mood and body satisfaction. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 25, 223-226. McGILL, B. & TIGGEMANN, M. (2004). The role of social comparison in the effect of magazine advertisements on women's mood and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 23 (1), 23-44.
LAVINE, H., SWEENEY, D. & WAGNER, S.H. (1999). Depicting women as sex objects in television advertising : Effects on body dissatisfaction. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 25 (8), 1049-1058. [PDF] DITTMAR, H. (2005). Vulnerability factors and processes linking sociocultural pressures and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 24, 1081-1087.
STICE, E., MAZOTTI, L., WEIBEL, D. & AGRAS, W.S. (2000). Dissonance prevention program decreases thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and bulimic symptoms : A preliminary experiment. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 206-217. BIRKELAND, R., THOMPSON, J.K., HERBOZO, S., ROEHRIG, M., CAFRI, G. & VAN DER BERG, P. (2005). Media exposure, mood, and body image dissatisfaction : an experimental test of person versus product priming. Body Image, 2 (1), 53-61. [PDF]
OGDEN, J. & TAYLOR, C. (2000). Body size evaluation and body dissatisfaction within couples. International Journal of Health Psychology, 5, 25-32. GRABE, S. & HYDE, J.S. (2006). Ethnicity and body dissatisfaction among women in the United States : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 622-640.
FORBES, G.B., ADAM-CURTIS, L., RADE, B. & JABERG, P. (2001). Body dissatisfaction in women and men : the role of gender-typing and self-esteem. Sex Roles, 44, 461-484.  
KEEL, P.K., MITCHELL, J.E., DAVIS, T.L. & CROW, S.J. (2001). Relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30, 48–56. FREDERICK, D.A., BUCHANAN, G.M., SADEGHI-AZAR, L., PEPLAU, L.A., HASELTON, M.G., BEREZOVSKAYA, A. & LIPINSKI, R.E. (2007). Desiring the muscular ideal : Men’s body satisfaction in the United States, Ukraine, and Ghana. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 8, 103-107. [PDF]
PAXTON, S.J. (2002). Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 418-430. VAN DER BERG, P., PAXTON, S.J., KEERY, H., WALL, M., GUO, J. & NEUMARK-SZTAINER, D. (2007). Body dissatisfaction and body comparison with media images in males and females. Body Image, 4, 257-268. [PDF]
GROESZ, L.M., LEVINE, M.P. & MURNEN, S.K. (2002). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction : a meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31, 1-16. RODGERS, R.F., PAXTON, S.J. & CHABROL, H. (2009). Effects of parental comments on body dissatisfaction and eating disturbance in young adults : A sociocultural model. Body Image, 6, 171-177.
STICE, E. & WHITENTON, K. (2002). Risk factors for body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls : A longitudinal investigation. Developmental Psychology, 38 (5), 669-678. [PDF] MUNOZ, M.E. & FERGUSON, C.J. (2012). Body dissatisfaction correlates with inter-peer competitiveness, not media exposure : A brief report. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 31 (4), 383-392. [PDF]
STICE, E. & SHAW, H.E. (2002). Role of body dissatisfaction in the onset and maintenance of eating pathology : A synthesis of research findings. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 985-993. GROESZ, L.M., LEVINE, M.P. & MURNEN, S.K. (2011). The effect of experimental presentation of thin media images on body satisfaction : A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 31 (1), 1-16. [PDF]
YELLAND, C. & TIGGEMANN, M. (2003). Muscularity and the gay ideal : Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in homosexual men. Eating Behaviors, 4 (2), 107-116. FITZSIMMONS-CRAFT, E.E., BARDONE-CONE, A.M., WONDERLICH, S.A., CROSBY, R.D. & ENGEL, S.G. & BULIK, C.M. (2015). The relationships among social comparisons, body surveillance, and body dissatisfaction in the natural environment. Behavior Therapy, 46, 257-271. [PDF]
ANDRIST, L.C. (2003). Media images, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in adolescent women. American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 28, 119-123. COHEN, R. & BLASZCZYNSKI, A.P. (2015). Comparative effects of Facebook and conventional media on body image dissatisfaction. Journal of Eating Disorder, 3 [23], 1-11. [PDF]
HARGREAVES, C. & TIGGEMANN, M. (2003). The effect of thin-ideal television commercials on body dissatisfaction and schema activation during early adolescence. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 32, 367-373. IZYDORCZYK, B., TRUONG THI KHANH, A., LIZINCZYK, S., SITNIK-WARCHULSKA, K., LIPOWSKA, M. & GULBICKA, A. (2020). Body dissatisfaction, restrictive, and bulimic behaviours among young women : A Polish-Japanese Comparison. Nutrients, 12 [666], 1-12. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Silhouette idéale, Trouble alimentaire, Estime de soi et Image corporelle
Satisfaction du consommateur : Satisfaction consécutive au jugement plus ou moins favorable qu'un individu pose sur les biens et services qu'on lui offre (et qu'il consomme). Satisfaction des consommateurs, comportement de consommation et publicité. = qualité du service, satisfaction de la clientèle. /insatisfaction du consommateur. Customer satisfaction, service satisfaction.
   
CARDOZO, R.N. (1965). An experimental study of customer effort, expectation and satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 2, 244-249. WESTBROOK, R.A. & OLIVER, R.L. (1991). The dimensionality of consumption emotion patterns and consumer satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 18 (1), 84-91.
ANDERSON, R.E. (1973). Consumer satisfaction : the effect of disconfirmed expectancy on perceived product performance. Journal of Marketing Research, 10, 38-44. BOLTON, R.N. & DREW, J.H. (1991). A multistage model of customers’ assessments of service quality and value. Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (4), 375-384.
CZEPIEL, J.A. & ROSENBERG, L.J. (1977). The study of consumer satisfaction : addressing the so what question. In H.K. Hunt (Dir.), Conceptualization and measurement of consumer satisfaction and dissatisfaction (pp. 92-119). National Science Foundation and Marketing Science Institute. PETERSON, R.A. & WILSON, W.R. (1992). Measuring customer satisfaction : fact and artifact. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20 (1), 61-71.
CZEPIEL, J.A. & ROSENBERG, L.J. (1977). Consumer satisfaction : Concept and measurement. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 5 (4), 403-411. EREVELLES, S. & LEAVITT, C. (1992). A comparison of current models of consumer satisfaction/dissatisfaction. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 5, 104-114.
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OLIVER, R.L. (1980). A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 17 (4), 460-469. OLIVER, R.L. (1993). Cognitive, affective and attribute bases of the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer Research, 20 (3), 418-430.
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OLIVER, R.L. (1981). Measurement and evaluation of satisfaction processes in retail settings. Journal of Retailing, 57 (3), 25-48. ÉVRARD, Y. (1993). La satisfaction du consommateur : état des recherches. Revue Française du Marketing, 144/145, 4-5/53-65.
JACOBY J. & JACCARD, J.J. (1981). The sources, meaning, and validity of consumer complaint behaviour : a psychological analysis. Journal of Retailing, 57 (3), 4-24. BOLTON, R.N. & DREW, J.H. (1994). Linking customer satisfaction to service operations and outcomes. In R.T. Rust et R.L. Oliver (Dir.), Service Quality : New directions in theory and practice (pp. 173-200.). Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications.
GRONHAUG, K. & ZALTMAN, G. (1981). Complainers and non-complainers revisited : another look at the data. Journal of Economic Psychology, 1, 121-135. TAYLOR, S.A. & BAKER, T.L. (1994). An assessment of the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction in the formation of consumers’ purchase intentions. Journal of Retailing, 70 (2), 163-178.
OLIVER, R.L. & LINDA, G. (1981). Effect of satisfaction and its antecedents on consumer preference and intention. In Monroe, K.B. (Dir.). Advances in consumer research. Ann Arbor MI : Association for Consumer Research. ZWICK, R., PIETERS, R. & BAUMGARTNER, H. (1995). On the practical significance of hindsight bias : the expectancy-disconfirmation model of consumer satisfaction. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 64 (1), 103-117.
DAY, R.L., GRABICKLE, K., SCHATZLE, T. & TAUBACH, F. (1981). The hidden agenda of consumer complaining. Journal of Retailing, 57, 3, 86-106. MacKENZIE, S.B., SPRENG, R.A. & OLSHAVSKY, R.W. (1996). A re-examination of determinants of consumer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 60, 15-32.
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CHURCHILL, G.A. & SUPRENANT, C. (1982). An investigation into the determinants of customer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (4), 491-504. OLIVER, R.L. (1997). Satisfaction : A behavioral perspective on the consumer. New York : McGraw-Hill.
BEARDEN, W. & TEEL, J.E. (1983). Selected determinants of consumer satisfaction and complaint reports. Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 21-28. LILJANDER, V. & STRANDVIK, T. (1997). Emotions in service satisfaction. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 8 (2), 148-169.
  ANDERSON, E.W. (1998). Word-of-mouth as consequence of customer satisfaction. Journal of Services Research, 1, 5-17.
  NYER, P.U. (1998). The effects of satisfaction and consumption emotion on actual purchasing behaviour : An exploratory study. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 11, 62-68.
  NGOBO, P-V. (1998). Les relations non linéaires entre la satisfaction, la fidélité et les réclamations. Actes du Congrès de l’Association Française du Marketing, Bordeaux, 14, 641-670.
PARASURAMAN, A., ZEITHAML, V.A. & BERRY, L.L. (1985). A conceptual model of service quality and its implications for future research. Journal of Marketing, 49 (4), 41-50. BROCKMAN, B.K. (1998). The influence of affective state on satisfaction ratings. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behaviour, 11, 40-50.
  OLIVER, R.L. (1993). Cognitive, affective and attribute bases of the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 418-430.
CADOTTE, E.R., WOODRUFF, R.B. & JENKINS, R.L. (1987). Expectations and norms in models of consumer satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (3), 305-314. SMITH A.K., BOLTONR.N. & WAGNER, J. (1999). A model of customer satisfaction with service encounters involving failure and recovery. Journal of Marketing Research, 36 (3), 356-372.
WESTBROOK, R.A. (1987). Product/consumption-based affective responses and postpurchase processes. Journal of Marketing Research, 24 (3), 258- 270. MAUTE, M.F. & DUBÉ, L. (1999). Patterns of emotional responses and behavioral consequences of dissatisfaction. Applied Psychology : An International Review, 48 (3), 349-366.
  SZYMANSKI, D.M. & HISE, R.T. (2000). E-satisfaction : An initial examination. Journal of Retailing, 76, 309-322.
  HOGARTH, J.M., ENGLISH, M. & SHARMA, M. (2001). Consumer complaints and third parties : Determinants of consumer satisfaction with complaint resolution efforts. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 14, 74-87.
TSE, D.K. & WILTON, P.C. (1988). Models of consumer satisfaction formation : an extension. Journal of Marketing Research, 25 (2), 204-212. SZYMANSKI, D.M. & HENARD, D.H. (2001). Customer satisfaction : a meta- analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29 (1), 16-35.
OLIVER, R.L. & DESARBO, W.S. (1988). Response determinants in satisfaction judgements. Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (4), 495-507. ATHANASSOPOULOS, A., GOUNARIS, S. & STATHAKOPOULOS, V. (2001). Behavioural responses to customer satisfaction : an empirical study. European Journal of Marketing, 35 (5-6), 687-707.
DUFER, J. et MOULINS, J-L. (1989). La relation entre la satisfaction du consommateur et sa fidélité à la marque : un examen critique. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 4 (2), 21-36. VANHAMME, J. (2002). La satisfaction des consommateurs spécifique à une transaction : définition, antécédents, mesures et modes. Recherche et Applications en Marketing, 17 (2), 55-80.
OLIVER, R.L. & SWAN, J.E. (1989). Equity and dissatisfaction perceptions as influences on merchant and product satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (3), 372-383. LADHARI, R. (2005). La satisfaction du consommateur, ses déterminants et ses conséquences. Revue de l'Université de Moncton, 36 (2), 171-201. [PDF]
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  LI, H.F. (2007). The impact of website quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in the B2C e-commerce context. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 18 (4), 363-378.
FOXMAN, E.R., RAVEN, P.V. & STEM, D.E. (1990). Locus of control, fatalism, and responses to dissatisfaction : a pilot study. Journal of Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction & Complaining Behavior, 3, 21-28. BODET, G. (2008). Customer satisfaction and loyalty in service : Two concepts, four constructs, several relationships. Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, 15 (3), 156-162.
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SINGH, J. (1990). A typology of consumer dissatisfaction response styles. Journal of Retailing, 66 (1), 57-97. ISHAQ, M.I. (2011). An empirical investigation of customer satisfaction and behavioral responses in pakistani banking sector. Management & Marketing Challenges for the Knowledge Society, 6 (3), 457-470. [PDF]
  LYNN, M. & KWORTNIK, R.J. (2015). The effects of tipping policies on customer satisfaction : A test from the cruise industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 51, 15-18.
 
Voir aussi Satisfaction, Qualité du service et Consommer
Satisfaction des élèves/étudiants : Voir Évaluation des enseignants/professeurs. Student satisfaction.
   
STEIN, D. (2004). Course structure : Most important factor in student satisfaction. Distance Education Report, 8 (3), F1.

Voir aussi Évaluation des enseignants/professeurs
Satisfaction des patients : État général de celui ou celle qui évalue plus ou moins favorablement les services médicaux et psychiatriques qui lui sont offerts. Satisfaction des patients, patient et évaluation des thérapies. Patient satisfaction.
   
RICHMAN, J. & CHARLES, E. (1976). Patients’ dissatisfaction and attempted suicide. Community Mental Health Journal, 12, 301-305. MAVIS, B.E. & STÖFFELMEYER, B.E. (1994). Program factors influencing clientsatisfaction in alcohol treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 6, 345-354.
WEINSSTEIN, R.M. (1979). Patient attitudes toward mental hospitalization : a review of quantitative research. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 20, 237-258. SVENSSON, B. & HANSSON, L. (1994). Patient satisfaction with inpatient psychiatric care : the influence of personality traits, diagnosis and perceived coercion. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 379-384.
SORENSEN, J., KANTOR, L., MARGOLIS, R. & GALANO, J. (1979). The extent nature and utility of evaluating consumer satisfaction in community mental health centers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 7, 320-337. MAVIS, B.E. & STÖFFELMEYER, B.E. (1994). Program factors influencing clientsatisfaction in alcohol treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 6, 345-354.
LARSEN, D.L., ATKISSON, C.C., HARGREAVES, W.A. & NGUYEN, T.D. (1979). Assessment of client / patient satisfaction : development of a generalscale. Evaluation & Program Planning, 2, 197-207. SVENSSON, B. & HANSSON, L. (1994). Patient satisfaction with inpatient psychiatric care : the influence of personality traits, diagnosis and perceived coercion. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 90, 379-384.
ATTKISSON, C.C. & ZWICK, R. (1982). The client satisfaction questionnaire : psychometric properties and correlations with service utilization and psychotherapy outcome. Evaluation & Program Planning, 5, 233-237.  
LEBOW, J. (1982). Consumer satisfaction with mental health treatment. Psychological Bulletin, 91, 244-259.  
EL-GUEBALY, N., TOEWS, J., LECKIE, A. & HARPER, D. (1983). On evaluating patient satisfaction : methodological issues. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 24-29.  
NGUYEN, T.D., ATTKISSON, C.C. & STEGNER, B. (1983). Assessment of patient satisfaction : Development and refinement of a service evaluation questionnaire. Evaluation & Program Planning, 6, 299–314.  
URQUHART, B., BULOW, B., SWEENEY, J., SHEAR, M.K. & FRANCES, A. (1986). Increased specificity in measuring satisfaction. Psychiatric Quarterly, 58, 128-133.  
VUORI, H. (1987). Patient satisfaction : an attribute or indicator of the quality of care. Quality Review Bulletin, 13, 106-108. GLASS, A.P. (1995). Identifying issues important to patients on a hospital satisfaction questionnaire. Psychiatric Services, 46, 83-85.
ELBECK, M. & FECTEAU, G. (1990). Improving the validity of measures of patientsatisfaction with psychiatric care and treatment. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 41, 998-1001. PERREAULT, M., ROGERS, W.L. LEICHNER, P. & SABOURIN, S. (1996). Patients’ request and satisfaction with services in an outpatient psychiatric setting. Psychiatric Services, 44, 287-292.
PERREAULT, M., LEICHNER, P., SABOURIN, S. & GENDREAU, P.P. (1992). Caractéristiques psychométriques de la version canadienne-française d’une échelle de satisfaction pour patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 37, 221-227. SHAPIRO, J.P., WELKER, C.J. & JACOBSON, B.J. (1997). The youth satisfaction questionnaire : Development, construct validation and factor structure. Journal of Child Clinical Psychology, 26, 87-98.
PERREAULT, M., LEICHNER, P., SABOURIN, S. & GENDREAU, P. (1993). Patient satisfaction with outpatient psychiatric services. Evaluation & Program Planning, 16, 109-118.  
KELSTRUP, A., LUND, K., LAURITSEN, B. & BECH, P. (1993). Satisfaction with care reported by psychiatric impatients : relationship to diagnosis and medical treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 87, 374-379. PERREAULT, M., KATERELOS, T.E., SABOURIN, S., LEICHNER, P. & DESMARAIS, J. (2001). Information as a distinct dimension for satisfaction assessment of outpatient psychiatric services. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 14 (3), 111-120.
ANKULA, G.Y. & ABELES, N. (1993). Client satisfaction, clinical significance and meaningful change in psychotherapy. Professionnal Psychology : Research & Practice, 24, 70-74. OTANI, K., HARRIS, L.E. & TIERNY, W.M. (2003). A paradigm shift in patient satisfaction assessment. Medical Care Research & Review, 60 (3), 347-365.
POLOWICYK, D., BRUTUS, M., ORVIETO, A.A., VIDAL, J. & CIPRIANI, D. (1993). Comparison of patient and staff surveys of consumer satisfaction. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 44, 589-591. OTANI, K., KURZ, R.S., BURROUGHS, T. E. & WATERMAN, B. (2003). Reconsidering models of patient satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Health Care Management Review, 28 (1), 7-20.
DELGADO, A., LOPEZ-FERNANDEZ, L.A. & DE DIOS LUNA, J. (1993). Influence of the doctor's gender in the satisfaction of the users. Medical Care, 31, 795-800. ATTKISSON, C.C. & GREENFIELD, T.K. (2004). The UCSF Client Satisfaction Scales : I. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8. In M. Maruish (Ed.), The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcome assessment. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
KELSTRUP, A., LUND, K., LAURITSEN, B. & BECH, P. (1993). Satisfaction with care reported by psychiatric impatients : relationship to diagnosis and medical treatment. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 87, 374-379. OTANI, K., KURZ, R.S. & HARRIS, L.E. (2005). Managing primary care using patient satisfaction Measures. Journal of Healthcare Management, 50 (5), 311-325.
ANKULA, G.Y. & ABELES, N. (1993). Client satisfaction, clinical significance and meaningful change in psychotherapy. Professionnal Psychology : Research & Practice, 24, 70-74. OTANI, K., HERMANN, P.A. & KURZ, R.S. (2010). Patient satisfaction integration process : Are there any racial differences ? Health Care Management Review, 35 (2), 116-123.
POLOWICYK, D., BRUTUS, M., ORVIETO, A.A., VIDAL, J. & CIPRIANI, D. (1993). Comparison of patient and staff surveys of consumer satisfaction. Hospitaland Community Psychiatry, 44, 589-591. OTANI, K., KIM, B.J. WATERMAN, B., BOSLAUGH, S., KLINKENBERG, W.D. & DUNAGAN, W.C. (2012). Patient satisfaction and organizational impact : A hierarchical linear modeling approach. Health Marketing Quarterly, 29, 256-269.

Voir auss Satisfaction et Patient
Satisfaction sexuelle : État général de celui ou celle qui évalue plus ou moins favorablement sa sexualité. Satisfaction sexuelle et dysfonction sexuelle. Sexual satisfaction.
   
ELLIS, A. (1959). The seven secrets of sexual satisfaction. Pageant, 14 (12), 26-31.
HAAVIO-MANNILA, E. & KONTULA, O. (1997). Correlates of increased sexual satisfaction. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 26 (4), 399-419. [PDF]
ROSEN, R.C. & BACHMANN, G.A. (2008). Sexual well-being, happiness, and satisfaction, in women : The case for a new conceptual paradigm. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34 (4), 29-297.
ABDO, C.H., AFIF-ABDO, J., OTANI, F. & MACHADO, A.C. (2008). Sexual satisfaction among patients with erectile dysfunction treated with counseling, sildenafil, or both. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5, 1720-1726.
DELAMATER, J. HYDE, J. & FONG, M.C. (2008). Sexual satisfaction in the seventh decade of life. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34, 439-454. [PDF]
RUBIN, H. & CAMPBELL, L. (2012). Day-to-day changes in intimacy predict heightened relationship passion, sexual occurrence, and sexual satisfaction : a dyadic diary analysis. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 3, 224-231.
ROSEN, N.O., MUISE, A., BERGERON, S., DELISLE, I. & BAXTER, M.L. (2015). Daily associations between partner responses and sexual and relationship satisfaction in couples coping with provoked vestibulodynia. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12, 1028-1039. [PDF]

Voir aussi Satisfaction
Saturation : Le terme a deux acceptions : a) Technique de modification du comportment des déviants sexuels développée par Marshall, qui divise les séances de traitement en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, l'objectif est d'amener le patient, généralement des hommes, à associer un stimulus agréable ou appétitif (l'orgasme) avec des images et des comportements socialement acceptés. On demande donc au patient de se masturber jusqu'à l'éjaculation en verbalisant des fantasmes sexuels non-déviants (jusqu'à satiété). Dans un second temps, on demande au patient qui vient d'éjaculer de continuer à se masturber en verbalisant cette fois-ci des fantasmes déviants (incluant ceux qui sont associés à son élit sexuel). Le patient doit continuer à se masturber jusqu'à ce que ses fanstasmes perdent tout caractère excitant; donc jusqu'à saturation (= écoeurement total). = écoeurement total. Satiation therapy. b) Critère méthodologique qui stipule que l'on doit mener des entrevues jusqu'à ce qu'il n'y ait plus d'éléments nouveaux dans les propos des répondants et que l'ajout de nouvelle information n'apporte plus rien à la compréhension du problème.
   
a
MARSHALL, W.L. (1979). Satiation therapy : A procedure for reducing deviant sexual arousal. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12, 10-22.
b
 
Saturation (en entrevue) : En recherche, consiste à interroger des participants jusqu'à ce que le chercheur puisse, au moyen de leurs réponses, répondre à toutes ses questions de recherche. Cette étape franchie marque la fin de la collecte de données.
   
Saucier Gérard ( ) : Psychologue américain, spécialisée dans l'étude de la personnalité, notamment du modèle des cinq traits centraux. Collaborateur de Golberg et Hampson.
SAUCIER, G. (1992). Openness versus intellect : Much ado about nothing ? European Journal of Personality, 6, 381-386.
SAUCIER, G. & GOLDBERG, L.R. (1998). What is beyond the Big Five ? Journal of Personality, 66, 495-524.
SAUCIER, G. & OSTENDORF, F. (1999). Hierarchical subcomponents of the Big Five personality factors : A cross-language replication. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 76, 613-627.
SAUCIER, G. (2009). What are the most important dimensions of personality ? Evidence from studies of descriptors in diverse languages. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 3/4, 620-637.
SAUCIER, G. & CONLEY, M. (2015). Separating personality and situation. European Journal of Personality, 29, 410-411.
Saumon : Poisson.
   
HOAR, W.S. (1951). The behavior of chum, pink and coho salmon in relation to their seeward migration. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 8, 241-243. GIBSON, R.J. (1966). The behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with regard of temperature and water velocity. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 107, 703-712.
KEENLEYSIDE, M.A.H. (1962). Skin diving observations of Atlantic salmon and brook trout in the Miramichi river, New-Brunswick. Journal of the Fisheries Reasearch Board of Canada, 19, 625-634. GIBSON, R.J. (1966). Some factors influencing the distributions of brook trout and young Atlantic salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 23, 1977-1980.
CHAPMAN, D.W. (1962). Aggressive behavior in juvenile coho salmon as a cause of emigration. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 19 (6), 1047-1080. SYMONS, P.E.K. (1971). Behavioral adjustment of population density to available food by juvenile Atlantic salmon. Journal of Animal Ecology, 40, 569-587.
KEENLEYSIDE, M.A.H. & YAMAMOTO, F.T. (1962). Territorial behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Behaviour, 19, 138-169. DILL, L.M., YDENBERG, R.C. & FRASER, A.G.H. (1981). Food aboundance and territory size in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1801-1809.
HARTMAN, G.F. (1965). Significance of early emergence, environmental rearing capacity, and behavioral ecology of juvenile coho salmon in stream channels. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 22, 173-189. DOCHTERMANN, N.A. & PEACOCK, M.M. (2013). Inter- and intra-specific patterns of density-dependence and population size variability in Salmoniformes. Oecologia, 171, 153-162.

Voir aussi Truite et Poisson
Saunders
Katryn J. Saunders Stephen M. Saunders
 
Saunders Kathryn J. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de la discrimination conditionelle du stimulus et de la lecture.
SAUNDERS, K.J. (1989). Naming in conditional discrimination and stimulus equivalence. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51 (3), 379-384. [PDF]
SAUNDERS, K.J. & SPRADLIN, J.E. (1989). Conditional discrimination in mentally retarded adults : The effects of training the component simple discriminations. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52 (1), 1-12. [PDF]
SAUNDERS, K.J. & SPRADLIN, J.E. (1990). Conditional discrimination in mentally retarded adults : The development of generalized skills. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 54 (3), 239-250. [PDF]
SAUNDERS, K.J., O'DONNELL, J., VAIDYA, M. & WILLIAMS, D.C. (2003). Recombinative generalization of within-syllable units in nonreading adults with mental retardation. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36 (1), 95-99. [PDF]
SAUNDERS, K.J. & DEFULIO, A. (2007). Phonological awareness and rapid naming predict word attack and word identification in adults with mild mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 112, 155-166.
Saunders Stephen M. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'évaluation des thérapies et de leur efficacité. Collaborateur de Howard.
SAUNDERS, S.M., HOWARD, K.I. & NEWMAN, F.L. (1988). Evaluating the clinical significance of treatment effects : Norms and normality. Behavioral Assessment, 10, 207-218.
SAUNDERS, S.M. (1993). Applicants' experience of the process of seeking therapy. Psychotherapy, 30, 554-564.
SAUNDERS, S.M. (1999). Clients' assessment of the affective environment f the psychotherapy session: Relationship to session quality and treatment effectiveness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 597-606.
SAUNDERS, S.M. & WOJCIK, J.V. (2004). The reliability and validity of a brief self-report questionnaire to screen for mental health problems : The Health Dynamics Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11, 233-241.
SAUNDERS, S.M. & BOWESOX, N. (2007). The process of seeking treatment for mental health problems. Mental Health & Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 4, 99-123.
Saussure
Ferdinand de Saussure Raymond de Saussure
 
Saussure Ferdinand de (1857-1913) : Linguiste, semiologue suisse et père du structuralisme linguistique. On lui doit les concepts de signifié et de signifiant.
DE SAUSSURE, R. (1913). Cours de linguistique générale. Paris : Édition Payot.
 

 
ANDRESEN, J. (1983). Signs and systems in Condillac and Saussure. Semiotica, 44 (3.4), 259-281.
Saussure Raymond de (Genève 1884-1971) : Psychanalyste suisse. Fils de Ferdinand de Saussure. Analysé par Alexander, Freud et Loewenstein.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/psychology/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/saussure-raymond-de-1894-1971
DE SAUSSURE, R. (1922). La méthode psychanalytique. Genève : Peyot. [LIRE]
DE SAUSSURE, R. (1929). Les fixations homosexuelles chez les femmes névrosées. Revue française de Psychanalyse, 3, 50-91.
DE SAUSSURE, R. (1939). Identification and substitution. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 20, 465-470.
DE SAUSSURE, R. (1943). Transference and animal magnetism. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 12, 194-201.
DE SAUSSURE, R. (1959). The metapsychology of pleasure. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 22, 649-674.
VERMOREL, H. (1994). Raymond de Saussure ou la passion de la psychanalyse. Dans C. Degoumois (Dir.), Actes du centenaire de la naissance de Raymond de Saussure (p. 74). Genève : Médecine et Hygiène.
QUINODOZ, J.-M. (2002). Saussure, Raymond de. Dans A. de Mijolla (Dir.), Dictionnaire international de la psychanalyse (p. 1521-1522). Calmann-Lévy.
Sauther Michelle L. ( ) : Anthropologue et primatologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du lémur. Collaboratrice de Sussman.
SAUTHER, M.L. (1989). Antipredator behavior in troops of free-ranging Lemur catta at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. International Journal of Primatology, 10, 595-606.
SAUTHER, M.L. (1991). Reproductive behavior of free-ranging Lemur catta at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 84, 463-477.
SAUTHER, M.L., SUSSMAN, R.W. (1999). New interpretation of the social organization and mating system of the ringtaled lemur (Lemur caita). In P.M. Kappeler and J.U. Ganzhom (Eds.), Lemur Social Systems and Their Ecological Basis, (pp. 111-121). New York : Plenum Press. [PDF]
SAUTHER, M., SUSSMAN, R.W. & GOULD, L. (1999). The socioecology of the ringtailed lemur : Thirty-five years of research. Evolutionary Anthropology, 8 (4), 120-132. [PDF]
SAUTHER, M.L., GOULD, L., CUOZZO, F.P. & O'MARA, M.T. (2015). Ring-tailed lemurs - A species reimagined special topic Issue. Folia Primatologica, 86 (1-2), 5-13.
Sauvage (Le bon...) : Expression qui désigne le postulat, défendu notamment par Rouseau, selon lequel l'humain naît bon (et, son corollaire, que c'est la société qui le corrompt ou le pervertit). = mythe du bon sauvage, principe du bon sauvage, hypothèse du bon sauvage. Noble savage.
   
ROUSSEAU, J.-J. (1762). Émile, ou de l'éducation. Libraire Duchesne. ANGLÀS GRANDE, S.M. (1999). Beyond the ecologically noble savage : Deconstructing the White man’s Indian. Environmental Ethics, 21 (3), 307-320. [PDF]
REDFORD, K. (1991). The ecologically noble savage. Orion, 9, 24-29. PINKER, S. (2002/05). The blank slate : The modern denial of human nature. New York : Viking. /Comprendre la nature humaine. Paris : Odile Jacob. [PDF]
ALVARD, M. (1993). Testing the "ecologically noble savage" hypothesis : interspecific prey choice by Piro hunters of Amazonian Peru. Human Ecology, 21, 355-387. LEBLANC, S. (2003). Constant battles : The myth of the peaceful, noble savage. New York : St. Martin’s Press.
STEARMAN, A. (1994). Only slaves climb trees : revisiting the myth of the ecologically noble savage in Amazonia. Human Nature, 5, 339-357. HAMES, R. (2007). The ecologically noble savage debate. Annual Review of Anthropology, 36, 177-190. [PDF]
BUEGE, D. (1996). The ecologically noble savage revisited. Environmental Ethics, 18, 71-88.  
 
Voir aussi Rousseau, Éducation et Enfant sauvage
Savage
Lisa M. Savage Sue E. Savage-Rumbaugh
 
Savage Lisa M. ( ) : Neupsychologue américaine et spécialiste de la mémoire, notamment du rôle de l'hippocampe. Collaboratrice de Overmier.
 SAVAGE, L.M., STACHFIELD, M. & OVERMIER, J.B. (1994). The effect of scopolamine, diazepam, and lorazapam on working memory in pigeons : An analysis of reinforcement procedures and sample problem type. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 48, 183-192.
 SAVAGE, L.M. & LANGLAIS, P.J. (1995). Differential outcomes attenuate memory impairments on matching-to-position following pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency in rats. Psychobiology, 23, 153-160.
 SAVAGE, L.M., PITKIN, S.R. & CARERI, J.M. (1999). Memory enhancement in aged rats : The differential outcomes effect. Developmental Psychobiology, 35, 318-327.
 SAVAGE, L.M., BUZETTI, R.A. & RAMIREZ, D.R. (2004). The effects of hippocampal lesions on learning, memory, and reward expectancies. Neurobiology of Learning & Memory, 82, 109-119. [PDF]
 SAVAGE, L.M., HALL, J. & VETRENO, R.P. (2011). Anterior thalamic lesion alter hippocampal dependent behavior and hippocampal acetylcholine release. Learning & Memory, 18, 751-758. [PDF]
Savage-Rumbaugh E. Sue (1946-) : Primatologue et spécialiste de l'étude des chimpanzés et des bonobos, notamment du langage. Savage-Rumbaugh et Kanzi. Collaboratrice deBeran, Fields, Hopkins, Menzel, Premack, Tomasello et Rumbaugh.
SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, E.S., RUMBAUGH, D.M., SMITH, S.T. & LAWSON, J. (1980). Reference : The linguistic essential. Science, 210, 922-925.
SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, E.S., MCDONALD, K., SEVCIK, R.A., HOPKINS, W.D. & RUPERT, E. (1986). Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 115 (3), 211-235. [PDF]
SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, E.S. & LEWIN, R. (1994). Kanzi : The ape at the brink of the human mind. New York : Wiley.
SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, E.S., FIELDS, W.M. & TAGLILATELA, J. (2000). Ape consciousness-human consciousness : A perspective informed by language and culture. American Zoology, 40, 910-921. [PDF]
SAVAGE-RUMBAUGH, E.S., FIELDS, W.M. & TAGLILATELA, J. (2001). Language, speech, tools and writing : a cultural imperative. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8 (5-7), 273-292. [PDF]
SUNDBERG, M.L. (1996). Toward granting linguistic competence to apes : A review of Savage-Rumbaugh, et al.'s Language comprehension in ape and child. The Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 65, 477-492. [PDF]
HANZEL, I. (2012). Sue Savage-Rumbaugh's research into ape language – Science and methodology. Organon F, 19 (2), 201-226. [PDF]
Saveur : Variation consciente du goût. Flavor.
   
ELIZALDE G. & SCLAFANI, A. (1988). Starch-based conditioned flavor preferences in rats : influence of taste, calories and CS-US delay. Appetite, 11, 179-200.
PEREZ, C., LUCAS, F. & SCLAFANI, A. (1995). Carbohydrate, fat, and protein condition similar flavor preferences in rats using an oral-delay procedure. Physiology & Behavior, 57, 549-554.
DELAMATER, A.R., CAMPESE, V., LOLORDO, V.M. & SCLAFANI, A. (2006). Unconditioned stimulus devaluation effects in nutrient-conditioned flavor preferences. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 32, 295-306.
DELAMATER, A.R. (2007). Extinction of conditioned flavor preferences. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 33, 160-171.
SCARLET, J. CAMPESE, V. & DELAMATER, A.R. (2009). Sensory-specific associations in flavor preference reversal learning. Learning & Behavior, 37, 179-187.
DELAMATER, A.R. (2011). Partial reinforcement and latent inhibition effects on stimulus-outcome associations in flavor preference conditioning. Learning & Behavior, 39, 259-270.
SCARLET, J., DELAMATER, A.R., CAMPESE, V., FEIN, M. & WHEELER, D.S. (2012). Differential involvement of the basolateral amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex in the formation of sensory-specific associations in conditioned flavor preference and magazine approach paradigms. European Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 1799-1809.

Voir aussi Goût
Saville Bryan K. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'enseignement à la lecture par les pairs. Collaborateur de Neef.
SAVILLE, B.K., ZINN, T.E & ELLIOT, M.P. (2005). Interteaching : vs. traditional methods of instruction : A preliminary analysis. Teaching of Psychology, 32, 161-163.
SAVILLE, B.K., ZINN, T.E., NEEF, N.A., VAN NORMAN, R. & FERRERI, S.J. (2006). A comparison of interteaching and lecture in the college classroom. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (1), 49-61. [PDF]
SAVILLE, B.K. & ZINN, T.E. (2009). Interteaching : the effects of quality points on exam scores. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42 (2), 369-374. [PDF]
SAVILLE, B.K., LAMBERT, T. & ROBERTSON, S. (2011). Interteaching : Bringing behavioral education into the 21st century. The Psychological Record, 61, 153-166. [PDF]
SAVILLE, B.K., COX, T., O’BRIEN, S. & VANDERVELDT, A. (2011). Interteaching : The impact of lectures on student performance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 44 (4), 937-941. [PDF]
Savoir : Ensemble des connaisances d'un domaine, d'une science, ce que l'on sait empiriquement et formellement d'une chose, d'un objet d'étude. Knowledge.
   
PASCUAL-LEONE, J. (1976). Metasubjective problems of constructive cognition : Forms of knowing and their psychological mechanism. Canadian Psychological Review, 17, 110-125. DESCARRIES, F. et VANDELAC, L. (1994). L'engendrement du savoir. Cahiers de Recherche Sociologique, 23, 5-24.
NELSON, T.O. & NARENS, L. (1980). A new technique for investigating the feeling of knowing. Acta Psychologica, 46, 69-80. CHARLOT, B. (1997). Du rapport au savoir. Éléments pour une théorie. Paris : Anthropos.
  FOUREZ, G., ENGLEBERT-LECOMTE V. et MATHY, P. (1997). Nos savoirs sur nos savoirs. Un lexique d'épistémologie pour l'enseignement. Bruxelles : De Boeck Université.
DEVELAY, M. (1993). Pour une épistémologie des savoirs scolaires. Pédagogie Collègiale, 7 (1), 35-40. [PDF] JOULE, R.-V. (2006). Acceptabilité sociale et savoirs scientifiques. Les Cahiers Internationaux de Psychologie Sociale, 70, 85-88.
  ASTOLFI, J.-P. (2008). La saveur des savoirs. Paris : ESF éditeur.
KORIAT, A. (1993). How do we know that we know? The accessibility model of the feeling of knowing. Psychological Review, 100, 609-639. LEGENDRE, M.F. (2008). Un regard socioconstructiviste sur la participation des savoirs à la construction du lien social. Éducation et Francophonie, 36 (2), 63-79. [PDF]

Voir aussi Science et Connaissance
Saxe/Saxena
Leonard Saxe Rebecca Saxe Saxena Sanjaya
 
Saxe Leonard ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude du mensonge et de sa détection. Il s'intéresse également aux religions.
SAXE, L., DOUGHERTY, D. & CROSS, T. (1985). The validity of polygraph testing : Scientific analysis and public controversy. American Psychologist, 40, 335-366.
SAXE, L. (1991). Lying : Thoughts of an applied social psychologist. American Psychologist, 46 (4), 409-415.
SAXE, L. (1994). Detection of deception. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 3, 69-73.
SAXE, L. & BEN-SHAKAR, G. (1999). Admissibility of polygraph tests : The application of scientific standards post-Daubert. Psychology, Public Policy & the Law, 5 (1), 203-223.
SAXE, L. (2002). The Israel connection and American Jews. American Jewish History, 90 (2), 185-188.
Saxe Rebecca ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la théorie de l'esprit.
SAXE, R. & KANWISHER, N. (2003). People thinking about thinking people : The role of the temporo-parietal junction in"theory of mind". NeuroImage, 19 (4), 1835-1842. [PDF]
SAXE, R. (2005). Against simulation : the argument from error. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9 (4), 174-179. [PDF]
SAXE, R. & CAREY, S. (2006). The perception of causality in infancy. Acta Psychologica, 123 (1-2), 144-165. [PDF]
SAXE, R., WHITFIELD-GABRIELI, S., SCHOLZ, J. & PELPHREY, K.A. (2009). Brain regions for perceiving and reasoning about other p eople in school-aged children. Child Development, 80 (4), 1197-1209. [PDF]
SAXE, R. & HOULIHAN, S.D. (2017). Formalizing emotion concepts within a Bayesian model of theory of mind. Current Opinion in Psychology, 17, 15-21. [PDF]
 Saxena Sanjaya ( ) : Psychiatre américain, spécialisé dans l'étude et le traitement du trouble d'accumulation compulsive et du trouble obsessionnel-compulsif. Collaborateur de Hollander.
SAXENA, S. & MAIDMENT, K.M. (2004). Treatment of compulsive hoarding. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 1143-1154.
SAXENA, S. (2007). Is compulsive hoarding a genetically and neurobiologically discrete syndrome ? Implications for diagnostic classification. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 380-384.
SAXENA, S., BRODY, A.L., MAIDMENT, K.M. & BAXTER, L.R. (2007). Paroxetine treatment of compulsive hoarding. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 41, 481-487. [PDF]
SAXENA, S. (2008). Recent advances in hoarding. Current Psychiatry Report, 10, 297-303. [PDF]
SAXENA, S., AYERS, C.R., MAIDMENT, K.M., VAPNICK, T., WETHERELL, J.L. & BYSTRITSKY, A. (2011). Quality of life and functional impairment in compulsive hoarding. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45 (4), 475-480. [PDF]
Say Jean-Baptiste (Lyon 1767-1832 Paris) : Économiste français. On lui doit notamment la loi de Say.
 
 
 
 
 
Sayette Michael A. (Morristown 1964-) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du comportement de boire et l'alcoolisme. Il s'intéresse également aux buveurs sociaux et au stress. Collaborateur de Fairbarn, Hull, Levine, Moreland et Wilson.
SAYETTE, M.A. (1993). An appraisal-disruption model of alcohol's effects on stress responses in social drinkers. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 459-476.
SAYETTE, M.A. (1999). Does drinking reduce stress ? Alcohol Research & Health, 2, 250-255.
SAYETTE, M.A., MARTIN, C.S., PERROTT, M. & WERTZ, J. (2001). Parental alcoholism and the effects of alcohol on semantic priming. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9, 409-417.
SAYETTE, M.A., WILSON, G.T. & CARPENTER, J.A. (1989). Cognitive moderators of alcohol's effects on anxiety. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 27, 685-690.
SAYETTE, M.A. (2017). The effects of alcohol on emotion in social drinkers. Behavior Research & Therapy, 88, 76-89. [PDF]
SAD - SCARDAMALIA - SCARR - SCÈNE PRIMITIVE - SCEPTICISME - LES SCEPTIQUES - SCEPTIQUES DU QUÉBEC - SCH
Scalaire : Le mot à deux significations voisines : a) Grandeur non vectorielle, définie entièrement par un nombre. b) Poisson en forme de triangle. *scalène. Scalar.
 
a
GIBBON, J. (1977). Scalar expectancy theory and Weber’s Law in animal timing. Psychological Review, 84, 279-325.
GIBBON, J., CHURCH, R.M. & MECK, W. (1984). Scalar timing in memory. In J. Gibbon & L.G. Allan (Eds.), Timing and time perception (pp. 52-77). New York : New York Academy of Sciences.
GIBBON, J., CHURCH, R.M., FAIRHURST, S. & KACELNIK, A. (1988). Scalar expectancy theory and choice between delayed rewards. Psychological Review, 95, 102-114.
KACELNIK, A., BRUNNER, D. & GIBBON, J. (1990). Timing mechanisms in optimal foraging : some applications of scalar expectancy theory. NATO ASI Ser. Behav. Mech. Food Selection, 20, 61-82.
GIBBON, J. (1991). Origins of scalar timing. Learning & Motivation, 22, 3-38.
LEAK, T. & GIBBON, J. (1995). Simultaneous timing of multiple intervals : Implications of the scalar property. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Process, 21, 3-19.
RATKIN, B., GIBBON, J., PENNEY, T.B., MALAPANI, C., HINTON, S.C. & MECK, W. (1998). Scalar expectancy theory and peak-interval timing in humans. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Process, 24, 15-33.
b
 
Scalp : Surface du crâne sur laquelle on place les électrodes d'un électro-encéphalogramme. scalp EEG
   
PFURTSCHELLER, G. & ARANIBAR, A. (1977). Event-related cortical desynchronization detected by power measurements of scalp EEG. Clinical EEG & Neuroscience, 42, 817-826.
Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy (1972-2002) : Revue scientifique de psychologie. Éditeur : Taylor and Francis. Maintenant Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.
 LUNDH, L.G. (1993). The role of behaviour and cognition in psychotherapy. Towards an integration. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 22, 3-30.

Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research : Revue scientifique de psychologie. Éditeur : Wiley.
BRÅTEN, I. (1991). Vygotsky as precursor to metacognitive theory : II. Vygotsky as metacognitivist. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 35 (4), 305-320. [PDF]

Scandinavian Journal of Psychology : Revue scientifique de psychologie. Éditeur : Wiley.
IVERSEN, I.H. (1975). Concurrent responses during multiple schedules in rats. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 15, 47-50.

Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review : Revue scientifique de psychologie. Éditeur : Taylor & Francis.
KARLSSON, G. (2000). The question of truth claims in psychoanalysis. The Scandinavian Psychoanalytic Review, 32 (1), 2-24.

Scandura Joseph M. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'apprentissage et de la résolution de problème. Il a développé une théorie de l'apprentissage structuré.
SCANDURA, J.M. (1970). The role of rules in behavior : Toward an operational definition of what (rule) is learned. Psychological Review, 77, 516-533.
SCANDURA, J.M. (1973). Structural learning I : Theory and research. London : Gordon & Breach.
SCANDURA, J.M. (1976). Structural learning II : Issues and approaches. London : Gordon & Breach.
SCANDURA, J.M. (1977). Problem Solving : A structural/process approach with instructional applications. New York : Academic Press.
SCANDURA, J.M. & SCANDURA, A. (1980). Structural learning and concrete operations : An approach to piagetian conservation. New York : Praeger.
Scardamalia Marlene ( ) : Socioconstructiviste canadienne, spécialisée en éducation et en apprentissage scolaire. Collaboratrice de Bereiter.
SCARDAMALIA, M. & BEREITER, C. (1993). Technologies for knowledge-building discourse. Communications of the AMC, 36, 37-41.
SCARDAMALIA, M. & BEREITER, C. (1994). Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 3 (3), 265-283. [PDF]
SCARDAMALIA, M. & BEREITER, C. (1999). Schools as knowledge building organizations. In D. Keating et C. Hertzman (Eds.), Today's children, tomorrow's society : The developmental health and wealth of nations (pp. 274-289). New York : Guilford.
SCARDAMALIA, M. & BEREITER, C. (2002). Knowledge building. In Encyclopedia of education (pp. 1370-1373). New York : Macmillan Reference.
SCARDAMALIA, M. & BEREITER, C. (2003). Knowledge building environments : Extending the limits of the possible in education and knowledge Work. In A. DiStefano, K.E. Rubestam & R. Silverman (Eds.), Encyclopedia of distributed learning. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
Scarf Damian ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la mémoire, notamment chez le le pigeon. Collaborateur de Colombo et Terrace.
SCARF, D. & COLOMBO, M. (2008). Representation of serial order : A comparative analysis of humans, monkeys, and pigeons. Brain Research Bulletin, 76 (3), 307-312.
SCARF, D. & COLOMBO, M. (2009). Eye movements during list execution reveal no planning in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 35 (4), 587-592.
SCARF, D. & COLOMBO, M. (2010). The formation and execution of sequential plans in pigeons (Columba livia). Behavioural Processes, 83 (2), 179-182.
SCARF, D. & COLOMBO, M. (2011). Pigeons on par with primates in numerical competence. Science, 34 (6063), 1664.
SCARF, D., JOHNSTON, M. & COLOMBO, M. (2018). Pigeons (Columba livia) learn a four-item list by trial and error. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 132 (3), 234–239.
Scarr Sandra Wood (Washington 1936-) : Psychométricienne américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude du développement et de l'intelligence. Elle est une des signataires du Groupe des 52.
SCARR, S.W. (1969). Effects of birth weight on later intelligence. Social Biology, 16, 249–256.
SCARR, S. & WEINBEWRG, R.A. (1983). The Minnesota Adoption Studies : genetic differences and malleability. Child Development, 54, 260-267. [PDF]
SCARR, S. & McCARTNEY, K. (1983). How people make their own environments : a theory of genotype ! environment effects. Child Development, 54, 424-435. [PDF]
SCARR, S.W. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s : Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63, 1-19. [PDF]
SCARR, S.W. (1993). Biological and cultural diversity : The legacy of Darwin for development. Child Development, 64, 1333-1353. [PDF]
Scénario cognitif : Petite histoire que l'on se raconte pour comprendre ou prédire une situation, ses propres comportements. Causal scenario.
   
JUNGERMANN, H. & THURING, M. (1987). The use of mental models for generating scenarios. In G. Wright & P. Ayton (Eds.), Judgmental forecasting. New York : Wiley.
READ, S.J. (1987). Constructing causal scenarios : A knowledge structure approach to causal reasoning. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52, 288-302.

Voir aussi Attribution
Scène primitive : Pour Freud, c'est l'expérience qu'éprouve un enfant qui assiste pour la première fois à la nudité et aux rapports sexuels adultes, généralement de ses parents. = scène originelle, scène originaire. Primal scene.
   
MCDOUGALL, J. (1972). Primal scene and sexual perversion. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 53, 371-384.
GREENACRE, P. (1973). The primal scene and the sense of reality. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 42, 10-41.
ARLOW, J.A. (1980). The revenge motive in the primal scene. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 28, 519-542.
OKAMI, P. (1995). Childhood exposure to parental nudity, parent-child co-sleeping, and "primal scenes" : A review of clinical opinion and empirical evidence. Journal of Sex Research, 32, 51-64.
ARON, L. (1995). The internalized primal scene. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 5, 195-238.
OKAMI, P., OLMSTEAD, R., ABRAMSON, P.R. & PENDLETON, L. (1998). Early childhood exposure to parental nudity and scenes of parental sexuality primal scenes) : an 18-year longitudinal study of outcome. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 27 (4), 361-384.

Voir aussi Freud et Nudité
Scepticisme Le terme a deux sens voisins : a) En psychologie, caractère d'un individu qui doute, même si les apparences devraient l'inciter à croire. = incrédulité, zététique. Skepticism. b) En science, vertu épistémique qui encourage le doute systématique et la critique de ce que l'on tient pour vrai, notamment les théories. c) Doctrine philosophique et épistémologique, défendue par Hume, qui doute de notre capacité à découvrir la vérité des choses. Pour lui, nous n'avons aucune preuve que la représentation du réel que nous fournissent les sens constitue une connaissance "vrai" de cette réalité. = scepticisme philosophique. ( ): Hume. Skepticism.
   
a
DITTO, P.H. & LOPEZ, D.F. (1992). Motivated skepticism : Use of differential decision criteria for preferred and nonpreferred conclusions. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 63, 568-584.

BLAIS, A. & RHEAULT, L. (2011). Optimists and skeptics : Why do people believe in the value of their single vote ? Electoral Studies, 30 (1), 77-82.
GLICK, P., GOTTESMAN, N.D. & JOLTON, J. (1989). The fault is not in the stars : susceptibility of skeptics and believers in astrology to the Barnum effect. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 572-583. LILIENFELD, S.O. (2012). Public skepticism of psychology : Why many people perceive the study of human behavior as unscientific. American Psychologist, 67 (2), 111-129. [PDF]
McKENZIE, C.R.M., WIXTED, J.T. & NOELLE, D.C. (2004). Explaining purportedly irrational behavior by modeling skepticism in task parameters : An example examining con dence in forced-choice tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 30, 947-959. VAN ELK, M. (2013). Paranormal believers are more prone to illusory agency detection than skeptics. Consciousness & Cognition 22, 1041-1046. [PDF]
FORGAS, J.R. & EAST, R. (2008b). On being happy and gullible : Mood effects on scepticism and the detection of deception. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1362-1367.

HOWARD-JONES, P.A. (2009). Scepticism is not enough. Cortex, 45, 550–551.  

  Voir aussi Incrédulité et Doute
b
ODEGARD, D. (1982). Knowledge and scepticism. New Jersey : Rowman and Littlefield. KURTZ, P. (2001). Skeptical odysseys. Amherst, N.Y. : Prometheus Books.
WATKINS, J.W.N. (1984). Science and scepticism. New Jersey : Princeton University Press. HUEMER, M. (2001). Skepticism and the veil of perception. Lanham : Rowman and Littlefield.

KURTZ, P. (2001). Skepticism and humanism : The new paradigm. Routledge.
  FUMERTON, R.A. (1995). Metaepistemology and skepticism. Lanham : Rowman and Littlefield. CARTER, C. (2007). Parapsychology and the skeptics. Pittsburgh, PA : Sterling House.
  NORMAND, M.P. (2008). Science, skepticism, and applied behavior analysis. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 1 (2), 42-49. [PDF]

  Voir aussi Sceptiques et Les Sceptiques du Québec
c
HUME, D. (1748/1983). An enquiry concerning human understanding /Enquête sur l'entendement humain. Paris : Flammarion. MILLICAN, P. (2002). Hume's sceptical doubts concerning induction. In P. Millican (Ed.). Reading Hume on human understanding (pp. 107-173). Oxford : Clarendon Press.
  LOEB, L.E. (2006). Psychology, epistemology and skepticism in Hume's argument about induction. Synthese, 152 (3), 321-338.
FOGELIN, R.J. (1983). The tendency of Hume's skepticism. In M. Burnyeat (Dir.), The skeptical tradition (pp. 397-412). Los Angeles : University of California Press. SCHNALL, I.M. (2007). Hume on "popular" and "philosophical" skeptical arguments. Hume Studies, 33 (1), 41-66.
FOGELIN, R.J. (1985). Hume's skepticism in the treatise of human nature. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. RUSSELL, P. (2008). The riddle of Hume's treatise : Skepticism, naturalism, and irreligion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
FALKENSTEIN, L. (1997). Naturalism, normativity and scepticism in Hume's account of belief. Hume Studies, 23 (1), 29-72. BAXTER, D. (2008). Interpreting Hume as a metaphysician and skeptic. In Hume's difficulty : time and identity in the treatise (pp. 6-16). London : New York : Routledge.
 
Voir aussi Scepticisme philosophique, Hume et Doctrine
Scepticisme philosophique : Doctrine philosophique et épistémologique, notamment défendue par Hume, qui doute de notre capacité à découvrir la vérité des choses. Pour lui, nous n'avons aucune preuve que la représentation du réel que nous fournissent les sens constitue une connaissance "vrai" de cette réalité. Cette position s'oppose à l'idéalisme de Berkeley et au réalisme empirique ou directe de Reid. = scepticisme philosophique. ( ): Hume. Skepticism.
   
HUME, D. (1748/1983). An enquiry concerning human understanding /Enquête sur l'entendement humain. Paris : Flammarion. HETHERINGTON, S. (2002). The grue possibility as a sceptical possibility ? Philosophia, 29, 253-260.
ROBIN, L. (1944). Pyrrhon et le scepticisme grec. Paris : Presses Universitaires de Paris. PRITCHARD, D. (2002). Recent work on radical skepticism. American Philosophical Quarterly, 39, 215-257. [PDF]
POPKIN, R.H. (1964). The history of skepticism from Erasmus to Descartes. New York : Prometheus Books.  
UNGER, P. (1971). A defense of skepticism. The Philosophical Review, 30, 198-218. MILLICAN , P. (2002). Hume's sceptical doubts concerning induction. In P. Millican (Ed.). Reading Hume on human understanding (pp. 107-173). Oxford : Clarendon Press.
LEHRER, K. (1971). Why not scepticism ? The Philosophical Forum, 2, 283-298. PRITCHARD, D. (2005). The structure of sceptical arguments. The Philosophical Quarterly, 55, 37-52. [PDF]
FOGELIN, R.J. (1983). The tendency of Hume's skepticism. In M. Burnyeat (Ed.), The skeptical tradition (pp. 397-412). Los Angeles : University of California Press. LOEB, L.E. (2006). Psychology, epistemology and skepticism in Hume's argument about induction. Synthese, 152 (3), 321-338.
FOGELIN, R.J. (1985). Hume's skepticism in the treatise of human nature. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul. SCHNALL, I.M. (2007). Hume on "popular" and "philosophical" skeptical arguments. Hume Studies, 33 (1), 41-66.
MOSER, P.K. (1988). Meaning, justification, and skepticism. Philosophical Papers, 17 (2), 77-101. PRITCHARD, D. (2008). Certainty and scepticism. Philosophical, 18, 58-67. [PDF]
MOSER, P.K. (1988). The relativity of skepticism. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 57 (2), 401-406.  
FREDE, M. (1997). The sceptic's beliefs. In M. Frede & M. Burnyeat (Eds.), The original sceptics : A controversy (pp. 1-24). Indianapolis : Hackett Publishing Company.  

Voir aussi Scepticisme, Hume et Doctrine
Sceptique : Qui doute, et donc examine et critique l'objet de ce doute, généralement en s'appuyant sur la science. Désigne l'ensemble des individus (souvent des intellectuels, des journalistes ou des scientifiques) qui critiquent ou contestent certaines conclusions ou manière de faire de la recherche, notamment en psychologie (le caractère plus ou moins scientifique de certaines recherches, la faiblesse de certaines méthodes, l'absence de groupe de contrôle, l'imprécision des mesures/évaluation, la mise au jour de fraudes) ou des thérapies psychologiques ou médicamenteuse (efficacité douteuse ou non fondée de certains traitements). =sceptique, critique. Quackbuster, critic.
 
Les sceptiques
Parapsychologie + Phénomènes paranormaux Psychanalyse Post-modernisme Pseudopsychologie + pseudotherapies. +
 Médecine alternative
Surmédication, Antidépresseur,Psychotrope + DSM
Alcock Cottraux Bricmont Alcock Antonuccio
Andrus Meehl Boghossian Barrett Barrett
Broch Onfray Lindsay Beyerstein Bentall
Gardner Pleux Pluckrose Bricmont Bracken
Hyman Torrey Sokal Bunge Breggin
Jones Van Rillaer   Dawes Caplan
Klass     Herbert Cohen
Kurtz
  Lilienfield Cooper
Lamont     Lohr Double
Marks     Novella Fava
Nickell     Pigliucci Fisher
Novella     Rosen Flora
Randi     Sampson Greenberg
Sagan     Sokal Healy
Wiseman     Stanovich Horwitz
Zusne     Van Rillaer Kirk
Autres membres du CSI    
Kirsch
        Kutchins
        Lane
        Laing
        Moncrieff
        Mosher
        Read
        St-Onge
        Szasz
        Thomas
        Timimi
        Wakefield
        Whitaker
 
   
McKENZIE, C.R.M., WIXTED, J.T. & NOELLE, D.C. (2004). Explaining purportedly irrational behavior by modeling skepticism in task parameters : An example examining con dence in forced-choice tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 30, 947-959.
NORMAND, M.P. (2008). Science, skepticism, and applied behavior analysis. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 1 (2), 42-49. [PDF]
LILIENFELD, S.O. (2012). Public skepticism of psychology : Why many people perceive the study of human behavior as unscientific. American Psychologist, 67 (2), 111-129. [PDF]
LOXTON, D. (2013). Why Is there a skeptical movement ? The Skeptics Society, 1-79. [PDF]
VAN ELK, M. (2013). Paranormal believers are more prone to illusory agency detection than skeptics. Consciousness & Cognition, 22, 1041-1046 [PDF]
LINDEMAN, M., SVEDHOLM, A.M., RIEKKI, T., RAIJ, T. & HARI, R. (2013). Is it just a brick wall or a sign from the universe ? An fMRI study of supernatural believers and skeptics. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 8, 943-949.

Voir aussi science et Scepticisme
Sceptiques du Québec : Organisme québécois qui fait la promotion du scepticisme, de la pensée critique et de la science.
  LOXTON, D. (2013). Why Is there a skeptical movement ? The Skeptics Society, 1-79. [PDF]
SC - SCHAIE - SCHACHTER - SCHE - SCHELLING - SCHÉMA/SCHÈME - SCHI - SCHIZOPHRÉNIE - SCHL - SCHM - SCHN - SCHO - SCHU - SCHW - SCI
Schaal David W. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'apprentissage, notamment des délais de renforcement. Collaborateur de Branch, Shahan et Timberlake.
SCHAAL, D.W. & BRANCH, M.N. (1988). Responding of pigeons under variable-interval schedules of unsignaled, briefly signalled, and completely signalled delays to reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 50 (1), 33-54. [PDF]
SCHAAL D.W., SCHUH, K.J. & BRANCH, M.N. (1992). Key pecking of pigeons under variable-interval schedules of briefly signaled delayed reinforcement : effects of variable-interval value. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 58 (2), 277-286. [PDF]
SCHAAL, D.W. (1998). Skinner may be difficult, but... The Behavior Analyst, 21 (1), 73-91. [PDF]
SCHAAL, D.W., ODUM, A.L. & SHAHAN, T.A. (2000). Pigeons may not remember the stimuli that reinforced their recent behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 73 (2), 125-139. [PDF]
SCHAAL, D.W. (2005). Naming our concerns about neuroscience : A review of Bennett and Hacker's philosophical foundations of neuroscience. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 84 (3), 683-692. [PDF]
Schachar/Schachter/Schacter
Russell Schachar Stanley Schachter Daniel L. Schacter
 
Schachar Russell ( ) : Psychiatre canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de l'hyperactivité et du trouble d'attention avec hyperactivité. Collaborateur de Logan, Rutter et Tannock.
SCHACHAR, R., RUTTER, M. & SMITH, A. (1981). The characteristics of situationally and pervasively hyperactive children : Implications for syndrome definition. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 22, 375-392.
SCHACHAR, R.J. & LOGAN, G.D. (1990). Are hyperactive children deficient in attentional capacity ? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18, 493-513. [PDF]
SCHACHAR, R.J., TANNOCK, R. & LOGAN, G.D. (1993). Inhibitory control, impulsiveness, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 721-739. [PDF]
SCHACHAR, R.J., MOTA, V.L., LOGAN, G.D., TANNOCK, R. & KLIM, P. (2000). Confirmation of an inhibitory deficit in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 227-235. [PDF]
SCHACHAR, R.J., CHEN, S., LOGAN, G.D., ORNSTEIN, T.J., CROSBIE, J., ICKOWICZ, A. & PAKULAK, A. (2004). Evidence for an error monitoring deficit in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 285-293. [PDF]
Schachter Stanley (New York 1922-1997 East Hampton) : Psychosociologue américain. Il a étudié le phénomène de l'attribution, notamment en lien avec les émotions, le comportement de fumer et l'obésité. Étudiant de Festinger. Professeur de Latane, Nisbett, Rodin, Ross, Valins et collaborateur de Singer.

No 7
SCHACHTER, S. (1951). Deviation, rejection and communication. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 46, 190-207.
SCHACHTER, S. & SINGER, J.E. (1962). Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review, 69, 379-399.
SCHACHTER, S. & WHEELER, L. (1962). Epinephrine, chlorpromazine, and amusement. ournal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 65 (2), 121-128. [PDF]
SCHACHTER, S. (1968). Obesity and eating. Science, 161, 751-756.
SCHACHTER, S., CHRISTENFELD, N., RAVINA, B. & BILOUS, F. (1991). Speech disfluency and the structure of knowledge. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60 (3), 362-367. [PDF]
PLUTCHIK, R. & AX, A.F. (1967). A critique of determinants of emotional state by Schachter and Singer (1962). Psychophysiology, 4 (1), 79-82.
COTTON, J.L. (1982). A review of research on Schacter's theory of emotion and missattribution of arousal. European Journal of Social Psychology, 11 (4), 365-397.
REISENZEIN, E. (1983). The Schachter theory of emotion : Two decades later. Psychological Bulletin, 94 (2), 239-264. [PDF]
GRUNBERG, N.E., NISBETT, RE., RODIN, J. & SINGER, J.E. (1987). A distinctive approach to psychological research : The influence of Stanley Schachter. Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
NISBETT, R.E. (2000). Stanley Schachter (1922-1997) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 55 (12), 1505-1506.
Schacter Daniel Lawrence (Scarsdale 1952-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la mémoire et des amnésies. Collaborateur de Bar, Budson, Dodson, Fiske, Gilbert, Graf, Kihlstrom, Lustig, Moscovitch, Phelps, Shin, Tulving et Wegner.
SCHACTER, D.L., WANG, P.L., TULVING, E. & FREEDMAN, M. (1982). Functional retrograde amnesia : A quantitative case study. Neuropsychologia, 20, 523-532. [PDF]
SCHACTER, D.L., MOSCOVITCH, M., TULVING, E., MCLACHLAN, D.R. & FREEDMAN, M. (1986). Mnemonic precedence in amnesic patients : An analogue of the AB error in infants ? Child Development, 57 (3), 816-823. [PDF]
SCHACTER, D.L. (1998). Memory and awareness. Science, 280, 59-60.
SCHACTER, D.L. & DODSON, C.S. (2001). Misattribution, false recognition and the sins of memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Science, 356 (1413), 1385-1393. [PDF]
SCHACTER, D.L. & ADDIS, D.R. (2007). The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory : remembering the past and imagining the future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences, 362, 773-786. [PDF]
Schafer/Schnaffner/Shaffer/Sheaffer
Joseph L. Schafer Israël Scheffler Laurence F. Shaffer
Brian F. Schaffner Howard J Shaffer Simon Shaffer
Kenneth F. Schaffner Juliet Popper Shaffer Robert Sheaffer
 
Schafer Joseph L. ( ) : Statisticien américain et spécialiste de l'analyse des données manquantes. Collaborateur de Graham et Rubin.
SCHAFER, J.L. (1997). Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. London : Chapman & Hall.
SCHAFER, J.L. & OLSEN, M.K. (1998). Multiple imputation for multivariate missing-data problems : A data analyst's perspective. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 33, 545- 571.
SCHAFER, J.L. (1999). Multiple imputation : a primer. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 8, 3-15.
SCHAFER, J.L. & SCHENKER, N. (2000). Inference with imputed conditional means. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 144-154.
SCHAFER, J.L. & GRAHAM, J.W. (2002). Missing data : Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7 (2), 147-177. [PDF]
Schaffner Brian F. ( ) : Politologue américain.
SCHAFFNER, B.F. & STREB, M.J. (2002). The partisan heuristic in low information elections. Public Opinion Quarterly, 66 (4), 559-581. [PDF]
SCHAFFNER, B.F. (2005). Priming gender : Campaigning on women's issues in U.S. Senate elections. American Journal of Political Science, 49 (4), 803-817.[PDF]
SCHAFFNER, B.F. & GADSON, M. (2004). Reinforcing stereotypes ? Race and local coverage of U.S. House Members. Social Science Quarterly, 85 (3), 604-623. [PDF]
SCHAFFNER, B.F. & SENIC, N. (2006). Rights or benefits ? Explaining the sexual identity gap in American political behavior. Political Research Quarterly, 59 (1), 123-132. [PDF]
SCHAFFNER, B.F. & ROCHE, C. (2017). Misinformation and motivated reasoning : Responses to economic news in a politicized environment. Public Opinion Quarterly, 81 (1), 86-110. [PDF]
Schaffner Kenneth F. (New York 1939-) : Philosophe américain et spécialiste de l'étude du réductionisme.
SCHAFFNER, K.F. (1964). Correspondence rules. Philosophy of Science, 36 (3), 280-290.
SCHAFFNER, K.F. (1967). Approaches to reduction. Philosophy of Science, 34, 137-147.
SCHAFFNER, K.F. (1969). The Watson-Crick model and reductionism. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 20, 325-348.
SCHAFFNER, K.F. (2006). Reduction : The Cheshire Cat problem and a return to roots. Synthese, 151 (3), 377-402.
SCHAFFNER, K.F. (2012). Ernest Nagel and reduction. Journal of Philosophy, 109 (8/9), 534-565.
Schaie K. Warner (Stettin 1928-2023) : Psychologue et gérontologue américain, d'origine polonaise. Il s'intéresse notamment au développement, au vieillissement et à la rigidité cognitive. Collaborateur de Birren.
SCHAIE, K.W. (1955). A test of behavioral rigidity. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 51 (3), 604-610.
SCHAIE, K.W. (1973). Selective attrition effects in a fourteen-year study of adult intelligence. Journal of Gerontology, 28 (3), 328-334. [PDF]
SCHAIE, K.W., DUTTA, R. & WILLIS, S.L. (1991). Relation between rigidity-flexibility and cognitive abilities in adulthood. CPsychology & Aging, 6 (3), 371-383. [PDF]
SCHAIE, K.W. (1994). The course of adult intellectual development. American Psychologist, 49, 304-313. [PDF]
SCHAIE, K.W. (2002). Past and future of geropsychology at the millennium. Contemporary Gerontology, 8, 104-107. [PDF]
Schaller Mark ( ) : Psychosociologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude des préjugés. Étudiant de Latané.
SCHALLER, M., BOYD, C., YOHANNES, J. & O'BRIEN, M. (1995). The prejudiced personality revisited : Personal need for structure and formation of erroneous group stereotypes. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68 (3), 544-555. [PDF]
SCHALLER, M., PARK, J.H. & MUELLER, A. (2003). Fear of the dark : Interactive effects of beliefs about danger and ambient darkness on ethnic stereotypes. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 637-649. [PDF]
SCHALLER, M. & MURRAY D.R. (2008). Pathogens, personality, and culture : disease prevalence predicts worldwide variability in sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 95 (1), 212-221. [PDF]
SCHALLER, M. (2011). The behavioural immune system and the psychology of human sociality. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences, 366, 3418-3426. [PDF]
SCHALLER, M. & NEUBERG, S.L. (2012). Danger, disease, and the nature of prejudice(s). Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 46, 1-54. [PDF]
Schalock Robert L. (1940-) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la qualité de vie et des comportements adaptatifs. Collaborateur de Tassé.
SCHALOCK, R.L., KEITH, K.D., HOFFMAN, K. & KARAN, O.C. (1989). Quality of life: Its measurement and use. Mental Retardation, 27 (1), 25-31.
SCHALOCK, R.L. (1993). La qualité de vie : Conceptualisation, mesure et application. Revue Francophone de la Déficience Intellectuelle, 4 (2), 137-151. [PDF]
SCHALOCK, R.L. (1999). The merging of adaptive behavior and intelligence : Implications for the field of mental retardation. In R.L. Schalock (Ed.), Adaptive behavior and its measurement : Implications for the field of mental retardation (pp. 43-59). Washington, DC : American Association on Mental Retardation.
SCHALOCK, R.L. VERDUGO, M.A., JENARO, C., WANG, M., WEHMEYER, M., IANCHENG, X. & LACHAPELLE, Y. (2005). Cross-cultural study of quality of life indicators. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 110, 298-311.
SCHALOCK, R.L., LUCKASSON, R.A. & SHOGREN, K.A. (2007). The renaming of mental retardation : Understanding the change to the term intellectual disability. Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, 45, 116-124.
Schank
Jeffrey C. Schank Roger C. Schank
 
Schank Jeffrey C. ( ) : Psychobiologiste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la coopération et de la synchronisation des menstruations. Collaborateur de McClintock.
SCHANK, J.C. & McCLINTOCK, M.K. (1992). A coupled-oscillater model of ovarian-cycle synchrony among female rats. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 157, 317-362.
SCHANK, J.C. & McCLINTOCK, M.K. (1997). Ovulatory pheromone shortens ovarian cycles of female rats living in olfactory isolation. Physiology & Behavior, 62, 899-904.
SCHANK, J.C. (2000). Menstrual-cycle variability and measurement : further cause for doubt. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25 (8), 837-847. [PDF]
SCHANK, J.C. (2001). Menstrual-cycle synchrony : Problems and new directions for research. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 115 (1), 3-15. [PDF]
SCHANK, J.C. (2006). Do human menstrual cycle pheromones exist ? Human Nature, 17, 448-470. [PDF]
Schank Roger C. (New York 1946-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain. On lui doit notamment le concept de script. Collaborateur d'Abelson et Langer.
SCHANK, R.C. (1972). Conceptual dependency : a theory of natural language understanding. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 552-631.
SCHANK, R.C. (1975). Conceptual information processing. New York : Elsevier.
SCHANK, R.C. & ABELSON, R. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Hillsdale : Erlbaum.
SCHANK, R.C. (1986). Explanation patterns : Understanding mechanically and creatively. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
SCHANK, R.C. & LANGER, E. (Eds.) (1994). Beliefs, reasoning and decision-making : Psychologic in honor of Robert Abelson. New Jersey : Erlbaum Publishing.
Schatzman Morton ( ) : Psychiatre américain. Il s'intéresse au rêve et à la capacité de résoudre des problèmes personnels en dormant.
SCHATZMAN, M. (1983). Solve your problems in your sleep. New Scientist, 9, 692-693.
SCHATZMAN, M. (1983). The uses of lucid dreams. Self & Society : An International Journal for Humanistic Psychology, 11 (2), 66-73.
SCHATZMAN, M. (1984). Dreams and problem solving. International Medicine, 4, 6-9.
SCHATZMAN, M. (1986). The meaning of dreams. New Scientist, 25, 36-39.
SCHATZMAN, M. WORSLEY, A. & FENWICK, P. (1988). Correspondence during lucid dreams between dreamed and actual events. In J. Gackenbach & S. Laberge (Eds.), Conscious mind, sleeping brain (pp. 155-179). New York : Plenum Press.
Schaufeli Wilmar B. ( ) : Psychologue organisationnel néerlandais et spécialiste de l'étude de l'épuisement professionnel et de la précarité du travail. Collaborateur de Bakker, Buunk, Demouriti, Leiter et Maslach.
SCHAUFELI, W.B. & JANCZUR, B. (1994). Burnout among nurses : A Polish-Dutch comparison. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25, 95-113. [PDF]
SCHAUFELI, W.B., BAKKER, A., SCHAAP, C., KLADLER, A. & HOOGDUIN, C.A.L. (2001). On the clinical validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Burnout Measure. Psychology & Health, 16, 565-582. [PDF]
SCHAUFELI, W.B. & BAKKER, A.B. (2004) Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement : A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315. [PDF]
SCHAUFELI, W.B., BAKKER, A.B. & VAM RHENEN, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30, 893-917. [PDF]
SCHAUFELI, W.B. (2016). Job insecurity research is still alive and kicking twenty years later : A commentary. Australian Psychologist, 51, 32–35. [PDF]

Schaughency/Shaughnessy
John J. Shaughnessy Michael J. Shaughnessy Elizabeth A. Schaughency
 
Schaughency Elizabeth A. ( ) : Psychologue nouvelle-zélandaise et spécialiste de l'éducation, notamment de l'acquisition des habiletés de lecture. Professeure de Suggate.
SCHAUGHENCY, E. & ERVIN, R. (2006). Building capacity to implement and sustain effective practices to better serve children. School Psychology Review, 35 (2), 155-166.
SCHAUGHENCY, E. & SUGGATE, S. (2008). Measuring basic early literacy skills amongst year 1 students in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 43, 85-106.
SCHAUGHENCY, E., RIORDAN, J., DAS, S., CARROLL, J. & REESE, E. (2016). Embracing the principle of ako : Growing partnerships between parents, early childhood educators and researchers. Early Childhood Folio, 20 (2), 31-36.
SCHAUGHENCY, E., McLENNAN, K.M. & McDOWALL, P.S. (2015). Development and preliminary evaluation of an adaptation of word identification fluency for beginning readers in New Zealand. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 40 (2), 67-80.
SCHAUGHENCY, E., SUGGATE, S. & REESE, E. (2017). Links between early oral narrative and decoding skills and later reading in a New Zealand sample. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 22, 109-132.
Scheeler Mary Catherine ( ) : Spécialiste américaine de l'éducation, notamment de la rétroaction en classe.
SCHEELER, M.C. & LEE, D.L. (2002). Using technology to deliver immediate corrective feedback to preservice teachers. Journal of Behavioral Education, 11 (4), 231-241.
SCHEELER, M.C. RUHL K.L. & McAFEE, J.K. (2004). Providing performance feedback to teachers : A review. Teacher Education and Special Education, 27, 396-407.
SCHEELER, M.C., McAFEE, J.K., RUHL, K.L. & LEE, D L. (2006). Effects of corrective feedback delivered via wireless technology on preservice teacher performance and student behavior. Teacher Education & Special Education, 29 (1), 12-25.
SCHEELER, M.C., CONGDON, M. & STANSBERY, S. (2010). Providing immediate feedback to co-teachers through bug-in-ear technology : An effective method of peer coaching in inclusion classrooms. Teacher Education and Special Education : The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 33 (1), 83-96.
SCHEELER, M.C., MCKINNON, K. & STOUT, J. (2011). Effects of immediate feedback delivered via webcam and bug-in-the-ear technology on preservice teacher performance. Teacher Education & Special Education, 20 (10) 1-14.
Scheffé Henry (New York 1907-1977 Berkeley États-Unis) : Statisticien américain. Il a développé un test qui porte son nom et qui permet, dans une analyse de variance, de montrer quels groupes ou mesures comparés deux-à-deux sont significativement différents. Professeur de Kruskal. Collaborateur de Lehmann, Tukey et Wilks.
SCHEFFÉ, H. (1943). Statistical inference in the non-parametric case. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 14, 305-332.
SCHEFFÉ, H. & TUKEY, J.W. (1945). Non-parametric estimation. Validation of order statistics. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 16, 187-192.
SCHEFFÉ, H. (1953). A new method for judging all contrasts in the analysis of variance. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society : Series B, 15, 125-139.
SCHEFFÉ, H. (1955). Experiments with mixtures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society : Series B, 20 (2), 344-360.
SCHEFFÉ, H. (1959). The analysis of variance. New York : Wiley.
DEMPSTER, A.P. (1960). Henry Scheffé, the analysis of variance. Technometrics, 2 (4), 517.
Scheffler Israel (1923-2014) : Philosophe américain et spécialiste de l'éducation.
 SCHEFFLER, I. (1957). Explanation, prediction, and abstraction. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 7 (28), 293-309.
SCHEFFLER, I. (1969). Reflections on educational relevance. Journal of Philosophy, 66 (21), 764-773.
SCHEFFLER, I. (1971). Explanations, desires, and inscriptions. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 22 (4), 362-369.
SCHEFFLER, I. (1989/2003). Le langage de l’éducation. Klincksieck.
SCHEFFLER, I. (1997). Symbolic worlds : Art, science, language, ritual. Cambridge University Press.
Scheier Michael F. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'optimisme et des effets psychologiques du cancer. Avec Carver, il a développé une théorie de l'optimisme dispositionel. Collaborateur de Carver.
SCHEIER, M.F. & CARVER, C.S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health : Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health psychology, 4 (3), 219-247.
SCHEIER, M.F. & BRIDGES, M.W. (1994). Person variables and health : Personality predispositions and acute psychological states as shared determinants for disease. Psychosomatic Medicine, 57, 255-268. [PDF]
SCHEIER, M.F. & CARVER, C.S. (2001). Adapting to cancer : The importance of hope and purpose. In A. Baum & B.L. Andersen (Eds.), Psychosocial interventions for cancer (pp. 15-36). Washington D.C. : American Psychological Association. [PDF]
SCHEIER, M.F., MATTHEWS, K.A., OWENS, J.F., SCHULZ, R., BRIDGES, M.W., MAGOVERN, G.J. & CARVER, C.S. (1999). Optimism and rehospitalization following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 829-835. [PDF]
SCHEIER, M.F., HELGESON, V.S., SCHULZ, R., COLVIN, S., BEGA, S., BRIDGES, M.W., KNAPP, J., GERSZTEN, K. & PAPPERT, W.S. (2005). Interventions to enhance physical and psychological functioning among younger women who are ending nonhormonal adjuvant treatment for early stage breast cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23 (19), 4298-4311. [PDF]
 
Schein/Schyns/Shins
Edgar H. Schein Phillipe G. Schyns Lisa Shin
 
Schein Edgar H. (Zurich 1928-2023 Palo Alto) : Psychologue organisationel américain, d'origine suisse, et spécialiste de l'étude du leadership et des cultures d'entreprise.
SCHEIN, E.H. (1993). How can organizations learn faster ? The challenge of entering the green room. Sloan Management Review, 34, 85-92.
SCHEIN, E.H. (1980). Organizational psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall Inc.
SCHEIN, E.H. (1992/2004). Organizational culture and leadership. New York : Wiley Publishers.
SCHEIN, E.H. (1996). Culture : The missing concept in organizational studies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 229-240. [PDF]
SCHEIN, E.H. (2004). Learning when and how to lie : A neglected aspect of organizational and occupational socialization. Human Relations, 57 (3), 260-273. [PDF]
Scheler Max (Muncih 1874-1928 Francfort-sur-le-Main) : Philosophe existentialiste allemand. Étudiant de Dilthey, Simmel et Stumpf.

SCHELER, M. (1952). La pudeur. Aubier-Montaigne.
SCHELER, M. (1955). L'homme et l'histoire ; Les formes du savoir et de la culture. Paris : Aubier.
SCHELER, M. (1955). Le formalisme en éthique et l'éthique matérielle des valeurs : essai nouveau pour fonder un personnalisme éthique. Paris : Gallimard.
SCHELER, M. (1970). L'homme du ressentiment. Paris : Gallimard
SCHELER, M. (1970). Nature et formes de la sympathie : contribution à l'étude des lois de la vie affective. Paris : Peyot.
Schellenberg Glenn E. ( ) : Psychologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la perception de la musique. Collaborateur de Bem, Bialystok et Peretz.
SCHELLENBERG, E.G. & BEM, S.L. (1998). Blaming people with AIDS : Who deserves to be sick ? Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 3, 65-80.
SCHELLENBERG, E.G., HIRT, J. & SEARS, A. (1999). Attitudes toward homosexuals among students at a Canadian university. Sex Roles, 40, 139-152. [PDF]
SCHELLENBERG, E.G., KRYSCIAK, A.M. & CAMPBELL, R.J. (2000). Perceiving emotion in melody : Interactive effects of pitch and rhythm. Music Perception, 18, 155-171.
SCHELLENBERG, E.G. & PERETZ, I. (2008). Music, language, and cognition : Unresolved issues. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 45-46. [PDF]
SCHELLENBERG, E.G. (2011). Music lessons, emotional intelligence, and IQ. Music Perception, 29, 185-194. [PDF]
STEELE, K.M. (2005. Do music lessons enhance IQ ? A reanalysis of Schellenberg (2004). The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 4 (2), 6-9. [PDF]
STEELE, K.M. (2005/2006). Weak justification for combining groups : A reply to Schellenberg. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 4, 16-18. [PDF]
Schelling
Thomas Crombie Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling
   
Schelling Thomas Crombie (Oakland 1921-2016 Bathesda) : Économiste américain et prix Nobel d'économie en 2005. Ses travaux portent sur les conflits et la théorie des jeux.
SCHELLING, T.C. (1960/76). The strategy of conflict. Harvard : Harvard University Press/Oxford : Oxford University Press.
SCHELLING, T.C. (1971). Dynamic models of segregation. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 1, 143-186.
SCHELLING, T.C. (1973). Hockey helmets, concealed weapons, and daylight saving : a study of binary choices with externalities. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 17 (3), 381-428. [PDF]
SCHELLING, T.C. (1978/80). Micromotives and macrobehavior / La Tyrannie des petites décisions. W.W. Norton and Co/Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
SCHELLING, T.C. (1996). The contradiction unresolved. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 19 (4), 595.
Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von (1775-1854) : Philosophe allemand. Disciple de Fichte.
 
 
 
 
 
Schéma : Schemata.
 
Types de schéma
Schèma cognitif Schèma de genre Schèma de soi
  Schéma ou réseau de concepts  
 
Schéma cognitif : Réseau intégré de connaissances, de croyances et d'attentes se rapportant à un sujet donné ou à un aspect particulier de l'univers. EX: La musique : les groupes que vous connaissez, les instruments dont vous jouez, les titres de chansons que vous préférez, les spectacles auxquels vous avez assisté forment dans votre esprit un réseau de connaissances intereliées. Schéma et réseaux cognitif. = schéma, représentation mentale, carte mentale ou cognitive, système de construits. Schemata, cognitive schema.
   
RUMELHART, D.E. (1980). Schemata : The building blocks of cognition. In R.J. Spiro, B. Bruce & W.F. Brewer (Eds.), Theoretical issues in reading and comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
BREWER. W.F. & TREYENS, J.C. (1981). Role of schemata in memory for places. Cognitive Psychology, 13 (2), 207-230.
ALBA, J.W. & HASHNER, L. (1983). Is memory schematic ? Psychological Bulletin, 93, 203-231.
NEWELL, K.M. & VAN EMMERIK, R.E.A. (1987). Can schema account for the generation of novel action patterns ? Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive, 7, 177-180.
SKITKA, L.J. (1990). Gender roles and the categorization of gender as a cognitive schema. Sex Roles, 22, 133-150.
BAYEN, U.J., NAKAMURA, G.V., DUPUIS, S.E. & YANG, C.-L. (2000). The use of schematic knowledge about sources in source monitoring. Memory & Cognition, 28, 480-500.
Schéma de genre : Voir Genre (Schéma).
Schéma de soi : Réseau intégré de connaissances, de croyances et d'attentes se rapportant à soi. = perception de soi, image de soi, représentation de soi. Self-schemata.
   
MARKUS, H.R. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 35, 63-78.
DANCE, K.S. & KUIPER, N.A. (1987). Self-schemata, social roles, and a self-worth contingency model of depression. Motivation & Emotion, 11 (3), 251-268.
Schème : Dans la théorie de Piaget, structure cognitive commune à un ensemble de conduites ou de représentations, et qui permet d'acquérir de nouvelles connaissances. Schème, coordination des schèmes et connaissance. Scheme.
 
Types de schème
Schème conceptuel Schème de succion Schème sensori-moteur
Schème de correspondance Schème moteur  
Schème de préhension Schème sensoriel  
 
 
   
VERGNAUD, G. (1985). Concepts et schèmes dans une théorie opératoire de la représentation. Concepts and schemes in a working theory of representation. Psychologie Française, 30, 245-252.
VERGNAUD, G. (1994). Le rôle de l'enseignant à la lumière des concepts de schème et de champ conceptuel. In M. Artigue (Dir.), Vingt ans de recherches en didactique. Hommage à Guy Brousseau et à Gérard Vergnaud. Grenoble : La Pensée Sauvage.
VERGNAUD, G. & RECOPE, M. (2000). De Revault d'Allonnes à une théorie du schème aujourd'hui. Psychologie Française, 45 (1), 35-50.
Schème conceptuel : Dans la théorie de Piaget, structure cognitive commune à un ensemble de représentations. = concept. Conceptual scheme.
   
BRAINERD, C.J. (1971). The development of the proportionality scheme in children and adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 5, 469-476.
DAVIDSON, D. (1973). On the very idea of a conceptual scheme. Proceedings & Addresses of the American Philosophical Association, 47 (4), 5-20.
STEFFE, L.P. (1983). Children's algorithms as schemes. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 14, 109-154.
STEFFE, L.P. (1992). Schemes of action and operation involving composite units. Learning & Individual Differences, 4 (3), 259-309.
STEFFE, L.P. (1994). Children's multiplying schemes. In G. Harel & J. Confrey (Eds.), The development of multiplicative reasoning in the learning of mathematics (pp. 3-39). New York : SUNY Press.
OLIVE, J. & STEFFE, L.P. (2002). The construction of an iterative fractional scheme : The case of Joe. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 20, 413-437.
STEFFE, L.P. (2003). The fractional composition, commensurate fractional, and the common partitioning schemes of Jason and Laura : Grade 5. Journal of Mathematical Behavior, 22, 237-295.

Voir aussi Présentation
Schème de correspondance :
   
NUNES, T., BRYANT, P.E., EVANS, D. & BELL, D. (2010). The scheme of correspondence and its role in children’s mathematics. British Journal of Educational Psycholog/Monograph Series II, 7, 83-99.
Schème de préhension : Dans la théorie de Piaget, structure cognitive commune à un ensemble de conduites qui requiert l'usage des doigts pour saisir les objets et, ce faisant, les connaître. EX: En saississant (schème) les cheveux de son père (objet), Maude apprend à en connaître les propriétés (soyeux, gras, etc.). = saisir. Grasping.
   
ROCHAT, P. (1987). Mouthing and grasping in neonates : Evidence for the early detection of what hard and soft substances afford for action. Infant Behavior & Development, 10, 435–449. [PDF]
ROCHAT, P. (1993). Hand–mouth coordination in the newborn : Morphology, determinants, and early development of a basic act. In G.J.P. Savelsbergh (Ed.), The development of coordination in infancy (pp. 265–288). Amsterdam : North Holland. [PDF]
Schème de succion : Dans la théorie de Piaget, structure cognitive commune à un ensemble de conduites qui requiert l'usage de la bouche pour saisir les objets en y exerçant une pression et, ce faisant, en connaître les propriétés. EX: En plaçant dans sa bouche (schème) un bloc légo (objet), Idir apprend à en connaître les propriétés (dure, angle, goût du plastique, etc.). Mouthing.
   
ROCHAT, P. (1983). Oral touch in young infants : Response to variations of nipple characteristics in the first months of life. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 6, 123-133. [PDF]
ROCHAT, P. (1987). Mouthing and grasping in neonates : Evidence for the early detection of what hard and soft substances afford for action. Infant Behavior & Development, 10, 435–449. [PDF]
ROCHAT, P., BLASS, E.M. & HOFFMEYER, L.B. (1988). Oropharyngeal control of hand-mouth coordination in newborn infants. Developmental Psychology, 24, 459-463. [PDF]
ROCHAT, P. (1993). Hand–mouth coordination in the newborn : Morphology, determinants, and early development of a basic act. In G.J.P. Savelsbergh (Ed.), The development of coordination in infancy (pp. 265–288). Amsterdam : North Holland. [PDF]

Voir aussi Piaget et Structure cognitive
Schème du toucher : Active touch.
   
ROCHAT, P. & SENDERS, S.J. (1991). Active touch in infancy : Action systems in development. In M.J. Weiss & P.R. Zelazo (Eds.), Infant attention : Biological contraints and the influence of experience (pp. 412-442). NJ : Ablex Publishers. [PDF]
ROCHAT, P. (1991). Activite tactile-orale chez le nouveau-né (Haptic-oral activity by young infants). In F. Jouen & A. Henocq (Eds.), Du nouveau-né au nourrisson : Recherche fondamentale et pediatrie (pp. 93-106). Presses Universitaires do France. [PDF]
Schème moteur : Dans la théorie de Piaget, structure cognitive commune à un ensemble de conduites qui requiert l'usage des muscles pour faire l'acquisition de connaissances. = shème d'action. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Schemes of action.
 
Types de schème moteur
Schème de préhension Schème de succion Schème de rotation de la tête
 
 


  STEFFE, L.P. (1992). Schemes of action and operation involving composite units. Learning & Individual Differences, 4 (3), 259-309.
Schème sensoriel : Dans la théorie de Piaget, structure cognitive commune à un ensemble de conduites qui requiert les sens pour pour faire l'acquisition de connaissances. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous.
 
Types de schème sensoriel
Schème auditif Schème du toucher Schème olfactif

Schème gustatif Schème visuel
 
 
   
Schème sensorimoteur : Expression utilisée par Piaget pour désigner l'ensemble des schèmes qui permettent aux enfants d'acquérir des connaissances entre 0 et 18 mois. Voir tableau schème sensoriel et moteur. Sensorimotor scheme.
   
BLASS, E.M., FILLION, T.J., ROCHAT, P., HOFFMEYER, L.B. & METZGER, M.A. (1989). Sensorimotor and motivational determinants of hand-mouthcoordination in 1-3 day old human infants. Developmental Psychology, 25, 963-975. [PDF]
 
Scherer/Schermer/Scherrer/
Khaus R. Sherer Julie Aitken Shermer Bruno Scherrer
 
Scherer Klaus Rainer (1943-) : Sociopsychologue suisse et spécialiste de l'étude des émotions, exprimée notament par le truchement de la voix et de la musique. Professeur de Hall. Collaborateur de Ekman, Ellsworth, Hess, Kappas, Rosenthal, Wallbott  et Zentner.
SCHERER, K.R., KOIVUMAKI, J. & ROSENTHAL, R. (1972). Minimal cues in the vocal communication of affect : Judging emotions from content-masked speech. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 1, 269-285.
SCHERER, K.R. (1986). Vocal affect expression : A review and a model for future research. Psychological Bulletin, 99, 143-165.
SCHERER, K.R. (1993). Neuroscience projections to current debates in emotion psychology. Cognition & Emotion, 7, 1-41.
SCHERER, K.R. & CESCHI, G. (2000). Criteria for emotion recognition from verbal and nonverbal expression : Studying baggage loss in the airport. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 327-339.
SCHERER, K.R. (2009). The dynamic architecture of emotion : Evidence for the component process model. Cognition & Emotion, 23 (7), 1307-1351.
Schermer Julie Aitken ( ) : Psychologue canadienne et spécialiste de l'étude de la personnalité. Collaboratrice de Martin, Olson, Petrides et Vernon. = Julie Aitken Harris.
HARRIS, J.A., VERNON, P.A. & JANG, K.L. (1995). A possible genetic basis of accuracy in personality perception. Personality & Individual Differences, 18 (6), 791-792.
SCHERMER, J.A. & VERNON, P.A. (2008). A behavior genetic analysis of vocational interests using a modified version of the Jackson vocational interest survey. Personality & Individual Differences, 45, 103-109.
SCHERMER, J.A. & MACDOUGALL, R. (2011). The Jackson career explorer in relation to the career directions inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 19, 442-451.
SCHERMER, J.A. (2012). The Jackson career explorer : Two further validity studies. Journal of Career Assessment, 20 (4), 507-519.
SCHERMER, J.A. MARTIN, R.A., MARTIN, N.G., LYNSKEY, M.T., RULL, T.J. & VERNON, P.A. (2015). Humor styles and borderline personality. Personality & Individual Differences, 87 (1), 158-161.
Scherrer Bruno ( ) : Biologiste et statisticien québécois d'origine suisse.
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
SCHERRER, B. (2009). Biostatistique/Volume 2. Montréal : Gaëtan Morin.
 
 
 
Schiefele Ulrich ( ) : Psychologue allemand et spécialiste de l'éducation. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'intérêt et à la motivation à l'école. Étudiant de Krapp.
SCHIEFELE, U. (1991). Interest, learning and motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26 (2/3), 299-323.
SCHIEFELE, U. & KRAPP, A. (1996). Topic interest and free recall of expository text. Learning & Individual Differences, 8, 141-160.
SCHIEFELE, U. (1999). Interest and learning from text. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3, 257-280.
SCHIEFELE, U., SCHAFFNER, E., MÜLLER, J. & WIGFIELD, A. (2012). Dimensions of reading motivation and their relation to reading behavior and competence. Reading Research Quarterly, 47, 427-463.
SCHIEFELE, U., STRBLOW, L. & RETELSDORF, J. (2013). Dimensions of teacher interest and their relations to occupational well-being and instructional practices. Journal of Educational Research Online, 5, 7-37.
Schimmenti Adriano ( ) : Psychologue italien spécialisé dans l'étude du jeu compulsif et de la dépendance aux jeux vidéo et à internet. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'impulsivité. Collaborateur de Billieux.
SCHIMMENTI, A. & CARETTI, V. (2010). Psychic retreats or psychic pits ? unbearable states of mind and technological addiction. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 27, 115-132.
SCHIMMENTI, A. (2012). Unveiling the hidden self : developmental trauma and pathological shame. Psychodynamic Practice, 18, 195-211.
SCHIMMENTI, A., GUGLIELMUCCI, F., BARBASIO, C. & GRANIERI, A. (2012). Attachment disorganization and dissociation in virtual worlds : A study on problematic internet use among players of online role playing games. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 9 (5), 195-202. [PDF]
SCHIMMENTI, A., CARETTI, V. & LA BARBERA, D. (2014). Internet gaming disorder or Internet addiction ? A plea for conceptual clarity. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 11, 145-146.
SCHIMMENTI, A., PASSANISI, A., GERVASI, A.M., MANZELLA, S. & FAMÀ, F.I. (2014). Insecure attachment attitudes in the onset of problematic Internet use among late adolescents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 45 (5), 588-595.
Schisme : Scission au sein d'un groupe à la suite d'un désaccord majeur sur le plan idéolologique ou théorique. Schism.
   
POLING, A., PICKER, M., GOSSETT, D., HALL-JOHNSON, E. & HOLBROOK, M. (1981). The schism between experimental and applied behavior analysis : Is itreal and who cares ? The Behavior Analyst, 4 (2), 93-102. [PDF]
Schizoïdie : Voir Trouble de la pesonnalité schizoïde. Schizoid personality, schizoid phenomena, schizotypy.
   
ISAACS, S.S. (1939). A special mechanism in a schizoid boy. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 20, 333-339. TRULL, T.J., WIDIGER, T.A. & FRANCES, A. (1987). Covariation of criteria sets for avoidant, schizoid, and dependent personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144 (6), 767-771.
KLEIN, M. (1946). Notes on some schizoid mechanisms. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 27, 99-110. [PDF] WOLFF, S. (1991). "Schizoid" personality in childhood and adult life : III. The childhood picture. British Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 629-635.
GUNTRIP, H. (1969). Schizoid phenomena, object relations, and the self. New York : International Universities Press. WOLFF, S. (1998). Schizoid personality in childhood : The links with Asperger syndrome, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and elective mutism. In E. Schopler & Z.B. Gary (Eds.), Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism ? Current issues in autism (pp. 123-138). New York : Plenum.

BATEY, M. & FURNHAM, A. (2008). The relationship between measures of creativity and schizotypy. Personality & Individual Differences, 45 (8), 816-821.
GOLDEN, R. & MEEHL P.E. (1979). Detection of the schizoid taxon with MMPI indicators. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 217-233. RAINE, A. FUNG A.L. & LAM, B.Y.H. (2011). Peer victimization partially mediates the schizotypy - aggression relationship in children and adolescents. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 937-945. [PDF]
SIEVER L. J. & KENDLER, K.S. (1987). Schizoid/schizotypal/paranoid personality disorders. In J.O. Cavenar (Ed.), Psychiatry. New York : Basic Books. MOORE, J.W., DICKINSON, A. & FLETCHER, P.C. (2011). Sense of agency, associative learning, and schizotypy. Journal : Consciousness & Cognition, 20 (3), 792-800. [PDF]
Schizophrenia Bulletin : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de de la schizophrénie. Éditeur : Oxford Journals. = Schizophr Bul.
KUMRA, S., OBERSTAR, J.V., SIKICH, L., FINDLING, R.L., MCCLELLAN, J.M., VINOGRADOV, S. & SCHULZ, C.S. (2008). Efficacy and tolerability of second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34 (1), 60-71. [PDF]
 
Schizophrenia Research : Revue scientifique qui se consacre à l'étude de de la schizophrénie Éditeur : Elsevier. = Schizophr Res.
MINTZ, A.R., DOBSON, K.S. & ROMMEY, D.M. (2003). Insight in schizophrenia : A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 61 (1), 75-88.
 
Schizophrénie : Du grec schizein qui signifie "divisé ou coupé" et phrenia qui signifie "pensée". Trouble mental d'abord décrit par Morel. Pour Bleuler, la schizophrénie se caractérise par trois symptômes : la dissociation, le délire paranoïde et l’autisme. La mégalomanie l'alogie et les hallucinations auditives sont également des symptômes que l'on observe fréquemment chez les schizophrènes. Pathologie répertoriée par le DSM-IV. On attribue à De Sanctis (1906) la description du premier cas de schizophrénie infantile. Selon certaines hypothèses, cette maladie serait le résultat d'un excès de dopamine. ( ): schizophrénie catatonique, schizophrénie hébéphrénique. Schizophrenia, adult schizophrenia, syndromes of schizophrenia.
 
Symptômes caractéristiques
Hallucination visuelle Comportement répétitif (échopraxie)
Hallucination auditive Comportement désorganisé
Discours désorganisé Froideur émotionnelle
Délire Perte de volonté
 
 
Schizophrénie
Types de schizophrénie Autres
Schizoïdie Schizophrénie infantile Mesure et évaluation de la schizophrénie
Schizophrénie catatonique Schizophrénie induite par les drogues (cannabis) Prévention de la schizophrénie
Schizophrénie hébéphrénique Schizophrénie paranoïaque Traitement de la schizophrénie
 
   
SULLIVAN, H.S. (1924). Schizophrenia : its conservative and malignant features. American Journal of Psychiatry, 81, 77-91. McMANUS, I.C. (1997). Autism and schizophrenia are not due to a single genetic locus. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, 2, 226-230. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Neuroleptique, Trouble mental et Symptôme positif et négatif
 
Schizophrénie (Mesure et évaluation de la.) : Ensemble des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer la schizophrénie. Measurement of schizophrenia, rating scales in schizophrenia.
   
ROBINS, E. & GUZE, S.B. (1970). Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 126 (7), 983-987.
MAURER, K. & HAFNER, H. (1995). Methodological aspects of onset assessment in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 15 (3), 265-276.
WHITE, L., HARVEY, P.D. OPLER, L. & LINDENMAYER, J.P (1997). Empirical assessment of the factorial structure of clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. A multisite, multimodel evaluation of the factorial structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. The PANSS Study Group. Psychopathology, 30, 263-274.
LADER, M.H. (2000). Rating scales in schizophrenia. A review of their usefulness for assessing atypical antipsychotics. CNS Drugs, 14, 23-32.
LIDDLE, P.F., NGAN, E.T.N., DUFFIELD, G., KHO, K. & WARREN, A.J. (2002). The signs and symptoms of psychotic illness : a rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 45-50. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Schziophrénie
Schizophrénie (Prévention) : Ensemble des moyens visant à prévenir la schizophrénie. Prevention of schizophrenia.
   
SCHOOLER, N.R. (2005). Relapse prevention and recovery in the treatment of schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 19-23.
READ, J. (2010). Can poverty drive you mad ? Schizophrenia, socio-economic status and the case for pimary prevention. New Zealand Journal of Psychology 39 (2), 7-19.
BROWN, A.S. & McGRATH, J.J. (2011). The prevention of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 37, 257-261. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Schziophrénie
Schizophrénie (Traitements/Thérapies) : Ensemble des médicaments et des thérapies pour soigner les schizophrènes. Treatment of schizophrenia.
   
FROMM-REICHMANN, F. (1948). Notes on the development of treatment of schizophrenics by psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Psychiatry, 11, 263-273. ZANDER, K.J., FISCHER, B., ZIMMER, R. & ACKENHEIL, M. (1981). Long-term neuroleptic treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients : Clinical and biochemical effects of withdrawal. Psychopharmacology, 73 (1), 43-47.
SHEPARD, M. & WATT, D.C. (1956). A controlled clinical study of chlorpromazine and reserpine in chronic schizophrenina. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 19, 232-235. [PDF] + [PDF]
SIMMONS, J. & LOVAAS, O.I. (1969). Use of pain and punishment as treatment techniques with childhood schizophrenics. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 23, 23-36. CARPENTER, W.T. (1986). Early targeted psychotherapeutic intervention in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 23-29.
LIBERMAN, R.P., TEIGEN, J., PATTERSON, R. & BAKER, V. (1973). Reducing delusional speech in chronic, paranoid schizophrenics. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6 (1), 57-64. [PDF] WYATT, R.J. (1991). Neuroleptics and the natural course of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17, 325-351.
MOSHER, L.R., MENN, A.Z. (1974). Soteria : An alternative to hospitalization for schizophrenia. In J.H. Masserman (Ed.), Current psychiatric therapies (Vol. 14, pp. 287- 296). New York : Grune and Stratton. MOSHER, L.R. (1991). Soteria : A therapeutic community for psychotic persons. International Journal of Therapeutic Communities, 12, 53-67.
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MOSHER, L.R., MENN, A.Z. & MATTHEWS, S.M. (1975). Soteria : Evaluation of a home-based treatment for schizophrenia. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 45 (3), 455-467. MOSHER, L.R., VALLONE, R. & MENN, A. (1995). The treatment of acute psychosis without neuroleptics : six-week psychopathology outcome data from the soteria project. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 41 (3), 157-167. [PDF]
CARPENTER, W.T. (1977). The treatment of acute schizophrenia without drugs. American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 14-20. KANE, J.M. (1996). Drug therapy. Schizophrenia. New England Journal of Medicine, 334, 34-41.
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KUIPERS, E., GARETY, P., FOWLER, D., DUNN, G., BEBBINGTON, P., FREEMAN, D. & HADLEY, C. (1997). London East-Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive- behavioural therapy for psychosis. I : Effects of the treatment phase. British Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 319-327.
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JOHNSTONE, E.C., CROW, T.J., FRITH, C.D., CARNEY, M.W.P. & PRICE, J.S. (1978). Mechanism of the antipsychotic effect in the treatment of acute schizophrenia. Lancet, 311 (8069), 848-851. KUIPERS, E., FOWLER, D., GARETY, P., CHILSOM, D., DUNN, G., FREEMAN, D., BEBBINGTON, P. & HADLEY, C. (1997). London-east Anglia randomised controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy for psychosis. III : Follow-up and economic evaluation at 18 months. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 61-68.
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  img src="../images/bullet.gif" alt="" width="13" border="0" align="absmiddle" height="13"> CALTON, T., FERRITER, M., HUBAND, N. & SPANDLER, H. (2008). A systematic review of the Soteria paradigm for the treatment of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34 (1), 181-192. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Schziophrénie
Schizophrénie catatonique : Forme de schizophrénie, souvent considérée comme la forme la plus grave, dont les principaux symptômes sont le négativisme (refus d'établir un contact visuel, mutisme, etc.), la passivité et la présence de troubles moteurs dit catatonique (perte ou manque d'initiative motrice, raideur généralisée, attitude figée et, dans certains cas, une catalepsie). Kahlbaum fut en 1874 le premier psychiatre à décrire cette forme de maladie mentale. = catatonie. Catatonic schizophrenia.
   
MEEHL, P.E. (1947). Schizophrenia, catatonic form. In A.H. Burton & R.E. Harris (Eds.), Case histories in clinical and abnormal psychology (pp. 71-83). New York : Harper.
CHANDRASENA, R. (1986). Catatonic schizophrenia : an international comparative study. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 31 (3), 249-252.

Voir aussi Catatonie et Schziophrénie
Schizophrénie hébéphrénique : Forme de schizophrénie dans laquelle prédomine la dissociation, survenant principalement chez les adolescents au moment de la puberté. Ses débuts sont insidieux et peuvent donc se confondre avec la crise de l'adolescence. Le délire est peu organisé et centré sur des thèmes hypocondriaques. Hebephrenic schizophrenic.
   
BRILL, N.Q. & GLASS, J.F. (1965). Hebephrenic schizophrenic reactions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 12 (6), 545-551.

Voir aussi Schziophrénie
Schizophrénie infantile : Par opposition à la schizopphrénie adulte, schizopphrénie qui afflige les moins de 18 ans. On attribue à De Sanctis (1906) la description du premier cas de schizophrénie infantile. Childhood and adolescent schizophrenia.
   
RUTTER M. (1972). Childhood schizophrenia reconsidered. Journal of Autism & Development Disorders, 2, 315-337. WERRY, J.S., MC CLELLAN, J.M. & CHARD, L. (1991). Childhood and adolescent schizophrenia, bipolar and schizoaffective disorders : a clinical and outcome study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 457-465.
BENDER, L. & FARETRA, G. (1972). The Relationship between childhood schizophrenia and adult schizophrenia. In T. Kaplan (Ed.), Genetic factors in schizophrenia (pp. 28-64). Springfield : Thomas. GREEN, W., PADRON-GAYOL, M., HARDESTY, A. & BASSIRI, M. (1992). Schizophrenia with childhood onset : a phenomenological study of 38 cases. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 968-976.
GARMEZY, N. (1974). Child at risk : the search for the antecedents of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 8, 13-90.  
HANSON, D.R., GOTTESMAN, I.I. & MEEHL, P.E. (1977). Genetic theories and the validation of psychiatric diagnoses : Implications for the study of children of schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86, 575-588. BLANZ, B., SCHMIDT, M.H., DETZNER, U. & LAY, B. (1994). Is there a sex-specific difference in onset age of schizophrenia that started before age 18 ? European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 3, 267-276.
KYDD, R.R. & WERRY, J.S. (1982). Schizophrenia in children under 16 year. Journal of Autism & Development Disorders, 12, 343-357. WATKINS, J.M., ASARNOW, R.F. & TANGUAY P. (1998). Symptom development in childhood onset schizophrenia. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 29, 865-878.
ASARNOW, R.F., SHERMAN, T. & VAN PUTTEN, T. (1984). Studies of visual information processing in schizophrenic children. Child Development, 55, 249-261.  

Voir aussi Schziophrénie
Schizophrénie paranoïaque : Schziophrénie et personnalité paranoïaque. Paranoid schizophrenia.
   
CAZAVELAN, J. & EPSTEIN, S. (1966). Daydreams of female paranoid schizophrenics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1, 27-32.
WEIDNER, F. (1970). In vivo desensitization of a paranoid schizophrenic. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experiential Psychiatry, 1, 79-81.
THACORE, V.R. & SHUKLA, S. (1976). Cannabis psychosis and paranoid schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 383-386.
PITMAN, R.K., KOLB, B., ORR, S.P. & SINGH, M.M. (1987). Ethological study of facial behavior in nonparanoid and paranoid schizophrenics. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 99-102.
KRIECKHAUS, E.E., DONAHOE, J.W. & MORGAN, M.A. (1992). Paranoid schizophrenia may be caused by dopamine hyperactivity of CAl hippocampus. Biological Psychiatry, 31, 560-570.
 
Voir aussi Schziophrénie, Délire et Personnalité paranoïaque
 
Schizotypie : Schizotypal : Schizotypy, schizotypal personality disorder.
   
KENDLER, K.S., OCHS, A.L., GORMAN, A.M., HEWITT, J.K., ROSS, D.E. & MIRSKY, A.F. (1991). The structure of schizotypy : A pilot multitrait twin study. Psychiatry Research, 36 19-36. O'REILLY, T., DUNBAR, R. & BENTALL, R. (2001). Schizotypy and creativity : an evolutionary connection ? Personality & Individual Differences, 31, 1067-1078.
RAINE, A, REYNOLDS, C., LENCZ, T., SCERBO, A., TRIPHON, N. & KIM, D. (1994). Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20 (1), 191-201. [PDF] GENOVESE, J.E.C. (2005). Paranormal beliefs, schizotypy, and thinking styles among teachers and future teachers. Personality & Individual Differences, 39, 93-102.
RICHARDSON, A.J. & GRUZELIER, J. (1994). Visual processing, lateralization and syndromes of schizotypy. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 18, 227-239. KERNS, J.G. & BECKER, T.M. (2008). Communication disturbances, working memory, and emotion in people with elevated disorganized schizotoypy. Schizophrenia Research, 100, (1-3), 172-180. [PDF]
RAINE, A. & BENISHAY, D. (1995). The SPQ-B: A brief screening instrument for schizotypal personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9, 346-355. DARWIN, H., NEAVE, N. & HOLMES, J. (2011). Belief in conspiracy theories : the role of paranormal belief, paranoid ideation and schizotypy. Personality & Individual Differences, 50 (8), 1289-1293 [PDF]
DAY, S. & PETERS, E. (1999). The incidence of schizotypy in new religious movements. Personality & Individual Differences, 27, 109-121. FONSECA-PEDRERO, E., PAINO, M., LEMOS-GIRÀLDEZ, S. & MUNIZ, J. (2011). Schizotypal traits and depressive symptoms in nonclinical adolescents. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52 (3), 293-300. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Schizophrénie
Schleiden Matthias Jakob (Hamburg 1804-1881 Frankfurt) : Biologiste et botaniste allemand. Ses travaux sur la cellule ont contribué au développement de la première théorie cellulaire. Étudiant de Muller.
SCHLEIDEN, M.J. 1942/43). Grundzüge der Wissenschaftlichen Botanik/Principes de botanique scientifique. Leipzig : Wilhelm Engelmann.
CHARPA, U. (2003). Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881) : The history of Jewish interest in science and the methodology of microscopic botany. Aleph, 3, 213-245.
MENDELSON, W.B. (2024). From despair to discovery : The botanical odyssey of Matthias Jakob Schleiden and the dawn of cell theory. Pythagoras Press.
Schlick Moritz (Berlin 1882-1936 Vienne) : Philosophe et épistémologue autrichien. Partisan du positivisme logique. Il est aussi l'un des fondateurs Cercle de Vienne. Professeur de Bertalanffy.
SCHLICK, M. (1918). General theory of knowledge. New York : Springle-Verlag.
SCHLICK, M. (1935). De la relation des notions psychologiques et des notions physiques. Revue de Synthese, 10, 5-26.
SCHLICK, M. (1935). Facts and propositions. Analysis, 2, 65-70.
SCHLICK, M. (1936). Meaning and verification. Philosophical Review, 45, 339-369. [PDF]
SCHLICK, M. (1937). L'École de Vienne et la philosophie traditionnelle. Dans L'unité de la science : la méthode et les méthodes (pp. 99-107). Paris : Heinman & Cie.
 NEUBER, M. (2012). Helmholtz's theory of space and its significance for Schlick. British Journal for the History of Philosophy 20 (1), 163-180. [PDF]
Schlinger Hank D. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain. Collaborateur de Baron.
SCHLINGER, H.D. & BLAKELY, E. (1987). Function-altering effects of contingency-specifying stimuli. The Behavior Analyst, 10 (1), 41-45. [PDF]
SCHLINGER, H.D. & BLAKELY, E., FILHARD, J. & POLING, A. (1991). Defining terms in behavior analysis : Reinforcer and discriminative stimulus. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 9, 153-161. [PDF]
SCHLINGER, H.D. (1992). Intelligence : Real or artificial ? The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 10, 125-133. [PDF]
SCHLINGER, H.D. & BLAKELY, E. (1994). The effects of delayed reinforcement and a response-produced auditory stimulus on the acquisition of operant behavior in rats. The Psychological Record, 391-409. [PDF]
SCHLINGER, H.D. (2008). Conditioning the behavior of the listener. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 9 (3), 309-322. [PDF]
Schlosberg Harold H. (1904-1964) : Psychologue américain. Ses travaux ont notamment porté sur les émotions. Étudiant de Holt et professeur de Laties et Solomon. Collaborateur de Carmichael et Woodworth.
CARMICHAEL, L. & SCHLOSBERG, H. (1931). A simple apparatus for the conditioned reflex. American Journal of Psychology, 43, 120-122.
SCHLOSBERG, H. (1937). The relationship between success and the laws of conditioning. Psychological Review, 44, 379-394.
SCHLOSBERG, H. (1941). Stereoscopic depth from single picturesm. American Journal of Psychology 54, 601-605.
SCHLOSBERG, H. (1952). The description of facial expressions in terms of two dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44 (4), 229-237.
SCHLOSBERG, H. (1954). Three dimensions of emotion. Psychological Review, 61, 81-88.
CHURCH, R.M. (2000). Harold Schlosberg. In A.E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology. American Psychological Association and Oxford University Press.
Schlottmann Anne ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine, d'origine anglaise, et spécialiste de l'étude du développement, notamment de la perception de la causalité. Collaboratrice de Anderson.
SCHLOTTMANN, A. & SHANKS, D. (1992). Evidence for a distance between judged and perceived causality. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 321-342.
SCHLOTTMANN, A. & ANDERSON, N.H. (1993). An information integration approach to phenomenal causality. Memory & Cognition, 21, 785-801. [PDF]
SCHLOTTMANN, A. (1999). Seeing it happen and knowing how it works : How children understand the relation between perceptual causality and underlying mechanism. Developmental Psychology, 35, 303-317.
SCHLOTTMANN, A. (2000). Is perception of causality modular ? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4, 441-442.
SCHLOTTMANN, A. RAY, E., MITCHELL, A. & DEMETRIOU, N. (2006). Perceived social and physical causality in animated motions : Spontaneous reports and ratings. Acta Psychologica, 123, 112-143.
Schlund Michael W. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain. Collaborateur de Cataldo et Pace.
SCHLUND, M.V. (2002). Effects of acquired brain injury on adaptive choice and the role of reduced sensitivity to contingencies. Brain Injury, 16, 527–535.
SCHLUND, M.V. & CATALDO, M.F. (2005). Integrating functional neuroimaging and human operant research: brain activation correlated with presentation of discriminative stimuli. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 84 (3), 505-519. [PDF]
SCHLUND, M.V., HOEHN-SARIC, R. & CATALDO, M.F. (2007). New knowledge derived from learned knowledge : functional-anatomic correlates of stimulus equivalence. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 87 (3), 505-519. [PDF]
SCHLUND, M.V. & CATALDO, M.F. (2007). Occipitoparietal contributions to recognition memory : stimulus encoding prompted by verbal instructions and operant contingencies. Behavioral & Brain Functions, 3  [44], 1-11. [PDF]
SCHLUND, M.V. & CATALDO, M.F. (2010). Amygdala involvement in human avoidance, escape and approach behavior. Neuroimage, 53 (2), 769-776.
Schlup Barbara ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-behavioriste, d'origine suisse, spécialisée dans l'étude des troubles alimentaires, notamment de l'hyperphagie. Collaboratrice de Munsch.
SCHLUP, B. & WAGNER, H.H. (2008). Effects of study design and analysis on the spatial community structure detected by multiscale ordination. Journal of Vegetation Science, 19, 621-632. [PDF]
SCHLUP, B., MUNSCH, S., MEYER, A.H., MARGRAF, J. & WILHELM, F.H. (2009). The efficacy of a short version of a cognitive-behavioral treatment followed by booster sessions for binge eating disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 47 (7), 628-635. [PDF]
SCHLUP, B., MEYER, A.H. & MUNSCH, S. (2010). A non-randomized direct comparison of cognitive-behavioral short- and long-term treatment for binge eating disorder. Obesity Facts, 3 (4), 261-266.
SCHLUP, B., FARRELL, L. & BARRETT, P. (2009). Mother-Child Interactions and Childhood OCD: Effects of CBT on mother and child observed behaviors. Journal Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 33 (4), 322-336.
FISCHER, S., MEYER, A.H., DREMMEL, D., SCHLUP, B. & MUNSCH, S. (2014). Short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder : Long-term efficacy and predictors of long-term treatment success. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 58, 36-42. [PDF]
Schmader Toni ( ) : Psychosociologue canadienne spécialisée dans l'étude des stéréotypes et de la menace des stéréoypes. Collaboratrice de Sedikides.
SCHMADER, T. & MAJOR, B. (1999). The impact of ingroup vs. outgroup performance on personal values. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 47-67.
SCHMADER, T. (2002). Gender identification moderates the effects of stereotype threat on women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 194-201.
SCHMADER, T. & JOHNS, M. (2003). Converging evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85 (3), 440-452.
SCHMADER, T., JOHNS, M. & FORBES, C. (2008). An integrated process model of stereotype threat effects on performance. Psychological Review, 115 (2), 336-356.
SCHMADER, T. & SEDIKIDES, C. (2018). State authenticity as fit to environment : The implications of social identity for fit, authenticity, and self-segregation. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 22 (3), 228-259.
Schmajuk Nestor A. (Agentine 1948-) : Neurocognitiviste américain, d'origine argentine, spécialisé dans l'étude des mécanismes biologiques et cognitifs de l'apprentissage et de l'inhibition latente. Professeur de Voicu et collaborateur de Grossberg, Holland et Zanutto.
SCHMAJUK, N.A. & DI CARLO, J.J. (1992). Stimulus configuration, classical conditioning, and hippocampal function. Psychological Review, 9 (2), 268-305. [PDF]
SCHMAJUK, N.A. & ZANUTTO, B.S. (1997). Escape, avoidance, and imitation : a neural network approach. Adaptive Behavior, 6 (1), 63-129.
SCHMAJUK, N.A., LAMOUREUX, J. & HOLLAND, P.C. (1998). Occasion setting and stimulus configuration : A neural network approach. Psychological Review, 105, 3-32.
SCHMAJUK, N.A., URRY, D. & ZANUTTO, B.S. (1998). The frightening complexity of avoidance : A neural network approach. In C. Wynne & J. Staddon (Eds.), Models of action : Mechanisms for adaptive behavior. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
SCHMAJUK, N.A. & KUTLU, G.M. (2009). The computational nature of associative learning. Behavioral Brain Science, 32, 223-224.
Schmideberg Melitta (Rosenberg 1904-1983) : Psychanalyste anglaise. Analysée par Horney.
SCHMIDEBERG, M. (1931). The role of psychotic mechanisms in cultural development. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 12, 387-418.
SCHMIDEBERG, M. (1931). A contribution to the psychology of persecutory ideas and delusions. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 12, 331-367.
SCHMIDEBERG, M. (1933). Some unconscious mechanisms in pathological sexuality and their relation to normal sexuality. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 14, 225-260.
SCHMIDEBERG, M. (1935). Bad habits in childhood. Their importance in development. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 14, 455-461.
SCHMIDEBERG, M. (1938). Intellectual inhibition and disturbances in eating. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 19, 17-22.
Schmidt
Frank L. Schmidt James R. Schmidt Richard Allen Schmidt

Schmidt Frank Leo (Jeffersontown 1944-2021) : Psychologue organisationel et industriel, spécialisé dans l'étude des techniques de sélection du personnel et de l'efficacité au travail. Il est un des signataires du Groupe des 52. Collaborateur de Hunter.
SCHMIDT, F.L. & HUNTER, J.E. (1977). Development of a general solution to the problem of validity generalization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65 (5), 529-540.
SCHMIDT, F.L. & HUNTER, J.E. McKENZIE, R.C. & MULDROW, T.W. (1979). Impact of valid selection procedures on work-force productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology 64 (6), 609-626.
SCHMIDT, F.L. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology : Implications for training. Psychological Methods, 1 (2), 115-129.
SCHMIDT, F.L. & HUNTER, J.E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology : Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124 (2), 262–274.
SCHMIDT, F.L. & HUNTER, J.E. (2005). General mental ability in the world of work : occupational attainment and job performance. Journal of personality & Social Psychology, 86 (1), 162-173.
JONES, D.S. (2023). Frank L. Schmidt (1944–2021). American Psychologist, 78 (5), 7.
Schmidt James R. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine belge, et spécialiste de l'étude de l'oubli. Il s'intéresse également à l'effet Stroop. Collaborateur de Besner et De Houwer.
SCHMIDT, R.A., CRUMP, M.J.C., CHEESMAN, J. & BESNER, D. (2007). Contingency learning without awareness : Evidence for implicit control. Consciousness & Cognition, 16, 421-435.
SCHMIDT, R.A. & BESNER, D. (2008). The Stroop effect : Why proportion congruent has nothing to do with congruency and everything to do with contingency. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 34, 514-523.
SCHMIDT, R.A. & DE HOUWER, J. (2012). Adding the goal to learn strengthens learning in an unintentional learning task. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 723-728.
SCHMIDT, R.A. & WEISSMAN, D.H. (2016). Congruency sequence effects and previous response times : Conflict adaptation or temporal learning. Psychological Research, 80, 590-607.
SCHMIDT, R.A. (2016). Context-specific proportion congruency effects : An episodic learning account and computational model. Frontiers in Psychology, 7 [1806], 1-11. [PDF]
Schmidt Richard Allen (Evanston 1941-2015 Los Angeles) : Psychologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des habiletés motrices. Il s'intéresse notamment aux effets de l'échauffement (warm-up). Collaborateur de Björk et Wulf.
SCHMIDT, R.A. & NACSON, J. (1971). Further tests of the activity-set hypothesis for warm-up decrement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 90, 56-64.
SCHMIDT, R.A. & WRISBERG, C.A. (1971). The activity-set hypothesis for warm-up decrement in a movement' speed task. Journal of Motor Behavior, 3, 318-325.
SCHMIDT, R.A. (1975). A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. Psychological Review, 82, 225-260.
SCHMIDT, R.A., ZELAZNICK, H.N., HAWKINS, B., FRANK, J.S. & QUINN J.T. (1979). Motor-output variability : A theory for the accuracy of rapid motor acts. Psychological Review, 86, 415-451.
SCHMIDT, R.A. (2003). Motor schema theory after 27 years : Reflections and implications for a new theory. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 74 (4), 366-375. [PDF]
WRISBERG, C.A. & AGSDALE, M.R. (1979). Further tests of Schmidt's schema theory : developmentof a schemarule for a coincident timing task. Journal of Motor Behavior, 11, 159-166.
Schnaitter Roger ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain. Collaborateur de Marr, Moore et Wassermann.
SCHNAITTER, R. (1975). Between organism and environment. A review of B.F. Skinner's about behaviorism. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23 (2), 297-307. [PDF]
SCHNAITTER, R. (1978). Private causes. Behaviorism, 6 (1), 1-12.
SCHNAITTER, R. (1984). Skinner on the "mental" and the "physical". Behaviorism, 12 (1), 1-14.
SCHNAITTER, R. (1985). The haunted clockwork : Reflections on Gilbert Ryle's the concept of mind. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43 (1), 145-153. [PDF]
SCHNAITTER, R. (1987). Behaviorism is not cognitive and cognitivism is not behavioral. Behaviorism, 15 (1), 1-11. [PDF]
Schneider
Darryl W. Schneider Michael Schneider  Susan L. Schneider
Kirk J. Schneider  Susan M. Schneider Wolfgang Schneider
 
Schneider Darryl W. (Edmonton-) Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine canadienne, et spécialiste de. Collaborateur de Anderson, Logan et Verbruggen.
SCHNEIDER, D.W. & LOGAN, G.D. (2006). Priming cue encoding by manipulating transition frequency in explicitly cued task switching. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 145-151. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, D.W. & VERBRUGGEN, F. (2008). Inhibition of irrelevant category-response mappings. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 1629-1640. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, D.W. & ANDERSON, J.R. (2011). A memory-based model of Hick’s Law. Cognitive Psychology, 62 (3), 193–-222. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, D.W. (2019). On the role of attention in working memory for response selection in task switching. Journal of Cognition, 2 (1), 34, 1-4. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, D.W. (2020). Alertness and cognitive control : Interactions in the spatial Stroop task. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 2257-2270. [PDF]
Schneider Kirk J. (1956-) : Psychologue existentialiste anglais et spécialiste de la thérapie existentielle. Collaborateur de Bugental et May.
SCHNEIDER, K.J. & MAY, R. (1990). The psychology of existence : An integrative, clinical perspective. New York : McGraw-Hill.
SCHNEIDER, K.J., BUGENTAL, J.F.T. & PIERSON, J.F. (Eds.) (2001). The handbook of humanistic psychology : Leading edges in theory, research, and practice. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
SCHNEIDER, K.J. (2008). Existential-integrative psychotherapy : Guideposts to the core of practice. New York : Routledge.
SCHNEIDER, K.J. (2009). Awakening to awe : Personal stories of profound transformation. Lanham, MD : Jason Aronson.
SCHNEIDER, K.J. & KRUG, O.T. (2010). Existential-humanistic therapy. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association Press.
Schneider Michael ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine allemande, et spécialiste de l'éducation, notamment de l'enseignement des mathématiques. Collaborateur de Grabner et Stern.
SCHNEIDER, M. & STERN, E. (2009). The inverse relation of addition and subtraction : a knowledge integration perspective. Mathematical Thinking & Learning, 11, 92-101.
SCHNEIDER, M. GRABNER, R. & PAETSCH, J. (2009). Mental number line, number line estimation, and mathematical achievement : their interrelations in Grades 5 and 6. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101, 359-372.
SCHNEIDER, M. & STERN, E.E. (2010). The developmental relations between conceptual and procedural knowledge : a multimethod approach. Developmental Psychology, 46, 178-192.
SCHNEIDER, M. et STERN, E. (2010). L'apprentissage dans une perspective cognitive. In H. Dumont, D. Istanc et F. Benavides (Eds.), Comment apprend-on ? La recherche au service de la pratique (pp. 73-95). Paris : Éditions OCDE. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, M. RITTLE-JOHNSON, B. & STAR, J.R. (2011). Relations between conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge, and procedural flexibility in two samples differing in prior knowledge. Developmental Psychology, 47 (6), 1525-1538.
Schneider Susan Lynn (1968-) : Philosophe américaine, sécialisée dans l'étude de l'intelligence artificielle.
SCHNEIDER, S.L. (2009). Science fiction and philosophy. Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell.
SCHNEIDER, S.L. (2010). Why property dualists must reject substance physicalis. Philosophical Studies, 157 (1), 61-76. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.L. (2011). Non-reductive physicalism cannot accept token identity. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 85 (3), 219-228. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.L. (2011). Why property dualists must reject substance physicalism. Philosophical Studies, 157, 61-76. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.L. (2019). Artificial you : AI and the future of your mind. Princeton University Press.
Schneider Susan M. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des fondements biogénétiques de l'apprentissage, notamment chez la caille. Collaboratrice de Morris et Todd.
SCHNEIDER, S.M. & MORRIS, E.K. (1987). A history of the term radical The Behaviorism : From Watson to Skinner. The Behavior Analyst, 10, 27-39. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.M. & MORRIS, E.K. (1992). Sequences of spaced responses : Behavioral units and the role of contiguity. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 58 (3), 537-555. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.M. (2003). Evolution, behavior principles, and developmental systems : A review of Gottlieb's Synthesizing; nature-nurture : Prenatal roots of instinctive behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 79 (1), 137-152. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.M. & LICKLITER, R. (2010). Choice in the quail neonate : The origins of generalized matching. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 9, (3), 315-326. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, S.M. (2011). The bigger picture : Development, genes, evolution, and behavior analysis. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 11, 27-30. [PDF]
Schneider Wolgang (Völklingen 1950-) : Psychologue connexioniste, d'origine allemande, spécialisé dans l'étude de la mémoire. Collaborateur de Gruber, Koriat et Shiffrin.
SCHNEIDER, W. & SHIFFRIN, R.M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing : I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84 (1), 1-66. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, W. & DETWEILER, M. (1987). A connectionist/control architecture for working memory. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 21, pp. 53-119). New York : Academic.
SCHNEIDER, W. (1987). Connectionism : Is it a paradigm shift for psychology ? Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 19, 73-83. [PDF]
SCHNEIDER, W., NIKLAS, F. & SCHMIEDELER, S. (2014). Intellectual development from early childhood to early adulthood. Learning & Individual Differences, 32, 156-162.
SCHNEIDER, W. & ORNSTEIN, P.A. (2015). The development of children’s memory. Child Development Perspectives, 9, 190-195.
Schneirla Theodore Christian (Bay City 1902-1968 New York) : Psychobiologue et éthologiste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des fourmis. Professeur de Tobach. Collaborateur de Greenberg, Maier et Partridge.

SCHNEIRLA, T.C. (1929). Learning and orientation in ants. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press.
SCHNEIRLA, T.C. (1935). A theory of army-ant behavior based upon the analysis of activities in a representative species. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 25, 51-90.
SCHNEIRLA, T.C. (1944). The reproductive functions of army-ant queen as pace-makers of the group behavior pattern. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 52 (2), 153-192.
SCHNEIRLA, T.C. (1944). A unique case of circular milling in ants, considered in relation to trail following and the general problem of orientation. American Museum Novitates, 1253, 1-26. [PDF]
SCHNEIRLA, T.C. & BROWN, R.Z. (1949). Army-ant life and behavior under dry-season conditions. American Museum of Natural History.
TOBACH, E. (1981). Theodore C. Schneirla : 1902-1968. The American Journal of Psychology, 94 (2), 355-357
DEWSBURY, D.A. (1998). The Chicago Five : A family group of integrative psychobiologists. History of Psychology, 5 (1), 16-37
TOBACH, E. (2000). T.C. Schneirla : Pioneer in field and laboratory research. In G.A. Kimble & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Portraits of pioneers in psychology (Vol 4, pp. 215-233). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
Schnelle John F. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude des milieux policier et médical. Collaborateur de Hurwitz et Risley.
SCHNELLE, J.F. & LEE, J.F. (1974). A quasi-experimental retrospective evaluation of a prison policy change. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8 (3), 483-494. [PDF]
SCHNELLE, J.F., KIRCHNER, R.E., McNEES, D. & LAWLER, J.M. (1975). Social evaluation research : the evaluation of two police patrolling strategies. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8 (4), 353-365. [PDF]
SCHNELLE, J.F., KIRCHNER, R.E., CASEY, J.D., USELTON, P.H. & McNEES, D. (1977). Patrol evaluation research : a multiple-baseline analysis of saturation police patrolling during day and night hours. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10 (1), 33-40. [PDF]
SCHNELLE, J.F., KIRCHNER, R.E., MACRAE, J.W., McNEES, M.P., ECK, R.H., SNODGRASS, S., CASEY, J.D. & USELTON, P.H. (1978). Police evaluation research : an experimental and cost-benefit analysis of a helicopter patrol in a high crime area. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11 (1), 11-21. [PDF]
SCHNELLE, J.F., SIMMONS, S.F., HARRINGTON, C., CADOGAN, M. GARCIA, E. & BATES-JENSEN, B.M. (2004). Relationship of nursing home staffing to quality o care. Health Services Research, 39 (2), 225-250. [PDF]
Schoenfeld
Alan H. Schoenfeld William Nathan Schoenfeld
 
Schoenfeld Alan Henry (New York 1946-) : Mathématicien américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la résolution de problème et de l'enseignement des mathématiques.
SCHOENFELD, A.H. (1985). Mathematical problem solving. New York : Academic Press.
SCHOENFELD, A.H. (1987). Cognitive science and mathematics education. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum Assoc.
SCHOENFELD, A.H. (Ed.) (1994). Mathematical thinking and problem solving. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
SCHOENFELD, A.H. (2000). Purposes and methods of research in mathematics education. Notices of the American Mathematical Society, 47 (6), 2-10.
SCHOENFELD, A.H. (2004). The math wars. Educational Policy, 18 (1), 253-286. [PDF]
Schoenfeld William Nathan (New York 1915-1996 Sun City West) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialiste de l'étude des programmes de renforcement. Professeur de Antonitis, Catania, Cumming, Dinsmoor, Ferster, Harzem, Hearst, Malott, Matos, Mechner, Nevin, Pomerleau, Shimoff et Sidman. Collaborateur de Keller et Snapper.
SCHOENFELD, W.N., ANTONITIS, J.J. & BERSH, P.J. (1950). A preliminary study of training conditions necessary for secondary reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 40, 40-55.
SCHOENFELD, W.N., CUMMING, W.W. & HEARST, E. (1956). On the classification of reinforcement schedules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 42, 563-570. [PDF]
SCHOENFELD, W.N. & CUMMING, W.W. (1957). Some effects of alternation rate in a time-correlated reinforcement contingency. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 43 (4), 349-354. [PDF]
SCHOENFELD, W.N. (1967). On the difference in resistance to extinction following regular and periodic reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11, 259-261. [PDF]
SCHOENFELD, W.N. (1993). Religion and human behavior. Boston : Authors Cooperative.
DINSMOOR, J.A. (1989). Keller and Schoenfeld’s Principles of Psychology. The Behavior Analyst, 12, 213-219. [PDF]
RIBES-INESTA, E. (1999). An interview with W. N. Schoenfeld. The Behavior Analyst, 22, 123-130. [PDF]
HEARST, E. (1997). William Nathan Schoenfeld (1915-1996) : Innovative scientist, inspiring teacher, relentless questioner, complex man. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 67 (1), 1-9. [PDF]
DINSMOOR, J.A. (1997). Obituaries : William Nathan Schoenfeld (1915-1996). American Psychologist, 52 (12), 1377-1378.
Scholl Brian J. ( ) : Psychologue cognitif américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la perception. Collaborateur de Leslie et Wynn.
SCHOLL, B.J. & LESLIE, A.M. (1999). Modularity, development and "theory of mind". Mind and Language, 14, 131-153.
SCHOLL, B.J. & TREMOULET, P.D. (2000). Perceptual causality and animacy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 299-330.
SCHOLL, B.J. (2001). Objects and attention : The state of the art. Cognition, 80 (1-2), 1-46. [PDF]
SCHOLL, B.J. & NAKAYAMA, K. (2002). Causal capture : Contextual effects on the perception of collision events. Psychological Science, 13, 493-498.
SCHOLL, B.J. (2007). Object persistence in philosophy and psychology. Mind & Language, 22, 563-569.
Schön Donald A. (Brookline États-Unis 1930-1997) : Psychologue anglais, spécialisé en éducation et dans l'étude des organisations. Collaborateur de Argyris.
SCHÖN, D.A. (1967). Invention and the evolution of ideas. London : Tavistock.
SCHÖN, D.A. (1967). Technology and change : the new Heraclitus. Oxford : Pergamon.
SCHÖN, D.A. (1983). The reflective practitioner : How professionals think in action. New York : Basic.
SCHÖN, D.A. (1985). The design studio : an exploration of its traditions and potentials. London : RIBA Publications for RIBA Building Industry Trust.
SCHÖN, D.A. (1995). The new scholarship requires a new epistemology. Change, 27 (6), 27-34.
BAUER, N. (1992). Dewey and Schon : An analysis of reflective thinking. Kansas City : American Educational Studies Association.
WAKS, L.J. (2001). Donald Schon’s philosophy of design and design education. International Journal of Technology & Design Education 11, 37-51.
School Community Journal : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'éducation. éditeur : Academic Development Institute.
SMITH, J.G. (2006). Parental involvement in education among low-income families : A case study. School Community Journal, 16 (1), 43-56. [PDF]
 
School & Society : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'éducation. Éditeur : Society for the Advancement of Education.
KERLINGER, F.N. (1960). The mythology of educational research : The methods approach. School & Society, 88, 149-151.
 
School Psychology Quarterly : Revue scientifique de psychologie qui consacre ses pages à l'éducation. Éditeur : APA.
McGOEY, K.E. & DUPAUL, G.J. (2000). Token reinforcement and response cost procedures : Reducing the disruptive behavior of preschool children. School Psychology Quarterly, 15, 330-343.
 
  STOIBER, K.C. & KRATO CHWILL, T.R. (2001). Evidence-based intervention programs : Rethinking, refining, and renaming the bvhtnew standing section of School Psychology Quarterly. School Psychology Quarterly, 16 (1), 1-8.
School Psychology Review : Revue scientifique de psychologie consacrée à l'éducation. Éditeur : NASP.
DUPAUL, G.J. & HENNINSON, P.N. (1993). Peer tutoring effects on the classroom performance of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. School Psychology Review, 22, 134-143.
 
Schooler Jonathan W. (1959-) : Psychosociologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la conscience et du rapport verbal de cet état. On lui doit également le concept d'ombrage verbale (verbal overshadowing). Collaborateur de Dodson, Johnson, Pezdek, Reder, Vohs et Wilson.
SCHOOLER, J.W. & ENGLSTER-SCHOOLER, T.Y. (1990). Verbal overshadowing of visual memories : some things are better left unsaid. Cognitive Psychology, 22, 36-71. [PDF]
SCHOOLER, J.W., OHLSSON, S. & BROOKS, K. (1993). Thoughts beyond words : when language overshadows insight. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General 122, 166-183. [PDF]
SCHOOLER, J.W., RYAN, R.S. & REDER, L.M. (1996). The costs and benefits of verbalisation. In D. Herrmann, M. Johnson, C., McEnvoy, C., Hertzog & P. Hertel (Eds.), Basic and applied memory : New findings (pp 51-65). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
SCHOOLER, J.W. (2002). Verbalization produces a transfer inappropriate processing shift. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16 (8), 989-997.
SCHOOLER, J.W., SMALLWOOD, J. CHRISTOFF, K., HANDY, T.C., REICHLE, E.D. & . (2011). Meta-awareness, perceptual decoupling and the wandering mind. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15 (7), 319-326. [PDF]
Schopenhauer Arthur (Dantzig Prusse aujourd'hui Pologne 1778-1860 Francfort-sur-le-Main) : Philosophe idéaliste allemand. Il a dit :«La vie de l'homme oscille, comme un pendule, entre la douleur et l'ennui»; «Les religions sont comme les vers luisants : pour briller, il leur faut de l'obscurité».
 

 

 
CALDWELL, W. (2016). Schopenhauer's system in its philosophical significance. Wentworth Press.
Schore Allan N. ( ) : Psychiatre et neuropsychanalyste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'attachement et de la relation entre les déterminants neurogénétiques et les phénomènes décrits par les théories psychanalytiques (attachement, inconscient, etc).
SCHORE, A.N. (1996). The experience-dependent maturation of a regulatory system in the orbital prefrontal cortex and the origin of developmental psychopathology. Development & Psychopathology, 8, 59-87.
SCHORE, A.N. (1997). A century after Freudis Project : Is a rapprochement between psychoanalysis and neurobiology at hand ? Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 45, 841-867. [PDF]
SCHORE, A.N. (2000). Attachment and the regulation of the right brain. Attachment & Human Development, 2, 23-47. [PDF]
SCHORE, A.N. (2002). Advances in neuropsychoanalysis, attachment theory, and trauma research : Implications for self psychology. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22, 433-484. [PDF]
SCHORE, A.N. (2007). Psychoanalytic research : Progress and process. Developmental affective neuroscience and clinical practice. Psychologist Psychoanalyst, 27, 6-15. [PDF]
Schouwenburg Henri C. ( ) : Psychosociologue néerlandais et spécialiste de la procrastination. Collaborateur de Ferrari, Flett, Lay, Pychyl et Tuckman.
SCHOUWENBURG, H.C. (1991). The diagnosis of procrastination in students. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en Haar Grensgebieden, 46, 379-385.
SCHOUWENBURG, H.C. (1992). Procrastinators and fear of failure : An exploration of reasons for procrastination. European Journal of Personality, 6, 225-236.
SCHOUWENBURG, H.C. (1995). Academic procrastination : theoretical notions, measurement, and research. In J.R. Ferrari, J.L. Johnson, and W.G. McCown (Eds.), Procrastination and task avoidance : Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 71-96). New York, NY : Plenum Press.
SCHOUWENBURG, H.C. & LAY, C.H. & (1995). Trait procrastination and the and Big-five factors of personality. Personality & Individual Differences, 18 (4), 481-490.
SCHOUWENBURG, H.C. & GROENWOUD, J.T. (2001). Study motivation under social temptation : Effects of trait procrastination. Personality & Individual Differences, 30 (2), 229-240.
Schreiber Peter A. ( ) : Spécialiste de la lecture, notamment de l'étude de la fluidité verbale et de la prosodie.
SCHREIBER, P.A. (1980). On the acquisition of reading fluency. Journal of Reading Behavior, 12 (3), 177-186. [PDF]
SCHREIBER, P.A. & READ, C. (1980). Children's use of phonetic cues in spelling, parsing, and - maybe - reading. Bulletin of the Orton Society, 30, 209-224.
SCHREIBER, P.A. (1987). Prosody and structure in children's syntactic processing. In R. Horowitz & S.J. Samuels (Eds.), Comprehending oral and written language (pp. 243-270). Academic Press.
SCHREIBER, P.A. (1991). Understanding prosody's role in reading acquisition. Theory into Practice, 30 (3), 158-164.
 
Schreibman Laura ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de l'autisme. Collaboratrice de Carr, Charlop, Ingersoll, Koegel, Lovaas, Runco, Tuckman et Whalen.
SCHREIBMAN, L. & LOVAAS, O.I. (1973). Overselective response to social stimuli by autistic children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1, 152-168.
SCHREIBMAN, L. (1975). Effects of within-stimulus and extra-stimulus prompting on discrimination learningin autistic children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 8 (1), 91-112. [PDF]
SCHREIBMAN, L. & CARR, E.G. (1978). Elimination of echolalic responding to questions through the training of a generalized verbal response. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11 (4), 453-463. [PDF]
SCHREIBMAN, L. (2000). Intensive behavioral/psychoeducational treatments for autism : Research needs and future directions. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 30 (5), 373-378. [PDF]
SCHREIBMAN, L. (2005). The science and fiction of austism. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
LEBLANC, L.A., LOSOWSKI, S. & RILEY, A.R. (2010). Review of Schreibman "The science and fiction of autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 43 (3), 559-563. [PDF]
Schrodt Paul ( ) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation et de la communication. Il s'intéresse notamment au pouvoir et à la crédibilité des enseigants. Collaborateur de Wheeless et Witt.
SCHRODT, P., WHEELESS, L.R. & PTACEK, K.M. (2000). Informational reception apprehension, educational motivation, and achievement. Communication Quarterly, 48, 60-73.
SCHRODT, P. & WITT, P.L. (2006). Students' attributions of instructor credibility as a function of students' expectations of instructional technology use and nonverbal immediacy. Communication Education, 55, 1-20.
SCHRODT, P. & TURMAN, P.D. (2006). Student perceptions of teacher power as a function of perceived teacher confirmation. Communication Education, 55, 265-297.
SCHRODT, P. LEDBETTER, A. M., JERNBERG, K. A., LARSON, L., ELLEDGE, N. & GLONEK, K. (2009). Family communication patterns as mediators of communication competence in the parent-child relationship. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 26, 853-874.
SCHRODT, P. & CARR, K. (2012). Trait verbal aggressiveness as a function of family communication patterns. Communication Research Reports, 29, 54-63.
Schroeder Stephen R. (Leipsic 1936-2017 Mississippi river) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'autisme et de l'automutilation. Collaborateur de Cataldo, Deleon, Fisher, Holland, Horner, Iwata, Mulick, Rojahn, Sandman, Shore, Symons, Thompson et Zarcone.
SCHROEDER, S.R. & HOLLAND, J.G. (1968). Operant control of eye movements. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1 (2), 161-168. [PDF]
SCHROEDER, S.R., SCHROEDER, C.S., SMITH, B. & DALLDORF, J. (1978). Prevalence of self-injurious behaviors in a large state facility for the retarded : A three year follow-up study. Journal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia, 8, 261-269.
SCHROEDER, S.R., MULICK, J.A. & ROJAHN, J. (1980). The definition, taxonomy, epidemiology and ecology of self-injurious behavior. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 10, 417-432.
SCHROEDER, S.R., SCHROEDER, C.S., ROJAHN, J. & MULICK, J.A. (1981). Self-injurious behavior : An analysis of behavior management techniques. In J.L. Matson & J.R. McCartney (Eds.), Handbook of behavior modification with the mentally retarded (pp. 61-115). New York : Plenum.
SCHROEDER, S.R., OSTER-GRANITE, M.L., BERKSON, G., BODFISH, J.W., BREESE, G.R., CATALDO, M.F., COOK, E.H., CRNIC, L.S., DELEON, I., FISHER, W., HARRIS, J.C., HORNER, R.H., IWATA, B., JINNAH, H.A., KING, B.H., LAUDER, J.M., LEWIS, M.H., NEWELL, K., NYHAN, W.L., ROJAHN, J., SACKETT, G.P., SANDMAN, C., SYMONS, F., TESSEL, R.E., THOMPSON, T. & WONG, D.F. (2001). Self-injurious behavior : gene-brain-behavior relationships. Mental Retardation & Developmental Disabilities Research, 7 (1), 3-12.
Schubert Emery ( ) : Psychologue australien spécialisé dans l'étude des émotions, notamment celles engendrées par la musique.
SCHUBERT, E. (1996). Enjoyment of negative emotions in music : An associative network explanation. Psychology of Music, 24, 18-28.
SCHUBERT, E. (1999). Measuring emotion continuously : validity and reliability of the two-dimensional emotion-space. Australian Journal of Psychology, 51, 154-165.
SCHUBERT, E. (2005). Differences in emotion observed and emotion felt in response to music. Australian Journal of Psychology, 57, 71-71.
SCHUBERT, E., HARGREAVES, D.J. & NORTH, A.C. (2014). A dynamically minimalist cognitive explanation of musical preference : Is familiarity everything ? Frontiers in Psychology, 5, [38], 1-8. [PDF]
SCHUBERT, E. (2016). Enjoying sad music : Paradox or parallel processes ? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10 [312], 1-8. [PDF]
Scholl/Schul/Schuler/Shull
Brian J. Scholl James E. Schul Richard L. Shull
  Randall S. Schuler  
 
Schul James E. ( ) : Psychopédagogue américain et spécialiste de l'enseignement de l'histoire. Collaborateur de Fehn.
SCHUL, J.E. (2010). Necessity is the mother of invention : An experienced history teacher’s integration of desktop documentary making. International Journal of Technology in Teaching & Learning, 6 (1), 14-32. [PDF]
SCHUL, J.E. & HAMOT, G.E. (2011). An engaged pragmatist : Uncovering and assessing Ernest Horn's view of moral education. Journal of Social Studies Research, 35 (2), 277-298.
SCHUL, J.E. (2011). Revisiting an old friend : The practice and promise of cooperative learning for the 21st century. The Social Studies, 102 (2), 88-93.
SCHUL, J.E. (2012). Compositional encounters : Evolvement of secondary students’ narratives while making historical documentaries. The Journal of Social Studies Research, 36 (3), 219-244.
SCHUL, J.E. (2014). Film pedagogy in the history classroom : Desktop documentary-making skills for history teachers and students. The Social Studies, 105 (1), 15-22.
Schuler Randall S. ( ) : Psychologue organisationnel américain et et spécialiste de l'étude du travail et de l'épuisement professionnel. Collaborateur de Jackson et Maslach.
SCHULER, R.S. (1989). Strategic human resource management and industrial relations. Human Relations, 42, 157-184.
SCHULER, R.S. & JACKSON, S.E. (1987). Organizational strategy and organizational level as determinants of human resource management practices. Human Resource Planning, 10 (3), 125-141.
SCHULER, R.S. & JACKSON, S.E. (1987). Linking competitive strategies with human resource management practices. Academy of Management Executive, 1 (3), 207-219.
SCHULER, R.S., JACKSON, S.E., DOWLING, P.J., WELCH, D.E. & DECIERI, H. (1991). Formation of an international joint venture : Davidson Instrument Panel. Human Resource Planning, 14, 51-60.
SCHULER, R.S., JACKSON, S.E. & TARIQUE, I. (2011). Global talent management and global talent challenges : Strategic opportunities for IRHM. Journal of World Business, 46, 506-516.
SCHULER, R.S. (1989). Interview with Randall S. Schuler. Journal of East European Management Studies, 6 (4), 444-449.
Schultz/Schütz/Schutz
Duane P. Schultz Wolfram Schultz William C. Shutz
Johannes H. Shultz Alfred Schütz Kristin Shutts
 
Schultz Duane P. (Baltimore 1934-2012) : Psychologue et historien de la psychologie.


SCHULTZ, D.P. (1969/75/81). A history of modern psychology. New York : Academic Press.
SCHULTZ, D.P. (1969). The human subject in psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 72, 214-228.
SCHULTZ, D.P. & SCHULTZ, S.E. (1994). Psychology and work today. New York : Macmillan.
SCHULTZ, D.P. & SCHULTZ, S.E. (2004). A history of modern psychology. Belmont, CA. : Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
SCHULTZ, D.P. & SCHULTZ, S.E. (2005). Theories of personality. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth
Schultz Johannes H. (Göttingen 1884-1970 Berlin) : Psychiatre allemand. Il a mis au point une technique de relaxation fondée sur l'auto-hypnose (Autogenic training).
SCHULTZ, J.H. & LUTHE, W. (1959). Autogenic training. New York : Grune & Stratton.
 

 
 
 
Schultz Wolfram (Meissen 1944-) : Neurobiologiste britannique, spécialisé dans l'étude des déterminants biologiques de l'apprentissage et de la récompense, notamment la dopamine. Collaborateur de Adolphs, Dayan et Dickinson.
SCHULTZ, W. (1986). Activity of pars reticulata neurons of monkey substantia nigra in relation to motor, sensory and complex events. Journal of Neurophysiology, 55 (4), 660-677. [PDF]
SCHULTZ, W., DAYAN, P. & MONTAGUE, R.R. (1997). A neural substrate of prediction and reward, Science, 275,1593-1599. [PDF]
SCHULTZ, W. (1998). Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. The Journal of Neurophysiology, 80 (1), 1-27. [PDF]
SCHULTZ, W. (2002). Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron, 36, 241-263. [PDF]
SCHULTZ, W. (2006). Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward. Annual Review of Psychology, 57, 87-115. [PDF]
Schumacher Ernst Friedrich (Bonn 1911-1977 Lausanne) : Économiste britannique, d'origine allemande. = Fritz Schumacher.
SCHUMACHER, E.F. (1973). Small is beautiful - Economics as if people mattered/Une société à la mesure de l'homme. Paris : Seuil.
 
 
 
WOOD, B. (1974). A life of Fritz Schumacher. Oxford Paperbacks.
Schumpeter Joseph Alois (Triesch-Taconic Moravie aujourd'hui République Tchèque 1883-1950 Salisbury) : Économiste américain d'origine autrichienne. On lui doit notamment la notion de cycle économique (cycle court ou cycles Kitchin/cycle moyen ou cycles Juglar/cycle long ou cycles Kondratieff). Professeur de Samuelson.
SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1911/99). Théorie de l'évolution économique : recherches sur le profit, le crédit, l’intérêt et le cycle de la conjoncture. Paris : Dalloz-Sirey.
SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1939). Business cycles : a theoretical, historical and statistical analysis of the capitalist process / Les cycles des affaires.
SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1939/1952). Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. New York : Harper & Row.
SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1942). Capitalisme, socialisme et démocratie : La doctrine marxiste. Le capitalisme peut-il survivre ? Le socialisme peut-il fonctionner ? /Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Les Éditions Actes Sud.
SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1954/2004). History of economic analysis / Histoire de l'analyse économique. Paris : Éditions Gallimard. [LIRE]
QUILES, J.-J. (1997). Schumpeter et l’évolution économique : circuit, entrepreneur, capitalisme. Paris : Nathan.
DIAMOND, A.M. (2006). Schumpeter's creative destruction : A review of the evidence. Journal of Private Enterprise 22 (1), 120-146. [PDF]
MEDEARIS, J. (2009). Joseph A. Schumpeter. New York, Londres : Continuum.
PETTIT. P. (2017). Democracy before, in, and after Schumpeter. Critical Review, 29, 1-13. [PDF]
Schunk Dale H. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain, spécialisé en éducation. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'auto-régulation des conduites et à la réussite scolaire. Collaborateur de Meece, Pintrich et Zimmerman.
SCHUNK, D.H. (1983). Developing children's self-efficacy and skills : The roles of social comparative information and goal setting. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 8, 76-86.
SCHUNK, D.H. (1983). Goal difficulty and attainment information : Effects on children's achievement behaviors. Human Learning, 2, 107-117.
SCHUNK, D.H. & HANSON, A.R. (1985). Peer models : Influence on children's self-efficacy and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77, 313-322.
SCHUNK, D.H. & HANSON, A.R. (1989). Self-modeling and children's cognitive skill learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 155-163.
SCHUNK, D.H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231. [PDF]

Schuster/Schusterman
Charles R. Schuster John W. Schuster Ronald J. Schusterman
 
Schuster Charles Roberts : (Woodbury 1930-2011) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialisé en pharmacologie béhaviorale, notamment dans l'étude de la dépendance aux drogues. Collaborateur de Brady, Goldberg, Higgins, Johanson, Silverman, Thompson et Woods.
SCHUSTER, C.R. & BRADY, J.V. (1964). The discriminative control of a food reinforced operant by interoceptive stimulation. Pavlovian Journal of Higher Nervous Activity, 14, 448-458.
SCHUSTER, C.R. & THOMPSON, T. (1969). Self-administration of and behavioral dependence on drugs. Annual Review of Pharmacology, 9, 483-502.
SCHUSTER, C.R., SMITH, B.B. & JAFFE, J.H. (1971). Drug abuse in heroin users : an experimental study of self-administration of methadone, codeine, and pentazocine. Archives of General Psychiatry, 24, 359-362.
SCHUSTER, C.R. (1975). Drugs as reinforcers in monkey and man. Pharmacological Reviews, 27, 511-521.
SCHUSTER, C.R. (1992). Drug abuse research and HIV/AIDS : a national perspective from the US. British Journal of Addiction, 87, 355-361.
Schuster John W. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'éducation.
SCHUSTER, J.W., GAST, D.L., WOLERY, M. & GUILTINAN, S. (1988). The effectiveness of constant time delay in teaching adolescents chained responses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 21 (2), 169-178. [PDF]
SCHUSTER, J.W., GRIFFEN, A.K. & WOLERY, M. (1992). Comparison of simultaneous prompting and constant time delay procedures in teaching sight words to elementary students with moderate mental retardation. Journal of Behavioral Education, 2, 305-325.
SCHUSTER, J.W. & GRIFFEN, A.K. (1993). Teaching a chained task with a simultaneous prompting procedure. Journal of Behavioral Education, 3, 299-315.
SCHUSTER, J.W., MORSE, T.E., AULT, M.J., DOYLE, P.M., CRAWFORD, M.R. & WOLEY, M. (1998). Constant time delay with chained tasks : A review of the literature. Education & Treatment of Children, 21, 74-106.
SCHUSTER, J.W., HEMMETER, M.L. & AULT, M.J. (2001). Inclusion of students with moderate and severe disabilities in early elementary classrooms. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 16, 329-341.
Schusterman Ronald J. (1932-2010) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude des dauphin, des lions de mers et des otaries. Collaborateur de Kastak/Reichmuth.
SCHUSTERMAN, R.J. (1962). The influence of patterns and percentages of reinforcement on resistance to extinction. Psychological Reports, 11, 573-574.
SCHUSTERMAN, R.J. (1976). California sea lion underwater auditory detection and variation of reinforcement schedules. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 59 (4), 997-1000.
SCHUSTERMAN, R.J. & KASTAK, D. (1993). A California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is capable of forming equivalence relations. The Psychological Record, 43, 823-839.
SCHUSTERMAN, R.J. & KASTAK, D. & REICHMUTH, C. (1997). What's ina name ? Equivalence by any other name would smell as sweet. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 68 (2), 252-258. [PDF]
SCHUSTERMAN, R.J. & KASTAK, D. (1998). Functional equivalence in a California sea lion : Relevance to animal social and communicative interactions. Animal Behaviour, 55 (5), 1087-1095. [PDF]
RICE, C. (2010). In memorian : Ronald J. Schusterman (1932-2010). The Psychological Record, 60, 183-184.
Schultz/Schütz/Schutz/Schutzwohl
Duane P. Schultz Wolfram Schultz William C. Shutz
Johannes H. Shultz Alfred Schütz Achim Shützwohl
 
Schütz Alfred (Vienne 1899-1959 New York) : Philosophe phénoménologique, sociologue et épistémologue d'origine autrichienne. Professeur de Berger, Garfinkel et Luckmann.
SCHÜTZ, A., ZANER, R.M., PARENT, D.J. & LUCKMANN, T. (1973/86). The structures of the life world. Northwestern University Press.
 
 
 
 
Schutz William C. (Chicago 1925-2002 Muir Beach) : Psychologue américain. Il a développé une théorie des relations interpersonelles (Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation ou FIRO). = Will Schutz.
SCHUTZ, W.C. (1958). FIRO : A three-dimensional theory of interpersonal behavior. New York : Holt, Rinehart & WInston.
SCHUTZ, W.C. (1979). Profound simplicity. New York, NY: Bantam.
SCHUTZ, W.C. (1989). Joy : Twenty years later. Berkeley, CA : Ten Speed Press.
SCHUTZ, W.C. (1992). Beyond FIRO-B - Three new theory derived measures - Element B : Behavior, Element F : Feelings, Element S : Self. Psychological Reports, 70, 915-937.
SCHUTZ, W.C. (1994). The human element : Productivity, self-esteem and the bottom line. San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass.
Schützwohl Achim ( ) : Psychologue allemand et spécialiste de l'étude de l'attention et de la perception du hasard et des de la surprise. Collaborateur de Hortsmann et Rensenzein.
 
SCHÜTZWOHL, A. (1998). Surprise and schema strength. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 24, 1182–1199.
SCHÜTZWOHL, A. & REISENZEIN, R. (1999). Children’s and adults’ reactions to a schema-discrepant event: A developmental analysis of surprise. International Journal for Behavioral Development, 23, 37–62.
SCHÜTZWOHL, A. & REISENZEIN, R. (2001). The structure of the intensity of surprise. Zeitschrift ür Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 41–56.
SCHÜTZWOHL, A. (2006). Sex differences in jealousy : Information search and cognitive preoccupation. Personality & Individual Differences, 40 (2), 285–292.
SCHÜTZWOHL, A. & REISENZEIN, R. (2012). Facial expressions in response to a highly surprising event exceeding the field of vision : A test of Darwin’s theory of surprise. Evolution & Human Behavior, 33, 657–664.
Schwann Theodor Ambrose Hubert (Neuss 1810-1882 Cologne) : Biologiste et physiologiste allemand. Il fut le premier à décrire les fonctions physico-chimiques de la cellule, description à l'origine de la première théorie cellulaire. Étudiant de Müller.
SCHWANN, T. (1839/42/47). Mikroskopische untersuchungen über die übereinstimmung in der struktur und dem wachstum der tiere und pflanzen/Recherches microscopiques sur la conformité de structure et de croissance des animaux et des plantes. /Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants.
OWECKI, M. (2021). Thodor Schwann (1810-1882). Journal of Neurology, 268 (12), 4921-4922.[PDF]
Schwartz/Schwarz
Barry Schwartz Seth J. Schwartz Norbert chwarz
Bennett L. Schwartz Shalom H. Schwartz  
Myrna F. Schwartz    
 
Schwartz Barry (1946-) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des comportements de choix. Collaborateur de Baer Gamzu et Lacey.
SCHWARTZ, B. & WILLIAMS, D.R. (1972). Two different kinds of key peck in the pigeon : Some properties of responses maintained by negative and positive response-reinforcer contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 18 (2), 201-216. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, B. (1975). Discriminative stimulus location as a determinant of positive and negative behavioral contrast in the pigeon. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 23 (2), 167-176. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, B., SCHULDENFREI, R. & LACEY, H. (1978). Operant psychology as factory psychology. Behaviorism, 6, 229-254.
SCHWARTZ, B. (1982). Failure to produce response variability with reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37 (2), 171-181. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, B. (1986). Allocation of a complex, sequential operant on multiple and concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45 (3), 321-335. [PDF]
Schwartz Bennett L. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la métamémoire et du mot sur le bout-de-la-langue. Collaborateur de Bjork et Metcalfe.
METCALFE, J., SCHWARTZ, B.L. & JOAQUIM, S.G. (1993). The cue familiarity heuristic in metacognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 19, 851-861.
SCHWARTZ, B.L., BENJAMIN, A.S. & BJORK, R.A. (1997). The inferential and experiential basis of metamemory. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 6, 132-137.
SCHWARTZ, B.L. (2006). Tip-of-the-tongue states as metacognition. Metacognition & Learning, 1 (2), 149-158. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, B.L. & METCALFE, J. (2011). Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) states : Retrieval, Behavior, and Experience. Memory & Cognition, 39, 737-749. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, B.L. & EFKLIDES, A. (2012). Metamemory and memory efficiency : Implications for student learning. Journal of Applied Research in Memory & Cognition, 1, 145-151. [PDF]
Schwartz Myrna F. ( ) : Psychologue et neurocognitiviste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de l'aphasie, notamment de l'agramatisme. Collaboratrice de Buxbaum, Martin et Saffran.
SCHWARTZ, M.F., SAFFRAN, E.M. & MARIN, O.S.M. (1980). The word order problem in agrammatism, I. Comprehension. Brain & Language, 10 (2), 249-262.
SCHWARTZ, M.F., SAFFRAN, E.M. & LINEBARGER. M.C. (1985). The status of the syntactic theory of agrammatism. In M.L. Kean (Ed.), Agammatism. New York : Academic Press.
SCHWARTZ, M.F., SAFFRAN, E.M., FINK, R.B., MYERS, J.L. & MARTIN, N. 1994. Mapping therapy : A treatment program for agrammatism. Aphasiology, 8, 19-54.
SCHWARTZ, M.F. (1995). Re-examining the role of executive functions in routine action production. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 769, 321-335.
SCHWARTZ, M.F., KIMBERG, D.Y., WALKER G.M., BRECHER, A., FASEYITAN, O.K., DELL, G.S. & COSLETT, H.B. (2011). Neuroanatomical dissociation for taxonomic and thematic knowledge in the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108 (20), 8520-8524.
Schwartz Seth J. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude du développement de l'identité. Collaborateur de Lilienfeld, Luyckx et Unger.
SCHWARTZ, S.J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and Neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research : A review and integration. Identity : An International Journal of Theory & Reseach, 1 (1), 7-58. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.J. (2005). A new identity for identity research : Recommendations for expanding and refocusing the identity literature. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 293-308.
SCHWARTZ, S.J., CÔTÉ, J.E. & ARNETT, J.J. (2005). Identity and agency in emerging adulthood : Two developmental routes in the individualization process. Youth & Society, 37, 201-229. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.J., DONNELLAN, D., RAVERT, R.D., LUYCKX, K. & ZAMBOANGA, B.L. (2006). Identity development, personality, and well-being in adolescence and emerging adulthood : Theory, research, and recent advances. In I.B. Weiner, R.M. Lerner, A. Easterbrooks & J. Mistry (Eds.), Handbook of psychology : Developmental psychology (Vol. 6, pp. 339-364). New York : John Wiley and Sons. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.J., ZAMBOANGA, B.L., WEISSKIRCH, R.S. & RODRIGUEZ, L. (2009). The relationships of personal and ethnic identity exploration to indices of adaptive and maladaptive psychosocial functioning. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 33, 131-144.
Schwartz Shalom H. (Hempstead 1936-) : Psychosociologue israélien d'origine américaine, spécialisé dans l'étude des valeurs, de la religion et de l'individualisme/collectivisme. Collaborateur de Bilsky.
SCHWARTZ, S.H. (1973). Normative explanations of helping behavior : A critique, proposal, and empirical test. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9 (4), 349-364. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.H. (1990). Individualism-collectivism : Critique and proposed refinements. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 139-157. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.H. (1999). A theory of cultural values and some implications for work. Applied Psychology : An International Review, 48 (1), 23-47. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.H. & RUBEL, T. (2005). Sex differences in value priorities : Cross-cultural and multi-method studies. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 89, 1010-1028. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.H. & RUBEL-LIFSCHTZ, T. (2009). Cross-national variation in the size of sex differences in values : Effects of gender equality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 97 (1), 171-185. [PDF]
Schwarz Norbert (Annweiler am Trifels-) : Psychosociologue et méthodologiste américain, d'origine allemande, spécialisé dans l'étude de la consommation. Collaborateur de Fiedler, Lewandowsky, Norenzayan, Reber, Winkielman et Zajonc.
SCHWARZ, N., HIPPLER, H.J., DEUTSCH, B. & STRACK, F. (1985). Response categories : Effects on behavioral reports and comparative judgments. Public Opinion Quarterly, 49, 388-395.
SCHWARZ, N. (1999). Self-reports : How the questions shape the answers. American Psychologist, 54, 93-105. [PDF] + [PDF]
SCHWARZ, N. (2003). Self-reports in consumer research : The challenge of comparing cohorts and cultures. Journal of Consumer Research, 29, 588-594. [PDF]
SCHWARZ, N. (2004). Metacognitive experiences in consumer judgment and decision making. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14 (4), 332-348. [PDF]
SCHWARZ, N., SANNA, L.J., SKURNIK, I. & YOON, C. (2007). Metacognitive experiences and the intricacies of setting people straight : implications for debiasing and public information campaigns. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 127-161. [PDF]
Schwitzgebel Eric ( ) : Philosophe américain et spécialiste de l'étude des croyances.
SCHWITZGEBEL, E. (2002). Representation and desire : A philosophical error with consequences for theory-of-mind research. Philosophical Psychology, 12, 157-180.
SCHWITZGEBEL, E. (1999). Gradual belief change in children. Human Development, 42, 283-296.
SCHWITZGEBEL, E. (2002). In-between believing. Philosophical Quarterly, 51, 56-62.
SCHWITZGEBEL, E. (2002). A phenomenal, dispositional account of belief. Noûs, 36, 249-275.
SCHWITZGEBEL, E. (2002). Acting contrary to our professed beliefs, or the Gulf between occurrent judgment and dispositional belief. Pacific Philosophical Quarterly, 91, 531-553.
 
Schein/Schyns/Shins
Edgar H. Schein Phillipe G. Schyns Lisa M. Shin
 
Schyns Philippe G. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la catégorisation. Collaborateur de Adolphs, Buchanan, Damasio, Goldstone, Gosselin et Tranel.
SCHYNS, P.G. & OLIVA, A. (1997). Flexible, diagnosticity-driven, rather than fixed, perceptually determined scale selection in scene and face recognition. Perception, 26 (8), 1027-1038.
SCHYNS, P.G., GOLDSTONE, R.L. & THIBAULT, J.P. (1998). The development of features in object concepts. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21 (1), 1-17.
SCHYNS, P.G., JENTSCH, I., JOHNSON, M., SCHWEINBERGER, S. & GOSSELIN, F. (2003). A principled method for determining the functionality of brain responses. NeuroReport, 14, 1665-1669.
SCHYNS, P.G. (2003). Categorizing and perceiving objects : Exploring a continuum of information use. Psychology of Learning & Motivation, 42, 193-224.
SCHYNS, P.G., PETRO, L.S. & SMITH, M.L. (2007). Dynamics of visual information integration in the brain for categorizing facial expressions. Current Biology, 17 (18), 1580-1585.
SCH - SCIENCE COGNITIVE - SCIENTIFICITÉ - SCOLARISATION - SCOTT - SCRIPT - SCRIPTURE - SE
Science : Scientifique : Ensemble de disciplines intellectuelles qui utilise la démarche scientifique dans le but de résoudre des problèmes scientifiques. Pour résoudre ces problèmes, il faut découvrir des régularités dans l'objet d'étude (et par contraste, des singularités), les décrire, les expliquer au moyen de théories pour en comprendre les déterminismes et les mécanismes et, éventuellement, d'utiliser ces connaissances pour prédire et modifier la réalité physique et sociale. Au sujet de la psychologie scientifique, Piéron a dit : «La science et la philosophie sont restées longtemps confondues. Ce qui caractérise la science, c'est l'appel à la vérification, la subordination de la théorie aux faits, l'esprit expérimental, tandis que la philosophie se satisfait dans une cohérence logique interne et se limite progressivement aux problèmes qui ne peuvent pas être soumis au contrôle de l'expérience». NDLR : Celui ou celle qui pratique la science est un-e scientifique ou une chercheur-e, et non un-e scientiste. Science, méthode scientifique et technologie. ( ): Voir tableau ci-bas. /antiscientifique. Science.
 
 
Problème   Théorie   Solution
   
Recherche
   
  Méthodes scientifiques
 

Types de science
Anti-science/Anti-scientifique Science exacte Science nomothétique
Science appliquée Science expérimentale Science normale
Science cognitive Science fondamentale Science ouverte
Science de la nature Science formelle Science politique
Science descriptive Sciences humaines Science publique
Science discursive Science idiographique Science pure
Science du comportement Science inexacte
Sciences sociales
Science dure/molle
 Science nomothétique Science spectacle
Science empirique  Science molle/impure Pseudoscience
 
 
Domaines et Caractéristiques de la science
Activités de la science Éthique en science Pseudo-science
Autorité en science Mauvaise science Rejet de la science
Buts de la science Progrès de la science Science et religion (Conflit)
Crédibilité de la science

 
   
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  PIGLIUCCI, M. (2010). Nonsense on stilts: How to tell science from junk. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
BATENS, D. (1992). Do we need a hierarchical model of science ? In J. Earman (Ed.), Inference, explanation, and other frustrations. Essays in the Philosophy of Science : Pittsburgh Series in Philosophy of Science (pp. 199-215). University of California Press. LILIENFELD, S.O. (2010). Can psychology become a science ? Personality & Individual Differences, 49, 281-288 [PDF]
  LOSH, S.C. (2010), Stereotypes about scientists over time among US adults : 1983 and 2001. Public Understanding of Science, 19 (3), 372-382. [PDF]

MOORE, J.C. (2010). Behaviorism and the stages of scientific activity. The Behavior Analyst, 33 (1), 47–63. [PDF]
  THÉRÈSE, S. & MARTIN, B. (2010). Shame, scientist ! Degradation rituals in science. Prometheus, 28 (2), 97-110. [LIRE]
  MANSOUR, N. (2011). Science teachers' views of science and religion vs. the Islamic perspective: Conflicting or compatible ? Science Education, 95, 281-309.

EVANS, J.H. (2011). Epistemological and moral conflict between religion and science. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50, 707-727.
  LILIENFELD, S.O. (2012). Public skepticism of psychology : Why many people perceive the study of human behavior as unscientific. American Psychologist, 67 (2), 111-129. [PDF]
COLE, J.R. & SINGER, B. (1992). A theory of limited differences : Explaining the productivity puzzle in science. In H. Zuckerman, J.R. Cole & J.T. Bruer (Eds.), The outer circle : Women in the scientific community (pp. 277-310). New Haven : Yale University Press. GINER-SOROLLA, R. (2012). Science or art ? How aesthetic standards grease the way through the publication bottleneck but undermine science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 562-571.
FEIST, G.J. (1993). A structural model of scientific eminence. Psychological Science, 4, 366-371. IOANNIDIS, J.P.A. (2012). Why science is not necessarily self-correcting. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 645-654. [PDF]
BELLAK, L. (1993). Psychoanalysis as a science. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. NEUROSKEPTIC (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 7, 643-644. [PDF]
KITCHER, P. (1993). The advancement of science. New York: Oxford University Press. TEO, T. (2012). Psychology is still a problematic science and the public knows it. American Psychologist, 67 (12), 807-808.

AGAR, J. (2012). Science in the twentieth century and beyond. Polity Press.
JONES, S.L. (1994). A constructive relationship for religion with the science and Agar, Jon (2012) Science in the Twentieth Century and Beyond, Polity Press.profession of psychology : Perhaps the boldest model yet. American Psychologist, 49 (3), 184–199. FEIST, G.J. (2012). Predicting interest in and attitudes toward science from personality and need for cognition. Personality & Individual Differences, 52, 771-775.
DRENTH, P.J.D. (1994). Scientific and social responsibility : A dilemma for the psychologist as a scientist ? European Work & Organisational Psychologist, 3, 45-57. FARIAS, M., NEWHEISER, A.K., KAHANE, G. & DE TOLEDO, Z. (2013). Scientific faith : Belief in science increases in the face of stress and existential anxiety. Journal of experimental social psychology, 49, 1210-1213.
  AGNEW, M.J. & PYKE, S.W. (1994). The science game. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall. CATANIA, A.C. (2013). A natural science of behavior. Review of General Psychology, 17 (2), 133-139.
ANDERMAN, E.M. & YOUNG, A.J. (1994). Motivation and strategy use in science : Individual differences and classroom effects. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31, 811-831. SCHAFFER, S. (2014). La fabrique des sciences modernes. Paris : Seuil.
ASHLEY, M. (Ed.) (1994). Science and creationism. Oxford : Oxford University Press. DESCARRIES, F. (2014). Language is not neutral : The construction of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities. Signs : Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 7 (3), 564-569.
GIBBONS, M., LIMOGES, C., NOWOTNY, H., SCHWARTZMAN, S., SCOTT, P. & TROW, M. (1994). The new production of knowledge : the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. London : Sage. HARRIS, S. (2015). Our narrow definition of "science". In J. Brockman (Ed.), This idea must die (pp. 136-138). New York, NY : Harper Perennial.
BAUER, M., DURANT, G. & EVANS, G. (1994). European public perceptions of science. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 6, 163-186. BORNMANN, L. & MUTZ, R. (2015). Growth rate of modern science : a bibliometric analysis based on the number of publications and cited references. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 66, 2215-2222.
  ROMANO, A. (2015). Fabriquer l'histoire des sciences modernes. Annales, Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 70 (2), 381-408.
NORTON, J. (1994). Science and certainty. Synthese, 99, 3-22. [PDF] FIRESTEIN, S. (2015). Failure : Why science is so successful. New York, NY : Oxford University Press.

 GINGRAS, Y. (2016). L'impossible dialogue. Montréal : Boréal.
  RUBIN, H. & O'CONNOR, C. (2018). Discrimination and collaboration in Science. Philosophy of Science, 85, 380-402.

RUTJENS, B.T., HEINE, S.J., SUTTON, R.M. & VAN HERREVELD, F. (2018). Attitudes towards science. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 57, 125-165. [PDF]
  ORESKES, N. (2019). Why trust science ? New Jersey : Princeton University Press.
COLLINS, H. & PINCH, T. (1994). Tout ce que vous devriez savoir sur la science. Paris : Seuil. McINTYRE, L. (2019). The scientific attitude. Cambridge : MIT Press.
   YOUNG, A.G. & SHTULMAN, A. (2020). Children's cognitive reflection predicts conceptual understanding in science and mathematics. Psychological Science, 31, 1396-1408. [PDF]
   SHTULMAN, A. & YOUNG, A.G. (2020). Why do logically incompatible explanations seem psychologically compatible ? Science, pseudoscience, religion, and superstition. In K. McCain & K. Kampourakis (Eds.), Scientific knowledge ? An introduction to contemporary epistemology of science (pp. 163-178). London : Routledge. [PDF]
  DÉSAUTELS, J. (2021). L'enseignement des sciences et le politique : un exemple. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics & Technology, 20 (3),
 
Voir aussi Méthode scientifique et Scientificité
Science (Activités) : Désigne l'ensemble des tâches effectuées par les scientifiques, et la mesure de leur valeur. On peut mesurer certaine de ces activités, notamment la rédaction d'article scientifique, au moyen de l'indice d'influence scientifique (Impact factor). L'activité scientifique est l'objet d'étude de la scientométrie. Activité scientifique, science et recherche. Scientific activity.
 
Activités scientifiques
Analyser des données Enseigner la science
Rédiger des problématiques
Communiquer ses résultats de recherche Estimer la valeur d'une revue scientifique Trouver des problèmes de recherche
Concevoir des outils de mesure/évaluation Examiner les aspects éthiques de la recherche et de ses applications Participer à des congrès, à des colloques
Donner des conférences/entrevues Interprétation des résultats Procéder à une collecte de données
Écrire des articles scientifiques Lire et critiquer le travail de ses collègues (comité de lecture) Proposer et vérifier des théoriesProposer et vérifier des théories
 Écrire des ouvrages scientifiques Rédiger des demandes de subventions + Gérer les fonds obtenus Vulgariser la science
 


  MOORE, J.C. (2010). Behaviorism and the stages of scientific activity. The Behavior Analyst, 33 (1), 47–63. [PDF]

Voir aussi Vertus épistémiques, Scientificité, Marchandisation de la connaissance et Éthique en science
Science/Scientifique (Anti-) : Qualifie une attitude ou un raisonnement qui tend à discréditer ou à rejeter carrément la science, sa méthode, ses valeurs, ses principes. EX: La religion a souvent une attitude anti-scientifique. On peut douter ou critiquer le travail des scientifiques - c'est là une attitude saine, qu'il faut encourager - sans toutefois remettre en question les fondements de la démarche scientifique. Anti-science et pseudo-science. /vertus scientifiques. Antiscience, rejection of science.
   
COLLINS, R. (1989). Sociology : Proscience or antiscience ? American Sociological Review, 54 (1), 124-139. [PDF] SHERMAN, E. (2009). Science and antiscience in America : Why It matters. Skeptical Inquirer, 33 (2), 32-35.
[PDF]
HOLTON, G. (1994). The antiscience problem. Skeptical Inquirer, 18 (3), 264-265. LEWANDOWSKY, S., GIGNAC, G.E. & OBERAUER, K. (2013). The role of conspiracist ideation and worldviews in predicting rejection of science. PLOS One, 8 [10], 1-11. [PDF]
KURTZ, P. (1991). The growth of anti-science. The Skeptical Inquirer, 18 (3), 265-299.  SHTULMAN, A. & LOMBROZO, T. (2016). Bundles of contradiction : A coexistence view of conceptual change. In D. Barner & A. Baron (Eds.), Core knowledge and conceptual change (pp. 49-67). Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press.

LEWANDOWSKY, S. & OBERAUER, K. (2016). Motivated rejection of science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 25, 217–222.

HORNSEY, M.J. & FIELDING, K.S. (2017). Fielding, attitude roots and Jiu Jitsu persuasion : Understanding and overcoming the motivated rejection of science. American Psychology,72, 459–473.

 SHTULMAN, A. (2017). Science blind : Why our intuitive theories of the world are so often wrong. New York : Basic Books.
JACOBSON, J.W., MULICK, J.A. & SCHWARTZ, A.A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication : Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50 (9), 750-765.  McPHETRES, J. & ZUCKERMAN, M. (2018). Religiosity predicts negative attitudes towards science and lower levels of science literacy. PLOS One, 13 (11), 1-20. [PDF]

HORNSEY, M.J. (2020). Why facts are not enough : Understanding and managing the motivated rejection of science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29, 583–591.
   RIZEQ, J., FLORA, D.B. & TOPLAK, M.E. (2021). An examination of the underlying dimensional structure of three domains of contaminated mindware : paranormal beliefs, conspiracy beliefs, and anti-science attitudes. Thinking & Reasoning, 27 (2), 187-211.
STIX, G., NEMECEK, S. & YAM, P. (1997). Science versus antiscience ? Scientific America, 27 (1), 96-101. PHILLIP-MULLER, A., LEE, S.W.S. & PETTY, R.E. (2022). Why are people antiscience, and what can we do about it ? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119 (30), 1-10. [PDF]

Voir Conflit science-religion, Religion, Théorie du complot, Fraude scientifique, Crédibilité scientifique et Pseudo-science
Science (Autorité) : Pouvoir formel et légitime qui confère à un scientifique la capacité de persuader autrui. Ce pouvoir découle essentiellement de trois sources : 1) les institutions scientifiques et leur finacement par l'état et l'entreprise (université, chaire, équipe de rechercehe, observatoire, association, etc), l'usage d'une méthode rigoureuse et efficace (la méthode scientifique) et selon le domaine, un ensemble de connaissances organisées autour d'un ensemble de théories. Scientific authority.
   
MILGRAM, S. (1965). Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority. Human Relations, 18, 57-76. [PDF] THÉRÈSE, S. & MARTIN, B. (2010). Shame, scientist ! Degradation rituals in science. Prometheus, 28 (2), 97-110. [LIRE]
BLASS, T. (1999). The Milgram paradigm after 35 years : Some things we now know about obedience to authority. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 955-978. LILIENFELD, S.O. (2012). Public skepticism of psychology : Why many people perceive the study of human behavior as unscientific. American Psychologist, 67 (2), 111-129. [PDF]
RELMAN, A. (2001). Trust me, I'm a scientist. New Scientist, 46-47. FIRESTEIN, S. (2015). Failure : Why science is so successful. New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
McDUFFIE, T.E. (2001). Scientist - geek or nerds ? Duspelling teachers' stereotypes of scientists'. Science & Children, 38, 16-19. PANOFSKY, A. (2017). Rethinking scientific authority : Behavior genetics and race controversies. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 6 (2), 322-358. [PDF]
HORROBIN, D.F. (2001). Something rotten at the core of science ? Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 22, 51-52. BIJKER, W.E., BAL, R. & HENDRIKS, R. (2018). The paradox of scientific authority : The role of scientific advice in democracies. MIT Press.
  ORESKES, N. (2019). Why trust science ? New Jersey : Princeton University Press.

Voir aussi Science et Autorité
Science (Buts) :
 
Types de science But
Science fondamentale Décrire
Expliquer
Prédire
Science appliquée
Prédire
Intervenir
Science (Crédibilité) : Crédibilité plus ou moins grande (scepticisme) que l'on accorde à la science, au travail des chercheurs  Scientific credibility.
   
RELMAN, A. (2001). Trust me, I’m a scientist. New Scientist, 46-47. width="50%" ORESKES, N. (2019). Why trust science ? New Jersey : Princeton University Press.
FARIAS, M., NEWHEISER, A., KAHANE, G. & DE TOLEDO, Z. (2013). Scientific faith : Belief in science increases in the face of stress and existential anxiety. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49 (6), 1210–1213. PLOHL, N. & MUSIL, B. (2020). Modeling compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines : the critical role of trust in science. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 26 (1), 1-12.
 CLOBERT, M. & SAROGLOU, V. (2015). Religion, paranormal beliefs, and distrust in science: Comparing East versus West. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 37, 185-199. RUTJENS, B.T. & VAN DER LEE, R. (2020). Spiritual skepticism Hetero-geneous science skepticism in the Netherlands. Public Understanding of Science, 29 (3), 335–352.
HORNSEY, M.J. (2020). Why facts are not enough : Understanding and managing the motivated rejection of science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29, 583–591. RUTJENS, B.T., SENGUPTA, N., VAN DER LEE, R., VAN KONINGSBRUGGEN, G.M., MARTENS, J.P., RABELO, A. & SUTTON, R.M. ( (2022). Science skepticism across 24 countries. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 13, 102–117. [PDF]

Voir aussi Anti-science, Science, Mauvaise science et Autorité

Science (Désabusement) : Désabusement que l'on ressent vis-vis les erreurs de la science ou son incapacité à résoudre certains problèmes. Cynicism.
   
HAACK, S. (2007). Defending science : Within reason-between scientism and cynicism. Amherst, NY : Prometheus Book.
Science (Éthique/Déontologie) : Voir Éthique et déontologie des chercheurs.
Science (Mauvaise/Bonne) : Expression utilisée pour désigner un travail scientifique de piètre qualité, qui ne satisfait pas aux vertus de la science. /Progrès de la science. Bad/good science, junk science.
   
PARLOFF, R. (1997). Speaking of junk science... American Lawyer, 19 (1), 5-8.
ROZEBOOM, W.W. (1997). Good science is abductive, not hypothetico-deductive. In L.L. Harlow & S.A. Mulaik (Eds.) What if there were no significance tests. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.
GOLDACRE, B. (2008). Bad science. London : Fourth Estate.
OFFIT, P. (2010). Autism's false prophets : Bad science, risky medicine, and the search for a cure. New York, NY : Columbia University Press.
FARIAS, M., NEWHEISER, A., KAHANE, G. & DE TOLEDO, Z. (2013). Scientific faith : Belief in science increases in the face of stressand existential anxiety. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49 (6), 1210–1213.
 SMALDINO, P.E. & McElREATH, R. (2016). The natural selection of bad science. Royal Society Open Science, 3, 1-17. [PDF]
Science (Progrès) : Conception de la science qui prétend que, bien que perfectibles, les théories scientifiques décrivent, expliquent et manipulent (technologie) de mieux en mieux la réalité, contribuant ainsi à la découverte de nouveaux phénomènes. /Mauvaise science. Scientific progress.
   
 BORING, E.G. (1954). Psychological factors in scientific progress. American Scientist, 42, 639-45. GREENWALD, A.G., PRATKANIS, A.R., LEIPPE, M.R. & BAUMGARDNER, M.H. (1986). Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress ? Psychological Review, 93 (2), 216-229. [PDF]
KING, M.D. (1971). Reason, tradition, and the progressiveness of science. History & Theory, 10, 3-32. BONEAU, C.A. (1998). Hermann Ebbinghaus : On the road to progress or down the garden path ? In G.A. Kimble & M. Wertheimer (Eds.), Portraits of pioneers in psychology (Vol. pp. 51-64). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
  SCHIEBINGER, L. (2001). Has feminism changed science ? Signs : Journal of Women in Culture & Society 25 (4), 1171-1175. [PDF]
CARTWRIGHT, D. (1973). Determinants of scientific progress : The case of research on the risky shift. American Psychologist, 28 (3), 222-231. LAMONT, M. & MOLNAR, V. (2002). The study of boundaries in the social sciences. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 167–195.
LAUDAN, L. (1977). Progress and its problems: Towards a theory of scientific growth. Berkeley, CA : University of California Press. JOST, J.T., BANAJI, M.R. & PRENTICE, D.A. (Eds.). (2004). Perspectivism in social psychology : The yin and yang of scientific progress. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
LEPLIN, J. (1981). Truth and scientific progress. Studies in History & Philosophy of Science Part A, 12 (4), 269-291. [PDF] KAUFFMAN, J.M. (2008). Would we recognize progress if we saw it ? A commentary. Journal of Behavioral Education, 17, 128-143.
   CARLSON, E.A. (2018). How scientific progress occurs : Incrementalism and the life sciences. New York : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Voir aussi Méthode scientifique, Découverte et Science
Science/Scientifique (Pseudo-) : Fausse science, qui prétend être vraie. La "vraie" science s'appuie sur la méthode scientifique et ses principes de scientificité pour vérifier ses théories et mesurer l'efficacité de ses technologies. La fausse science se divise en deux : d'un côté, il y a les croyants dont la foi est sincère et repose sur des mythes et une pensée magique. Ces personnes sont convaincues de posséder un don et certaines d'entre elles cherchent à en faire profiter les autres; de l'autre côté, il y a les charlatans, ces imposteurs parfaitement conscients de leur ignorance et de leur incompétence, qui recourent au psychoverbiage et aux techniques de persuasion pour exploiter la crédulité et le porte-feuille d'autrui. Pseudoscience, médecine alternative et parapsychologie. Pseudoscience, anti-science,
 
Types de pseudoscience Exemple
Médecine alternative Homéopathie
Parapsychologie Clairvoyance
Pseudo-science naturelle Astrologie
 
   
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ALLCHIN, D. (2004). Pseudohistory and pseudoscience, Science & Education, 13, 179-185.
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HULL, J.G. (1995). When explanations fail : Science and pseudoscience in psychology. Psychological Inquiry, 7, 149-151. BUNGE, M. (2006). The philosophy behind pseudoscience. Skeptical Inquirer, 30 (4), 29-27. [PDF]
  BROCH, H. (2006). Gourous, sorciers et savants. Paris : Éditions Odile Jacob.
SOBELL, L.C. (1996). Bridging the gap between scientists and practitioners : The challenge before us. Behavior Therapy, 27, 297-320. SULLOWAY, F.J. (2007). Psychoanalysis and pseudoscience : Frank J. Sulloway revisits Freud and his legacy. In T. Dufresne (Ed.), Against Freud : Critics talk back (pp. 48-69). Stanford : Stanford University Press. [PDF]
BEYERSTEIN, B.L. (1997). Alternative medicine : Where's the evidence ? Canadian Journal of Public Health, 88 (3), 149-152. NORMAND, M.P. (2008). Science, skepticism, and applied behavior analysis. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 1, 42-49. [PDF]
SHERMER, M. (1997). Why people believe weird things : Pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time. W.H. Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co. FRAZIER, K. (2009). Science under siege : Defending science, exposing pseudoscience. New York : Prometheus Books.
HANSSON, S.O. (1996). Defining pseudoscience. Philosophia Naturalis, 33, 169-176. THYER, B.A. & PIGNOTTI, M. (2010). Science and pseudoscience in developmental disabilities : Guidelines for social workers. Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation, 9, 110-129.
  THYER, B.A. & PIGNOTTI, M. (2011). Pseudoscience in clinical assessment. In C. Jordan & C. Franklin (Eds.), Clinical assessment for social workers (pp. 163-178). Chicago, IL : Lyceum Books.
  MATUTE, H., YARRITU, I. & VADILLO, M.A. (2011). Illusions of causality at the heart of pseudoscience. British of Journal of Psychology, 102 (3), 392-405. [PDF]
LILIENFELD, S.O. (1998). Pseudoscience in contemporary clinical psychology : What it is and what we can do about it. The Clinical Psychologist, 51, 3-9. LILIENFELD, S.O., AMMRATI, R. & DAVID, M. (2012). Distinguish- ing science from pseudoscience in school psychology: science and scientific thinking as safeguards against human error. Journal of School Psychology, 50, 7-36.
LINDEMAN, M. (1998). Motivation, cognition, and pseudoscience. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 257-265. LILIENFELD, S.O. (2012). Public skepticism of psychology : Why many people perceive the study of human behavior as unscientific. American Psychologist, 67 (2), 111-129. [PDF]
ALCOCK, J.E. (1998). Science, pseudoscience, and anomaly. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, 303-304. NEUROSKEPTIC (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 7, 643-644. [PDF]
  MAHNER, M. (2013). Science and pseudoscience. How to demarcate after the (alleged) demise of the demarcation problem. In M. Pigliucci & M. Boudry (Eds.), Philosophy of pseudoscience : Reconsidering the demarcation problem (pp. 29-44). Chicago : The University of Chicago Press.
  DENAULT, V., LARIVÉE, S., PLOUFFE, D. & PLUSQUELLEC, P. (2015). La synergologie, une lecture pseudoscientifique du langage corporel. Revue de Psychoéducation, 44 (2), 425-455. [PDF]
  RIPOLL, T. (2017). Le dualisme esprit-matière derrière les pseudosciences. Sciences et Pseudo-Sciences, 321, 53-60.

DRUMMOND, C. & FISCHHOFF, B. (2017). Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114 (36), 9587–9592.
  FASCE, A. (2017). What do we mean when we speak of pseudoscience ? The development of a demarcation criterion based on the analysis of twenty-one previous attempts. Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin, 6 (7), 459-480.
BEYERSTEIN, B.L. (1999). Pseudoscience and the brain : tuners and tonics for aspiring superhumans. In S. Della Sala (Ed.), Mind myths : Exploring popular assumptions about the mind and brain. London : John Wiley & Sons. KAUFMAN, A.B. & KAUFMAN, J.C. (2018) (Eds.), Pseudoscience : The conspiracy against science. The MIT Press.
DUNBAR, K. (1999). Science. In M. Runco & S. Pritzker (Eds.), The encyclopedia of creativity. (pp. 1379-1384). Academic Press. [PDF]  SHTULMAN, A. & YOUNG, A.G. (2020). Why do logically incompatible explanations seem psychologically compatible ? Science, pseudoscience, religion, and superstition. In K. McCain & K. Kampourakis (Eds.), Scientific knowledge ? An introduction to contemporary epistemology of science (pp. 163-178). London : Routledge. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Mythe, Charlatanisme Croyance, Anti-science et Pensée magique
Science (Rejet) : Rejection of science.
   
PIGLIUCCI, M. (2002). Denying evolution : Creationism, scientism, and the nature of science. Sinauer.
LEWANDOWSKY, S., OBERAUER, K. & GIGNAC, G.E. (2013). NASA faked the moon landing-Therefore (climate) science is a hoax : An anatomy of the motivated rejection of science. Psychological Science, 24, 622-633.
RUTJENS, B.T, SUTTON, R.M. & VAN DER LEE, R. (2018). Not all skepticism is equal : Exploring the ideological antecedents of science acceptance and rejection. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 44 (3), 384-405. [PDF]
HORNSEY, M.J. (2020). Why facts are not enough : Understanding and managing the motivated rejection of science. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29 (6), 583–591.
RUTJENS, B.T., VAN DER LINDEN, & VAN DER LEE, R. (2021). Science skepticism in times of COVID-19. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24, 276-283.

Voir aussi Théorie du complot, Mythe, Mythe/Vaccination et Antiscientifique
Science (Révolutions) : Voir Révolution scientifique. Scientific revolution.
Science : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'ensemble des sciences. Éditeur : American Association for the Advancement of Science.
SKINNER, B.F. (1981). Selection by consequences. Science, 213 (4507), 501-504.
 
Science Communcation : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la science et de la vulgarisation scientifique. Éditeur : Sage Journals.
PAISLEY, W.J. (1998). Scientific literacy and the competition for public attention and understanding. Science Communication, 20 (1), 70–80.
 
Science Education : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la science et de la vulgarisation scientifique. Éditeur : Wiley.
FANG, Z. (2005). Scientific literacy : A systematic functional linguistics perspective. Science Education, 89 (2), 335–347.
 
Science & Education : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'histoire des sciences à son enseignement. Éditeur : Springer Nature.

DUNLOP, L. & VENEU, F. (2019). Controversies in science : To teach or not to teach. Science & Education, 28, 689-710.
 
Science & Human Behavior : Livre écrit par Skinner en 1953.
   
SKINNER, B.F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan Free Press/Simon & Schuster. [PDF]
PILGRIM, C. (2003). Science and human behavior at fifty. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 80 (3), 329-340. [PDF]
MARR, M.J. (2003). A still great voice : The golden sovereignty of Science and human behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 80 (3), 311-312. [PDF]
TODOROV, J.C. (2003). Science and human behavior translated into Portugese: Ciência e comportamenta humano. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 80, (3), 341. [PDF]

Voir aussi Béhaviorisme
Science médicale (Pseudo-) : Voir Médecine alternative. Alternative medicine, complementary and alternative medecine (CAM).
Science naturelle (Pseudo-) : Ensemble des pseudosciences qui ont pour objet d'étude des phénomènes pseudo-naturels (force occulte, miracle, présence extra-terrestre, etc.).
 
Types de pseudophénomènes naturels
Astrologie Miracle OVNI
Effet de la lune    
 
Science appliquée : Toute science qui tente de résoudre des problèmes concrets ou pratiques. La psychologie est une science appliquée. Elle produit des connaissances particulières dans un champ d'étude restreint. Dans la chaîne de production des connaissances, les sciences appliquées se situent entre la science fondamentale et la technhnologie. EX: À l'école, quelles sont les conditions idéales pour apprendre (grande classe ou petite classe, avec ou sans *technologie. Applied science.
 
Psychologie scientifique (= Science fondamentale)
   
   
Psychologie appliquée
   
   
Psychologie clinique ( = Technologie)


  CARR, E.G., DUNLAP, G., HORNER, R.H., KOEGEL, R.L., TURNBULL, A.P., SAILOR, W. & FOX, L. (2002). Positive behavior support : Evolution of an applied science. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4 (1), 4-16, 20.

Voir aussi Analyses fonctionnelle du comportement
Science cognitive : Toute science qui s'intéresse aux fonctions et aux structures cognitives des cerveaux humain et animaux. Il peut s'agir de la psychologie, de la biologie, des mathématiques, de l'informatique, de la linguistiques, etc. NDLR : D'abord associé presque exclusivement aux théories de la connaissance, notamment celle de Piaget, le terme cognitif désigne de nos jours une vaste réalité, qui déborde largement l'objet d'étude définit à l'origine. Cognitive science.
   
NORMAN, D.A. (1980). Twelve issues for cognitive science. Cognitive Science, 4, 1-32. [PDF] HATFIELD, G. (2002). Psychology, philosophy, and cognitive science : Reflections on the history and philosophy of experimental psychology. Mind & Language, 17, 207-232. [PDF]
JOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N. (1988). The computer and the mind : An introduction to cognitive science. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
SKINNER, B.F. (1985). Cognitive science and behaviourism. British Journal of Psychology, 76, 291-301. GENTNER, D. (2002). Cognitive science. Encyclopedia Americana. Danbury, CN : Grolier. [PDF]
COLLINS, A. & SMMITH, E.E. (Eds.) (1988). Reading in cognitive science : A perspective from psychology and artificial intelligence. San Mateo, C.A. : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
VARELA, F. (1988). Invitation aux sciences cognitives. Paris : Seuil.  
 LE NY, J.-F. (1989). Science cognitive et compréhension du langage. Paris : PUF.  
POSNER, M.I. (1989). Foundations of cognitive science. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. PIATTELLI-PALMARINI, M. & NADEL, L. (2003). What is cognitive science ? In L. Nadel (Ed.), Encyclopedia of cognitive science (Vol. 1). London UK : Macmillan.
KEIL, F.C. (1991). On being more than the sum of the parts : The conceptual coherence of cognitive science. Psychological Science, 2, 283, 287-293. COLE, M. (2003). Culture and cognitive science. Outlines, 1, 3-15. [PDF]
McCLOSKEY, M. (1991). Networks and theories : The place of connectionnism in cognitive science. Psychological Science, 2 (6), 387-395. [PDF]  
VIGNAUX, G. (1991). Les sciences cognitives. Paris : Éditions La Découverte. COHEN-COLE, J. (2005). The reflexivity of cognitive science : the scientist as model of human nature. History of the Human Sciences, 18 (4), 107-139.
ECKARDT VON, B. (1993). What a cognitive science ? Cambridge : MIT Press. BODEN, M.A. (2006). Mind as machine : A history of cognitive science. Oxford : Clarendon Press.
TIBERGHIEN, G. & JEANNEROD, M. (1995). Pour la science cognitive la métaphore cognitive est-elle scientifiquement fondée ? Revue Internationale de Psychopathologie, 18, 173-203. [PDF] TIBERGHIEN, G. (2007). Entre neurosciences et neurophilosophie : la psychologie cognitive et les sciences cognitives. Psychologie Française, 52 (3), 279-297.
STILLING, N.A., WEISLER, S.E., CHASE, C.H., FEINSTEIN, M.H., GARFIELD, J.L. & RISSLAND, E.L. (1995). Cognitive Science : An Introduction. Cambridge : MIT Press.  CERULO, K.A. (2010). Mining the intersections of culture and cognitive science. Poetics, 38, 115-132.
RAPAPORT, W.J. (1993/96). Cognitive science. In A. Ralston, E.D. Reilly & D. Hemmindinger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of computer science. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold. [PDF]
THAGARD, P.R. (1996/2005). Mind : Introduction to cognitive science. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press/Bradford Books BELLER, S., BENDER, A. & MEDIN, D.L. (2012). Should anthropology be part of cognitive science ? Topics in Cognitive Science, 4 (3), 342-353. [PDF]

Voir aussi Analogie humain-ordinateur, Intelligence artificielle, Cybernétique et Sciences

Science connexe (à la psychologie) : La psychologie entretient des relations étroites avec de nombreuses sciences, dites «connexes».
 
Sciences/Technologies connexes Liens avec la psychologie
Anthropologie Psychologie culturelle
Biologie Psychobiologie, Psychologie évolutionniste, écologie humaine, écologie béhaviorale, Neupsychologie, Neuropsychanalyse
Criminologie Psychologie de la personnalité
Droit Psychologie légale
Économie Neuroéconomie, Behaviorisme (loi de l'appariement)
Éducation Psychologie de l'apprentissage, Psychologie cognitive, Psychologie scolaire, Neuroéducation
Éthologie Psychologie comparée
Histoire Psychohistoire
Informatique Psychologie cognitive + Sciences cognitives
Linguistique Psycholinguistique
Mathématiques/ Statistiques Psychologie mathématique
Médecine Psychologie de la santé
Méthodologie Psychologie expérimentale
Sciences politiques Psychologie politique
Sciences religieuses Psychologie des religions et de la spiritualité
Sociologie Psychologie sociale
Travail social Psychologie communautaire + Écologie humaine
En construction
Science de la nature : Ensemble des sciences qui étudie la nature et ses éléments non-vivants (ce qui exclut la biologie) ou non-humain (ce qui inclut la biologie). = science naturelle. Natural science.
   
JAMES W. (1892). A plea for psychology as a ‘‘natural science. Philosophical Review, 1, 146–153.
ROSE, H. & ROSE, S. (Eds.) (1979). Ideology of/in the natural sciences. Cambridge, MA : Schenkman Publishing Co.
KNORR CETINA, K.D. (1981). Social and scientific method or what do we make of the distinction between the natural and the social sciences. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11, 335-359.
BRAUN, C.M.J. & BARIBEAU, J. (1985). A link between the social and natural sciences : The case of scientific psychology. Science & Society, 49, 131-158.
GROTE, I. (1997). Natural science has a home. Behavior & Social Issues, 7, 94-98.
LEDOUX, S.F. (2002). Defining natural sciences. Behaviorology Today, 5 (1), 34-36.
INGTHORSSON, R.D. (2013). The natural vs. the human sciences : myth, methodology and ontology. Discusiones Filosócas, 14 (22), 25-41. [PDF]

Voir aussi Sciences
Science descriptive : Science qui n'a pas le pouvoir de modifier son objet d'étude pour mieux le connaître, et qui de ce fait se borne à le décrire en l'observant (EX: le télescope en astrophysique) ou en lui demandant de s'auto-observer (EX: le sondage en politique). /science expérimentale.
   

Voir aussi Sciences
Science discursive : Science ou domaine d'une science dont les critères de vérité s'appuient davantage sur les propriétés du discours (clarté de l'argumentation, cohérence du propos, nuances, etc) que sur la correspondance avec les faits (empirisme) ou la cohérence d'un d'un langage logique (science formelle). EX: Certains domaines de l'histoire et de la philosophie. Historical science.
   
CLELAND, C.E. (2001). Methodological and epistemic differences between historical science and experimental science. Philosophy of Science, 69, 474-496.
SCHARFF, C. (2011). Towards a pluralist methodological approach : combining performativity theory, discursive psychology and theories of affect. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 8 (2), 210-221. [PDF]

Voir aussi Sciences
Science du comportement : Au sens strict, le terme est synonyne de béhaviorisme. Avec le temps, l'expression en est venue à désigner toute discipline qui utilise la méthode scientifique pour étudier le comportement, quel que soit par ailleurs la nature des explications proposées pour rendre compte du comportement. Science of behavior, behavioral sciences.
   
SKINNER, B.F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan Free Press/Simon & Schuster.
SHERIF, M. (1959). Social psychology, anthropology, and the "behavioral sciences. Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 40, 105-112.
SKINNER, B.F. (1975). The steep and thomy way to a science of behavior. American Psychologist, 30, 30-49. [PDF]
KRÄGELOH, C.U. (2006). Pragmatism and a-ontologicalism in a science of behavior. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7 (3), 325-334. [PDF]

Voir aussi Béhaviorisme et Sciences
Science dure/pure : Expression qui s'oppose aux sciences molles ou impures qui, elles, font un usage limité - et parfois critique - de la mathématique et des statistiques. NDLR : Faut-il rappeler que le degré d'exactitude de la mesure n'est pas un critère qui permet de distinguer, de comparer ou même de classer les sciences. Ce terme est donc à proscrire; utilisez l'expression science de la nature. Hard science.


  PRICE, D.J.D. (1970). Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology, and nonscience. In C.E. Nelson & D.K. Pollack (Eds.), Communication among scientists and engineers (pp 155–179). New York : Columbia University Press.

Voir aussi Science inexacte
Science empirique : Toute science dont l'objet d'étude est la nature (physique, animale ou humaine) et qui postule que, pour observer et expliquer cette réalité, il faut utiliser la méthode scientifique. EX: La physique, la sociologie et la psychologie sont des sciences empiriques. = science descriptive, science explicative, science formelle. C-EX: Les mathématiques et la logique ne sont pas des sciences empiques, car leur objet d'étude ne se situe pas dans la réalité, mais plutôt dans le cerveau d'un humain (objet d'étude inventé). ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous.
 
Sciences empiriques
Anthropologie Entomologie Physiologie
Biologie Éthologie Psychologie
Chimie Géographie Science politique
Écologie Histoire Sexologie
Économie Physique Sociologie
 
   
Voir aussi Sciences
Science et Comportement : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude du comportement. Éditeur : Association Scientifique pour la Modification du Comportement.
CHARTRAND, E. et JULIEN, D. (1996). Intégration du couple gai et lesbien dans son réseau social et ajustement conjugal. Science et Comportement, 25, 39-54.
 
Science exacte : Expression qui s'oppose aux sciences inexactes ou molles, qui, elles, font un usage limité - et parfois critique - de la mathématique et des statistiques. NDLR : Faut-il rappeler que le degré d'exactitude de la mesure n'est pas un critère qui permet de distinguer, de comparer ou même de classer les sciences. Ce terme est donc à proscrire. Hard science.


  RESCHER, N. & HELMER, O. (1959). On the epistemology of the inexact sciences. Management Sciences, 6, 25-52.

Voir aussi Science inexacte
Science expérimentale : Toute science qui a le pouvoir de manipuler son objet d'étude ou les états ou les propriétés de cet objet. Cette manipulation a un double rôle : elle permet de mettre en évidence les causes du phénomène à l'étude, tout en accordant au chercheur la capacité de neutraliser les effets contaminants ou parasites des autres facteurs susceptibles d'influencer cet objet d'étude. EX: La psychologie et la biologie sont des sciences expérimentales, mais pas l'histoire (le passé) ou l'astrophysique (les planètes et l'univers). /science descriptive, science formelle. Experimental science.
   
CLELAND, C.E. (2001). Methodological and epistemic differences between historical science and experimental science. Philosophy of Science, 69, 474-496.

Voir aussi Sciences
Science fondamentale : Toute science qui tente de résoudre des problèmes abstraits ou théoriques, par opposition aux sciences qui s'appliquent à résoudre des problèmes concrets. EX: Quels types de mesure favorisent l'apprentissage ? La psychologie et la biologie sont des sciences fondamentales. Basic research.
   
Voir aussi Sciences
Science formelle : Toute science dont les champs d'intérêt ou les problèmes sont créés ou inventés plutôt que donnés (= naturel ou réel par opposition à artificiel) et dont la solution réside dans un raisonnment logico-mathématique. Les sciences formelles sont discursives et non-empirique. La psychologie et la physique ne sont pas des sciences formelles car leur objet d'étude existe en soi. EX: Les mathématiques et certaines branches de la philosophie (logique) sont des sciences formelles car leur objet d'étude - les chiffres et les opérations logiques - sont des inventions humaines, qui n'existent pas en soi. Précisions que certaines branches des mathématiques, comme les statisiques, s'intéresse à la réalité, mais les solutions proposées pour décrire et comparer cette réalité reposer sur les nombres et le raisonnement logico-mathématique. Il ne faut pas confondre la formalisation des connaisances et des théories d'une science empirique (EX: économie, physique) avec le formalisme de l'objet d'étude (nombre, logique, etc). /science empirique. Formal science.
   
Voir aussi Sciences
Sciences humaines : Souvent utilisée comme synonyme de sciences sociales. Cette expression désigne l'ensemble des sciences qui ont l'humain - en tout ou en partie - pour objet d'étude (voir tableau ci-dessous). Au sens strict, cette définition exclut l'ethnologie et la sociologie qui s'intéressent davantage aux groupes humains (cultures, sociétés, etc.) qu'à individu comme tel (à l'exception de l'individualisme méthodologique, une perspective de la sociologie). Elle exclut également de facto les sciences qui étudie les autres animales (éthologie et écologie animale, paléontologie, primatologie, etc.). En pratique, «science humaine» et «science sociale» sont souvent considérées comme synonymes. NDLR : Dans ce cas, pourquoi ne pas utiliser l'expression sciences du vivant pour désigner l'ensemble de ces sciences ? Cette expression aurait l'avantage d'inclure toutes les espèces et de rappeler les liens étroits qui unissent la psychologie, l'anthropologie et la biologie à ses théories (théorie synthétique de l'évolution, nomenclature des espèces, etc.). = sciences sociales. Human science.
 
Sciences humaines
Anthropologie   Psychologie
Biologie Géographie Science politique
Écologie Histoire Sexologie
Économie Physiologie Sociologie
 
   
TEO, T. (2012). Psychology is still a problematic science and the public knows it. American Psychologist, 67 (12), 807-808.
INGTHORSSON, R.D. (2013). The natural vs. the human sciences : myth, methodology and ontology. Discusiones Filosócas, 14 (22), 25-41. [PDF]

Voir aussi Sciences
Sciences Humaines : Revue de vulgarisation scientifique.
 
 
Science idiographique : Conception de la science qui se donne pour but d'étudier et de comprendre les phénomènes singuliers, unique ou non-récurrent que l'on nomme idosyncrasie. /science nomothétique. Idiographic science.
   
RUSHTON, J.P., JACKSON, D.N. & PAUNONEN, S.V. (1981). Personality : Nomothtic or idiographic ? A response to Kenrick and Stringfield. Psychological Review, 88 (6), 582-589. [PDF]
CONE, J.D. (1986). Idiographic, nomothetic, and related perspectives in behavioral assessment. In R.O. Nelson & S.C. Hayes (Eds.), Conceptual foundations of behavioral assessment (pp. 111-128). New York : Guilford.
CARR, E.G., YARBROUGH, S.C. & LANGDON, N.A. (1997). Effects of idiosyncratic stimulus variables on functional analysis outcomes. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30 (4), 673-685. [PDF]
STRICKER, G. & GOLD, J.R. (1999). The Rorschach : Toward a nomothetically based, idiographically applicable configurational model. Psychological Assessment, 11 (3), 240-250.
THOMAE, H. (1999). The nomothetic-idiographic issue : Some roots and recent trends. International Journal of Group Tensions, 28 (1), 187-215.
MOLENAAR, P.C.M. (2004). A manifesto on psychology as idiographic science : Bringing the person back into scientific psychology, this time forever. Measurement : Interdisciplinary Research & Perspectives, 2 (4), 201-218. [PDF]

Voir aussi Sciences et Nomothétique
Science inexacte : Expression qui désigne les sciences empiriques qui utilisent peu ou pas la logique et les mathématiques. /science formelle. Inexact science.
   
RESCHER, N. & HELMER, O. (1959). On the epistemology of the inexact sciences. Management Sciences, 6, 25-52.
 
Voir aussi Sciences et Science exacte
Science molle : Science impure : Voir Science pure. Soft science.
Science naturelle : Voir Science de la nature. Natural science.
Science nomothétique : Conception de la science qui se donne pour objectif d'établir des lois et des théories à partir de l'observation de phénomènes réguliers et récurrents que l'on cherche à expliquer. /science idiographique. Nomothetic science.
   
RUSHTON, J.P., JACKSON, D.N. & PAUNONEN, S.V. (1981). Personality : Nomothtic or idiographic ? A response to Kenrick and Stringfield. Psychological Review, 88 (6), 582-589. [PDF]
STRICKER, G. & GOLD, J.R. (1999). The Rorschach : Toward a nomothetically based, idiographically applicable configurational model. Psychological Assessment, 11 (3), 240-250.
THOMAE, H. (1999). The nomothetic-idiographic issue : Some roots and recent trends. International Journal of Group Tensions, 28 (1), 187-215.
Voir aussi Nomothétique et Sciences
Science normale : Expression proposée par Kuhn pour désigner une science paradigmatique c-à-d une science qui possède un ensemble de théories logiquement complémentaires et une méthode commune qui permettent d'expliquer l'ensemble des faits de cette discipline. EX: La biologie est une science normale car l'ensemble des faits biologiques est expliquée à la lumière de la théorie synthétique de l'évolution (génétique des populations, génétique mendélienne, sélection naturelle, théorie de l'ADN). La psychologie n'est pas une science normale car plusieurs théories contradictoires coexistent en son sein (cognitivisme, neurocognitivisme, béhaviorisme, humanisme, psychanalyse, etc.). /science révolutionnaire, révolution scientifique. Normal science.
   
KUHN, T.S. (1962/1983). The structure of scientific revolutions / La structure des révolutions scientifiques. Chicago : University of Chicago/Paris : Flammarion. MORIER, D. & KEEPORTS, D. (1994). Normal science and the paranormal : The effect of a scientific method course on students' beliefs in the paranormal. Research in Higher Education, 35, 443-453.
POPPER, K. (1970). Normal science and its dangers. In I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge (pp. 51-58). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. MICHELL, J. (2000). Normal science, pathological science and psychometrics. Theory & Psychology, 10, 639-667. [PDF]
TOULMIN, S. (1970). Does the distinction between normal and revolutionary science hold water ? In I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge (pp. 132-133). London & New York : Cambridge University Press. NICKLES, T. (2003). Normal science : From logic to case-based and model-based reasoning. In T. Nickles (Ed.), Thomas Kuhn (pp. 142-177). Cambridge University Press.
WEIMER, W.B. & PALERMO, D.S. (1973). Paradigms and normal science in psychology. Science Studies, 3, 211-244. WORRALL, J. (2003). Normal science and dogmatism, paradigms and progress : Kuhn "versus" Popper and Lakatos. In T. Nickles (Ed.), Thomas Kuhn (pp. 65-100). Cambridge University Press.
KUHN, T.S. (1977/90). The essential tension / La tension essentielle : Tradition et changement dans les Sciences. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.  

Voir aussi Sciences, Paradigmatique et Révolution scientifique
Science ouverte : Voir Science publique. Open science.
Science politique : Sciences politiques : Voir Politique. Political science.
Science publique : Il ne s'agit pas d'un type de science, mais d'un mouvement qui milite en faveur d'une science plus transparente et publique. EX : Rendre disponible les résultats de sa recherche à d'autres chercheurs afin qu'ils puissent les analyser. = science ouverte. Open science.
   
OPEN SCIENCE COLLABORATION (2015). Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science. Science, 349 (6251)
OPEN SCIENCE COLLABORATION (2017). Maximizing the reproducibility of your research. In S.O. Lilienfeld & I.D. Waldman (Eds.), Psychological science under scrutiny : Recent challenges and proposed solutions. New York : Wiley.

Voir aussi Sciences
Science pure : S'oppose aux sciences dites «impures», molles ou inexactes qui font un usage plus restreint de la mathématique ou de la méthode expérimentale. NDLR : Le recours à l'expérimentation et aux mathématiques n'est pas vraiement un critère de "pureté" qui permet de distinguer ou de classer les sciences. À titre d'exemple, l'astronomie, une branche de la physique, utilise peu l'expérimentation; idem pour la botanique, une branche de la biologique, dont les connaissances sont formalisées (classement) mais peu mathématisé. Cette expression est donc à proscrire. Utiliser plutôt science expérimentale ou science formelle, selon le cas. = science dure. Hard science, soft science.
   
PRICE, D.J.D. (1970). Citation measures of hard science, soft science, technology, and nonscience. In C.E.Nelson & D.K. Pollack (Eds.), Communication among scientists and engineers (pp 155–179). New York : Columbia University Press.
HEDGES, L.V. (1987). How hard is hard science, how soft is soft science ? The empirical cumulativeness of research. American Psychologist, 42 (5), 443-455.

Voir aussi Sciences
Sciences religieuses : Expression utilisée au Québec pour désigner un programme d'étude de l'histoire des religions offert par l'UQÀM.
   
Voir aussi Sciences
Sciences sociales : Souvent utilisé comme synonyme de sciences humaines. Désigne l'ensemble des sciences qui ont la société Ou de tout plus petit groupe) ou les aspects sociaux du comportement humain pour objet d'étude. Au sens strict, cette définition exclut plusieurs branches de la psychologie qui s'intéressent davantage aux individus et à leurs propriétés (apprentissage, émotions, intelligence, etc.) qu'aux comportements sociaux ou au fonctionnement des groupes humains. = sciences humaines. Social science, social studies.
   
ALLPORT, F.H. (1925). The psychological bases of social science. Psychological Bulletin, 22, 561-574. [LIRE] LOFTUS, G.R. (1991). On the tyranny of hypothesis testing in the social sciences. Contemporary Psychology, 36, 102-105.
JOHNSON, H.M. (1936). Pseudo-mathematics in the mental and social sciences. American Journal of Psychology, 48, 342-351. [LIRE] DOGAN, M. et PAHRE R. (1991). L'innovation dans les sciences sociales : La marginalité créatrice. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
  SAXE, D.W. (1992). Framing a theory for social studies foundations. Review of Educational Research, 62 (3), 259-277.
  SAYER, A. (1992). Method in social science : A realist approach. London : Routledge.
HAYEK, F. (1952/91). Scientisme et sciences sociales. Paris : Plon/Agora. MALIA, N. (1994). Value neutrality of sociale sciences. Indian Philosophical Quarterly, 21 (4), 297-306. [PDF]
WINCH, P. (1959). The idea of a social science. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul. COOPER, H.M., DORR, N. & BETTENCOURT, B.A. (1995). Putting to rest some old notions about social science. American Psychologist, 50, 11-112.
LAZARSFELD, P.F. (1959). Philosophie des sciences sociales. Paris : Gallimard. BUNGE, M. (1996). Finding philosophy in social science. New Haven & London : Yale University Press.
JARVIE, I.C. (1964). Review of Robert Brown’s explanation in social science. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 15, 62-72. GRAVITZ, M. (1997). Méthodes des sciences sociales. Dalloz/Coll. Précis.
COMTE, A. (1972). La science sociale. Paris : Gallimard. LACEY, H. (1997). Neutrality in the social sciences. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 27, 213-241.
 POPKEWITZ, T.S. (1976). Myths of social science in Curriculum. The Educational Forum, 40 (3), 317-328. BUNGE, M. (1998). Social science under debate : A philosophical perspective. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
SHAFFER, L.S. (1977). The golden fleece : Anti-intellectualism and social science. American Psychologist, 32, 814-823. FINE, B. (1999). A question of economics : is it colonising the social sciences ? Economy & Society, 28 (3), 403-425.
LURIA, A. (1977). On the role of psychology among social and biological science. Voprosy Philosophii, 9, 68-76. LE HUU, K. (2000). Liens méthodologiques et parenté épistémologique entre les sciences sociales. Presses universitaires du Septentrion.
McGRATH, J.E. (1980). Social science, social action, and the Journal of Social Issues. Journal of Social Issues, 36 (4), 109-124. LAMONT, M. & MOLNAR, V. (2002). The study of boundaries in the social sciences. Annual Review of Sociology, 28, 167–195.
KNORR CETINA, K.D. (1981). Social and scientific method or what do we make of the distinction between the natural and the social sciences. Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 11, 335-359. [PDF] BOLLACHI, G. (2004). On "social sciences" and science. Behavior & Philosophy, 32, 465-478. [PDF]
LAW, J. & LODGE, P. (1984). Science for social scientists. London : Macmillan. McINTYRE, L.C. (2004). Redescription and descriptivism in the sociale sciences. Behavior & Philosophy, 32, 453-464. [PDF]
BRAUN, C.M.J. & BARIBEAU, J. (1985). A link between the social and natural sciences : The case of scientific psychology. Science & Society, 49, 131-158.  WARREN, J.P. & GINGRAS, Y. (2007). Job market boom and gender tide. The rise of Canadian social sciences in the 20th century. Scientia Canadensis, 30 (2), 5-21.
CAMPBELL, D. (1986). Science's social system of validity-enhancing collective belief change and the problems of the social sciences. In D. Fiske & R. Shweder (Eds.), Metatheory in social science (pp. 108-135). Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press. KASOMO, D. (2011). Contemporary method to study humanities and social sciences. International Journal of Psychology & Behavioral Sciences, 1 (1), 55-62. [PDF]
HABERMAS, J. (1987). Logique des sciences sociales et autres essais. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. DESCARRIES, F. (2014). Language is not neutral : The construction of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities. Signs : Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 7 (3), 564-569.
WILCOX, B. (1987). Pornography, social science, and politics : When research and ideology collide. American Psvchologist, 42, 941-943.
LATANÉ, B. (1987). Social science should invest in infrastructure. Social Science, 72, 1-16.  
MEEKER, B.F. & HAGE, J. (1988). Social causality. Allen and Unwin.  

Voir aussi Science humaine et Sciences
Science spectacle : Science "de surface", pratiquée par des individus qui connaissent toutes les formules scientifiques pour contredire un argument et convaincre autrui, mais dont le discours, ultimement, ne repose sur aucune donnée, aucun fait (ou si peu). Les tenants de cette pseudo-science, généralement de bons orateurs, sont souvent invités à la TV ou à la radio en raison de leur éloquence. = scientifique de façade, grand parleur, orateur de pacotille, Intello en pédalo.
   
Voir aussi Sciences
Scientia Paedagogia Experimentalis : Voir Revue Internationale de Pedagogie Experimentale.

CRAHAY, M. (1998). Notre école offre-t-elle à tous les mêmes occasions d'apprendre ? Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis, 35 (2), 381-418.
 
Scientific American Mind : Revue de vulgarisation scientifique.
STANOVICH, K.E. (2009). The thinking that IQ tests miss. Scientific American Mind, 20 (6), 34-39. [PDF]
 
Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine & Aberrant Medical Practices : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui examine et vérifie les thérapies et les pratiques qui semblent irrationelles ou fondées sur des théories farfelues ou dites alternatives.
BEYERSTEIN, B.L. & DOWNIE, S. (1998). Naturopathy. The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine, 1 (2), 10-18.
 
Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice : Revue scientifique de santé mentale. Éditeur : Center for Inquiry.
ABRAMOWITZ, J.S. & HOUTS, A.C. (2002). What is OCD and what is not : Problems with the OCD spectrum concept. Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1, 139-156.
 
Scientific Studies of Reading : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire. Éditeur : Taylor & Francis.
HARM, M.W., McCANDLISS, B.D. & SEIDENBERG, M.S. (2003). Modelling the successes and failures of interventions for disabled readers. Scientific Studies of Reading, 7, 155-182.
 
Scientificité : La science s'intéresse à tout, absolument tout. Cependant, ce qui la distingue des autres forrmes de savoir, c'est davantage sa démarche d'acquisition des connaissances que l'on nomme méthode scientifique que la nature de ses objets d'étude. Il s'agit d'un ensemble de principes (voir ci-dessous) qui, de concert avec les postulats du modèle scientifique standard (MSS), permettent, d'une part, de distinguer l'activité scientifique d'autres formes d'activités intellectuelles (art, littérature, religion, tradition, etc.) et, d'autre part, de hierarchiser la qualité du savoir produit par la recherches; des meilleurses (state of the art) jusqu'au moins moins bonnes, voire douteuses (Questionable research practices). On dira donc qu'une activité est scientifique si, et seulement si, cette dernière recourt à la méthode et que son degré de scientificité varie en fonction du respect plus ou moins grand de ces principes. Scientificité, biais scientifique et vertus épistémiques. = critères de scientificité, standard scientifique, principes scientifiques, nature scientifique. /tricherie en science. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous.
 
Principe et Critères de scientificité
Sciences empiriques Sciences formelles
Autocorrection des erreurs Autocorrection des erreurs
Cohérence interne Cohérence interne
Source scientifique Sources scientifiques
Citer ses sources Citer ses sources
Communiquer ses résultats Communiquer ses résultats
Critique par les pairs Critique par les pairs
Empirisme Formalisme
Indépendance de la recherche
Neutralisation des facteurs pararasites Indépendance de la recherche
Observabilité  
Reproductibilité des faits -
Vérification des hypothèses Preuve/Démonstration
 

 
WOODWARD, J. & GOODSTEIN, D. (1996). Conduct, misconduct and the structure of science. American Scientist, 84 (5), 479-491. [PDF] + [PDF]
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (2008). Reporting standards for research in psychology : Why do we need them ? What might they be ? [PDF]
YOUNG, N.S., IOANNIDIS, J.P.A. & AL-UBAYDI, O. (2008). Why current publication practices may distort science. Plos Medicine, 5 (10), 1418-1422. [PDF]
NEUROSKEPTIC (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives in Psychological Science, 7, 643-644.
FIEDLER, K. & SCHWARZ, N. (2016). Questionable research practices revisited. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 7, 45-52.
McINTYRE, L. (2019). The scientific attitude. Cambridge : MIT Press.


Voir aussi Vertu épistémique, Biais scientifique, Marchandisation de la connaissance, MSS et Éthique en science
 
Scientifique : Qui relève de la science. Scientific.
Scientifique (Anti-) : Voir Antiscience. Rejection of science, antiscience.
Scientifique (Crédibilité) : Voir Science (Crédibilité). Scientific credibility.
Scientifique (Progrès) : Voir Science (Progrès). Scientific progress.
Scientifique (Raisonnement) : Voir Pensée scientifique et Raisonnement scientifique. Scientific reasoning, scientific thinking.
Scientifique (Révolution) : Voir Révolution scientifique. Scientific revolution.
Scientifiques (Stratégies) : Voir Chercheur (Stratégie).
Scientifines (Les) : Groupe de soutien fondé par Chamberland, Garon, Théorêt et Roy, qui vise, par la promotion des sciences, le développement de différentes habiletés (intellectuelles, manuelles, etc.) auprès de jeunes filles provenant de milieux défavorisés.
   
CHAMBERLAND, C., THÉORÊT, M., GARON, R. et ROY, D. (1995). Les Scientifines en action : conception, implantation et évolution. Montréal : Université de Montréal.
THÉORÊT, M. et GARON, R. (2003). Les représentations des intervenantes des "Scientifines" sur le développement des femmes, la science et le pouvoir. In L. Lafortune et C. Solar (Dirs.), Les femmes face à de nouveaux défis : mathématiques, sciences et technologies. Montréal : Presses de l’Université du Québec.
Scientisme : Doctrine philosophique qui postule que la science résoudra un jour tous les problèmes intellectuels et moraux qui relevaient autrefois de la philosophie ou de la religion. NDLR : Cette conception, un peu naïve diront certains, oublie ou néglige le fait que la science est une activité sociale comme les autres et que, à ce titre, elle est soumise aux influences politiques et économiques de son époque (sous-financement des universités, financement accru de l'armée, caprices des organismes subventionaires, lubies des philantropes, course aux Nobels et privatisation/marchandisation du savoir). La science ne cherche donc pas à résoudre tous les problèmes. Sa quête est plutôt orientée vers des problèmes socialement ou économiquement rentables. Serait-elle capable potentiellement de résoudre tous les problèmes qu'elle ne s'y emploierait sans doute pas. La vérité, c'est que pour faire de la science, il faut de l'argent, et que là ou il n'y a pas ou peu d'argent, il y a souvent très peu de science. Cela dit, la quantité de problèmes que la science est parvenue à résoudre, avec ou sans argent, est colossale, et le mot n'est pas trop fort... Scientism.
   
NASH, M.R. (2005). The importance of being earnest when crafting definitions : Science and scientism are not the same thing. International Journal of Clinical & Experimental Hypnosis, 53 (3), 265-280. [PDF]
GASPAROUTOU, R. (2017). Scientism and scientific thinking. Science & Education, 26, 799-812.
Scientométrie : Science, fondée par Garfield, qui étudie et mesure l'activité scientifique. Le premier organisme créée pour mesurer cette activité - notamment sous forme d'information - est l'Institut for Scientific Information (ISI), en 1958. = bibliométrie, bibliothéconomie, science de l'information. Informetrics, bibliometric analysis, iinformation science.
   
GARFIELD, E. (1989). Delayed recognition in scientific discovery : citation frequency analysis aids the search for case histories. Current Contents, 23, 3-9. CRONIN, B. (2001). Bibliometrics and beyond : some thoughts on Web-based citation analysis. Journal of Information Science, 27, 1-7.
  VAN RAAN, A.F. . (2001). Bibliometrics and Internet: some observations and expectations. Scientometrics, 50, 59-63.
EGGHE, L. & ROUSSEAU, R. (1990). Introduction to informetrics. New York : Elsevier Science Pub. BAR-ILAN, J. (2001). Data collection methods on the Web for informetric purposes — a review and analysis. Scientometrics, 50, 7-32.
HARTER, S.P. (1992). Psychological relevance and information science. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 43, 602-615 BORGMAN, C.L. & FURNER, J. (2002). Scholarly communication and bibliometrics. In Annual review of information science and technology, 36 (pp. 3-72). Medford, NJ : Information Today
BAR-ILAN, J. (1997). The "mad cow disease", usenet newsgroups and bibliometric laws. Scientometrics, 39 (1), 29-55.  
ALLMIND, T.C. & INGWERSEN, P. (1997). Informetric analyses on the World Wide Web : methodological approaches to "Webometrics". Journal of Documentation, 53, 404-426. BORNMANN, L. & MUTZ, R. (2015). Growth rate of modern science : a bibliometric analysis based on the number of publications and cited references. Journal of the Association for Information Science & Technology, 66, 2215-2222.
GARFIELD, E. (1998). From citation indexes to informetrics : Is the tail now wagging the dog ? International Journal of Libraries & Information Studies, 48 (2), 67-80. CHEN, C. (2018). Eugene Garfield's scholarly impact : A scientometric review. Scientometrics, 114 (2), 489-516. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Garfield, Article scientifique, Article-bidon, Publier ou Périr et Indice d'influence scientifique
Scissure de Rolando : Voir Sillon central. Rolandic fissure, central sulcus.
Sciutto Mark J. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude et le traitement du trouble du déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité.
SCIUTTO, M.J. (1995). Student-centered methods for decreasing anxiety and increasing interest level in introductory statistics classes. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22, 277-280.
SCIUTTO, M.J. (2000). Teachers' knowledge and misperceptions of Attention-Deficit/hyperactivity. Psychology in the Schools, 37 (2), 115-122.
SCIUTTO, M.J. (2002). The method and statistics methods portfolio : A resource for the introductory course and beyond. Teaching of Psychology, 29, 213-215.
SCIUTTO, M.J., NOLFI, C.J. & BLUHM, C.A. (2004). Effects of child gender and symptom type on elementary school teachers’ referrals for ADHD. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 12, 247-253.
SCIUTTO, M.J. & EISENBERG, M. (2007). Evaluating the evidence for and against the overdiagnosis of ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11 (2), 106-113.
Sclérose : Sclérosé : Qualifie un individu ou un groupe qui refuse ou accepte difficilement le changement, en dépit des avantage certains et évidents de ce changement. Sclérose et résistance au changement.


 
Sclérose en plaques : Maladie dégénérative du système nerveux. Multiple sclerosis, sclerosis.
   
OUELLET, J., SCHERZER, P.B. & ROULEAU, I. (2010). Assessment of social cognition in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16 (2), 287-296.
ROULEAU, I., DAGENAIS, E., TREMBLAY, A., DEMERS, M., ROGER, É, JOBIN, C. & DUQUETTE P. (2018). Prospective memory impairment in multiple sclerosis : a review. Clinical Neuropsychology, 32 (5), 922-936.
Scoboria Alan Raymond (1972-2019) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude des croyances, de la mémoire autobiographique et des faux souvenirs. Collaborateur de Howe, Kirsch, Lynn, Loftus, Mazzoni et Otgaar.
SCOBORIA, A., MAZZONI, G., KIRSCH, I. & RELYEA, M. (2004). Plausibility and belief in autobiographical memory. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18, 791-807.
SCOBORIA, A., LYNN, S.J., HESSEN, J. & FISICO, S. (2007). So that's why I don't remember : Normalising forgetting of childhood events influences false autobiographical beliefs but not memories. Memory, 15, 801-813.
SCOBORIA, A., MAZZONI, G. & JARRY, J.L. (2008). Suggesting childhood food illness results in reduced eating behavior. Acta Psychologica, 128, 304-309.
SCOBORIA, A., MAZZONI, G., JARRY, J.L. & SHAPERO, D. (2012). Implausibility inhibits but does not eliminate false autobiographical beliefs. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 259-267.
SCOBORIA, A., JACKSON, D.L., TALARICO, J., HANCZAKOWSKI, M., WYSMAN, L. & MAZZONI, G. (2014). The role of belief in occurrence within autobiographical memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 143, 1242-1258.
HENKEL, L.A., MEMON, A. & KORCSOG, K. (2019). Alan Raymond Scoboria (1972-2019) : A remembrance. Journal of Applied Research in Memory & Cognition, 8 (4), 494-495. [PDF]
Scopolamine : Scopolamine.
 
WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S. & HINCHLIFFE, R.M. (1997). Scopolamine- or mecamylamine-induced learning impairment : Reversed by nefiracetam. Psychopharmacology, 131, 130-139.
PAK, J.T., GREEN, J.T., PAK, J.T., HEIFETS, B., PAK, M.H. & WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S. (2002). Nefiracetam ameliorates associative learning impairment in the scopolamine-injected rabbit. Medical Science Monitor, 8, 105-112.
WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S., GREEN, J.T., PAK, J.T., HEIFETS, B. & PAK, M.H. (2002). The effect of scopolamine in older rabbits tested in the 750 ms delay eyeblink classical conditioning procedure. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 37, 103-113.
Scolaire : Qui concerne l'école, l'enseignement et la scolarisation. NDLR : Le mot académique n'est pas synonyme de scolaire. On l'utilise souvent en anglais pour qualifier l'enseignement supérieur (collège et université). En français, le mot académique renvoie plutôt à un style conventionnel (qui a fait école), mais englué dans le passé; Il a donc, en ce un sens, une connotation péjorative (je dis léger car il y a du bon dans le passé; dans certains domaines, le passé a même beaucoup d'avenir...) Academic.
   
Scolarisation : Scolariser : Processus formel et systématique de transmission et d'acquisition de connaissances et d'habiletés scolaires (cognitives et sociales), qui se déroule généralement à l'école, dans une classe, dans laquelle une personne qui sait (maître, professeur, enseignant, éducateur, tuteur, mentor, etc.) enseigne à une personne qui ignore (élève, apprenti, apprenant, étudiant, collégien, universitaire, doctorant, thésard, etc.) ce que l'on sait et surtout ce que l'on doit savoir (connaissances, habiletés, règles, etc.) d'une domaine particulier (sciences, arts, techniques) au moyen d'une ou de plusieurs méthodes pédagogiques. La fréquentation et l'accessibilité aux études, la persévérance des étudiants et l'efficacité des méthodes d'apprentissage sont de grands enjeux de ce domaine. = éducation, enseignement. Schooling.
   
WELCH, F. (1966). Measurement of the quality of schooling. AEA Papers & Proceedings, 56, 379-92. GOOD, T.L. (2000). Non-subject matter outcomes of schooling : Introduction. Elementary School Journal, 100 (5), 405-407.
PARKER, D.H. (1970). Schooling for what ? New York : McGraw-Hill. GROUX, H. (2001). Literacy, ideology, & the politics of schooling.Theory and resistance ineducation : Towards a pedagogy for the opposition. Westport : Bergin & Garvey.
JENKS, C. (1972). Inequality : A reassessment of the effect of family and schooling in America. New York : Basic Books. MEECE, J.L. & KURTZ-COSTES, B. (2001). Introduction : The schooling of ethnic minority children and youth. Educational Psychologist, 36, (1), 1-7.
  MILLER, P., MULVEY, C. & MARTIN, N. (2002). Genetic and environmental contributions to educational attainment in Australia. Economics of Education Review, 20, 211–224.
WELCH, F. (1973). Black-White differences in returns to schooling. A.E.R., 63, 893-907.  PACKER, M. (2001). The problem of transfer, and the sociocultural critique of schooling. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 10, 493-514.
BOWLES, S. & GINTIS, H. (1976). Schooling in capitalist America : Education reform and the contradictions of economic life. New York : Basic Books.  BAKER, D.P., AKIBA, M., LETENDRE, G.K. & WISEMAN, A.W. (2001). Worldwide shadow education : Outside-school learning, institutional quality of schooling, and cross-national mathematics achievement. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 23 (1), 1-17.
SUMMERS, A.A. & WOLFE, B.L. (1977). Do schools make a difference ? American Economic Review, 67, 639-652.  BAKER, D.P., AKIBA, M., LETENDRE, G.K. & WISEMAN, A.W. (2001). Worldwide shadow education : Outside-school learning, institutional quality of schooling, and cross-national mathematics achievement. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 23 (1), 1-17.
WAGNER, D.A. (1978). Memories of Morocco : The influences of age, schooling, and environment on memory. Cognitive Psychology, 10, 1-28. DUFLO, E. (2010). Schooling and labor market consequences of school construction in Indonesia : evidence from an unusual policy experiment. American Economic Review, 91 (4), 795-813. [PDF]
BEHRMAN, J.R. & BIRDSALL, N. (1983). Tthe quality of schooling : quantity alone is misleading. American Economic Review 73, 928-946. ZEIDNER, M., ROBERTS, R. & MATTEWS, G. (2002). Can emotional intelligence be schooled ? A critical review. Educational Psychologist, 37, 215-231.
BEHRMAN, J.R. & TAUBMAN, P. (1986). Birth order, schooling, an dearnings. Journal of Labor Economics, 4 (3), 121-145. WEINSTEIN, R.S. (2002). Overcoming inequality in schooling : A call to action for community psychology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 21-42.
OVER, R. (1988). Does scholarly impact decline with age ? Scientometrics, 13, 215–223.
LIEBERMAN, D.A., CHAFFEE, S.H. & ROBEERTS, D.F. (1988). Computers, mass media, and schooling : Functional equivalence in uses of new media. Social Science Computer Review, 6, 224-241. CARNEIRO, P. & HECKMAN, J.J. (2002). The evidence on credit constraints in post- secondary schooling. Economic Journal, 112 (482), 705-734.
GREER, R.D., McCORKLE, N.P. & WILLIAMS, G. (1989). A sustained analysis of the behaviors of schooling. Behavioral Residential Treatment, 4, 113-141. VRASIDAS, C., ZEMBYLAS, M. & CHAMBERLAIN, R. (2003). Complexities in the evaluation of distance education and virtual schooling. Educational Media International, 40 (3/4), 201-208. [PDF]
BEHRMAN, J.R. & TAUBMAN, P. (1989). Is schooling "mostly in the genes" ? Nature-nurture decomposition using data on relatives. Journal of Political Economy, 97 (6), 1425-1446.

CAHAN, S. & COHEN, N. (1989). Age versus schooling effects on intelligence development. Child Development, 60, 1239-1249. [PDF] CAMERON, S. & TABER, C. (2004). Estimation of educational borrowing constraints using returns to schooling. Journal of Political Economy, 112 (1), 132-182.
CHAB, F. (1991). Schooling without learning : Thirty years of cheating in high school. Adolescence, 26, 61-69. RAUDENBUSH, S.W. (2005). Learning from attempts to improve schooling : The contribution of methodology. Educational Researcher, 34 (5), 25-31.
HATTIE J.A. (1992). Towards a model of schooling : A synthesis of meta-analyses. Australian Journal of Education, 36, 5-13. HEARD, H.E. (2007). Fathers, mothers and family structure: Family trajectories, parent gender and adolescent schooling. Journal of Marriage & Family, 69 (2), 435-450.
HATTIE, J.A. (1992). measuring the effects of schooling. Australian Journal of Education, 36 (1), 5-13. CROSNOE, R. & HUSTON, A.C. (2007). Socioeconomic status, schooling, and the developmental trajectories of adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1097-1110.
ASHENFLETER, O. & KRUEGER, A. (1994). Estimates of the economic return to schooling from a new sample of twins. American Economic Review, 84 (5), 1157-1173. AMIN, V., BERHMAN, J.R. & KOHLER, H.-P. (2007). Schooling has smaller or insignificant effects on adult health in the US than suggested by cross-sectional associations: New estimates using relatively large samples of identical twins. Social Science & Medicine, 127, 181-189. [PDF]
FERREIRA, F. & MORRISON, F.J. (1994). Children’s metalinguistic knowledge of syntactic constituents : Effects of age and schooling. Developmental Psychology, 30, 663-678. MAGNUSON, K.A., SEXTON, H., DAVIS-KEAN, P.E. & HUSTON, A.C. (2009). Increases in maternal education and young children's language skills. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 55, 319-350.
CECI, S.J. & WILLIAMS, W.M. (1997). Schooling, intelligence, and income. American Psychologist, 52, 1051-1058. GRIESHABER, S. (2009). Equity and quality in the early years of schooling. Curriculum Perspectives, 29 (1), 91-97. [PDF]
BEHRMAN, J.R. & ROSENWEIG, M.R. (1997). "Ability" biases in schooling returns and twins : A test and new estimates(1997). PARC Working Paper Series. 61[PDF] BEHRMAN, J.R., KOHLER, H.-P., JENSEN, V.M., PEDERSEN, D., PETERSEN, I., BINGLEY, P. & CHRISTENSEN, K. (2011). Does schooling reduce hospitalization and delay mortality ? New evidence based on Danish twins. Demography, 48 (4), 1347-1375.
  LABAREE, D.F. (2012). School syndrome: Understanding the USA’s magical belief that schooling can somehow improve society, promote access, and preserve advantage. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 44 (2), 143-163.
  WEINSTEIN, R.S. (2012). Nurturing human potential in the context of schooling : The legacy of Seymour B. Sarason. Journal of Community Psychology, 40, 203-205.
PARIS, S.G. & WELLMAN, H.M. (1998). Global prospects for education : Development, culture, and schooling. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association. AMIN, V., BERHMAN, J.R. & SPECTOR, T.D. (2013). Does more schooling improve health outcomes and health related behaviors ? Evidence from U.K. twins. Economics of Education Review, 35 (C), 134-148.
  LABAREE, D.F. (2014). Schooling in the United States : Historical analyses. In D.C. Phillips (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational theory and philosophy (pp. 740-43). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
GOOD, T.L. (1999). The purposes of schooling in America. Elementary School Journal, 99 (5), 383-391. BEHRMAN, J.R., XIONG, Y. & ZHANG, J. (2015). Cross-sectional schooling-health associations misrepresented causal schooling effects on adult health and health-related behaviors : Evidence from the Chinese Adults Twins Survey. Social Science & Medicine, 127, 190-197. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Système d'éducation, Enseigner, Apprentissage, École et Classe
 
Scolarisé : Évaluation officielle de la scolarisation individuelle, qui varie selon les pays.
   
Scolastique : Philosophie qui emprunte à la philosophie grecque et à la théologie chretienne du Moyen-âge. = Philosophie médiévale.
   
Scopolamine : Scopolamine.
 
WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S. & HINCHLIFFE, R.M. (1997). Scopolamine- or mecamylamine-induced learning impairment : Reversed by nefiracetam. Psychopharmacology, 131, 130-139.
PAK, J.T., GREEN, J.T., PAK, J.T., HEIFETS, B., PAK, M.H. & WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S. (2002). Nefiracetam ameliorates associative learning impairment in the scopolamine-injected rabbit. Medical Science Monitor, 8, 105-112.
WOODRUFF-PAK, D.S. GREEN, J.T., PAK, J.T., HEIFETS, B. & PAK, M.H. (2002). The effect of scopolamine in older rabbits tested in the 750 ms delay eyeblink classical conditioning procedure. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science, 37, 103-113.
Score : Résultat que l'on obtient à la suite d'une évaluation. Il peut s'agir d'un score dans un test psychologique ou dans un examen scolaire. = résultat. Score.
   
Scott
John Paul Scott Peter Dale Scott Walter Dill Scott
Sally S. Scott   Judith Scott-Clayton
 
Scott John Paul (1909-2000) : Zoologiste américain et spécialiste de l'étude du chien.
SCOTT, J.P. & FULLER, J.L. (1965). Genetics and the social behaviour of the dog. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
SCOTT, J.P., SHEPARD, J.H. & WERBOFF, J. (1967). Inhibitory training in dogs : Effects of age at traininq in basenjis and Shetland sheepdogs. Journal of Psychology, 66, 237-252.
SCOTT, J.P. (1967). The evolution of social behavior in dogs and wolves. American Zoologist, 7 (2), 373-381.
SCOTT, J.P. (1968). Evolution and domestication of the dog. Evolutionary Biology, 2, 243-275.
SCOTT, J.P. (1980). The domestic dog : A case of multiple identities. In M.H. Roy (Ed.), Species identity and attachment : A phylogenetic evaluation. New York : Garland STPM.
Scott Sally S. ( ) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de la déficience mentale. Elle s'intéresse également à l'inclusion scolaire et à la pédagogie universelle et différenciée. Collaboratrice de Mcguire.
SCOTT, S. & GREGG, N. (2000). Meeting the evolving education needs of faculty in providing access for college students with LD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33 (2), 158-167.
SCOTT, S. & McGUIRE, J. (2001). Universal design for Instruction : orientation materials. Storrs, CT : Univeristy of Connecticut.
SCOTT, S., LOEWEN, G., FUNKES, C. & KROEGER, S. (2003). Implementing univeral design in higher education : moving beyond the built environment. Journal of Postsecondary Education & Disability, 16 (2), 78-79.
SCOTT, S., McGUIRE, J. & FOLEY, T.E. (2003). Universal design for Instruction : A framework for anticipating and responding to disability and other diverse learning needs in the college classroom. Equity & Excellence in Education, 36, 40-49.
SCOTT, S., McGUIRE, J. & SHAW, S. (2003). Universal design for instruction : A new paradigm for adult instruction in postsecondary education. Remedial & Special Education, 24 (6), 369-379.
Scott Peter Dale (Montréal 1929-) : Politologue américain, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la militarisation, du traffic international de drogue, des opérations secrètes et de l'état profond.
SCOTT, P.D. (1977). Crime and cover-up : The CIA, the mafia, and the Dallas-Watergate connection. Ramparts Pres.
SCOTT, P.D. (1993). Deep politics and the death of JFK. University of California Press.
SCOTT, P.D. (2003). Drugs oil and war. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
SCOTT, P.D. (2007). The road to 9/11 : Wealth, empire and the future of America. University of California Press.
SCOTT, P.D. (2012). American war machine: Deep politics, the CIA global drug connection, and the road to Afghanistan. / La Machine de guerre américaine : La politique profonde, la CIA, la drogue, l'Afghanistan. Montréal : Éditions Demi-Lune.
Scott Walter Dill (1869-1955) : Psychologue américain et pionnier de la psychologie industrielle. Publicitaire avant la lettre et président de l'APA en 1919. Étudiant de Wundt.
SCOTT, W.D. (1902/03/32). The psychology of advertising. London/Boston : Pitman/Small & Maynard.
SCOTT, W.D. (1907). The psychology of public speaking. New York : Noble & Noble.
SCOTT, W.D. (1908). The psychology of advertising in theory and practice. Small, Maynard & Company.
SCOTT, W.D. (1910). Increasing human efficiency in business. New York : Macmillian. [PDF]
SCOTT, W.D. (1911). Influencing men in business. New York : Houghton Mifflin Company.
Scott-Clayton Judith ( ) : Spécialiste américaine de l'éducation. Elle s'intéresse notamment à l'effet du travail sur la réussite scolaire.
SCOTT-CLAYTON, J. (2011). On money and motivation : A quasi-experimental analysis of financial incentives for college achievement. Journal of Human Resources, 46 (3), 614-646.
SCOTT-CLAYTON, J. (2011). The causal effect of federal work-study participation : Quasi-experimental evidence from West Virginia. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 33 (4), 506-527.
SCOTT-CLAYTON, J. (2012). What explains trends in labor supply among U.S. undergraduates ? National Tax Journal, 65 (1), 181-210. [PDF]
SCOTT-CLAYTON, J. (2015). The role of financial aid in promoting collegea ccess and success : Research evidence and proposals for reform. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 45 (3), 7-22.
SCOTT-CLAYTON, J. & MINAYA, V. (2016). Should student employment be subsidized ? Conditional counterfactuals and the outcomes of work-study participation. Economics of Education Review, 52, 1-18.
Scribe interne : Fonction cognitive du calepin visuo-spatial dont le rôle consiste à rafraîchir et à permettre la manipulation des informations visuelles du cache visuel.
   
Script : Concept élaboré par Schank et Abelson. Le script est une routine mentale partagée par la plupart des membres d’une culture, qui s'active dans une situation sociale donnée afin de permettre à l'individu d'agir rapidement et efficacement, sans trop réfléchir àce qu'il faut faire. EX: Offrir ses condoléances à un ami, lui serrer la main, le consoler en lui tapotant l'épaules. Contrairement à l'algorithme, le script ne serait utilisé que dans des situations bien particulières. = scénario inconscient, marche à suivre implicite. Script.
   
SCHANK, R.C. & ABELSON, R. (1977). Scripts, plans, goals and understanding. Hillsdale : Erlbaum. HERSHEY, D.A., WILSON, T.L. & MITCHELL-COPELAND, J. (1996). Conceptions of the psychological research process : Script variation as a function of training and experience. Current Psychology, 14 (4), 293-312.
ABELSON, R.P. (1981). Psychological status of the script concept. American Psychologist, 36 (7), 715-729. COPPOLA, G., VAUGHN, B.E., CASSIBBA, R. & COSTANTINI, A. (2006). The attachment script representation procedure in an Italian sample: Associations with adult attachment interview scales and with maternal sensitivity. Attachment & Human Development, 8, 209-219.
POHL, R., COLONIUS, H. & THÜRING, M. (1985). Recognition of script-based inferences. Psychological Research, 47 (1), 59-67. BEAUREGARD, E., PROULX, J. ROSSMO, K., LECLERC, B. & ALLAIRE, J.F. (2007). Script analysis of the hunting process of serial sex offender. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 34 (8), 1069-1084.
TOMKINS, S.S. (1987). Script theory. In J. Arunoff & A. I. Rubin (Eds.), The emergence o f personality (pp. 147-216). New York : Springer.  
NELSON, K. & HUDSON, J.A. (1988). Scripts and memory : Interrelations in development. In F. Weinert & M. Perlmutter (Eds.), Memory development. Hillsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ALMOS, P. & VEGA, L. (2011). The Use of the Script Concept in argumentation theory. Argumentation, 25 (4), 415-426
Script sexuel : Concept élaboré par Simon et Gagnon. Sexual script.
   
GAGNON, J. & SIMON, W. (1973). Sexual conduct. The socialsources of human sexuality. Chicago : Aldine. FRITH, H. (2001). Developing a discursive psychology of sexual negotiation. Theory & Psychology, 11 (2), 209-232.
PLUMMER, K. (1975). Sexual scripts. London : Routledge, Kegan Paul. SIMON, W. & GAGNON, J. (2003). Sexual scripts : Origins, influences and changes. Qualitative Sociology, 26 (4), 491-497.
STORMS, M.D., STIVERS, M.L., LAMBERS, S.M. & HILL, C.A. (1981). Sexual scripts for women. Sex Roles, 7 (7), 699-707. WIEDERMAN, M.W. (2005). The gendered nature of sexual scripts. The Family Journal, 13 (4), 496-502. [PDF]
ROSE, S.M. & FRIEZE, I. H. (1989). Young singles’ scripts for a first date. Gender & Society, 3, 258-268. [PDF]  
ROSE, S.M. & FRIEZE, I.H. (1993). Young singles’ contemporary dating scripts. Sex Roles, 28, 1-11. [PDF] EATON, A.A. & ROSE, S.M. (2012). Scripts for actual first date and hanging out encounters among young heterosexual Hispanic adults. Sex Roles, 67, 285-299. [PDF]
KLINKENBERG, D. & ROSE, S.M. (1994). Dating scripts of lesbians and gay men. Journal of Homosexuality, 26 (4), 23-35. [PDF] EATON, A.A., ROSE, S.M., INTERLIGI. C.J., FERNANDEZ, K. & McHUGH, M.C. (2015). Gender and ethnicity in datin, hanging out, and hooking up : Sexual scripts among Hispanic and White young adults. Journal of Sex Research, 53 (8), 788-804.
 CARPENTER, L.M. (1998). From girls into women : scripts for sexuality and romance in seventeen Magazine, 1974-1994. Journal of Sex Research, 35 (2), 158-168.  
Scripture Edward Wheeler (Mason 1864-1945 Henleaze Angleterre) : Psychologue américain. On lui doit la distinction entre comportement (doing), émotion (feeling) et pensée (thinking) et l'expression arm chair psychology (par opposition à experimental psychology). Membre fondateur de l'APA. Étudiant de Wundt. Collaborateur de Seashore.
SCRIPTURE, E.W. & SEASHORE, C.E. (1893). On the measurement of hallucinations. Science, 22, 353.
SCRIPTURE, E.W. (1895). Thinking, feeling, doing. Meadville, Pennsylvania : Flood & Vincent, Chautauqua Press.
SCRIPTURE, E.W. (1897). The new psychology. London : W. Scott.
SCRIPTURE, E.W. (1897). Cerebral light. Science, 6, 138-139.
SCRIPTURE, E.W. (1935). Phonemes. Nature, 136, 261-262.
Scruton Roger Vernon (Buslingthorpe 1944-2020 Brinkworth) : Philosophe anglais. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'esthétisme et à notre conception des animaux. (devoir, obligation, droits, etc.).
SCRUTON, R. (1979). The aesthetics of architecture. London : Methuen.
SCRUTON, R. (1983). The aesthetic understanding. London : St. Augustine's Press.
SCRUTON, R. (1996/2000). Animal rights and wrong. London : Bloomsbury Publishing. [PDF]
SCRUTON, R. (2010). Beauty : A very short introduction. London : Oxford University Press.
SCRUTON, R. (2012). Green philosophy : How to think seriously about the planet. Atlantic Books.
STAFFORD, J.M. (1991). The two minds of Roger Scruton. Studies in Philosophy & Education, 11 (2), 187-193.
DOOLEY, M. (2009). Roger Scruton : The philosopher on Dover Beach. London & New York : Continuum.
Scrutin : Ensemble des opérations qui permet aux individus d'un groupe formel (entreprise, province, pays) de voter pour élire ses représentants. Il y a dans la plupart des pays au moins quatre grandes opérations : 1) Adoption, rédaction et promotion des règles qui régissent le scrutin; 2) Choix des votants et dépôt du bulletin de vote dans les urnes; 3) Dépouillement et vérification du vote; 4) Proclamation des gagnants et diffusion officielle des résultats. = vote, opération électorale. Scrutiny, election, election day.

Les étapes d'un scrutin
1 Adoption, Rédaction et promotion des règles qui régissent le scrutin
2 Choix des votants et dépôt du bulletin de vote dans les urnes
3 Dépouillement et vérification du vote
4 Proclamation des gagnants et diffusion officielle des résultats
 
 
SCI - SEC - SED - SEGAL - SEI - SELIGMAN - SÉLECTION - SELYE - SEM - SENS - SENTIMENT - SEP - SEV - SEXE - SEXISME - SH
Seamon John G. (1943-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la mémoire, notamment des faux-souvenirs et de la récupération. Collaborateur de Gazzaniga et Kenrick.
SEAMON, J.G. (1972). Serial position effects in probe recall : Effect of rehearsal on reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 96, 460-462.
SEAMON, J.G. (1973). Retrieval processes for organized long-term storage. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 97, 170-176.
SEAMON, J.G., LUO, C.R. & GALLO, D.A. (1998). Creating false memories of words with or without list item recognition : Evidence for nonconscious processes. Psychological Science, 9, 20-26.
SEAMON, J.G., SCHLEGEL, S.E., HIESTER, P.M., LANDAU, S.M. & BLUMENTHAL, B.F. (2002). Misremembering pictured objects : People of all ages demonstrate the boundary extension illusion. American Journal of Psychology, 115, 151-167.
SEAMON, J.G., PHILBIN, M.M. & HARRISON, L.G. (2006). Do you remember proposing marriage to the Pepsi machine ? False recollections from a campus walk. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 752-756. [PDF]
Séance : Le terme a au moins deux significations : a) En laboratoire, activité d'une durée fixe, généralement déterminée à l'avance, qui consiste à conditionner un animal/humain ou simplement à l'observer. = séance de conditionnement, séance d'observation. b) On utilise également le terme pour désigner la rencontre entre un psychologue/thérapeute et son client, rencontre qui dure généralement entre 45 minutes et une heure, généralement une ou deux fois par semaine. Session.
   
a
BULLOCK, D.H. (1960). Repeated conditioning-extinction sessions as a function of the reinforcement schedule. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 3 (3), 241-243. [PDF]
b
STILES, W.B., SHAPIRO, D.A. & FIRTH-COZENS, J.A. (1988). Do sessions of different treatments have different impacts ? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 35 (4), 391-396. [PDF]
Searl/Searle/Searles
Nina M. Searl John R. Searle Harold F. Searles
 
Searl Nina M. (1882-1955) : Psychanalyste britannique et membre du Groupe kleinien. Elle se spécialise dans l'analyse des enfants. Analysée par Sachs. Collaboratrice de Issacs et Klein.
SEARL, N.M. (1929). Difficulties in child development. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 10, 476-480.
SEARL, N.M. (1930). The rôles of ego and libido in development. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 11, 125-149.
SEARL, N.M. (1932). A note on depersonalization. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 13, 329-347.
SEARL, N.M. (1933). The psychology of dreaming. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 14, 193-202.
SEARL, N.M. (1933). Play, reality and aggression. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 14, 310-320.
Searle John R. (Denver 1932-) : Philosophe du langage américain et épistémologue. Il est un partisan du réalisme. Searle et la chambre chinoise. Étudiant de Strawson.
SEARLE, J.R. (1969). Speech acts. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
SEARLE, J.R. (1981). Les significations sont-elles dans la tête ? Dans L'intentionalité (p. 236-245). Paris : Éditions de Minuit.
SEARLE, J.R. (1983). Intentionality : An essay in the philosophy of mind. Cambridge : Cambridge Paperback Library.
SEARLE, J.R. (1991). The rediscovery of the mind. Cambridge : MIT Press.
SEARLE, J.R. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York : Free Press.
ABELSON, R.P. (1980). Searle's argument is just a set of Chinese symbols. Behvaioral & Brain Sciences, 3, 417-457.
RORTY, R. (1980), Searle and the special powers of the brain. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 3,
BRINGSJORD, S. & PATTERSON, W. (1995). Review of John Searle's The rediscovery of the mind. Minds & Machines, 5, 302-307.
NÙNEZ, R. (1995). What brain for God's-eye ? : Biological naturalism, ontological objectivism, and Searle. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2 (2), 149-166. [PDF]
Searles Harold F. (New York 1918-2015 Los Angeles) : Psychanalyste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la schizophrénie.
SEARLES, H. (1955). Dependency processes in the psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 3, 19-66.
SEARLES, H. (1958). Positive feelings between the schizophrenic and his mother. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 39, 569-586.
SEARLES, H. (1961). Anxiety concerning change; psychotherapy schizophrenics. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 42, 74-85.
SEARLES, H. (1961). Schizophrenic communication. Psychoanalytic Review, 48, 3-50.
SEARLES, H. (1969). A case of borderline thought disorder. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 50, 655-664.

Sears
David O. Sears Robert Richardson Sears
 
Sears David O'Keefe (Urbana 1935-) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de la psychologie politique. Ils s'intéresse également au préjugé, au racisme et à l'intérêt personnel. Professeur de Kinder et Tyler. Collaborateur de McConahay, Peplau, Sidanius, Taylor, Valentino et Van laar.
SEARS, D.O., TYLER, T.R., CITRIN J. & KINDER, D.R. (1978). Political system support and public response to the 1974 energy crisis. American Journal of Political Science, 22, 56-82.
SEARS, D.O. (1986). College sophomores in the laboratory : Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51 (3), 515-530. [PDF]
SEARS, D.O. & VALENTINO, N.A. (1997). Politics matters : Political events as catalysts for preadult socialization. American Political Science Review, 91, 45-65. [PDF]
SEARS, D.O. & FUNK C.L. (1999). Evidence of the long-term persistence of adults' political predispositions. Journal of Politics, 61, 1-28. [PDF]
SEARS, D.O. & HENRY, P.J. (2003). The origins of symbolic racism. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85 (2), 259-275. [PDF]
Sears Robert Richardson (Palo Alto 1908-1989 Menlo Park) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'agression et de l'agressivité, notamment chez les enfants. Président de l'APA en 1951. Collaborateur de Dollard, Doob, Gewirtz, Hovland, Miller et Mowrer.
DOOB, L. & SEARS, R. (1939). Factors determining substitute behavior and the overt expression of aggression. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 34 (3), 293-313.
DOLLAR, J., DOOB, L.W., MILLER, N.E., MOWRER, O.H. & SEARS, R.R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven : Yale University Press.
SEARS, R.R., HOVLAND, C.I. & MILLER, N.E. (1940). Minor studies of aggression : I. Measurement of aggressive behavior. Journal of Psychology, 9, 275-295.
SEARS, R.R. (1941). Nonaggressive reactions to frustration. Psychological Review, 48, 343-346.
SEARS, R.R. (1947). Clinical training facilities : 1947. A report from the Committee on Graduate and Professional Training. American Psychologist, 2, 199-205.
CRONBACH, L.J., HASTORF, A.H., HILGARD, E.R. & MACCOBY, E.E. (1990). Obituary : Robert R. Sears (1908-1989). American Psychologist, 45 (5), 663-664.
Seashore Carl Emil (Môrlunda 1866-1949 Lewiston) : Psychologue américain d'origine suédoise, spécialiste de l'étude psychologique de la musique. Président de l'APA en 1911. Colaborateur de Scripture.
SEASHORE, C.E. (1908). Elementary experiments in psychology. New York : H. Holt and Company.
SEASHORE, C.E. (1919). The psychology of musical talent. Boston, New York : Silver, Burdett and Company.
SEASHORE, C.E. (1923). Introduction to psychology. New York : Macmillan.
SEASHORE, C.E. (1938). Psychology of music. New York & London : McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.
SEASHORE, C.E. (1947). In search of beauty in music : a scientific approach to musical esthetics. New York : The Ronald Press Company.
Sebeok Thomas Albert (Budapest 1920-2001 Bloomington États-Unis) : Linguiste, sémiologue, primatologue hongrois et spécialiste du langage animal. Il est membre du Comittee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal. Collaborateur de Rosenthal.
SEBEOK, T.A. (1968). Zoosemiotics. American Speech, 43 (2), 142-144.
SEBEOK, T.A. (1975). Historiography of linguistics : Current trends in linguistics. The Hague : Mouton.
SEBEOK, T.A. (Ed.) (1977). How animals communicate. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
SEBEOK, T.A. & UMIKER-SEBOK, J. (Eds.) (1980). Speaking of apes : A critical anthology of two-way communication with man. New York : Plenum Press.
SEBEOK, T.A. (2001). Global semiotics. Bloomington : Indiana University Press.
Sechenov Mikhaïlovitch Ivan (Russe 1829-1905) : Neurophysiologiste russe. Il a étudié les réflexes. Étudiant de Bernard, Helmholtz et Müller. = Setchenov.
 
 
 
 
 
Sechrist Gretchen B. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain, spécialisée dans l'étude des préjugés et des stéréotypes. Collaboratrice de Stangor et Swim.
SECHRIST, G.B. & STANGOR, C. (2001). Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 80, 645-654.
SECHRIST, G.B. (2003). Mood as information in making attributions to discrimination. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 29 (4), 524-531.
SECHRIST, G.B., SWIM, J.K. & STANGOR, C. (2004). When do the stigmatized make attributions to discrimination occurring to the self and others ? The roles of self-presentation and need for control. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 87 (1), 111-122.
SECHRIST, G.B. & STANGOR, C. (2007). When are intergroup attitudes based on perceived consensus information ? Social Influence, 2 (3), 211-235.
SECHRIST, G.B. & YOUNG, A.F. (2011). The influence of social consensus information on intergroup attitudes : the moderating effects of ingroup identification. Journal of Social Psychology, 161 (6), 674-695.
Secondaire : Voir École secondaire. Secondary school.
Seconde langue : Voir Langue seconde. Bilingualism, second language, foreign language.
Secret professionnel : Ce qu'un psychologue clinicien (ou tout autre professionnel) sait de ses patients et qu'il a l'obligation légale et le devoir moral de ne pas dévoiler, sous peine de trahir le principe du secret professionnel. Selon les circonstances, quelques renseignements échappent a cette obligation (violence conjugale, violence familiale, meurtre, planification d'un suicide, certains maladies contagieuses à déclaration obligatoire). Secret, code de déontologie et profession. Clinical confidentiality.
   
EBERLEIN, l. (1980). Legal duty and confidentiality of psychhologists : Tarasoff and Haines. Canadian Psychologist, 21, 49-58. KALICHMAN, S.C., CRAIG, M.E. & FOLLINGSTAD, D.R. (1989). Factors influencing the reporting of father-child sexual abuse : Study of licensed practicing psychologists. Professional Psychology : Research & Practice, 20 (2), 84-89.
COLLIER, S. (1983). Reporting child abuse : When moral obligations fail. Pacific Law Journal, 15, 189-209. CHARBA, T. (1989). Mandatory reporting of infectious diseases by clinicians. Journal of the American Medical Association, 262 (21), 3018-3021.
SMITH, S. & MEYER, R. (1984). Child abuse reporting laws and psychotherapy. International Journal of Law & Psychiatry, 7, 351-366. SILVA, J.A., LEONG, G.B. & WEINSTOCK, R. (1989). An HIV-infected psychiatric patient : Some clinicolegal dilemmas. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 17 (1), 33-44.
CURTIS, P. & LUKUS, D. (1985). Client confidentiality in police social work settings. Social Work, 30 (4), 355-360. ZELLMAN, G.L. (1990). Child abuse reporting and failure to report among mandated reporters : Prevalence, incidence, and reasons. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 5 (1), 3-22.
 
Code de déontologie, Psychologie clinique, Affaire Tarasoff et Éthique

Sectarisme : Forme d'intolérance, parfois agressive, voire violente, à l'égard des croyances religieuses ou opinions politiques d'autrui. Sectarianism.
   
WALLS, P. & WILLIAMS, R. (2003). Sectarianism at work : Accounts of employment discrimination against Irish Catholics in Scotland. Ethnic & Racial Studies, 26 (4), 632-662.
BERTSCH, S. & PESTA, B.J. (2009). The Wonderlic Personnel Test and elementary cognitive tasks as predictors of religious sectarianism, scriptural acceptance and religious questioning. Intelligence, 37, 231-237.
 
Voir aussi Croyances religieuses
Secte : Petite religion, souvent microscopique... = nouvel spiritualité, nouvel âge. Cult, new age.
   
TARDE, G. (1893). Foules et sectes au point de vue criminel. Revue des Deux Mondes, 349-387.
LANGONE, M. (1989). Beware of "New Age" solutions to age old problems. Business & Society Review, 69, 39-42.
LANGONE, M. (1993). Recovery from cults : help for victims of psychological and spiritual abuse. New York : W.W. Norton.
 
Voir aussi Prosélystisme et Religion
Sécularisation : Disparition ou recul marqué, souvent progressif et lent donc à peine perceptible, de l'influence religieuse dans un système social (gouvernement, école, hôpitaux, etc.), au profit des laïcs, qui au terme de ce processus de transformation exercent alors les pleins pouvoirs (décision, choix, organisation etc.). Au sens strict, la sécularistion englobe plusieurs processus : le retrait des signes religieux du domaine public, la conversion ou le remplacement du personnel religieux par des laïcs, la vente des biens et des actif religeux (ou la conservation à titre de patrimione), souvent au gouvernement, etc. La sécularition d'un sysème peut se faire sans que le principe de laïcité ait été formellement adopté, alors que l'inverse - adopté la laïcité sans entreprendre la sécularisation des systèmes concernés - semble impossible. En ce sens, sécularitation et laïcitée seraient des étapes qui mènent vers l'affaiblissement du pouvoir religieux et sa perte de pertinence dans nos sociétés : le premier est un retrait du religieux imposé par la pression sociale, le second un retait imposé par la loi et le pouvoir de l'état. *Laïcité.
   
MARTIN, D. (1996). Remise en question de la théorie de la sécularisation. Dans G. Davie et D. Hervieu-Léger (Dirs.), Identités religieuses en Europe (p. 25-42). Paris : La Découverte.
MODOD, J.C. (2002). La querelle de la sécularisation. Paris : Vrin.
HAYAT, P. (2006). Laïcité et sécularisation. Les Temps Modernes, 635/636, 317-329.
MODOD, J.C. (2007). Sécularisation et laïcité. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
MASSIGNON, B. (2008). Jean-Claude Monod : Sécularisation et laïcité. Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions, 144, 144-49. [PDF]

Voir aussi Laïcité et Religion
Secularism & Nonreligion : Revue qui consacre ses pages à l'étude des religions et de l'athéisme. Éditeur : Ubiquity Press.
BRAUN, C.M.J. (2012). Explaining global secularity : Existential security or education ? Secularism & Nonreligion, 1, 68-93. [PDF]
 
Sécurité :Ensemble de caractéristiques propres à un lieu ou une situation qui rend peu propable un accident ou un désastre. Sécurité, risque et Sentiment de sécurité. Safety.
   
FOLKARD, S. & TUCKER, P. (2003). Shift work, safety and productivity. Occupational Medicine, 53 (2), 95-101.
JUVONEN, J., NISHINA, A. & GRAHAM, S. (2006). Ethnic diversity and perceptions of safety in urban middle schools. Psychological Science, 17, 393-400. [PDF]
DRUPSTEEN, L., RASMUSSENM H.B., USTAILIEVA, E. & VAN KAMPEN, J. (2015). Key aspects in managing safety when working with multiple contractors : A case study. Work, 51 (4), 715-720.
DRUPSTEEN, L. & GUIDENMUND, F.W. (2014). What is learning ? A review of the safety literature to define learning from incidents, accidents and disasters. Journal of Contingencies & Crisis Management, 22 (2), 81-96.

Voir aussi Risque et Sentiment de sécurité
Sécurité internationale : Voir Terrorisme et 11 septembre. International security.
   
KOOPMAN, C., SHIRYAEV, R., McDERMOTT, R., JERVIS, R. & SNYDER, J. (1998). Beliefs about international security and change among Russian and American national scurity elites. Journal of Peace Psychology, 4 (1), 35-57.

Voir aussi Terrorisme et 11 septembre
Sédation : Sédatif : Médicament qui permet de diminuer la douleur, la souffrance. Sédation et Dépresseur.
   
Voir aussi Dépresseur et Douleur
Sédentarité : Style de vie qui se caractérise par une quasi-absence d'acitivité physique et sportive et un travail réclamant peu de déplacement ou d'effort physique. Sedentary, sedentary lifestyle, sedentary behavior.
   
UNGER, J.B. (1995). Sedentary lifestyle as a risk factor for self-reported poor physical and mental health. American Journal of Health Promotion, 10 (1), 15-17.
HU, F.B., LI, T.Y., COLDITZ, G.A., WILLET, W.C. & MANSON, J.E. (2003). Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289, 1785-1791.
BIDDLE, S.J., GORELY, T., MARSHALL, S.J., MURDEY, I. & CAMERON, N. (2003). Physical activity and sedentary behaviours in youth : issues and controversies. Journal of the Royal Society of Health, 124 (1), 29-33. [PDF]
 BERRY, T.R. (2006). Who’s even interested in the exercise message ? Attentional bias for exercise and sedentary-lifestyle related words. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 28, 4-17.
HILLS, A.P., KING, N.A. & ARMSTRONG, T.P. (2007). The contribution of physical activity and sedentary behaviours to the growth and development of children and adolescents : implications for overweight and obesity. Sports Medicine, 37 (6), 533-545.
SHIELD, M. & TREMBLAY, M.S. (2008). Sedentary behaviour and obesity. Health Reports, 19 (2), 19-30. [PDF]

Voir aussi Diabète, Télévision et Exercice physique
Sedikides Constantine ( ) : Psychosociologue grec, spécialisé dans l'étude des attitudes et de la nostalgie. Il s'intéresse également à la valorisation de soi. Collaborateur d'Anderson, Cacioppo, Campbell, Chatzisarantis, De Cremer, Devine, Dill, Krosnick, Petty, Spencer et Vallerand.
SEDIKIDES, C. & OSTROM, T.M. (1988). Are person categories used when organizing information about unfamiliar sets of persons ? Social Cognition, 6 (3), 252-267. [PDF]
SEDIKIDES, C. & ANDERSON, C.A. (1992). Causal explanations of defection : A knowledge structure approach. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 420-429. [PDF]
SEDIKIDES, C., CAMPBELL, W.K., REEDER, G. & ELLIOT, A.J. (1998). The self-serving bias in relational context. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74, 378-386. [PDF]
SEDIKIDES, C., HERBST, K.C., HARDIN, D.P. & DARDIS, G.J. (2002). Accountability as a deterrent to self-enhancement : The search for mechanisms. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83, 592-605. [PDF]
SEDIKIDES, C. & GREGG, A.P. (2008). Self-enhancement : Food for thought. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 102-116.
Séduire : Séduction : Séducteur-trice : Stratégie qui consiste à se présenter sous son meilleur jour en mettant en valeur certaines de ses caractéristiques physiques (parties du corps, sourire, habillement, maquillage), psychologiques (intelligence, humour, habiletés manuelles, habiletés verbales, etc.) ou sociales (rang, argent, voiture, etc) dans le but de plaire, d'influencer autrui ou de se trouver un partenaire, etc. Seduction, flirting.
   
ABRAMI, E.C., LEVENTHAL, L. & PERRY, R.E. (1982). Educational seduction. Review of Educational Research, 52, 446-464.
YELVINGTON, K.A. (1996). Flirting in the factory. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2, 313-333.
KAPLAN, D. (2006). Public intimacy : Dynamics of seduction in male homosocial interactions. Symbolic Interaction, 28 (4), 571-595.
GUÉGUEN, N. (2014). Psychologie de la séduction. Paris : Paris : Dunod.

Voir aussi Courtiser, Influencer les autres, Apparence et Choix du partenaire
 
Seeman
Mary V. Seeman Philip Seeman
 
Seeman Mary V. ( ) : Psychiatre canadienne et spécialiste de la schizophrénie. Collaboratrice de Seeman.
SEEMAN, M.V. & LANG, M. (1990). The role of estrogens in schizophrenia gender differences. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, 185-194.
SEEMAN, M.V. (2009). Secondary effects of antipsychotics : Women at greater risk than men. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 937-948.
SEEMAN, M.V. (2012). Treating schizophrenia at the time of menopause. Maturitas, 72, 117-120.
SEEMAN, M.V. (2013). Women and schizophrenia : New findings. Neuropsychiatry, 3, 423-431.
SEEMAN, M.V. & SEEMAN, P. (2014). Is schizophrenia a dopamine supersensitivity psychotic reaction ? Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 48, 155-160. [PDF]
Seeman Philip (Winnipeg 1930-2021 Toronto) : Psychiatre canadien et spécialiste de la schizophrénie, notamment au rôle de la dopamine. Collaborateur de Kapur, Reynolds et Seeman.
SEEMAN, P. (1987). Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Synapse, 1, 133-152. [PDF]
SEEMAN, P. & TALLERICO, T. (1999). Rapid release of antipsychotic drugs from dopamine D2 receptors : An explanation for low receptor occupancy and early clinical relapse upon drug withdrawal of clozapine or quetiapine. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 876-884. [PDF]
SEEMAN, P. (2006). Targeting the dopamine D2 receptor in schizophrenia. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 10 (4), 515-531. [PDF]
SEEMAN, P. (2010). Dopamine D2 Receptors as treatment targets in schizophrenia. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, 4 (1), 56-73.
SEEMAN, P. (2011). All roads to schizophrenia lead to dopamine supersensitivity and elevated dopamine D2High receptors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 17 (2), 118-132. [PDF]
Segal
Hanna Segal Zindel V. Segal
 
Segal Hanna (1918-2011) : Psychanalyste et psychiatre anglaise. Analysé par Klein et membre du groupe kleinien. = Hanna Poznanska. Collaboratrice de Meltzer.
SEGAL, H. (1962). The curative factors in psycho-analysis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 43, 212-217.
SEGAL, H. & MELTZER, D. (1962). Narrative of a child Analysis. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 44, 507-513.
SEGAL, H. (1972). A propos des objets intemes. Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse, 10, 153-157.
SEGAL, H. (1974). Delusion and artistic creativity. International Review of Psychoanalysis, 1, 135-140.
SEGAL, H. (1975). A psycho-analytic approach to the treatment of schizophrenia. In M. Lader (Ed.), Studies of schizophrenia (pp. 94-97). Ashford : Headley Bros.
Segal Zindel V. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dépression. Collaborateur de Blatt, Castonguay, Cuijpers, Dimidjian, DeRubeis, Hollon, Mohr, Muran,Rush, Teasdale et Williams.
SEGAL, Z.V., WILLIAMS J.M., TEASDALE, J.D. & GEMAR, M.C. (1996). A cognitive science perspective on kindling and episode sensitization in recurrent affective disorder. Psychological Medicine, 26, 371-380.
SEGAL, Z.V., GEMAR, M. & WILLIAMS J.M. (1999). Differential cognitive response to a mood challenge following successful cognitive therapy or pharmacotherapy for unipolar depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108 (1), 3-10.
SEGAL, Z.V., WILLIAMS J.M. & TEASDALE, J.D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression : A new approach to preventing relapse. New York : Guilford.
SEGAL, Z.V., TEASDALE, J.D., WILLIAMS J.M. & GEMAR, M.C. (2002). The Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Adherence Scale : Inter-rater reliability, adherence to protocol and treatment distinctiveness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9, 131-138. [PDF]
SEGAL, Z.V., TEASDALE, J.D. & WILLIAMS J.M. (2004). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy : Theoretical rationale and empirical status. In S. Hayes, V. Follette and M.M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance (pp. 45-65). New York : Guilford Press
Segalowitz Sydney J. ( ) : Neurocognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'attention et de la mémoire de travail. Professeur de Cohen. Collaborateur de Lassonde et Lepore.
SEGALOWITZ, S.J., DYWAM, J. & UNSAL, A. (1997). Attentional factors in response time variability after traumatic brain injury : An ERP study. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 95-107.
DYWAN, J., SEGALOWITZ, S.J. & ARSENAULT, A. (2002). Electrophysiological response during source memory decisions in older and younger adults. Brain & Cognition, 49, 322-340.
SEGALOWITZ, S.J. & DAVIES, P.L. (2004). Charting the maturation of the frontal lobe : an electrophysiological strategy. Brain & Cognition, 55, 116-133.
SEGALOWITZ, S.J. & LANE, K. (2004). Perceptual fluency and lexical access for function versus content words. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 27, 307-308.
LECLERC, C., SEGALOWITZ, S.J., DESJARDINS, J., LASSONDE, M. & LEPORE, F. (2005). EEG coherence in early-blind humans during sound localization. Neuroscience Letters, 376, 154-159.
Ségmentation de l'audience : Technique statistique de fragmention des échantillons (audience) qui permet de mieux identifier leurs particularités. Audience segmentation.
   
SLATER, M. (1995). Choosing audience segmentation strategies and methods for health communication. In E. Maibach & R. Parrott (Eds.), Designing health message (pp 186–198). Los Angeles : Sage Publications.
MAIBACH, E.W., WEBER, D., MASSETT, H., PRICE, S. & HANCOCK, G. (2006). Segmenting health audiences based on their information use and decision-making preferences : Development and initial validation of a brief screening instrument. Journal of Health Communication, 11, 717–736.
MAIBACH, E.W., LEISEROWITZ, A.A., ROSER-RENOUF, C. & MERTZ, C.K. (2011) Identifying like-minded audiences for climate change public engagement campaigns : An audience segmentation analysis and tool development. PLOS One, 6 (3), 1-9. [PDF]

Voir aussi Échantillonnage
Ségrégation : Le terme a deux acceptions générales, selon la nature de l'objet - physique ou sociale - qu'il désigne. a) Quand il s'agit d'objet physique, la ségrégation désigne la capacité pour un sujet de distinguer deux objets, en attribuant à chacun de ces objets une existence propre (plutôt que de les confondre). = dissocier. Object segregation. b) Séparation sociale et physique (parfois légale) en deux camps (eux et nous) des individus d'un groupe ou d'une société en fonction d'un seul critère, comme le sexe, la couleur de la peau, l'intelligence, etc. et exclusion sociale du camps des "autres". En ce sens, la ségrégation engendre une discrimination sociale. NDLR : La séparation des individus en sous-groupes n'est pas forcément illégale ou immorale; dans un cours d'éducation physique, on peut séparer les grands des petits dans le seul but de permettre à ces derniers de donner leur pleine mesure ou d'éviter des blessures. Ségrégation, ghetto et discrimination. ( ): Ségrégation raciale, ségrégation sexuelle, ségrégation sociale. Social segregation.
 
Formes de ségrégation
Ségrégation cognitive    
Ségrégation raciale Ségrégation sexuelle Ségrégration sociale
 
   
QUILLIAN, L. (2012). Segregation and poverty concentration : The role of three segregations.American Sociological Review, 77, 354-379.
QUILLIAN, L. (2014). Does segregation create winners and losers ? Residential segregation and inequality in educational attainment. Social Problems, 61 (3), 402-426.



Voir aussi Échantillonnage
Ségrégation cognitive : Object segregation.
   
NEEDHAM, A. (1997). Factors affecting infants' use of featural information in object segregation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6, 26-33. [PDF] NEEDHAM, A. & BAILLARGEON, R. (1998). Effects of prior experience on 4.5-month-old infants' object segregation. Infant Behavior & Development, 21, 1-23.
NEEDHAM, A., BAILLARGEON, R. & KAUFMAN, J. (1997). Object segregation in infancy. In C. Rovee-Collier & L. Lipsitt (Eds.), Advances in infancy research (Vol. 11, pp. 1–42). Norwood, NJ: Ablex. NEEDHAM, A. (1998). Infants' use of featural information in the segregation of stationary objects. Infant Behavior & Development, 21, 47–76.
NEEDHAM, A. & KAUFMAN, J. (1997). Infants' integration of information from different sources in object segregation. Early Development & Parenting, 6, 137-147. [PDF] NEEDHAM, A. & MODI, M. (1999). Infants' use of prior experiences with objects in object segregation : Implications for object recognition in infancy. Advances in Child Development & Behavior, 27, 99-133.
NEEDHAM, A. & BAILLARGEON, R. (1997). Object segregation in 8-month-old infants. Cognition, 62, 121-149. NEEDHAM, A. (2001). Object Recognition and Object Segregation in 4.5-month-old infants. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 78, 3-24.
  QUINN, P.C. & BHATT, R.S. (2001). Object recognition and object segregation in infancy : Historical perspective, theoretical significance,"kinds" of knowledge, and relation to object categorization. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 78 (1), 25-34.

Voir aussi Permanence de l'objet et Objet caché
Ségrégation raciale : Forme de ségrégation dont le critère de séparation (et parfois d'exclusion) est la couleur de la peau ou l'appartenance ethnique/raciale des membres d'un groupe ou d'une société. Ségrégation, xénophobie etracisme. Racial divide.
   
KINDER, D.R. & SANDERS, L.M. (1996). Divided by color : Racial politics and democratic ideals. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
EMERSON, M.O., YANCEY, G. & CHAI, K.J. (2001). Does race matter in residential segregation ? Exploring the preferences of Whites. American Sociological Review, 66, 922-935.
KINDER, D.R. & WINTER, N. (2001). Exploring the racial divide. American Journal of Political Science, 45, 439-456.
TURNER, M. et WOLMAN, H. (2006). Processus et politiques de ségrégation raciale aux États-Unis. Hétérodote, 122, 44-65.
BOBO, L. (2011). Somewhere between Jim Crow & post-racialism : Reflections on the racial divide in America Today. Daedalus, 140 (2), 11-36. [PDF]
QUILLIAN, L. (2012). Segregation and poverty concentration : The role of three segregations.American Sociological Review, 77, 354-379.
QUILLIAN, L. & LAGRANGE, H. (2016). Socioeconomic segregation in large cities in France and the United States. Demography, 53 (4), 1051–1084.
QUILLIAN, L. (2017). Segregation as a source of contextual advantage. RSF : The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 3 (2), 152–169.

Voir aussi Ségrégation, Exclusion et Racisme
Ségrégation sexuelle : Forme de ségrégation dont le critère de séparation entre les uns et les autres (et parfois d'exclusion) est le genre/sexe des membres d'un groupe ou d'une société. Ségrégation, exclusion sociale et sexisme. = homosociabilité. Gender segregation.
   
MACCOBY, E. & JACKLIN, C. (1987). Sex segregation in childhood. In H. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child behaviour and development. Orlando, FL : Academic Press.
LEGAULT, F. & STRAYER, F.F. (1991). Genèse de la ségrégation sexuelle et différences comportementales chez des enfants d'âge préscolaire. Behaviour, 119, 285-301.
DEVINE, F. (1992). Gender segregation in the engineering and science professions : A case of continuity and change. Work, Employment & Society, 6, 557-575.
BOURHIS, R.Y., GAGNON, A. et COLE, R. (1997). Sexe et pouvoir : Une recherche de terrain sur un cas de ségrégation sexuelle de deux syndicats au Canada. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 2, 109-133.

Voir aussi Ségrégation, Exclusion sociale et Sexisme
Ségrégation sociale : Forme de ségrégation dont le critère de séparation (et parfois d'exclusion) est une caractéristique sociale, comme l'intelligence, la religion, la classe sociale, etc. Ségrégation social, ostracisme et exclusion sociale. Social segregation.
   
DUNCAN, O. & DUNCAN, B. (1955). A methodological analysis of segregation indexes. American Sociological Review, 20, 210-217.
WANG, M.C. & WALBERG, H.J. (1988). Four fallacies of segregationism. Exceptional Children, 55, 128-137.
COLLINS, C. & WILLIAMS, D. (1999). Segregation and mortality : The deadly effects of racism ? Sociological Forum, 14 (3), 495-523.
HUTCHENS, R. (2004). One measure of segregation. International Economic Review, 45 (2), 555-578. [PDF]
JENKINS, S.P., MICKLEWHRIGHT, J. & SCHNEPFT, S.V. (2008). Social segregation in secondary schools : how does England compare with other countries ? Oxford Review of Education, 34 (1), 21-37.

Voir aussi Ségrégation, Ostracisme et Exclusion
Seguin Fernand (Montréal 1922-1988 Saint-Charles sur le Richelieu) : Biochimiste et vulgarisateur scientifique québécois.
SEGUIN, F. (1987). La bombe et l'orchidée. Montréal : Libre Expression.
SEGUIN, F. (1988). Le cristal et la chimère. Montréal : Libre Expression.
 


CARPENTIER, J.M. et OUELLET, D. (1994). Le savant imaginaire. Montréal : Libre Expression.
Seidenberg Mark S. ( ) : Psychologue connexioniste canadien, spécialisé dans l'étude du langage. Il s'intéresse aussi à l'apprentissage de la lecture. Collaborateur Bavelier, Bell, Elman, Foorman, Green, Hermann, Joanisse, McClelland, Pugh et Rayner.
SEIDENBERG, M.S. (1997). Language acquisition and use : Learning and applying probabilistic constraints. Science, 275, 1599-1604.
SEIDENBERG, M.S. & ELMAN, J.L. (1999). Networks are not "hidden rules. Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 288-289. [PDF]
SEIDENBERG, M.S., MacDONALD, M.C. & SAFFRAN, J.R. (2003). Are there limits to statistical learning ? Science, 300, 51-52.
SEIDENBERG, M.S. (2005). Connectionist models of reading. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 238-242. [PDF]
SEIDENBERG, M.S. (2013). The science of reading and its educational implications. Language Learning & Development, 53, 638-646. [PDF]
Sein : Sein, allaitement et attirance physique. = poitrine. Breast, bust size.
   
WILDMAN, R.W. & WILDMAN, R.W. (1976). Note on males’ and females’ preferences for opposite-sex body parts, bust sizes, and bust-revealing clothing. Psychological Reports, 38, 485-486. HSIA, H.C. & THOMSON, G.J. (2003). Differences in breast shape preferences between plastic surgeons and patients seeking breast augmentation. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, 112 (1), 312-320.
KLEINKE, C.L. & STANESKI, R.A. (1980). First impressions of female bust size. The Journal of Social Psychology, 110, 123-134. MIILLSTED, R. & FRITH, H. (2003). Being large-breasted : Women negotiating embodiment. Women’s Studies International Forum, 26 (5), 455-465.
  WARD, L.M., MERRIWETHER, A. & CARUTHERS, A. (2006). Breasts are for men: Media, masculinity ideologies, and men's beliefs about women's bodies. Sex Roles, 55, 703-714. [PDF]
SINGH, D. & YOUNG, R.K. (1995). Body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, breasts, and hips : role in judgments of female attractiveness and desirability for relationships. Ethology & Sociobiology, 16, 483-507. SINGH, D. (2006). Role of body fat and body shape on judgment of female health and attractiveness : An evolutionary perspective. Psychological Topics, 15 (2), 331-350. [PDF]
MANNING, J.T., SCUTT, D., WHITEHOUSE, G.H. & LEINSTER, S.J. (1997). Breast asymmetry and phenotypic quality in women. Evolution & Human Behavior, 18, 223-236. FURNHAM, A. & SWANI, V. (2007). Perception of female buttocks and breast size in profile. Social Behavior & Personality, 35, 1-8. [PDF]
FURNHAM, A., DIAS, M. & McCLELLAND, A. (1998). The role of body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, and breast size in judgments of female attractiveness. Sex Roles, 39, 311-326. GUEGUEN, N. (2007). Women's bust size and men's courtship solicitation. Body image, 4, 386-390. [PDF]

FREDERICK, D., PEPLAU, L.A. & LEVER, J. (2008). The Barbie mystique : Satisfaction with breast size and shape across the lifespan. International Journal of Sexual Health, 20, 200-211. [PDF]

Voir aussi Allaitement, Silhouette idéale, Attirance physique et Cancer
 
Seins (Grossir) : Voir Chirurgie plastique. Plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery.
Séisme : Voir Désastre naturel. Naturel disaster, ecological disaster.
Seize (16) PF : Voir Test 16 PF de Cattel. 16PF scales.
Seizure : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de l'épilepsie. = Seizure - European Journal of Epilepsy. Éditeur : Elsevier.
BJORNAES H., STABELL K., HENRIKSEN, O. & LOYNING Y. (2001). The effects of refractory epilepsy on intellectual functioning in children and adults. A longitudinal study. Seizure, 10, 250-259.
 
Seitz Rüdiger J. ( ) : Biologiste allemand, spécialisé dans l'étude des fondements neurobiologiques des croyances.Collaborateur de Angel. 
SEITZ, R.J. SCHERFELD, D., FRIEDERICHS, S., POPP, K., WITTSACK, H.-J., AZARI, N.P. & FRANZ, M. (2008). Valuating other people's emotional face expression : A combined fMRI and EEG study. Neuroscience, 152, 713-722.
SEITZ, R.J., PALOUTZIAN, R.F. & ANGEL, H.-F. (2018). From believing to belief : A general theoretical model. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 30 (9), 1254-1264.
SEITZ, R.J., PALOUTZIAN, R.F. & ANGEL, H.-F. (2019). Believing is representation mediated by the dopamine brain system. European Journal of Neuroscience, 49 (10), 1212-1214.
SEITZ, R.J. & ANGEL, H.-F. (2020). Belief formation - a driving force for brain evolution. Brain Cognition, 140, 1–8.
SEITZ, R.J. (2022). Beliefs : A challenge in neuropsychological disorders. Journal of Neuropsychology, 16 (1), 21-37.
Sejnowski Terrence Joseph (Cleveland 1947-) : Physicien et biologiste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des réseaux neuronaux. Professeur de Bartels. Collaborateur de Churchland et Dayan.
 SEJNOWSKI, T.J. (1977). Statistical constraints on synaptic plasticity. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 69, 385-389. [PDF]
 SEJNOWSKI, T.J. & ROSENBERG, C.R. (1987). Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text. Complex Systems 1, 145-168.
 SEJNOWSKI, T.J. KOCH, C. & CHURHLAND, P.S. (1988). Computational neuroscience. Science, 241, 1299-1306. [PDF]
 SEJNOWSKI, T.J., CHATTARJI, S. & STANTON, P.K. (1990). Homosynaptic long-term depression in hippocampus and neocortex. The Neurosciences, 2, 355-363. [PDF]
 SEJNOWSKI, T.J. (2015). Consciousness. Daedalus, 144, 123-132. [PDF]
Sel : Sodium : Chlorure de sodium. = NaCL Salt, sodium chloride.
 
FALK, J.L. (1966). Analysis of the water and NaCl solution acceptance by schedule-induced polydipsia. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 9 (2), 111-114. [PDF]
AMIR, R., ARGOFF, C.E., BENNETT, G.J. & UMMIND, T.R. (2006). The role of sodium channels in chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Journal of Pain, 7 (5), 1–29.
  Voir aussi Eau, Sucre et Renforcement primaire
Sélection : Sélectionner : Processus qui consiste à choisir, donc à retenir certains éléments au détriment d'autres. Cette sélection peut être conscience ou non, dirigée vers un but ou pas. = trier. Selection.
 
Types de sélection
Sélection artificielle Sélection d'une variable Sélection par les conséquences
Sélection de groupe Sélection d'un-e partenaire Sélection scolaire
Sélection de parentèle Sélection du personnel Sélection sexuelle
Sélection des participants/Sujets Sélection naturelle  Sélection sociale
 
Sélection artificielle : Chez une espèce donnée, perte ou acquisition de caractères morphologiques, physiologiques ou comportementaux, transmis de façon héréditaire, à la suite d'une sélection orientée, volontairement ou non par l’être humain. La domestication est une forme de sélection artificielle plus ou moins involontaire, alors que l'hybridation ou la manipulation génétique sont des techniques systématique, donc volontaire. Sélection artificielle et naturelle. = sélection orientée, élevage sélectif des animaux et des plantes. /sélection naturelle. Artificiel selection, selective breedind.
 
HALDANE, J.B.S. (1927). A mathematical theory of natural and artificial selection. Part V : selection and mutation. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 23, 838-844.
DOYLE, R.W. & TALBOT, A.J. (1986). Artificial selection on growth and correlated selection on competitive behaviour in fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences, 43, 1059-1064.
CATANIA, A.C. (1994). The natural and artificial selection of verbal behavior. In Hayes, S.C., Hayes, L.J., Sato, M. & K Ono (Eds.), Behavior analysis of language and cognition (pp. 31-49). Context Press.
CATANIA, A.C. (2001). Three varieties of selection and their implications for the origins of language. In G.Györi (Ed.) Language evolution: Biological, linguistic and philosophical perspectives (pp. 55-71). PeterLang.
INNAN, H. & KIM, Y. (2004). Pattern of polymorphism after strong artificial selection in a domestication event. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101, 10667-10672.

Voir aussi Sélection naturelle, domestication et Hybridation
 
Sélection de groupe : Type de sélection mise en évidence par Wynne-Edwards, qui s'exerce sur l'ensemble d'un groupe d'individus apparentés (plutôt que sur un individus vivant dans un groupe comme le postule la sélection naturelle). Sélection de groupe et sélection naturelle. Group selection.
   
WYNNE-EDWARDS, V.C. (1962). Animal dispersion in relation to social behavior. London : Oliver & Boyd. WILSON, D.S. & SOBER, E. (1994). Reintroducing group selection to the human behavioral sciences. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 17 (4), 585-654. [PDF]
HAMILTON, W.D. (1964). The evolution of social behavior. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1, 295-311. WILSON, D.S. & DUGATKIN, L.A. (1997). Group selection and assortative interactions. American Naturalist, 149, 336-351. [PDF]
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1964). Group selection and kin selection. Nature, 201, 1145-1147. WILSON, D.S. (1997). Human groups as units of selection. Science, 276, 1816-1817.
WILLIAMS, G.C. (Ed.) (1971). Group Selection. Chicago : Aldine-Atherton. GOODNIGHT, C.J. & STEVENS, L. (1997). Experimental studies of group selection : What do they tell us about group selection in nature. American Naturalist, 150, 59-79.
WILSON, D.S. (1975). A theory of group selection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 72, 143-146 THOMPSON, N.S. (1998). Reintroducing Wilson and Sober's "Re-introducing group selection to the social sciences". Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21 (2), 304-305.
  THOMPSON, N.S. (1999). Group selection and the origins of evil. Skeptic, 7 (2), 70-73.
  THOMPSON, N.S. (2000). Shifting the natural selection metaphor to the group level. Behavior & Philosophy, 28, 83-101.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1976). Group Selection. Quarterly review of biology, 63 (51), 20-29. THOMPSON, N.S. (2000). Niche construction and group selection. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 23 (1), 161.
  BERGSTROM, T. (2002). Evolution of social behavior: Individual and group selection. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16 (2), 67-88.
WADE, M.J. (1977). An experimental study of group selection. Evolution, 31, 134-153. HENRICH, J. (2004). Cultural group selection. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 53 (1), 3-35.
RUSE, M. (1980). Charles Darwin and group selection. Annals of Science, 37, 615-630. GOWDY, J. & SEIDL, I. (2004). Economic man and selfish genes : the implications of group selection for economic valuation and policy. Journal of Socio-Economics, 33, 343-358. [PDF]
GRAFEN, A. (1984). Natural selection, kin selection and group selection. In J.R. Krebs & N.B. Davies (Eds.), Behavioral ecology (pp. 62-91). Sinauer. BORRELLO, M.E. (2005). The rise, fall and resurrection of group selection. Endeavour, 29 (1), 43-47. [PDF]
WYNNE-EDWARDS, V.C. (1986). Evolution through group selection. Blackwell. WILSON, D.S. (2006). Human groups as adaptive units: toward a permanent concensus. in P. Carruthers, S. Laurence and S. Stich. The innate mind : Culture and cognition. Oxford, Oxford University Press. [PDF]
  SOSIS, R. & SWARTWOUT, P. (2008). Demonstrating group selection : A comment on Landa's. The bioeconomics of homogeneous middleman groups as adaptive units. Journal of Bioeconomics, 10, 297-301. [PDF]

Voir aussi Wynne-Edwards et Sélection naturelle
Sélection de parentèle : Kin selection.
   
HAMILTON, W.D. (1964). The evolution of altruistic behavior. The American Naturalist, 97, 354-360.  
HAMILTON, W.D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour I et II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 1-52. CROZIER, R.H. & PAMILO, P. (1996). Evolution of social insect colonies : Sex allocation and kin selection. Oxford University Press.
HAMILTON, W.D. (1964). The genetical evolution of social behaviour II. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 7, 17-52. DALY, M., SALSON, C. & WILSON, M. (1997). Kinship : The conceptual hole in psychological studies of social cognition and close relationships. In J. Simpson & D.T. Kenrick (Eds.), Evolutionary social psychology (pp. 265-296). Mahwah, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1964). Group selection and kin selection. Nature, 201, 1145-1147. CHAPUISAT, M. & KELLER, L. (1999). Testing kin selection with sex allocation data in eusocial Hymenoptera. Heredity, 82, 473-478.
WEST-EBERHARD, M.J. (1975). The evolution of social behavior by kin selection. Quarterly Review of Biology 50, 1-35. CHAO, L., HANLEY, K.A., DAHLBERG, C. & TURNER, P.E. (2000). Kin selection and parasite virulence : higher and lower virulence with hard and soft selection. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 75, 261-275.
DAWKINS, R. (1979). Twelve misunderstandings of kin selection. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 51, 184-200.  
GRAFEN, A.S. (1984). Natural selection, kin selection and group selection. In J.R. Krebs & N.B. Davies (Eds.), Behavioral ecology (pp. 62-91). Sinauer. GRAFEN, A.S. & WEST, S.A. (2002). Kin selection : fact and fiction. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17 (1), 15-21. [PDF]

Voir aussi Sélection naturelle
Sélection des participants/sujets : Voir échantillonnage. Sampling.
Sélection des niveaux (d'une variable invoquée/assignée) : En méthodologique, opération qui consiste à choisir les niveaux de variation d'un phénomène (variable invoquée/assignée) que l'on cherche à mesurer/évaluer. EX: Comparer les enfants de trois ans (niveau 1) à ceux de quatre ans (niveau 2) pour savoir si l'âge (variable indépendante invoquée) influence le developpement des habiletés cognitives (variable dépendante).
 
Exemples Contrôle
Variable Sélection des niveaux Création ou imposition des niveaux
Variable invoquée/assignée Âge, sexe, ethnie, classe sociale Non
Variable provoquée/manipulée Non Caractéristiques de l'environnement social et physique
Sélection d'un-e partenaire : Voir Choix d'un-e partenaire. Partner choice, mate choice, sexual selection, human mate selection.
Sélection du personnel (Techniques) : Ensemble des tests, principes, règles et critères qui permettent à un comité de sélection de recruter et choisir le personnel d'une entreprise ou d'un organisme public. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. = recrutement, engager, embaucher. Selection of employees, personnel selection.
 
Sélection du personnel
Curriculum vitae (CV)  Jeu de rôle  
Entraînement du personnel Orientation profesionnelle
Simulation d'emploi
Entrevue d'embauche Portfolio/Échantillon Test psychologique
 
   
THORNDIKE, R.L. (1949). Personnel selection : Test and measurement techniques. New York : Wiley.
GHISELLI, E.E. & BARTHOL, R.P. (1953). The validity of personality inventories in the selection of employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 37 (1), 18-20. HOUGH, L.M. & OSWALD, F.L. (2000). Personnel selection : Looking toward the future - Remembering the past. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 631-664. [PDF]
SCHIMDT, F.L., HUNTER, J.E, McKENSZIE, R.G. & MULDROW, T.W. (1979). The impact of valid selection procedures on work-force productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 609-626.  
ARVEY, R.D. (1979). Fairness in selecting employees. Addison-Wesley.
SCHIMDT, F.L., ONES, D.S. & HUNTER, J.E. (1992). Personnel selection. Annual Review of Psychology, 43, 627-670. PLOYHART, R.E., McFARLAND, L.A. & RYAN, A.M. (2002). Examining applicants' attributions for withdrawal from a selection procedure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 2228-2252.
TZINER, A., JEANRIE, C. et CUSSON, S. (1993). La sélection du personnel. Concepts et applications. Laval : Éditions Agence d'Arc. SACKETT, P.R. & LIEVENS, F. (2008). Personnel selection. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 419-450. [PDF]
BORMAN, W.C., HANSON, M.A. & HEDGE, J.W. (1997). Personnel selection. Annual Review of Psychology, 48, 299-337. [PDF] VAN IDDEKINGE, C.H., FERRIS, G.R., PERREWÉ, P.L., PERRYMAN, A.A., BLASS, F.R. & HEETDERKS, T.D. (2009). Effects of selection and training on unit-level performance over time : A latent growth modeling approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94, 829-843. [PDF]
SCHIMDT, F.L. & HUNTER, J.E. (1998). The validity of selection methods in personnel psychology : Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124 (2), 262-274. [PDF] ANDERSEN, E.A. (2009). Working in long-term residential care : a qualitative metasummary encompassing roles, working environments, work satisfaction, and factors affecting recruitment and retention of nurse aides. Global Journal of Health Science, 1 (2), 2-42. [PDF]
RYAN, A.M., McFARLAND, L.A., BARON, H. & PAGE, R. (1999). An international look at selection practices: Nation and culture as explanations for variability in practice. Personnel Psychology, 52, 359-391. RYAN, A.-M. & PLYART, R.R. (2014). A century of selection. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 693-717.

Voir Entreprise, Comité de sélection et Entrevue d'embauche

Sélection naturelle : Processus biologique et écologique proposé par Darwin et Wallace pour expliquer l'adaptation et l'évolution des espèces. Ce processus suppose que : 1) chez une espèce donnée, il existe des caractéristiques qui favorisent la survie et la reproduction des individus (EX: avoir des dents plus tranchantes pour un carnivore); 2) Les individus qui possèdent ces caractéristiques auront donc plus de chance de se reproduire, donc plus de descendants (EX: Des dents plus tranchantes permettent de manger plus rapidement, donc d'être en meilleure santé, ce qui favorise la reproduction); 3) Certaines de ces caractéristiques sont acquises (comportements), d'autres sont hériditaires (À la suite d'une mutation, un (ou des gènes) a modifié la structure des dents, les rendant plus tranchantes); 4) En conséquence, la fréquence du ou des gènes qui codent ces caractéristiques aura tendance à augmenter d'une génération à l'autre (EX: Les gènes de la dent tranchante vont se multiplier car les porteurs de ce gène sont plus nombreux au sein de la population, et ils auront à leur tour, probablement, plus de descendants). En conclusion, on dira que la caractéristique dents plus tranchantes a été naturellement sélectionnée par les pressions évolutives du milieu. Sélection naturelle et mutation. = sélection des espèces. Natural selection.
   
DARWIN, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London : John Murray. COSMIDES, L. & TOOBY, J. (1991). Reasoning and natural selection. In Encyclopedia of human biology (Vol. 6). San Diego : Academic Press.
BAGEHOT, W. (1872.). Physics and politics, or, thoughts on the application of the principles of "natural selection" and "Inheritance" to political society. London : Henry King. WILLIAMS, G.C. (1992). Natural selection : Domains, levels, and challenges. New York : Oxford University Press.
CASTLE, W.E. (1916). Is selection or mutation the more important agencyin evolution ? Scientific Monthly 2, 91-98. CATANIA, A.C. (1994). The natural and artificial selection of verbal behavior. In S.C. Hayes, L.J. Hayes, M. Sato & K. Ono (Eds.), Behavior analysis of language and cognition (pp. 31-49). Context Press.
FISHER, R.A. (1930). The genetical theory Of natural selection. Oxford : Clarendon Press.  STEPHAN, W. & CHO, S.W. (1994). Possible role of natural selection in the formation of tandem-repetitive non-coding DNA. Genetics, 136, 333-341. [PDF]
FISHER, R.A. (1930/58). The genetical theory of natural selection. Oxford : Clarendon Press/Dover. SIMPSON, J.A. (1994). Adaptation and natural selection : A new look at some old ideas. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 17, 634-636.
FISHER, R.A. (1934). Indeterminism and natural selection. Philosophy of Science, 1, 99-117. CATANIA, A.C. (2001). Natural selection. In R.J. Corsini (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 452-455). Wiley.
WADDINGTON, C.H. (1952). Selection of the genetic basis for an acquired character. Nature, 169, 278. CZIKO, G. (1995). Without miracles : Universal selection theory and the second Darwinian revolution. Cambridge : MIT Press.
CAMPBELL, D.T. (1965). Variation, selection, and retention in sociocultural evolution. In H.R. Barringer, G.I. Blanksten, and R.W. Mack (Eds.), Social change in developing areas : A reinterpretation of evolutionary theory (pp. 19–49). Cambridge, Mass. : Schenkman. KOMAROVA, N.L. & NOWAK, M.A. (2001). Natural selection of the critical period for language acquisition. Proceedings of the Royal Society London (Biological Sciences), 268, 1189-1196.
WILLIAMS, G.C. (1966). Adaptation and natural selection. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press. HULL, D.L., LANGMAN, R.E. & GLENN, S.S. (2001). A general account of selection : Biology, immunology, and behavior. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 24, 511-573. [PDF]
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1970). Natural selection and the concept of protein space. Nature, 225, 563-564. HOCHBERG, M.E., SINERVO, B. & BROWN, S.P. (2003). Socially mediated Selection. Evolution, 57, 154-158.
LEWONTIN, R.C. (1978). Adaptation and natural selection. Scientific American, 293, 212-228. BAMSHAD, M. & WOODING, S.P. (2003). Signatures of natural selection in the human genome. Nature Reviews Genetics, 4, 99-111.
HULL, D.L. (1980). Individuality and selection. Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics, 11, 311-332. [PDF] WILSON, D.S. (2004). Natural selection and complex systems : a complex interaction. In C. Hemelrijk (Ed.), Self-organization and evolution of biological and social systems. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press. [PDF]
GOULD, S.J. (1980). Sociobiology and the theory of natural selection. In G.W. Barlow & J. Silverberg (Eds.), Sociobiology : beyond nature/nurture ? Reports, definitions and debate (pp. 257-269). Boulder, CO : Westview.
RICHARDS, R.J. (1981). Natural selection and other models in the historiography of science. In M.B. Brewer & B.E. Collins (Eds.), Scientific inquiry and the social sciences : A volume in honor of Donald T. Campbell (pp. 37-76). San Francisco, CA : Jossey-Bass. KOHN, M. (2004). A reason for everything : Natural selection and the english imagination. London : Faber.
SMITH, T.L. (1983). Skinner’s environmentalism : The analogy with natural selection. Behaviorism, 11, 133-153. SWELLER, J. (2004). Instructional design consequences of an analogy between evolution by natural selection and human cognitive architecture. Instructional Science, 32, 9-31. [PDF]
GRAFEN, A. (1984). Natural selection, kin selection and group selection. In J.R. Krebs & N.B. Davies (Eds.), Behavioral ecology (pp. 62-91). Sinauer. FORT, P. (2007). L'effet Darwin : Sélection naturelle et naissance de la civilisation. Paris : Seuil.
SOBER, E. (1984). The nature of selection: Evolutionary theory in philosophical focus. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press. JABLONSKI, D. (2008). Species selection : theory and data. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution & Systematics, 39, 501-524. [PDF]
MAYNARD SMITH, J. HARPER, D.G.C. & BROOKFIELD, J.F.Y. (1988 ). The evolution of aggresion: can selection generate variability ? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B, 319, 557-570. THAGARD, P. & FINDLAY, S. (2010). Getting to Darwin : Obstacles to accepting evolution by natural selection. Science & Education, 19, 625-636.
COSMIDES, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange : Has natural selection shaped how humans reason ? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31, 187-276. [PDF] GORELICK, R. & HENG, H.H.Q. (2011). Sex reduces genetic variation : a multidisciplinary review. Evolution, 65, 1088-1098. [PDF]
PINKER, S. & BLOOM, P. (1990). Natural language and natural selection. Behavior & Brain Sciences, 13, 713-783 LINNENBRINK-GARCIA, L., PUGH, K., KOSKEY, K.L.K. & STEWART, V. (2012). Developing conceptual understanding of natural selection : The role of interest, efficacy, and basic prior knowledge. The Journal of Experimental Education, 80, 45-68.

STAHLMAN, W.D. & CATANIA, A.C. (2019). Evolutionary biology and the natural selection of behavior. In E.K. Morris & P. McKerchar (Eds.), Encyclopedia of child and adolescent development. Wiley.

Voir aussi Évolution et Sélection sexuelle
Sélection scolaire : Sélection faite par les écoles dans le but de choisir certains élèves, /étudiants, notamment sur la base des notes ou d'aptitudes sportives ou artistiques que l'on évalue au moyen de test psychometriques. Educational selection.
   
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (1966). Standards for educational and psychological tests. Washington DC : American Psychological Association.
DRENTH, P.J.D. (1977). Prediction of school performance : School grades or psychological tests ? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 8, 49-68.
DRENTH, P.J.D. FLIER, H. & OMARI, I.M. (1983). Educational selection in Tanzania. Evaluation in Education, 7, 93-217


Sélection sexuelle : Compétition entre les individus de même sexe en vue de l'accouplement (et donc de la reproduction). Selon Darwin, cette compétition intraspécifique (c-à-d entre individus d'une même espèce) est à l'origine de l'évolution de certains traits héréditaires. Sexual selection, mate selection, selection on sex.
   
DARWIN, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London : John Murray. WIEDERMAN, M.W. & ALLGEIER, E.R. (1992). Gender differences in mate selection criteria. Sociobiological or socioeconomic explanation ? Ethology & Sociobiology, 13, 115-124.
FISHER, R.A. (1915). The evolution of sexual preference. Eugenics Review, 7, 184-192. PRATTO, F., SIDANIUS, J. & STALLWORTH, L.M. (1993). Sexual selection and the sexual and ethnic basis of social hierarchy. In L. Ellis (Ed.), Social Stratification and socioeconomic inequality : A comparative biosocial analysis (pp. 111-137). Praeger.
BATEMAN, A.J. (1948). Intra-sexual selection in drosophila. Heredity, 2, 349-368. ANDERSSON, M. (1994). Sexual Selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  SPRECHER, S., SULLIVAN, Q. & HATFIELD, E. (1994). Mate selection preferences : Gender differences examined in a national sample. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66 (6), 1074-1080. [PDF]
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TRIVERS, R.L. (1972). Parental investment and sexual selection. In B.H. Campbell (Ed.), Sexual selection and the descent of Man, 1871-1971 (pp. 136-179). Chicago : Aldine. CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H., ROSE, K.E. & GUINSESS, F.E. (1997). Density-related changes in sexual selection in red deer. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 264, 1509-1516.
ZAHAVI A. (1975). Mate selection : a selection for a handicap. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 53, 205-214. DUGATKIN, L.A. (1992). Sexual selection and imitation : females copy the mate choice of others. American Nature, 139, 1384-1389.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1976). Sexual selection and the handicap principle. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 57, 239-242. GRAMMER, K. & THORNHILL, R. (1994). Human (Homo sapiens) facial attractiveness and sexual selection : The role of symmetry and averageness. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 108, 233-242.
ROWLAND, W.J. (1982). Mate choice by male sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus. Animal Behavior, 30, 1093-1098. MOORE, A.J. (1994). Genetic evidence for the "good genes" process of sexual selection. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 35, 235-241.
KIRKPATRICK, M. (1982). Sexual selection and the evolution of female choice. Evolution, 36, 1-12. WIENS, J.J. & MORRIS, M.J. (1996). Character definitions, sexual selection, and the evolution of swordtails. American Naturalist, 147, 866-869.
ARAK, A. (1983). Sexual selection by male-male competition in natterjack toad choruses. Nature, 306, 261-262. MILLER, G.F. (1998). How mate choice shaped human nature : a review of sexual selec-tion and human evolution. In C. Crawford & D. Krebs (Eds.), Handbook of evolutionary psychology : Ideas, issues, and applications (pp. 87-130). Englewood Cliffs : Erlbaum Associates.
KODRIC-BROWN, A. & BROWN, J.H. (1984). Truth in advertising : the kinds of traits favored by sexual selection. American Naturalist, 124, 309-323. WIEDERMAN, M.W. & DUBOIS, S.L. (1998). Evolution and sex differences in preferences for short-term mates : Results from a policy capturing study. Evolution & Human Behavior, 19, 153–170. [PDF]
WELDON, P.J. & BURGHARDT, G.M. Deception divergence and sexual selection. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologe, 65, 89-102. SMITH, E.O. (2000). High heels, halux valgus, and sexual selection. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 30 (S), 285.
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  PLAVCAN, J.M. (2004). Sexual selection, measures of sexual selection, and dimorphism in primates. In P.M. Kappeler & C.P. van Schaik (Eds.), Sexual selection in primates : New and comparative perspectives (pp. 230-252). Cambridge, Great Britain : Cambridge University Press.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1985). Mini review. Sexual selection, handicaps, and true fitness. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 115, 1-8. GEARY, D.C. (2006). Sex differences in social behavior and cognition : The utility of sexual selection for hypothesis generation. Hormones & Behavior, 49, 273-275. [PDF]
VAN DEN BERGHE, P.L. & FROST, P. (1986). Skin color preference, sexual dimorphism and sexual selection : A case of gene-culture co-evolution ? Ethnic & Racial Studies, 9, 87–113. GEARY, D.C. (2006). Sexual selection and the evolution of human sex differences. Psychological Topics, 15 (2), 203-238.
BUSS, D.M. & BARNES, M. (1986). Preferences in human mate selection. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 50, (3), 559-570. [PDF] LODÉ, T. (2006). La guerre des sexes chez les animaux, une histoire naturelle de la sexualité. Paris : Odile Jacob.
POMANKOWSKI, A. (1987). The costs of choice in sexual selection. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 128, 195-218. PELLETIER, F. & FESTA-BIANCHET, M. (2006). Sexual selection and social rank in big horn rams. Animal Behaviour, 71, 649-655.
BUSS, D.M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences : Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 12, 1-14. CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H., HODGE, S.J., SPONG, G., RUSSELL, A.F., JORDAN, N.R., BENNETT, N.C., SHARPE, L.L. & MANSER, M.B. (2006). Intrasexual competition and sexual selection in cooperative mammals. Nature, 444 (7122), 1065-1068.
KODRIC-BROWN, A. (1990). Mechanisms of sexual selection : Insights from fish. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 27, 87-100. FROST, P. (2006). European hair and eye color : A case of frequency-dependent sexual selection ? Evolution & Human Behavior, 27, 85-103. [PDF]
ZAHAVI, A. (1991). On the definition of sexual selection, Fisher’s model, and the evolution of waste and of signals in general. Animal Behaviour, 42 (3), 501-503. HAUFE, S. (2008). Sexual selection and mate choice in evolutionary psychology. Biology & Philosophy, 23 (1), 115-128.
CRONIN, H. (1992). The ant and the peacock : Altruism and sexual selection from Darwin to today. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. AGRAWAL, A.F. (2009). Differences between selection on sex versus recombination in red queen models with diploid hosts. Evolution, 63, 2131-2141. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Sélection naturelle
Sélection sociale : Par opposition à la Sélection naturelle, qui sélectionne les individus les mieux adaptés, la sélection sociale ou culturelle opère selon de nombreux critères, comme la beauté, l'intelligence, la force, les habiletés verbales, etc. Ces critères varient beaucoup d'un milieu à l'autres. Par exemple, pour jouer au basketball professionel (NBA) il faut être grand, très peu de joueur font moins d'un mètre 90. La taille est donc un criète de sélection puisque les individus qui ne satisfont ce critère ne seront pas choisis. Social selection.
  CLOSSON, C.C. (1896). Dissociation by displacement : A phase of social selection. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 10 (2), 156-186.
CLOSSON, C.C. (1896). Social selection. Journal of Political Economy, 4 (4), 449-466.

Voir aussi Sélection naturelle et Darwinisme sociale
Self : Anglicisme. Voir Auto et Soi.
Self & Identity : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude du soi. Éditeur : Taylor & Francis.
NEFF, K.D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self & Identity, 2, 223-250. [PDF]
 
Seligman Martin Elias Peter (New York 1942-) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain et chef de file de la psychologie positive. Avec Maier et Solomon, il a élaboré une théorie pour expliquer la résignation acquise. Président de l'APA en 1998. Professeur de Mineka. Collaborateur d'Abramson, Alloy, Csikszentmihalyi, Metalsky, Nolen-Hoeksema, Overmier, Rachman, Rosenhan et Teasdale.

No 31
SELIGMAN, M.E.P. & MAIER, S.F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74 (1), 1-9. [PDF]
SELIGMAN, M.E.P., MAIER, S.F. & GEER, J. (1968). The alleviation of learned helplessness in dogs. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 73, 256-262.
SELIGMAN, M.E.P. (1971). Phobias and preparedness. Behavior Therapy, 2, 307-320.
SELIGMAN, M.E.P. & CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. (2000). Positive psychology : An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
SELIGMAN, M.E.P., STEEN, T.A., PARK, N. & PETERSON, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress : Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60 (5), 410-421. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, B. (1974). On going back to nature : A review of Seligman and Hager's biological boundaries of learning. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21 (1), 183-198. [PDF]
WEINTRAUB, M. & SCHULMAN, A. (1980). Coping behavior : Learned helplessness, physiological change, and learned inactivity; An interchange between Martin E.P. Seligman and Jay Weiss. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 18, 457-512.
ROBINS, C.J. & BLOCK, P. (1989). Cognitive theories of depression viewed from a diathesis-stress perspective : Evaluation of the models of Beck and Abramson, Seligman and Teasdale. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 13 (4), 297-313.
TITUS, C.S. (2008). Le développement moral dans la psychologie morale de Lawrence Kohlberg et de Martin Seligman. Revue d'Éthique et de Théologie Morale, 251, 31-50. [PDF]
Sellars Roy Wilfrid (1912-1989) : Philosophe du langage et épistémologue américain. Il est un ardent défenseur du positivisme logique. Professeur de Greeno. Collaborateur de Meehl.
SELLARS, W. (1955). My philosophical position : A rejoinder. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 16, 72-97.
SELLARS, W. (1960). Being and being known. Proceedings of The American Catholic Philosophical Association, 34, 28-49.
SELLARS, W. (1963). Phenomenalism. In W. Sellars (Ed.), Science perception and reality. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul.
SELLARS, W. (1963). Science, perception and reality. London : Routledge and Kegan Paul.
SELLARS, W. (1965). The identity approach to the mind-body problem. Review of Metaphysics, 18, 430-451.
Sellers Robert M. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste dans l'étude de l'identité culturelle et raciale. Il s'intéresse également à la psychologie des athlètes.
SELLERS, R.M. (1992). Racial Differences in the predictors of academic achievement for student-athletes in division I revenue producing sports. Sociology of Sport Journal, 9 (1), 48-60.
SELLERS, R.M., SMITH, M.A., SHELTON, J.N.M., ROWLEY, S.A.J. & CHAVOUS, T.M. (1998). Multidimensiona model of racial identity : A reconceptualization of African American racial identity. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 2 (1), 18-39.
SELLERS, R.M., CALDWELL, C.H., SCHMEELK-CONE, K.H. & ZIMMERMANN, M.A. (2003). Racial identity, racial discrimination, perceived stress, and psychological distress among African American young adults. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 44 (3), 302-317.
SELLERS, R.M. & SHELTON, J.N. (2003). The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84 (5), 1079-1092.
SELLERS, R.M., COPELAND-LINDER, N., MARTIN, P.P. & L'HEUREUX-LEWIS, E. (2006). Racial identity matters : The relationship between racial discrimination and psychological functioning in African. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 16 (2), 187-216. [PDF]
Seltzer Marsha M. : Voir Mailick.
Selye Hugo Bruno Hans (Vienne 1907-1982 Montréal) : Biologiste et endocrinologue québécois d'origine autrichienne. Il a développé la toute première théorie du stress. Selon lui, le syndrome général d'adaption (SGA) d'un organisme à un stresseur se déroule en trois temps ou phases : la phase d'alarme, la phase de réaction et la phase d'épuisement.
SELYE, H. (1936). A syndrome produced by diverse nocuousagents. Nature, 138, 32. [PDF]
SELYE, H. (1945). The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 6, 117-230.
SELYE, H. (1955). Stress and disease. Science, 122, 625-631.
SELYE, H. (1982). History and present status of the stress concept. In L. Goldberger & B. Shlomo (Eds.), Handbook of stress. New York : The Free Press Collier Macmillan.
SELYE, H. (1988). Stress sans détresse. Montréal : La presse.
SZABO, S. (1985). The creative and productive life of Hans Selye : a review of his major scientific discoveries. Experientia, 41, 564–567.
MALMO, R.B. (1986). Obituary : Hans Hugo Selye (1907-1982). American Psychologist, 41 (1), 92-93.
PETTIGREW, M.P. & LEEK, K. (2011). "The "father of stress" meets "big tobacco" : Hans Selye and the tobacco industry". American Journal of Public Health 101 (3), 411–418.
Selz Otto (Munich 1881-1943 Auschwitz) : Psychologue allemand et membre de l'École de Würzburg. Il s'intéresse notamment à la créativité.
SELZ, O. (1913). Über die gesetze des geordneten Denkverlaufs. Stuttgart : Spemann.
SELZ, O. (1922). Zur psychologie des produktiven denkens und des irrtums. Bonn : Friedrich Cohen.
 

 
TER HARK, M. (2010). The psychology of thinking before the cognitive revolution : Otto Selz on problems, schemas and creativity. History of Psychology, 13, 2-24.
Sémantique : Étude de la signification du langage, de la correspondance entre les mots et leurs multiplesreprésentations. Semantic conception, semantic filed.
 
Éléments du code linguistique
Grammaire Ponctuation Syntaxe
Orthographe Sémantique
 
 
TARSKI, A. (1944). The semantic conception of truth and the foundations of semantics. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 4, 341-376. ABELSON, R.P., KINDER, D.R., PETERS, M.D. & FISKE, S.T. (1982). Affective and semantic components in political person perception. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 42, 619-630.

KEIL, F.C. (1983). On the On the emergence of semantic and conceptual distinctions. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 112 (3), 357-389.

KEIL, F.C. (1983). Semantic inferences and the acquisition of word meaning. In T. B. Seiler and W. Wannemacher (Eds.), Concept development and the development of word meaning. Berlin : Springer-Verlag.
SACHS, J.S. (1967). Recognition memory for syntactic and semantic aspects of connected discourse. Perception & Psychophysics, 2, 437-442. PICOCHE, J. (1986). Structures sémantiques du lexique français. Paris : Nathan Recherche.
PERFETTI, C.A. & GOODMAN, D. (1970). Semantic constraint on the decoding of ambiguous words. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 420-427. JACKENDOFF, R.S. (1990). Semantic structures. Cambridge : The MIT Press.
KATZ, J.J. (1971). Semantic theory. New York : Harper International Edition. DUBOIS, D. (Ed.) (1991). Sémantique et cognition. Paris : Editions du CNRS.
LEECH ,G.N. (1974). Semantics. Baltimore : Penguin. RASTIER, F. [1991] : Sémantique et recherches cognitives. Paris : PUF.
LEHRER, A. (1974). Semantic fields and lexical structure. Amsterdam : North-Holland. POTTIER, B. (1992). Sémantique générale. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
BARCLAY, J.R., BRANSFORD, J.D., FRANKS, J.J., MCCARREL, N.S. & NITSCH, K. (1974). Comprehension and semantic flexibility. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 13, 471-481. SHALLICE, T. (1993). Multiple semantics : Whose confusions ? Cognitive Neuropsychology, 10, 251-261.
GRICE, H.P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole and J. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3, pp. 41-58). New York : Academic Press. LUND, K., BURGESS, C. & ATCHLEY, R.A. (1995). Semantic and associative priming in a high-dimensional semantic space. Cognitive Science Proceedings (LEA), 660-665.
 COLLINS, A.M. & LOFTUS, E.F. (1975). A spreading activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review, 82, 407-428.  LE NY, J.F. (1998). La sémantique des verbes et la représentation des situations. Cahier de Recherche Linguistique, 12, 85-100.
BOWERMAN, M. (1976). Semantic factors in the acquisition of rules for word use and sentence construction. In D.M. Morehead & A.E. Morehead (Eds.), Normal and deficient child language (pp. 99-179). Baltimore : University Park Press. MAYR, U. & KLIEGL, R. (2000). Complex semantic processing in old age : Does it stay or does it go ? Psychology & Aging, 15, 29-34. [PDF]
JOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N. (1977). Procedural semantics. Cognition, 5, 189-214. POLGUÈRE, A. (2003). Lexicologie et sémantique lexicale. Montréal : Les Presses Universitaires de Montréal.
LYONS, J. (1977). Semantics. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. BRACKENBURY, T. & PYE, C. (2005). Semantic deficits in children with language impairments : Issues for clinical assessment. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 36, 5-16. [PDF]
 LE NY, J.F. (1979). La sémantique psychologique. Paris : PUF PULVERMÜLLER, F., MOSELEY, R.L., EGOROVA, N., SHEBANI, Z. & BOULENGER, V. (2014). Motor cognition–motor semantics : action perception theory of cognition and communication. Neuropsychologia, 55, 71-84.

Voir aussi Mémoire sémantique, Langage, Concept et Mot
Semi-nombre : Le nombre est constitué de symboles (chiffres) qui possèdent deux propriétés : l'ordinalité et la cardinalité. Le terme ordinal désigne l'ordre ou le rang des nombres (3 > 2 > 1); le terme cardinal désigne une quantité x du phénomène étudié (trois poussins, deux belettes, une souris). Un semi-nombre est ordinal mais non cardinal. EX: Ce lexique contient 5000 mots (cardinalité), mais il est tout de même moins volumineux que le Multidictionnaire (ordinalité).
   
Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages aux traitements des troubles neurocognitifs.
McKEITH, I.G., BURN, D., O'BRIEN, J., PERRY, R. & PERRY. E. (2003). Dementia with Lewy bodies. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 8 (1), 46-57. [PDF]
 
Sémiologie : Science qui étudie le rôle et la signification des signes. = sémiotique. ( ): Barthes, Eco, Kristeva, Lemke, Peirce, Saussure, Sebeok, Wilden. Semiotics.
   
LANDRE-BEAUVAIS, A.J. (1815). Sémiotique ou traité des signes des maladies. Paris : Brosson JA. Lib.
DOUBLE, F.J. (1817). Sémiologie générale ou traité des signes et de leur valeur dans les maladies. Paris : Croullebois Lib.
HALLIDAY, M.A.K. (1978). Language as a social semiotic. London : Edward Arnold.
GALANTUCCI, B. (2009). Experimental semiotics : A new approach for studying communication as a form of joint action. Topics in Cognitive Science, 1 (2), 393-410.

 
Semiotica : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à la linguistique. Éditeur : Gruyter.
ANDRESEN, J. (1983). Signs and systems in Condillac and Saussure. Semiotica, 44 (3-4), 259-281.
 
Semite : Sémistisme : Voir Antisémitisme. Antisemitism.
Semmelweis Ignace (Buda Hongrie 1818-1865) : Médecin hongrois. Il a découvert un moyen d'éviter la propagation de la la fièvre puerpérale (utilisation de la chaux pour se désinfecter les mains). Cité en exemple par Hempel pour illustrer l'empirisme et la pensée scientifique et par Louis-Ferdinand Céline, qui en a fait le sujet de sa thèse de doctorat.
SEMMELWEIS, I. (1861). Die a ätiologie, der begriff und die prophylaxe des kindbettfiebers. Hartleben’s : Verlags-Expedition.



 
 
CÉLINE, L.F. (1924). La vie et l'oeuvre d'Ignace Philippe Semmelweis.
CÉLINE, L.F. (1952). Semmelwies. Paris : Gallimard.
Senécal/Sénécal/Sénéchal
Caroline Senécal Sylvain Sénécal Monique Sénéchal
Gilles Sénécal    
 
Senécal Caroline ( ) : Psychosociologue québécoise et spécialiste de l'étude de la procrastination et de la motivation. Collaboratrice de Koestner, Lavoie, Pelletier et Vallerand.
SENECAL, C., VALLERAND, R.J. et PELLETIER, L.G. (1992). Type de programme universitaire et sexe de l'étudiant : effets sur la perception du climat et sur la motivation. Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation, 18 (3), 375-388. [PDF]
SENECAL, C., KOESTNER, R. & VALLERAND, R.J. (1995). Self-regulation and academic procrastination. Journal of Social Psychology, 135 (5), 607-619. [PDF] + [PDF]
SENECAL, C., LAVOIE, K.L. & KOESTNER, R. (1998). Trait and situational factors in procrastination. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 12, 889-903.
SENECAL, C. & GUAY, F. (2000). Procrastination in job-seeking : An analysis of motivational processes and feelings of hopelessness. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 15 (5), 267-282. [PDF]
SENÉCAL, C., JULIEN, E. & GUAY, F. (2003). Role conflict and academic procrastination : a self-determination perspective. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 135-145. [PDF]
Sénécal Gilles ( ) : Spécialiste de l'environnement urbain et des villes. Il enseigne à l'INRS.
SÉNÉCAL, G., CLOUTIER, G. MÉTHÉ-MYRAND, L. et DUBÉ, A. (2010). Les grands projets résidentiels au défi de la concertation de quartier. Le cas des Tables de quartier à Montréal. Annales de la Recherche Urbaine, 106, 70-79.
SÉNÉCAL, G., MÉTHÉ-MYRAND, L. et DUBÉ, A. (2010). Prévention des gangs de rue à Montréal : autour d'un projet de médiation urbaine. Criminologie, 43 (1), 91-114.
SÉNÉCAL, G. (2011). Concertation et santé : l'expérience des "Tables de quartier" à Montréal. La Santé de l'Homme, 414, 36-37.
SÉNÉCAL, G. (2012). Community development and social actor theories : a case study in Montréal (Canada). Social Geography, 7, 37-46.
SÉNÉCAL, G. et SAINT-LAURENT-SÉNÉCAL, H. (2014). L'acteur : questions de méthode, dans S. Breux, J.-P. Collin, et C. Gingras (Dirs.), Représenter la ville : apports et méthodes (p. 41-62). Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval.
Sénécal Sylvain ( ) : Spécialiste de la mise en marché et de la consommation. Il enseigne aux HEC/Université de Montréal. Collaborateur de Nantel.
SÉNÉCAL, S. & NANTEL, J. (2000). Stopping variables in online buying processes : An innovation diffusion approach. Proceedings of the 6th Americas Conference on Information Systems, 5, 1380-1385.
SÉNÉCAL, S. & NANTEL, J. (2002). Online influence of relevant others : A framework. Quarterly Journal of Electronic Commerce. [PDF]
SÉNÉCAL, S. & NANTEL, J. (2004). The influence of online product recommendations on consumers' online choices. Journal of Retailing, 80 (2) 159-169. [PDF]
SÉNÉCAL, S., KALCZYNSKI, P.J. & NANTEL, J. (2005). Consumers' decision-making process and their online shopping behavior : a clickstream analysis. Journal of Business Research, 58 (11), 1599-1608.
SÉNÉCAL, S., PULLINS, E.B. & BUEHRER, R.E. (2007). The extent of technology usage and sales people : an exploratory investigation. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 22 (1), 52-61.
Sénéchal Monique ( ) : Psychologue canadienne et spécialiste de l'étude de la lecture, de la littéracie, de l'acquisition du vocabulaire et du comportement d'épeler.
SÉNÉCHAL, M. & CORNELL, E.H. (1993). Vocabulary acquisition through shared reading experiences. Reading Research Quarterly, 28, 360-374.
SÉNÉCHAL, M. (1997). The differential effect of storybook reading on preschoolers' acquisition of expressive and receptive vocabulary. Journal of Child Language, 24, 123–138. [PDF]
SÉNÉCHAL, M. & LEFEVRE, J.-A. (2002). Parental involvement in the development of children's readind skills : A five-years longitudinal study. Child Development, 73 (2), 445-460. [PDF]
SÉNÉCHAL, M. (2006). Testing the home literacy model : Parent involvement in kindergarten is differentially related to grade 4 reading comprehension, fluency, spelling, and reading for pleasure. Journal for the Scientific Study of Reading, 10, 59-87. [PDF]
SÉNÉCHAL, M. & LEFEVRE, J.-A. (2014). Continuity and change in the home literacy environment as predictors of growth in vocabulary and reading. Child Development, 85, 1535-1551.
Sens : Récepteurs sensoriels spécialisés qui joent deux rôles importants : 1) détecter des changements physiques survenant dans l'environnement ou dans l'organisme et 2) transmettre cette information au système nerveux central. Sens, sensation et privation sensorielle. Senses.
 
Sens
Goût
Ouïe (audition)
Odorat (Olfaction)
Toucher
Vision
   
BEXTON, W.H., HERON, W.T. & SCOTT, T.H. (1954). Effects of decreased variation in the sensory environment. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 8, 70-76. ACKERMAN, D. (1990). A natural history of the senses. New York : Random House.
BARLOW, H.B. (1961). Possible principles underlying the transformation of sensory messages. Sensory Communication, 217-234. STEIN, B.E. & MEREDITH, M.A. (1993). The merging of the senses. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
  VAN BOVEN, R.W. & JOHNSON, K.O. (1994). A psychophysical study of the mechanisms of sensory recovery following nerve injury in humans. Brain, 117, 149-167.
GIBSON, J.J. (1966). The senses considered as perceptual systems. Boston : Houghton Mifflin. TINDALL-FORD, S., CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (1997). When two sensory modes are better than one. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Applied, 3, 257-287.
BARLOW, H.B. (1972). Single units and sensation : A neuron doctrine for perceptual psychology ? Perception, 1 (4), 371-394. WADE, N.J. (2001). Abolition of the senses. Brain & Behavioural Science, 24, 243-244. [PDF]
   LE NY, J.F. (2005). Comment l'esprit produit du sens. Paris : Odile Jacob.
  WALLACE, M.T. & STEIN, B.E. (2007). Early experience determines how the senses will interact. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97 921-926.

Voir aussi Sensation et Perception
Sens (Bon) : Pour Descartes, le bon sens est l'art de distinguEr le vrai du faux. Il dit : «Le bon sens est la chose du monde la mieux partagée : car chacun croit en être si bien pourvu, que ceux même qui sont les plus difficiles à contenter en toute autre chose, n'ont point coutume d'en désirer plus qu'ils en ont. En quoi il n'est pas vraisemblable que tous se trompent ; mais plutôt cela témoigne que la puissance de bien juger, et distinguer le vrai du faux, qui est proprement ce qu'on nomme le bon sens ou la raison, est naturellement égale en tous les hommes ; et ainsi que la diversité de nos opinions ne vient pas de ce que les uns sont plus raisonnables que les autres, mais seulement de ce que nous conduisons nos pensées par diverses voies, et ne considérons pas les mêmes choses». = Gros bon sens.
   
DESCARTES, R. (1637). Le discours de la méthode.
Sens (Sixième) : Sixth sense.
   
WADE, N.J. (2003). The search for a sixth sense : The cases for vestibular, muscle, and temperature senses. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 12, 175-202.
Sens commun : Common sense.
   
PARFIT, D. (1979). Is common-sense morality self-defeating ? Journal of Philosophy, 76, 533-545.
STERNBERG, R.J., WAGNER, R.K., WILLIAMS, W.M. & HORVATH, J.A. (1995). Testing common sense. American Psychologist, 50 (11), 912-927.
Sensation : La sensation se déroule en au moins deux étapes : 1) Détection par les récepteurs sensoriels (sens) des changements physiques survenant dans l'environnement ou dans l'organisme et 2) transmission de cette information au système nerveux central. EX: les photons (stimulus lumineux) sont captés par la rétine (yeux) puis retransmis sous forme d'influx nerveux (information) au cortex visuel (cerveau). Sur le plan cognitif, on dira que la détection consiste à détecter et à transformer les stimuli en information brute, qui sera ensuite acheminée aux mémoires sensorielles. Sensation, sens et privation sensorielle. = ressentir, sensation physique. Sensation.
   
DELBOEUF, J. (1873). Étude psychophysique. Recherches théoriques et expérimentales sur la mesure des sensations et spécialement des sensations de lumière et de fatigue. Bruxelles : F. Hayez. PFAFFMANN, C. (1960). The pleasures of sensation. Psychological Review, 67, 253-268.
DELBOEUF, J. (1873). La mesure des sensations. Revue Scientifique de la France et de l'Étranger, 5 (3), 66-68.  
DELBOEUF, J. (1875). La mesure des sensations (I): Réponses à propos du logarithme des sensations. Revue Scientifique de la France et de l'Étranger, 8, (43), 1014-1017.  
PEIRCE, C.S. & JASTROW, J. (1884). On small differences of sensation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3 (1), 75-83.   ARMSTRONG, D.M. (1962). Bodily Sensations. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
STRATTON, G.M. (1895). The sensations are not the emotions. Psychological Review, 2, 173-174 PFAFFMANN, C. (1962). Sensory processes and their relation to behavior. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology : A study of a science (Vol. 4, pp. 380-416). New York : McGraw Hill.
BEAUNIS, H.E. (1889). Les sensations internes. Paris : Félix Alcan. ZUCKERMAN, M. (1971). Dimensions of sensation seeking. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 36 (1), 45-52.
ADRIAN, E.D. (1928). The basis of sensation. Londres : Christophers. SALAPATEK, P. & COHEN, L.B. (Eds.) (1987). Handbook of infant perception: From sensation to perception (Vol.1-2). New York : Academic Press.
GUILD, J. (1938). Are sensation intensities measurable ? British Association for the Advancement of Science, 108, 296-328. NATSOULAS, T. (1989). From visual sensations to the seen-now and the seen-from-here. Psychological Research, 51 (3), 87-92.
SMART, J.J.C. (1995). Sensations and brain process. In W. Lyons (Ed.), Modern philosophy of mind (pp. 117-132). London : J.M. Dent.
BORING, E.G. (1942). Sensation and perception in the history of experimental psychology. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. MESULAM, M.-M. (1998). From sensation to cognition. Brain, 121, 1013-1052.
BEXTON, W.H., HERON, W.T. & SCOTT, T.H. (1954). Effects of decreased variation in the sensory environment. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 8, 70-76. COREN, S. (2003). Sensation and perception. In I.B. Weiner (Ed.), Handbook of psychology : History of psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 85-108). New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. [PDF]
 
Sensation forte (Quête) : Sensation forte et risque. = goût du risque, quête de sensation forte. Sensation seeking.
   
ZUCKERMAN, M. (1971). Dimensions of sensation seeking. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 36 (1), 45-52. ZUCKERMAN, M. (1994). Behavioural expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
ZUCKERMAN, M., EYSENK, S. & EYSENK, H.J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America : Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 46, 139-149. ZUCKERMAN, M. (1994). Impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking : The biological foundations of a basic dimension of personality. In J.E. Bates & T.D Wachs (Eds.), Temperament : Individual differences at the interface of biology and behavior (pp. 219-255). Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association.
ZUCKERMAN, M. (1979). Sensation seeking : Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. ZUCKERMAN, M. (1996). Item revisions in the Sensation Seeking Scale Form V (SSS-V). EDRA : Environmental Design Research Association, 20 (4), 515.
ZUCKERMAN, M. (1990). The psychophysiology of sensation seeking. Journal of Personality, 58 (1), 313-345. SAXVIK, S. & JOIREMAN, J. (2005). Sensation seeking, felt gender compatibility, and psychosocial adjustment in women. Personality & Individual Differences, 38, 1505-1515.
  HENDERSON, V.R., HENNESSY, M., BARRETT, D.W., CURTIS, B., MCCOY-ROTH, M., TRENTACOSTE, N. & FISHBEIN, M. (2005). When risky is attractive: Sensation seeking and romantic partner selection. Personality & Individual Differences, 38 (2), 311-325.
COVENTRY, K.R. & BROWN, I.F. (1993). Sensation seeking, gambling and gambling addictions. Addiction, 88, 541-554. [PDF] PORTNOY, J., RAINE, A., CHEN, F.R., PARDINI, D., LOEBER, R. & JENNING, R. (2014). Heart rate and antisocial behavior : The mediating role of impulsive sensation seeking. Criminology, 52, 292-311.

Voir aussi Risque
Sensibilisation : Apparition soudaine d'une réponse par suite de la présentation répétée d'un stimulus qui auparavant ne déclenchait pas cette réponse. EX: La goutte d'eau que vous entendez présentement tomber dans votre lavabo, alors que vous vous promettez de réparer ce foutu robinet depuis deux ans. /désensibilisation. Sensitization.
   
BRIMER, C.J. & KAMIN, L.J. (1963). Disinhibition, habituation, sensitization, and the conditioned emotional response. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 56, 508-516.
OVERMIER, J.B. (2002). Sensitization, conditioning, and learning : Can they help us understand somatization and disability ? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 105-112.
Sensibilité (aux contingences) : Voir Contingences (sensibilité). Sensitivity to reinforcement schedules, reinforcement sensitivity, sensitivity to reward.
Sensualisme : Doctrine philosophique empiriste et matérialisme qui postule que toute connaissance provient des expériences sensorielles (et non de la raison). ():Locke, Condillac, Hélvétius.  Sensationism.
   
AUROUX, S. (1997). Sensualisme. Dans M. Melon (Dir.), Dictionnaire européen des Lumières. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
Sentence : Le terme a deux acceptions fort différentes : a) En philosophie, la sentence est une proposition ou un énoncé à caractère moral et général, donc, par définition, indémontrable, même s'il semble contenir une part de vérité indéniable (ce n'est pas faux, même si ce n'est pas totalement vrai). Les aphorismes sont souvent des sentences. b) En droit, la sentence désigne la décision rendue par un juge, un arbitre ou tout autre autorité en la matière (jugement). NDLR : Le juge prononce une sentence et le coupable purge sa peine. Sentencing.
   
a
 
b
BLAIR, I.V., JUDD, C.M. & CHAPLEAU, K.M. (2004). The influence of afrocentric facial features in criminal sentencing. Psychological Science, 15, 674-679.
Sentiment : Ce que l'on ressent, et que l'on continue à ressentir après y avoir songé ou tenté d'en comprendre les raisons. Contrairement à l'émotion qui surgit et s'estompe rapidement, le sentiment se développe et perdure. EX: Quand j'aime une fois, j'aime pour toujours (dixit Richard Desjardins). *émotion. Feeling, sentiment, mood.
 
Types de sentiment
Amour Haine  
Sentiment d'appartenance Sentiment de persécution Sentiment d'infériorité
Sentiment d'auto-efficacité Sentiment de sécurité Sentiment social
Sentiment de culpabilité Sentiment de supériorité  
 
   
TARDE, G. (1887). La logique sociale des sentiments. Revue Philosophique, 46, 561-594. SCHWARZ, N. (1990). Feelings as information : informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E.T. Higgins & R.M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition : Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 527-561). New York : Guilford.
BALDWIN, J.M. (1894). Handbook of psychology : Feeling and will. New York, N.Y. : Henry Holt. NATSOULAS, T. (1990). The pluralistic approach to the nature of feelings. Journal of Mind & Behavior, 11 (2), 173-217.
  FRIDJA, N.H., MESQUITA, B., SONEMANS, J. & VAN GOOZEN, S. (1991). The duration of affective phenomena or emotions, sentiments and passions. In K.T. Strongman (Ed.), International review of studies on emotion (Vol. 1., pp. 187-225). New York, NY : Wiley.
MANTEGAZZA, P. (1897). La physionomie et l'expression des sentiments. Paris : Alcan. REDER, L.M. & RITTER, F. (1992). What determines initial feeling of knowing ? Familiarity with question terms, not with the answer. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 18 (3), 435-451. [PDF]
RIBOT, T. (1904). La logique des sentiments. Psychological Bulletin, 1 (12), 433–436. FORSYTH, J.P. & EIFERT, G.H. (1996). The language of feeling and the feeling of anxiety : Contributions of the behaviorisms toward understanding the function-altering effects of language. The Psychological Record, 46, 607-649.
GARDINER, H.N. (1906). The definition of "feeling". Journal of Philosophy, Psychology & Scientific Methods, 3 (3), 57-62. LOEWENSTEIN, G.F., WEBER, E.U., HSEE, C.K. & WELCH, E.S. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 267-286. [PDF]
TITCHENER, E.B. (1908). Lectures on the elementary psychology of feeling and attention. New York : The Macmillan Co. SCHWARZ N. (2002). Situated cognition and the wisdom of feelings : Cognitive tuning. In L. Feldman Barrett & P. Salovey (Eds.), The wisdom in feelings (pp.144-166). New York : Guilford.
ALLPORT, F.H. (1922). A physiological-genetic theory of feeling and emotion. Psychological Review, 29, 132-139. [LIRE] PHAM, M.T. (2004). The logic of feeling. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14, 360-369.
KANTOR, J.R. (1923). The psychology of feeling or affective reactions. American Journal of Psychology, 34, 433-463. DIENER, E., NG, W., HARTER, J. & ARORA, R. (2008). Wealth and happiness across the world : Material prosperity predicts life evaluation, whereas psychosocial prosperity predicts positive feeling. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 99 (1), 52-61. [PDF]
DAVITZ, J.R. & DAVITZ, L.J. (1959). The communication of feelings by content-free speech. Journal of Communication, 9, 6-13. HUSSAIN, Z. & GRIFFITHS, M. (2009). The attitudes, feelings, and experiences of online gamers : A qualitative analysis. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12 (6), 747-753. [PDF]
KANTOR, J.R. (1966). Feelings and emotion as scientific events. Psychological Record, 16, 377-404. SCHWARZ N. (2012). Feelings-as-information theory. In P. Van Lange, A. Kruglanski & E.T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 289-308). Los Angeles, CA : Sage.
ZAJONC, R.B. (1980). Feeling and thinking : Preferences need no inferences. American Psychologist, 35, 151-175. [PDF] TOWNSEND, S., KIM, H. & MESQUITA, B. (2014). Are you feeling what I'm feeling ? Emotional similarity buffers stress. Social Psychology & Personality Science, 5 (5), 526-533.
BIRNBAUM, M.H. (1981). Thinking and feeling : A skeptical review. American Psychologist, 36, 99-101.

Voir aussi Affect, Humeur, Impression et Émotion
Sentiment d'appartenance (à un groupe)  : Sentiment d'attachement plus ou moins profond envers le groupe d'appartenance. Attachment to group.
   
SMITH, E.R., MURPHY, J. & COATS, S. (1999). Attachment to groups : Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 77, 94-110.

  Voir aussi Groupe d'appartenance
Sentiment d'auto-efficacité : Sentiment ou croyance que l'on quant à notre capacité d'agir, d'émettre un comportement. = efficacité personnelle, auto-efficacité. Self-efficacy.
   
BANDURA, A. & ADAMS, N.E. (1977). Analysis of Self-Efficacy Theory of Behavioral Change. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 1 (4), 287-310. [PDF] MARLATT, G.A., BAER, J.S. & QUIGLEY, L.A. (1995). Self-efficacy and addictive behaviour. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies (pp. 289-315). New York, NY : Cambridge University.
BANDURA, A. (1977). Self-efficacy : Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215. SCHUNK, D.H. (1995). Self-efficacy, motivation, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7 (2), 112-137. [PDF]
WOLPE, J. (1978). Self-efficacy theory and psychotherapeutic change : A square peg for a round hole. Advances in Behaviour Research & Therapy, 1, 231-236. ZIMMERMAN, B.J., BONNER, S. & KOVICH, R. (1996). Developing self-regulated learners : Beyond achievement to self-effiacy. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
FELTZ, D.L., LANDERS, D.M. & RAEDER, J. (1979). Enhancing self-efficacy in high-avoidance motor tasks : A comparison of modeling techniques. Journal of Sport Psychology, 1, 112-122.  
BANDURA, A. (1980). Self-referent thought : A developmental analysis of self-efficacy. Gestalt Theory, 2, 147-174. SYMBALUK, D.G., HETH, C.D., CAMERON, J. & PIERCE, W.D. (1997). Social modeling, monetary incentives, and pain endurance : The role of self-efficacy and pain perception. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 258-269.
ZIMMERMAN, B.J. & RINGLE, J. (1981). Effects of model persistence and statements of confidence on children's self-efficacy and problem solving. Journal of Educational Psychology, 73, 485-493.  
GOULD, D. & WEISS, M. (1981). The effects of model similarity and model talk on self-efficacy and muscular endurance. Journal of Sport Psychology, 3, 17-29,  
BANDURA, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 27, 115-126. BANDURA, A., BARBARANELLI, C., CAPRARA, G.V. & PASTORELLI, C. (1996). Multifaceted impact of self-efficacy beliefs on academic functioning. Child Development, 67, 1206-1222
FELTZ, D.L. & MUGNO, D.A. (1983). A replication of the path analysis of the causal elements in Bandura's theory of self-efficacy and the influence of autonomic perception. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 263-277.  
BANDURA, A. (1984). Recycling misconceptions of perceived self-efficacy. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 8, 231-255. ZIMMERMAN, B.J. (2000). Self-efficacy : An essential motive to learn. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 82-91. [PDF]
SCHUNK, D.H. & GUNN, T.P. (1985). Modeled importance of task strategies and achievement beliefs: Effects on self-efficacy and skill development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 5, 247-258. SCHWARZER, R. & RENNER, B. (2000). Social-cognitive predictors of health behavior : Action self- efficacy and coping self-efficacy. Health Psychology, 19, 487-495.
McAULEY, E. (1985). Modeling and self-efficacy : A test of Bandura's model. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 283-295. [PDF] RHODES, R.E. & COURNOYA, K.S. (2003). Self-efficacy, controllability and intention in the theory of planned behavior : Measurement redundancy or causal independence ? Psychology & Health, 18, 79-92.
BAER, J.S., HOLT, C.S. & LICHTENSTEIN, E. (1986). Self-eficacy and smoking re-examined : Construct validity and clinical utility. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 54, 846-852. SUSSKIND, J.E. (2005). Power Point’s power in the classroom : enhancing students’ self-efficacy and attitudes. Computers & Education, 45, 203-215. [PDF]
STRETCHER, V.J., DeVELLIS, B.M., BECKER, M.H. & ROSENSTOCK, I. M. (1986). The role of self-efficacy in achieving health behavior change. Health Education Quarterly, 13 (1), 73-91.  
WURTELE, S.K. (1986). Self-efficacy and athletic performance : A review. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 4, 290-301.  
BIGLAN, A. (1987). A behavior-analytic critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The Behavior Analyst, 10 (1), 1-15. [PDF] WILLIAMS, D.M. (2010). Outcome expectancy and self-efficacy : Theoretical implications of an unresolved contradiction. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 14, 417-425.
BRODY, E.B., HATFIELD, B.D. & SPALDING, W. (1988). Generalization of self-efficacy to a continuum of stressors upon mastery of a high-risk sport skill. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 10, 32-44.  
HOLLOWAY, J.B., BEUTER, A. & DUDA, J.L. (1988). Self-efficacy and training for strength in adolescent girls. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18, 699-719.  
GARLAND, H., WEINBERG, R., BRUYA, L. & JACKSON, A. (1988). Self-efficacy and endurance performance : A longitudinal field test of cognitive mediation theory. Applied Psychology : An International Review, 37, 381-394.  
SCHUNK, D.H. (1989). Self-efficacy and cognitive skill learning. In C. Ames & R. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education : Goals and cognitions (Vol. 3., pp. 13-44). San Diego: Academic.  
SCHUNK, D.H. (1989). Self-efficacy and achievement behaviors. Educational Psychology Review, 1, 173-208.  
GRAHAM, S. & HARRIS, K.R. (1989). Components analysis of cognitive strategy instruction : Effects on learning disabled students' compositions and self-efficacy. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 353-361,  
WEISS, M.R., WIESE, D.M. & KLINT, K.A. (1989). Head over heels with success : The relationship between self-efficacy and performance in competitive youth gymnastics. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 444-451.  
BARON, R.A. (1990). Environmentally-induced positive affect : Its impact on self-efficacy, task performance, negotiation, and conflict. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 368-384. SUSSKIND, J.E. (2008). Limits of PowerPoint’s power : Enhancing students’ self-efficacy and attitudes but not their behavior. Computers & Education, 50, 1228-1239.
McAULEY, E., COURNOYA, K.S & LETTUNICH, J. (1991). Effects of acute and long-term exercise on self-efficacy responses in sedentary, middle-aged males and females. The Gerontologist, 31, 534-542. FERREIRA-VALENTE, M.A., RIBEIRO, J.L.P. & JENSEN, M.P. (2009). Coping, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy and social support : Impact on adjustment to chronic pain. Escritos de Psicologia, 2 (3), 8-17. [PDF]
SCHUNK, D.H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231. [PDF]  
GEORGE, T.R., FELTZ, D.L. & CHASE, M.A. (1992). Effects of model similarity on self-efficacy and muscular endurance : A second look. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 14, 237-248.  
ZIMMERMAN, B.J., BANDURA, A. et MARTINEZ-PONS, M. (1992). Self-motivation for academic attainment : the role of self-efficacy beliefs and personal goal setting. American Educational Research Journal, 29, 663-676. [PDF]  
MARCUS, B.H., SELBY, V.C., NAAURA, R.S. & ROSSI, J.S. (1992). Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behaviour change. Research Quarterly for Exercise Sport, 63, 60-66. WILLIAMS, D.M. & RHODES, R.E. (2014). The confounded self-efficacy construct : conceptual analysis and recommendations for future research. Health Psychology Review, 12, 1-16. [PDF] + [PDF]
BANDURA, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V.S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 71-81). New York : Academic Press. [PDF]  

Voir aussi Théorie de l'auto-efficacité
Sentiment de culpabilité : Voir Culpabilité. Guilty.
Sentiment de persécution : Sentiment d'être persécuté par autrui ou par des forces occultes ou divines. Bien que ce sentiment puisse être fondé, il est souvent exagéré ou totalement dépourvu de fondement. Sentiment de persécution, paranoïa et délire. Persecutory delusion.
   
Voir aussi Personnalité paranoïaque, Paranoïa et Délire
Sentiment de savoir : Sentiment que l'on sait qu'une chose est vraie. Intuition du vrai. Feeling of knowing.
   
NELSON, T.O. & NARENS, L. (1980). A new technique for investigating the feeling of knowing. Acta Psychologica, 46, 69-80.
NELSON, T.O., GERLER, D. & NARENS, L. (1984). Accuracy of feeling of knowing judgments for predicting perceptual identification and relearning. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 113, 282-300.

Voir aussi Personnalité paranoïaque, Paranoïa et Délire
Sentiment de sécurité : Sentiment de bien-être que l'on éprouve en l'absence de danger ou de menace. Security belief.
   
JACOBSON, D. & BAR-TAL, D. (1995). Structure of security beliefs among Israeli students. Political Psychology, 16, 567-590.
BAR-TAL, D. & JACOBSON, D. (1998). A psychological perspective on security. Applied Psychology : An International Review, 47 (1), 59-71. [PDF]
SCHNEIER, B. (2003). Beyond fear : Thinking sensibly about security in an uncertain world. Springer-Verlag.
SCHNEIER, B. (2008). The psychology of security. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 5023, 50-79. [PDF]

Voir aussi Sentiment et Bien-être
Sentiment de supériorité : Sense of superiority.
   
BOND, M.H., KWAN, V.S.Y. & LI, C. (2000). Decomposing a sense of superiority : the differential social impact of self-regard and regard for others. Journal of Research in Personality, 34 (4), 537-553.
Sentiment d'infériorité : Concept développé par Adler pour désigner cette perception négative de soi, cette tendance à se diminuer et parfois même à se détester. Sentimement d'infériorité et syndrome de l'homme invisible. Feeling or sense of inferiority.



Sentiment social : Concept développé par Adler pour désigner la conscience d'appartenir à un groupe, à la société. Selon Adler, ce sentiment se développe vers 5-6 ans quand l'enfant réalise qu'il fait partie d'une famille.
   
Sentinelle : Dans un groupe, individu qui, en cas de danger, donne l'alerte. = sonneur d'alerte. Sentinel.
   
 CLUTTON-BROCK, T.H., O'RIAIN, M.J., BROTHERTON, P.N.M., GAYNOR, D., KANSKY, R., GRIFFIN, A.S. & MANSER, M. (1999). Selfish sentinels in cooperative mammals. Science, 284 (5420), 1640-1644.
Séparation : Séparer : Le mot a deux acceptions : a) Il renvoie à l'éloignement progressif (mais parfois brusque) entre les parents et leur enfants. Séparation, anxiété de sépartion et trouble d'anxiété de séparation. b) Fin d'une relation, notamment au sein d'un couple, parent ou non. Contrairement au divorce, la séparation ne nécessite pas une démarche légale pour être reconnue puisque les conjoints ne sont pas mariés. Séparation, divorce et famille. Separation, parental disrup, marital dissolution.
   
a
 
  Voir aussi Anxiété de séparation
b
LEVINGER, G. (1976). A social psychological perspective on marital dissolution. Journal of Social Issues, 32, 21-47. FRALEY, R.C. & SHAVER, P.R. (1998). Airport separations : A naturalistic study of adult attachment dynamics in separating couples. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75, 1198-1212.
LEVINGER, G. (1979) (Ed.). Divorce and separation : Context, causes and consequences. New York : Basic Books. CLOUTIER, R. (1999). La séparation parentale et facteurs d'ajustement de l'enfant, Portrait de famille. La Santé de l'Homme, 343, 14-16.
CLOUTIER, R., CAREAU, L. et DROLET, J. (1988). La garde de l'enfant après la séparation des parents : implications psychologiques. Psychologie Québec, 5, 6-7. CLOUTIER, R., FILION, L. et TIMMERMANS, H. (2001). Les parents se séparent... Pour mieux vivre la crise et aider son enfant. Montréal : Éditions de l'Hôpital Sainte-Justine.
CAREAU, L. et CLOUTIER, R. (1990). La garde de l'enfant après la séparation : profil psychosocial et appréciation des familles vivant trois formules différentes. Apprentissage et Socialisation, 13, 55-66. DRAPEAU, S., CLOUTIER, R., GAGNÉ, M.-H. et SAINT-JACQUES, M.-C. (2003). Conflits conjugaux et séparation parentale, impact sur l'adaptation de l'enfant. Revue Internationale d'Éducation Familiale, 7, 2.
DROLET, J. et CLOUTIER, R. (1992). L'évolution de la garde de l'enfant après la séparation parentale. Santé Mentale au Québec, 17, 31-54. SAINT-JACQUES, M.-C., TURCOTTE, D., DRAPEAU, S. et CLOUTIER, R. (2004). Séparation, monoparentalité et recomposition familiale : bilan d'une réalité complexe et pistes d'action. Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval.
LEMIEUX, N. et CLOUTIER, R. (1994). L'adaptation de l'enfant suite à la séparation : étude exploratoire d'un programme portant sur les relations inter-parentales et parent-enfant. Service Social, 43, 31-46.  SIGLE-RUSHTON, W., HOBCRAFT, J. & KIERNAN, K.E. (2005). Parental disrup on and subsequent disadvantage : a cross-cohort comparison. Demography, 42 (3), 427-446.
 PIÉRARD, B., CLOUTIER, R., JACQUES, C. et DRAPEAU, S. (1994). Le lien entre la séparation parentale et le comportement de l'enfant : le rôle du revenu familial. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 15 (3), 87-108. CLOUTIER, R. (2008). La famille séparée demeure la famille de l'enfant. Santé Mentale au Québec, 33 (1), 197-202. [PDF]
CAREAU, L. et CLOUTIER, R. (1995). Papa et maman se séparent, que va-t-il nous arriver ? Recherche sociale, 2, 1-2. THOMSON, E. & ERIKSSON, H. (2013). Register-basedestimates of parental separation in Sweden. Demographic Research, 29, 1153-1186. [PDF]

Voir aussi Divorce, Famille, Parent et Mariage
Sept anneaux (Les...) : Comité formé en 1922 par Freud pour discuter de psychanalyse. ( ): Abraham, Eitingon, Jones, Freud, Ferenczi, Rank, Sachs.
   
BELLAK, L. (1993). Psychoanalysis as a science. Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
Septembre : Voir Onze Septembre. 9/11.
Septum : Voir Noyaux septaux. Septal forebrain region, septal area.
Septum pellucidum : Septum pellucidum.
   
 
LOVE, J. & HOLLENHORST, R. (1956). Bilateral palsy of the sixth cranial nerve caused by a cyst of the septum pellucidum (fifth ventricle) and cured by pneumoencephalography. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 31 (2), 43-46.
ALDUR, M.M., GÜRCAN, F., BASAR, R. et AKSIT, M.D. (1999). Fréquence des anomalies du septum pellucidum dans une population de patients non psychotiques : étude en imagerie par résonance magnétique. Revue Surgical & Radiologic Anatomy, 21 (2), 15-17.
Séquelle : Trouble qui persiste après la guérison. Sequelle.
   
RUTTER, M. (1981). Psychological sequelae of brain damage in children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 1533-1544.
BRIÈRE, J. & ZAIDI, L.Y. (1989). Sexual abuse histories and sequelae in female psychiatric emergency room patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1602-1606.
NASH, M.R., HULSEY, T.C., SEXTON, M.C. & HARRALSON, T.L. & LAMBERT, W. (1993). Long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse : Perceived family environment, psychopathology, and dissociation. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 276-283.
SAPP, M. (1996). Potential negative sequelae of hypnosis. The Australian Journal of Clinical Hypnotherapy & Hypnosis, 17 (2), 73-77.
 
Séquençage : Séquencer : : Sequencing.
 
DAMAUTON, A., FLEDEL-ALON, A., PFEIFER, S., VENN, O., SÉGUREL, L., STREET, T., LEFFLER, E.M., BOWDEN, R.,ANEAS, I., BROXHOLME, J., HUMBURG, P., IQBAL, Z., LUNTER, G., MALLER, J., HERNANDEZ, R.D., MELTON, C., VENKAT, A., NOBREGA, M.A., BONTROP, R., MYERS, S., DONNELLY, P., PRZEWORSKI, M. & MCVEAN. G. (2012). A fine-scale chimpanzee genetic map from population sequencing. Science, 336, 193-198.

Voir aussi Paramètre d'une réponse
Séquence : Suite d'événements, notamment de comportement fréquemment observés dans le même ordre et que l'on note souvent dans une grille d'observation au moyen de lettre : A-B-C. Sequence.
   
FAGEN, R.M. & YOUNG, D.Y. (1978). Temporal patterns of behaviour : Durations, intervals, latencies and sequences. In P.W. Colgan (Ed.), Quantitative ethology (pp. 79-114). New York : Wiley.

Voir aussi Paramètre d'une réponse
Serbin Lisa A. ( ) : Psychologue québécoise et spécialiste de l'étude des genres. Elle s'intéresse également à la transmision Intergénérationnelle. Elle enseigne à l'Université Concordia.
SERBIN, L.A. & SPRAFKIN, C. (1986). The salience of gender and the process of sex typing in three- to seven-year-old children. Child Development, 57, 1188-1199.
SERBIN, L.A., POWLISHTA, K.K. & GÜLKO, J. (1993). The development of sex typing in middle childhood. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58 (2), 1-99.
SERBIN, L.A., COOPERMAN, J.M., PETERS, P.L., LEHOUX, P., STACK, D.M. & SCHWARTZMAN, A.E. (1998). Intergenerational transfer of psycho social risk in women with childhood histories of aggression, withdrawal or aggression and withdrawal. Developmental Psychology, 34, 1246-1262.
SERBIN, L.A., POULIN-DUBOIS, D., COLBURNE, K.A., SEN, M.G. & EICHSTEDT, J.A. (2001). Gender stereotyping in infancy : Visual preferences for and knowledge of gender-stereotyped toys in the second year. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 25 (1), 7-15. [PDF]
SERBIN, L.A. & KARP, J. (2003). Intergenerational studies of parenting and the transfer of risk from parent to child. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 139 (4), 138-142. [PDF]
Sérendipité : Découverte d'un phénomène A alors que l'on cherchait à décrire ou à expliquer un phénomène B. = découverte fortuite, hasard. Serendipity.
   

Voir aussi Hasard
Sergeant Joseph ( ) : Neuropsychologue américain spécialisé dans l'étude et le traitement de l'hyperactivité et du trouble deficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité. Collaborateur de Biederman, Faraone, Luman et Swanson.
SERGEANT, J. & SCHOLTEN, C.A. (1985). On resource strategy limitations in hyperactivity : Cognitive impulsivity reconsidered. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 26, 97-109.
SERGEANT, J. (2000). The cognitive-energetic model : An empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 24, 7-12.
SERGEANT, J., GEURTS, H.M. & OOSTERLANN, J. (2002). How specific is a deficit of executive functioning for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ? Behavioural Brain Research, 130, 3-28.
SERGEANT, J., GEURTS, H.M., HUJBREGTS, S., SCHERES, A. & OOSTERLANN, J. (2003). The top and the bottom of ADHD : a neuropsychological perspective. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27, 583-592.
SERGEANT, J. (2005). The dynamic developmental theory of ADHD : Reflections from a cognitive energetic model standpoint. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 28 (3), 442-443.
Série chronologique/Série temporelle :  Voir Analyse des séries chronologiques. Times-series, analysis of time series.
Série statistique : Ensemble de données qui résultent d'une mesure ou d'une évaluation. Statistical serie.
   
DAY, E.E. (1919). Classification of statistical series. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 16 (128), 533-535.

Voir aussi Données Hasard
Sérier : Sériation : Voir Ordonner. Seriation.
   
MANDLER, G. & DEAN, P.J. (1971). Seriation : Development of serial order in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 207-215.
MANDLER, G. & ANDERSON, R.E. (1971). Temporal and spatial cues in seriation Journal of Experimental Psychology, 90, 128-135.
SIEGEL, L.S. (1972). Development of the concept of seriation. Developmental Psychology, 6 (1), 135-137. [PDF]
LAUTREY, J., BIEAUD, J. et PIERRE-PUYSÉGUR, M.A. (1985). Analyse du fonctionnement cognitif d'enfants de 6-8 ans dans une tâche de sériation. Archives de Psychologie, 53, 399-403.
 
Voir aussi Schème et Ordonner
Seringue : Seringue, drogue et HIV. Needle.
 
UNGER, J.B., KIPKE, M.D., E ROSA, C.J., HYDE, J. & MONTGOMERY, S. (2006). Needle-sharing among young IV drug users and their social network members : The influence of the injection partner’s characteristics on HIV risk behavior. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 1607-1618.

Voir aussi Drogue et Phobie des seringues
Seron Xavier ( ) : Neurosychologue belge et spécialiste de l'étude du mensonge. Collaborateur de Perruchet et Van der Linden.
SERON, X. (1991). Du diagnostic neuropsychologique à l'évaluation cognitive et pragmatique des troubles. Revue Suisse de Psychologie, 50, 186-197.
SERON, X., DELOCHE G. & NOËL, M.P. (1992). Number transcribing by children. In J. Bideaud, C. Meljac & J.P. Fisher (Eds.), Pathways to number (pp. 245-264). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
SERON, X., ROSSETTI, Y.C., VALLAT-AZOUVI, C., PRADAT-DIEHL, P. et AZOUVIE, P. (2006). La rééducation cognitive/Cognitive rehabilitation. Revue Neurologique, 164(S3), 154-163.
SERON, X. & FAYOL, M. (1994). Number transcoding in children : A functional analysis. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12 (3), 281-300.
SERON, X. (2014). Lyng in neuropsychology. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 44, 389-403
Sérotonine : Neurotransmetteur qui joue un rôle régulateur dans le sommeil, l'appétit, la perception sensorielle, la température du corps, la suppression de la douleur et l'humeur. Elle joue également un rôle dans l'inhibition des comportements. 95 % de la sérotonine serait secrétée par l’appareil gastro-intestinal. Sérotonine, inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine et déséquilibre chimique. = 5-hydroxytryptamien, 5-HT. Serotonin, serotonergic system.
   
GYERMEK, L. (1955). Chlorpromazine : A serotonin antagonist ? The Lancet, 2, 724. MELKE, J., LANDEN, M., BAGHEI, F., ROSMOND, R., HOLM, G., BJÖRNTORP, P., WESTBERG, L., HELLSTRAND, M. & ERIKSSON E. (2001). Serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms are associated with anxiety-related personality traits in women. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 105 (5), 458-463.
CARLSSON, A., SHORE, P.A. & BRODIE, B.B. (1957). Release of serotonin from blood platelets by reserpine in vitro. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 120, 334-339. DUGOVIC, C. (2001). Role of serotonin in sleep mechanisms. Revue de Neurologie, 157 (S), 16-19.
AXELROD, J. & INSCOE, J.K. (1963). The uptake and binding of circulating serotonin and the effect of drugs. Jounal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 141 (2), 161-165. COURTET, P., BAUD, P., ABBAR, M., BOULENGER, J.P., CASTELNAU, D., MOUTHON, D., MALAFOSSE, A. & BURESI, C. (2001). Association between violent suicidal behavior and the low activity allele of the serotonin transporter gene. Molecular Psychiatry, 6, 338-341. [PDF]

AMATA, J., SPARKS, P.D., MATUS-AMAT, P., GRIGGS, J., WATKINS, L.R. & MAIER, S.F. (2001). The role of the habenular complex in the elevation of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin and the changes in the behavioral responses produced by uncontrollable stress. Brain Research, 917, 118-126. [PDF]
  ZANGROSSI, H. JR., VIANA, M.B., ZANOVELI, J., BUENO, C., NOGUEIRA, R.L. & GRAEFF, F.G. (2001). Serotonergic regulation of inhibitory avoidance and one-way escape in the rat elevated T-maze. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 25, 637-645.
ASBERG, M., RINGBERGER, V.A., SJOQVIST, F., THORN, P., TRASKMAN, L. & TUCK, J.R. (1977). Monoamine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid and serotonin uptake inhibition during treatment with clomipramine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 21, 201-207. WHITAKER-AZMITIA, P.M. (2001). Serotonin and brain development : role in human developmental diseases. Brain Research Bulletin, 56 (5), 479-485.
TELNER, J., LEPORE, F. & GUILLEMOT, J.-P. (1979). Pharmacology biochemistry and behavior effects of serotonin content on pain sensitivity in the rat. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 10 (5), 657-661. BENNETT, A.J., LESCH, K.P., HEILS, A., LONG, J., LORENZ, J., SHOAF, S.E., CHAMPOUX, M., SUOMI, S.J., LINOLLA, M. & HIGLEY, J.D. (2002). Early experience and serotonin transporter gene variation interact to influence primate CNS function. Molecular Psychiatry, 7, 118-122.
  HERNANDEZ, J.L., RAMOS, F.J., INFANTE, J, REBOLLO, M. & GONZÀLEZ-MACIAS, J. (2002). Severe serotonin syndrome induced by mirtazapine monotherapy. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 36, 641-643.
  JOINER, T.E., JOHNSON, F. & SODERSTROM, K. (2002). Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphism and family history of completed and attempted suicide. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 32, 329-332.
  STODDARD, P.K., MARKMAN, M.R. & SALAZAR, V.L. (2003). Serotonin modulates the electric waveform of the gymnotiform electric fish, Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 206, 1353-1362. [PDF]
  HEALY, D. (2003). Lines of evidence on the risks of suicide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatic, 72, 71-79. [PDF]
WEISS, J.M., GOODMAN, P.A., LOSITO, B.G., CORRIGAN, S., CHARRY, J.M. & BAILEY, W.H. (1981). Behavioral depression produced by an uncontrollable stressor : Relationship to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in rats. Brain Research Reviews, 3, 167-205. YOUNG, S.E., SMOLEN, A., STALLINGS, M.C., CORLEY, R.P. & HEWITT, J.K. (2003). Sibling-based association analyses of the serotonin transporter polymorphism and internalizing behavior problems in children. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 44, 961-967.
  SODHI, M.S.K. & SANDERS-BUSH, E. (2004). Serotonin and brain development. International Review of Neurobiology, 59, 111-172. [PDF]
INSEL, T.R., MUELLER, E.A., ALTERMAN, I., LINNOILA, M. & MURPHY, D.L. (1985). Obsessive-compulsive disorder and serotonin : Is there a connection ? Biological Psychiatry, 20 (11), 1174-1188. APPEL, J.B., WEST, W.B. & BUGGY, J. (2004). LSD, Serotonin (5 HT) and the evolution of a behavioral assay. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 27, 693-701.
  BAUMEISTER, A.A. & HAWKINS, M.F. (2004). The serotonin hypothesis of schizophrenia. A historical case study on the heuristic value of theory in clinical neuroscience. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 13, 289-303. [PDF]
  STEIGER, H. GAUVIN, L., ISRAEL, M., NG YING KIN, N.M.K., YOUNG, S.N. & ROUSSIN J. (2004). Serotonin function, personality-trait variations, and childhood abuse in women with Bulimia-Spectrum Eating Disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 65 (6), 830-837.
  BREGGIN, P.R. (2004). Suicidality, violence, and mania caused by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) : A review and analysis. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine, 16, 31-49.
  GRAEFF, F.G. (2004). Serotonin, the periaqueductal gray and panic. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28, 239-259.
  MATSUSHITA, S., SUZUKI, K., MURAYAMA, M., NISHIGUCHI, N., HISHIMOTO, A., TAKEDA, A., SHIRAKAWA, O. & HIGUCHI, S. (2004). Serotonin transporter regulatory region polymorphism is associated with anorexia nervosa. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B : Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 128, 114-117.
  STEIGER, H. (2004). Eating disorders and the serotonin connection : state, trait and developmental effects. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 29 (1), 20-29.
SOUBRIE, P. (1986). Reconciling the role of central serotonin neurons !n human and animal behavior. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 9, 319-335. DASARI, S. & COOPER, R.L. (2004). Technical note : Modulation of sensory-CNS-motor circuits by serotonin, octopamine, and dopamine in semi-intact drosophila larva. Neuroscience Research, 48, 221-227. [PDF]
PANDEY, R.S., RAO, B.S.S., SUBASH, M.N., SUBBA-KRISHNA, D.K. & SRINIVAS, K.N. (1987). Central dopamine and serotonin turnover in schizophrenia. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 29 (3), 203-211. [PDF] LACASSE J.R. & LEO. J. (2005). Serotonin and depression : a disconnect between the advertisements and the scientific literature. PLoS Medicine, 2 (12), 1211-1215. [PDF]
CURZON, G. (1990). Serotonin and appetite. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 600, 521-530. SUOMI, S.J. (2005). Genetic and environmental factors influencing the expression of impulsive aggression and serotonergic functioning in rhesus monkeys. In R.E. Tremblay, W.W. Hartup & J. Archer (Eds.), Developmental origins of aggression (pp. 63-82). New York : Guilford.
SPOONT, M.R. (1992). Modulatory role of serotonin in neural information-processing - implications for human psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 330-350. CANLI, T., OMURA, K., HAAS, B.W., FALLGATTER, A., CONSTABLE, R.T. & LESCH, K.P. (2005). Beyond affect : A role for genetic variation of the serotonin transporter in neural activation during a cognitive attention task. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A., 102, 12224-12229.
RISCH, S.C. & NEMEROFF, C.B. (1992). Neurochemical alterations of serotoninergic neuronal systems in depression. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 53 (S), 3-7. MASOLIVER, E., MENOYO, A., PEREZ, V., VOLPINI, V., RIO, E.D., PÉREZ, J., ALVAREZ, E. & BAIGET, M. (2006). Serotonin transporter linked promoter (polymorphism) in the serotonin transporter gene may be associated with antidepressant-induced mania in bipolar disorder. Psychiatric Genetics, 16, 25-29.
WURTMAN, J.J. (1993). Depression and weight gain : the serotonin connection. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, 183-192. ZHOU, J., WANG, X., LI, L., CAO, X., XU, L. & SUN, Y. (2006). Plasma serotonin levels in young violent offenders : Aggressive responding and personality correlates. Progress in NeuroPsychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 30 (8), 1435-1441.
PRISCO, S., PAGANNONE, S. & ESPOSITO, E. (1994). Serotonin-dopamine interaction in the rat ventral tegmental area: an electrophysiological study in vivo. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 271, 83-90. SCHWEIGHOFER, N., TANAKA, S.C. & DOYA, K. (2007). Serotonin and the evaluation of future rewards : Theory, experiments, and possible neural mechanisms. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1104, 289-300. [PDF]
VAN DER LINDEN, C., BRUGGEMAN, R. & VAN WOERKOM, T.C. (1994). Serotonin-dopamine antagonist and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome : an open pilot dose-titration study with risperidone. Movement Disorders, 9, 687-688. FONTENELLE, L.F. (2008). Pareidolias in obsessive-compulsive disorder : neglected symptoms that may respond to serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Neurocase, 14 (5), 414-418.
DE BOER, T. (1995). The effects of mirtazapine on central noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10, 19-23. YANG, L.M., HU, B., XIA, Y.H., ZHANG, B.L. & ZHAO, H. (2008). Lateral habenula lesions improve the behavioral response in depressed rats via increasing the serotonin level in dorsal raphe nucleus. Behavioural Brain Research, 188 (1), 84-90.
PARSONS, L.H., KOOB, G.F. & WEISS, F. (1995). Serotonin dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens of rats during with- drawal after unlimited access to intravenous cocaine. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, 274, 1182-1191. DAYAN P. & HUYS Q.J.M. (2009). Serotonin in affective control. Annual Reviews of Neuroscience, 32, 95-126.
GREIST, J.H., JEFFERSON, J.W., KOBAK, K.A., KATZEL- NICK, D.J. & SERLIN, R.C. (1995). Efficacy and tolerability of serotonin transport inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A meta-analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 53-60. WAY, B.M. & TAYLOR, S.E. (2010). Social influences on health : Is serotonin a critical mediator ? Psychosomatic Medicine, 72, 107-112. [PDF]
ANDERSON, I.M. & TOMENSON, B.M. (1995). Treatment discontinuation with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants : A meta-analysis. British Medical Journal, 310, 1433-1438. [PDF] KRANZA, G.S., KASPERA, S. & LANZENBERGER, R. (2010). Reward and the serotonergic system. Neuroscience, 166 (4), 1023-1035.
INAYAMA, Y., YONEDA, H., SAKAI, T., ISHIDA, T., NONOMURA, Y., KONO, Y., TAKAHATA, R., KOH, J., SAKAI, J., TAKAI, A., INADA, Y. & ASABA, H. (1996). Positive association between a DNA sequence variant in the serotonin 2A receptor gene and schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 67, 103-105. EISENBERG, D.T.A. & HAYES, M.G. (2010). Testing the null hypothesis : comments on "Culture-gene coevolution of individualism-collectivism and the serotonin transporter gene". Proceedings of the Royal Society B, doi:10.1098.
KUCZENSKI, R. & SEGAL D.S. (1997). Effects of methylphenidate on extracellular dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine : comparison with amphetamine. Journal of Neurochemistry, 68, 2032-2037. KIM, H.S, SHERMAN, D.K., TAYLOR, S.E., SASAKI, J.Y., CHU, T.Q., RYU, C. (2010). Culture, the serotonin receptor polymorphism (5-HTR1A), and locus of attention. Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience, 5, 212-218. [PDF]
ABI-DARGHAM, A. LARUELLE, M., AGHANJANIAN, G.K., CHARNWY, D. & KRYSTAL, J. (1997). The role of serotonin in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 9 (1), 1-17. CASPI, A.A.R., HARIRI A. HOLMES, R., UHER, R. & MOFFITT, T.E. (2010). Genetic sensitivity to the environment : the case of the serotonin transporter gene and its implications for studying complex diseases and traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167 (5), 509-527.
CARLSSON, A. & WONG, D.T. (1997). A note on the discovery of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Life Science, 161, 1203-1203. GLENN, A.L. (2011). The other allele : exploring the long allele of the serotonin transporter gene as a potential risk factor for psychopathy : a review of the parallels in findings. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35 (2), 612-620.
JOFFE, H. & COHEN, L.S. (1998). Estrogen, serotonin, and mood disturbance : where is the therapeutic bridge ? Biological Psychiatry, 44, 798-811.
ZHANG, X., SCHROTT, L.M. & SPARBER, S.B. (1998). Evidence for a serotonin-mediated effect of cocaine causing vasoconstriction and herniated umbilici in chicken embryos. Pharmacology, Biochemistry & Behavior, 59 (3), 585-593. MENESES, A. & LIY-SALMERON, G. (2012). Serotonin and emotion, learning and memory. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 23 (5-6), 543-553. [PDF]
CHAOULOFF, F., BERTON. O. & MORMEDE, P. (1999). Serotonin and stress. Neuropsychopharmacology, 21 (S), 28-32. LADER, M.H. (2012). Commentary. Dependence and withdrawal : Comparison of the benzodiazepines and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Addiction, 107 (5), 909-910.
MURPHY, D.L., ANDREWS, A.M., WICHEMS, C.H., LI, Q., TOHDA, M. & GREENBERG, B. (1998). Brain serotonin neurotransmission : An overview and update with emphasis on serotonin subsystem heterogeneity, multiple receptors, interactions with other neurotransmitter systems, and consequent implications for understanding the actions of serotonergic drugs. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59 (15), 4-12.[PDF] LATAPY, C., RIOUX, V., GUITTON, M.J. & BEAULIEU, J.-M. (2012). Selective deletion of forebrain glycogen synthase kinase 3{beta} reveals a central role in serotonin-sensitive anxiety and social behaviour. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences, 367 (1601), 2460-2474. [PDF]
AGHAJANIAN, G.K. & MAREK, G.J. (2000). Serotonin model of schizophrenia : emerging role of glutamate mechanisms. Brain Research Review, 31, 302-312. MONTGOMERY, S.A., NIELSEN, R.Z., POULSEN, L.H. & HÄGGSTRÖM, L. (2014). A randomised, double-blind study in adults with major depressive disorder with an inadequate response to a single course of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor treatment switched to vortioxetine or agomelatine. Human Psychopharmacology : Clinical & Experimental, 29, 470-482. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Dopamine, Inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine et Neurotransmetteur
 
Serpent : Animal de la classe des reptiles. Snake.
   
BURGHARDT, G.M. (1966). Stimulus control of the prey attack response in naive garter snakes. Psychonomic Science, 4, 37-38.

Voir aussi Animal et Reptile
BURNIE, D. (Ed.) (2001). Animal. Londres : Dorling Kindersley / Le règne animal. Saint-Laurent : Erpi.
Serrer la main : Voir Main. Handshaking.
Serres Michel (Agen 1930-2018) : Historien des sciences et philosophe postmoderniste français. Élu à l'Académie en 1990 (fauteuil 18).
SERRES, M. (1991). Le tiers-instruit. Paris : Gallimard.
SERRES, M. (1992). Le contrat naturel. Paris : Flammarion.
SERRES, M. (1997). Le trésor : dictionnaire des sciences. Paris : Flammarion.
SERRES, M. (1998). Paysages des sciences. Paris : Le Pommier.
SERRES, M. (2003). Qu'est-ce que l'humain ? Paris : Le Pommier.
Sertraline : Antidépresseur de la classe des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine. = Zoloft.
   
KARVOUSSI, R., SEGRAVES, R., HUGHES, R., ASCHER, J. & JOHNSTON, J. (1997). Double-blind comparison of bupropion sustained release and sertraline in depressed outpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 12, 532-537.
PETTINATI, H.M., VOLPICELLI, J.R., KRANZLER, H.R., LUCK, G., RUKSTALIS, M.R. & CNAAN, A. (2000). Sertraline treatment for alcohol dependence : Interactive effects of medication and alcoholic subtype. Alcoholism : Clinical & Experimental Research, 24 (7), 1041-1049.
BOZ, C., ALTUNAYOGLU, V., VELIOGLU, S. & OZMENOGLU, M. (2003). Sertraline versus amitriptyline in the prophylactic therapy of non-depressed chronic tension-type headache patients. Journal of Headache Pain, 4 (2), 72-78.
WALKUP, J.T., ALBANO, A.M., PIACENTINI, J., BIRMAHER, B., COMPTON, S.N., SHERRILL, J.T. GINSBURG, G.S., RYNN, M.A., McCRAKEN, J., WASLICK, B., YYENGAR, S., MARCH, J.S. & KENDALL, P.C. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy, sertraline, or a combination in childhood anxiety. New England Journal of Medicine, 359 (26), 2753-2766. [PDF]
PEDIATRIC OCD TREATMENT STUDY (POTS) TEAM.PEDIATRIC OCD TREATMENT STUDY (POTS) TEAM (2004). Cognitive-behavior therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292, 1969-1976.

Voir aussi Antidépresseur et Inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine.
Servan-Schreiber David (Neuilly-sur-Seine 1961-2011 Fécamp) : Psychiatre français. Il s'intéresse notamment l'influence de la dopamine sur l'attention et la schizophrénie. Collaborateur de Cohen.
SERVAN-SCHREIBER, D., PRINTZ, H. & COHEN, J.D. (1990). A network model of catecholamine effects : Gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and behavior. Science, 249, 892-895. [PDF]
SERVAN-SCHREIBER, D. & COHEN, J.D. (1991). Models of neuromodulation and information processing deficits in schizophrenia. Revue Internationale de Psychopathologie, 1, 113-134
SERVAN-SCHREIBER, D., COHEN, J.D. & STEINGARD, S. (1996). Schizophrenic deficits in the processing of context : A test of a theoretical model. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 1105-1112. [PDF]
SERVAN-SCHREIBER, D., PERLSTEIN, W.M., COHEN, J.D. & MINTUN, M. (1998). Selective pharmacological activation of limbic structures in human volunteers : A positron emission tomography study. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Psychiatry, 10, 148-159
SERVAN-SCHREIBER, D., BRUNO, R., CARTER, C. & COHEN, J.D. (1998). Dopamine and the mechanisms of cognition. Part I: A neural network model predicting dopamine effects on selective attention. Biological Psychiatry, 43, 713-722.
Servir : Service : Consiste à s'acquitter auprès d'un individu ou d'un groupe de certaines tâches et responsabilitiés dans un contexte formel (lié à une fonction, une profession ou un métier) ou informel. EX : Réparer votre frigo, soigner votre bursite, aménager votre jardin, diriger un ministère (servir l'état). Un service formel offert par une entreprise privée doit généralement être payé par celui qui le reçoit, soit le consommateur. Service, qualité du service et satisfaction du consommateur. Service.
   
ZEITHAML, V.A. (1981). How consumer evaluation processes differ between goods and services. Marketing of Services, 9 (1), 25-32.
ZEITHAML, V.A., PARASURAMAN, A. & BERRY, L.L. (1988). Communication and control processes in the delivery of service processes. Journal of Marketing, 52 (4), 36-58.
ZEITHAML, V.A., BERRY, L.L. & PARASURAMAN, A. (1993). The nature and determinants of customer expectations of service. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21 (1), 1-12.
BOULDING, W., KALRA, A., STAELIN, R. & ZEITHAML, V. A. (1993). A dynamic process model of service quality : From expectations to behavioral intentions. Journal of Marketing Research, 30 (1), 7-27.
FRYXELL, D. & KENNEDY, C.H. (1995). Placement along the continuum of services and its impact on students’ social relationships. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 20 (4), 259-269.
ZEITHAML, V.A. & BITNER, M.J. (1996). Services marketing. New York, NY : McGraw- Hill.
PORTER, S.R. (2007). A closer look at faculty service : What affects participation on committees ? Journal of Higher Education, 78 (5), 523-541.
HENDRICKSON, C.T., LAVE, L.B. & MATTHEWS, H.S. (2010). Environmental life cycle assessment of goods and services : An input-output approach. Taylor & Francis.

Voir aussi Bien
Sessions de thérapie : Voir Séance. Session.
Setchenov Ivan Mikhaïlovitch (1825-1905) : Physiologiste russe. Plusieurs historiens des sciences le considèrent comme le fondateur de la neurologie russe. Étudiant de Bernard.
SETCHENOV, I.M. (1863). Les réflexes du cerveau.
 
 
 
 
Seto Michael ( ) : Psychologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la pédophilie. Étudiant de Blanchard. Collaborateur de Barbaree, Cantor Chivers et Lalumière.  
SETO, M.C. (2004). Precisely defining pedophilia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 31, 498-499.
SETO, M.C. (2004). Pedophilia and sexual offenses involving children. Annual Review of Sex Research, 15, 321-361.
SETO, M.C., CANTOR, J.M. & BLANCHARD, R. (2006). Pornography offenses are a valid diagnostic indicator of pedophilia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115 (3), 610-615. [PDF]
SETO, M.C. (2009). Pedophilia. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 391-407. [PDF]
SETO, M.C. (2012). Is pedophilia a sexual orientation ? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 231-236.
Seuil : Limite au-delà de laquelle un phénomène se transforme, se produit ou s'interrompt. La limite peut-être une propriété objective et intrinsèque d'un phénomène (EX : La carosserie d'une voiture) ou être le résultat d'un découpage subjectif de la perception (EX : À quel moment on considère que le bleu devient violet). = limite. Threshold.
 
Types de seuil
Seuil clinique Seuil de discrimination Seuil de signification thérapeutique
Seuil de détection Seuil de signification statistique Seuil différentiel de détection
 
Seuil clinique : Voir Signification thérapeutique. Clinical signifiance.
Seuil de détection (d'un stimulus) : En psychophysiologie, désigne la limite en dessous de laquelle un individu ne parvient plus à détecter un stimulus. Threshold, sensory threshold.


  NORMAN, D.A. (1963). Sensory thresholds and response bias. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 35, 1432-1441.
ROUDER, J.N. & MOREY, R.D. (2009). The nature of psychological thresholds. Psychological Review, 116 (3), 655-660.
Seuil de discrimination (d'un stimulus) : En psychophysiologie et en analyse fonctionnelle du comportement, désigne la limite en dessous de laquelle un individu ne parvient plus à distinguer deux stimuli. Seuil de discrimination et discrimination.
   
Seuil de signification statistique : Voir Signification statistique. Significance level, statistical significance, p values, p > 05.
Seuil de signification thérapeutique : Voir Signification thérapeutique. Clinical signifiance.
Seuil différentiel (de détection d'un stimulus) : En psychophysiologie, désigne la limite en dessous de laquelle un individu ne parvient plus à distinguer deux stimuli. Just noticeable difference (JND), differential limen (DL).
   
SWETS, J.A. (1961). Is there a sensory threshold ? Science, 134 (3473), 168-177.
Sévices : Mauvais traitements que l'on fait subir à un individu ou à un groupe de personnes qui se trouve sous notre autorité. Abuse.
   
Sevrage : Sevrer : Supression, progressive ou brusque, d'une substance (drogue ou psychotrope) imposée à un toxicomane/patient dans le cadre d'une thérapie, d'une cure de désintoxication ou de l'arrêt d'un médicament. Cette privation lui permet de se libérer progressivement de sa dépendance. Le sevrage produit des effets physiologiques et psychologiques que l'on appelle syndrome de sevrage ou d'abstinence, qui se caractérise par un certain nombre de symptômes psychologiques comme l'anxiété, des hallucinations et la dépression, voire des pensée suicidaires, et des symptômes physiques comme l'insomnie, des tremblements, des douleurs diffuses, des troubles digestifs, etc. Par extension, on utilise le mot sevrage pour qualifier toute situation où on prescrit l'arrêt total d'un comportement nuisible. Withdrawal, withdrawal syndrome, abstinence syndrome, cessation.
   
SOBELL, L.C. & SOBELL, M.B. (1975). Legitimizing alternatives to abstinence : Implications now and for the future. Journal of Alcoholism, 10, 5-16. HIGGINS, S.T., WONG, C.J., BADGER, G.J., OGDEN, D.E. & DANTONA, R.L. (2000). Contingent reinforcement increases cocaine abstinence during outpatient treatment and 1 year of follow-up. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68 (1), 64-72.
SHIFFMAN, S.M. & JARVIK, M.E. (1976). Smoking withdrawal symptoms in two weeks of abstinence. Psychopharmacology, 50, 35-39.  
GARDOS, G., COLE, J.O. & TARSY, D. (1978). Withdrawal syndromes associated with antipsychotic drugs. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135 (11), 1321-1324.  
PETURSSON, H. & LADER, M.H. (1981). Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment. British Medical Journal, 28 (3), 643-645.  
PETURSSON, H. & LADER, M.H. (1981). Withdrawal reaction from clobazam. British Medical Journal, 282, 1931-1933. DALLERY, J., SILVERMAN, K., CHUTUAPE, M.A., BIGELOW, G.E. & STITZER, M.L. (2001). Voucher-based reinforcement of opiate plus cocaine abstinence in treatment-resistant methadone patients : Effects of reinforcer magnitude. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9, 317-325.
HALLSTROM, C. & LADER, M.H. (1981). Benzodiazepine withdrawal phenomena. International Pharmacopsychiatry, 16, 235-244. SILVERMAN, K., SVIKIS, D., ROBLES, E., STITZER, M.L. & BIGELOW, G.E. (2001). A reinforcement-based therapeutic workplace for the treatment of drug abuse : Six-month abstinence outcomes. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9, 14-23.
PETURSSON, H., BOND, P.A., SMITH, B. & LADER, M.H. (1981). Monoamine metabolism during chronic benzodiazepine treatment and withdrawal. Biological Psychiatry, 18, 207-213. MARLATT, G.A. (2001). Should abstinence be the goal for alcohol treatment ? Negative viewpoint. The American Journal on Addictions, 10, 291-293.
DACKIS, C.A., POTTACH, A.L.C., ANNITTO, W. & GOLD, M.S. (1982). Persistence of urinary marijuana levels after supervised abstinence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1196-1198. SILVERMAN, K., SVIKIS, D.S., WONG, C.J., HAMPTON, J., STITZER, M.L. & BIGELOW, G.E. (2002). A reinforcement-based therapeutic workplace for the treatment of drug abuse : Three-year abstinence outcomes. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10 (3), 228-240.
PETURSSON, H., GUDJONSSON, G.H. & LADER, M.H. (1983). Psychometric performance during withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment. Psychopharmacology, 81, 345-349. LADER, M.H. (2002). Managing dependence and withdrawal with newer hypnotic medications in the treatment of insomnia. The Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 4, 33-37
HUGHES, J.R ., HATSUKAMI, D.K., PICKENS, R.W., KRAHN, D., MALIN, S. & LUKNIC, A. (1984). Effect of nicotine on the tobacco withdrawal syndrome. Psychopharmacology, 83, 82-87. ALESSI, S.M., BADGER, G.J. & HIGGINS, S.T. (2004). An experimental examination of the initial weeks of abstinence in cigarette smokers. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 12, 276-287.
ASHTON, H. (1987). Benzodiazepine withdrawal : outcome of 50 patients. British Journal of Addiction, 82, 665-671. BOWEN, R., McILWRICK, J., MARILYN, B. & ZHANG, X. (2005). Lithium and marijuana withdrawal. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 50, 240-241.
BALON, R., YERAGANI, V.K., POHL, R.B. & GERSHON, S. (1988). Lithium discontinuation : withdrawal or relapse ? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 29 (3), 330-334. DALLERY, J. & GLENN, I.M. (2005). Effects of an internet-based voucher reinforcement program for smoking abstinence : a feasibility study. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 38 (3), 349-357. [PDF]
RAND, C.S., STITZER, M.L., BIGELOW, G.E. & MEAD, A.M. (1989). The effects of contingent payment and frequent workplace monitoring on smoking abstinence. Addictive Behaviors, 14, 121-128.  
HIGGINS, S.T., DELANEY, D.D., BUDNEY, A.J., BICKEL, W.K., HUGHES, J.R., FOERG, F. & FENWICK, J.W. (1991). A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine abstinence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1218-1224. MONCRIEFF, J. (2006). Why is it so difficult to stop psychiatric drug treatment ? It may be nothing to do with the original problem. Medical Hypotheses, 67 (3), 517-523. [PDF]
ASHTON, H. (1991). Protracted withdrawal syndromes from benzodiazepines. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 8 (1-2), 19-28. SILVERMAN, K., WONG, C.J., NEEDHAM, M., DIEMER, K.N., KNEALING, T., CRONE-TODD, D., FINGERHOOD, M., NUZZO, P. & KOLODNER, K. (2007). A randomized trial of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in injection drug users. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (3), 387-410. [PDF]
BLASZCZYNSKI, A.P. & McCONAGHY, N. (1991). Control versus abstinence in the treatment of pathological gam- bling : A two to nine year follow-up. British Journal of Addiction 86 (3), 299-306.  
HIGGINS, S.T., BUDNEY, A.J., BICKEL, W.K., HUGHES, J.R., FOERG, F. & BADGER, G. (1993). Achieving cocaine abstinence with a behavioral approach. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150 (5), 763-769.  
PETURSSON, H. (1994). The benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome. Addiction, 89, 1455-1459.  
ROSENTHAL, R.J. & RUGLE, LJ. (1994). A psychodynamic approach to the treatment of pathological gambling : Part I. Achieving abstinence. Journal of Gambling Studies, 10, 21-42.  
TOENNE, U., HILTUNEN, A.J., VIKANDER, B., ENGELBREKTSSON, K., BERGMAN, H., BERGMAN, I., LEIFMAN, H. & BORG, S. (1995). Neuropsychological changes during steady-state drug use, withdrawal and abstinence in primary benzodiazepine-dependent patients. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 91, 299-304. SILVERMAN, K., ROBLES, E., MUDRIC, T., BIGELOW, G.E. & STITZER, M.L. (2007). A randomized trial of long-term reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in methadone maintained injection drug users. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 72, 839-854.
BELDRESSARINI, R.J. & VIGUERA, A.C. (1995). Neuroleptic withdrawal in schizophrenic patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52 (3), 189-192.  
GILBERT, P.L., HARRIS, M.J., McADAMS, L.A. & JESTE, D.V. (1995). Neuroleptic withdrawal in schizophrenic patients. A review of the literature. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52 (3), 173-188.  
SILVERMAN, K., WONG, C.J., HIGGINS, S.T., BROONER, R.K., MONTOYA, I.D. & CONTOREGGI, C. (1996). Increasing opiate abstinence through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 41, 157-165.  
SILVERMAN, K., HIGGINS, S.T., BROONER, R.K., MONTOYA, I.D., CONE, E.J., SCHUSTER, C.R. & PRESTON, K.L. (1996). Sustained cocaine abstinence in methadone maintenance patients through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, 409-415.  
FUNG, Y.K., SCHMID, M.J., ANDERSON, T.M. & LAU, Y.-S. (1996). Effects of nicotine withdrawal on central dopaminergic systems. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 53, 635-640. SLUTSKE, W., PIASECKI, T.M., BLASZCZYNSKI, A.P. & MARTIN, N. (2010). Pathological gambling - recovery in the absence of abstinence. Addiction, 105 (12), 2169-2175. [PDF]
VIGUERA, A.C., BELDRESSARINI, J., HEGARTY, J.D., VAN KAMMEN, D.P. & TOHEN, M. (1997). Clinical risk following abrupt and gradual withdrawal of maintenance neuroleptic treatment. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54 (1), 49-55. LADER, M.H. (2012). Commentary. Dependence and withdrawal : Comparison of the benzodiazepines and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Addiction, 107 (5), 909-910.
SILVERMAN, K., WONG, C.J., UMBRICHT-SCHNEITER A, MONTOYA, I.D., SCHUSTER, C.R. & PRESTON, K.L. (1998). Broad beneficial effects of cocaine abstinence reinforcement among methadone patients. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 66 (5), 811-824.  
HANEY, M., WARD, A.S., COMER, S.D., FOLTIN, R.W. & FISCHMAN, M.W. (1999). Abstinence symptoms following smoked marijuana in humans. Psychopharmacology, 141, 395-404. [PDF]  
 
Voir aussi Abstinence, Privation et Toxicomane
Seward John P. (New York 1905-1985) : Psychologue américain. Étudiant de Murphy et Woodworth.
 
 
 
 
 
Sex Roles : A Journal of Research : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude du genre et des rôles sexuels. Éditeur : Springer.
MARKS, J., BUN, L.C. & McHALE, S.M. (1999). Family patterns of gender role attitudes. Sex Roles, 61 (3-4), 221-234. [PDF]
 


  CHRISLER, J.C. (2010). In honor of Sex Roles : Reflections on the history and development of the Journal. Sex Roles, 63, 299-310.
ZOSULS, K.M., MILLER, C.F., RUBLE, D.N., MARTIN, C.L. & FABES, R.A. (2011). Gender development research in Sex Roles: Historical trends and future directions. Sex Roles, 64, 826-842.
EATON, A.A. & ROSE, S.M. (2012). Has dating become more egalitarian ? A 35 Year review using Sex Roles. Sex Roles, 64, 843-862 [PDF]
Sexe : Ensemble des caractéristiques biologiques déterminé par les chromosomes sexuels. Les cellules humaines ont dans leur noyau 23 paires de chromosomes, lesquels contiennent les gènes. Ces paires sont constituées à partir des chromosomes de la mère (23) et du père (23). La 23e paire de chromosomes est différente selon le sexe : les femmes héritent d'un chromosome X de chaque parent, tandis que les hommes ont un chromosome X provenant de leur mère et un Y venant de leur père. C'est la présence d'un gène SRY situé sur ce chromosome Y qui détermine les différences de développement sur le plan gonadique entre les hommes et les femmes : Les hommes ont des testicules, alors que les femmes ont des ovaires. Sexe, identité sexuelle et différences sexuelles. = sexe biologique. *genre. Sex, biological sex.


  Comparaison entre Sexe et Genre
Sexe
Homme et Femme
Genre Masculin  Féminin  Androgyne  Masculine Fémine


 
Sexe et...
Asexualité Neurosexisme Sexologie
Comportement conforme au genre/sexe    
Différences entre les sexes
Rôle sexuel Sexualisation
Évaluation du sexisme Sexisme
Héterosexisme Sexisme latent Sexualité
Hypersexualisation
Sexualité précoce
Identité sexuelle
Trouble de l'identité sexuelle
 
   
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Voir aussi Genre, Rôle, Sexualité et Différences sexuelles
Sexe (Détermination) : Mécanisme biologique  qui contrôle le développement des gonades, d'abord proposé par McClung en 1902, puis effectivement découvert séparément en 1905 par Wilson et Stevens. Sex determination.
   
McCLUNG, C.E. (1902). The accessory chromosome - Sex determinant ? Biological Bulletin, 3, 43-84. VOLFF, J.N. & SCHARTL, M. (2001). Variability of genetic sex determination in poeciliid fishes. Genetica, 111, 101-110.
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MONTGOMERY, T.H. (1906). Chromosomes in the spermatogenesis of the Hemiptera Heteroptera. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 21 (3), 97-173.  
MORGAN, T.H. (1909). A biological and cytological study of sex determination in Phylloxerans and Aphids. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 7 (2), 239-351.  
MONTGOMERY, T.H. (1910). Are particular chromosomes sex determinants ? Biological Bulletin, 19 (1), 1-17. [PDF]  
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McLAREN, A. (1990). Sex determination. What makes a man a man ? Nature, 346 (6281), 216-217.

SINCLAIR, A., BERTA, P., PALMER, M.S., HAWKINS, J.R., GRIFFITHS, B.L., SMITH, M.J., FOSTER, J.W., FRISCHAUF, A.M., LOVELL-BADGE, R. & GOODFELLOW, P.N. (1990). A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif. Nature, 346 (6281), 240-244. SER, J.R., ROBERTS, R.B. & KOCHER, T.D. (2010). Multiple interacting loci control sex determination in Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Evolution, 64, 486-501. [PDF]
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ABERCROMBIE, M., HICKMAN, C.J. & JOHNSON, M.L. (1980). Dictionary of biology. Londres : Penguin. Voir aussi Sexe, X, Y et Chromosome
Sexe (Le troisième) : Expression utilisée pour désigner les variations de genre (sexe social) au-delà dela dichotomie homme/femme ou, dans certain cas, l'absence de genre. Il ne s'agit donc pas d'un troisième sexe biologique, comme l'expression, prise au pied de la lettre, pourrait le laisser entendre. = troisième genre, androgyne. Third gender.
   
KENNEDY, H.C. (1980). The "third sex" theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs. Journal of Homosexuality, 6 (1-2), 103-111.
TRUMBACH, R. (1998). Sex and the gender revolution : Heterosexuality and the Third Gender in Enlightenment Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
SELL, I. (2001). Not man, not woman : Psychospiritual characteristics of a Western third gender. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology 33 (1), 16-36.
GRAILLE, P.É. (2011). Le troisième sexe. Paris : Les Éditions Arkhê.

Voir aussi Androgyne, Identité sexuelle et Genre
Sexe (Différences) : Ensemble des différences fictives (croyances, stéréotypes et préjugés), réelles (observées scientifiquement) ou possibles (postulées scientifiquement mais non-confirmées) entre les mâles et les femelles d'une espèce, notamment chez l'humain. = différences sexuelles, différence intersexe. Sex differences.

Différences sexuelles
Chez l'humain Chez les autres animaux

Sexe (Différences/Humains) : Ensemble des différences fictives (croyances, stéréotypes et préjugés), réelles (observées scientifiquement) ou possibles (postulées scientifiquement mais non-confirmées) entre les hommes et les femmes de tout âge, tant sur le plan biologique (organes, hormones, cerveau, système immunitaire et de reproduction, etc.), morphologique (poids, taille, musculature, etc.), psychologique (cognitif et comportemental), social (statut social, travail, tâches domestiques, responsabilité et soin des enfants, loisirs, etc.) que financier (revenu, salaire, bonus, prime au rendement, rang dans la hiérarchie de l'entreprise). Différences entre les sexes, genre et dimorphisme. = différence intersexe, différences sexuelles, différence homme-femme, dimorphisme sexuelle. Sex differences, gender differences.
 
Différences sexuelles chez l'humain
Différences et Agressivité Différences et École Différences et Personnalité
Différence et Anatomie Différences et Émotions Différence et Promotion sociale
  Différences et Estime de soi Différences et Revenu/Salaire
Différence et Apparence Différences et Habiletés sociales Différences et Risque
Différences et Apprentissage Différences et Hormones Différences et Santé mentale

Différences et Intelligence/Mémoire Différences et Sexualité

Différences et Leadership Différence et Science
Différences et Carrière Différences et jeu Différences et Sport/Habileté motrice
Différences et Cerveau Différences et Mathématiques Différence et Stress
Différences et Communication Différences et Méta-analyse Différence et Tâches domestiques
Différences et Culture Différences et Motivation Différences et Travail
Différences et Douleur Différences et Orientation spatiale Différences et Valeurs
 
   
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SHAYWITZ, B.A. SHAYWITZ, S.E. KENNETH R. PUGH, K.R., CONSTABLE, R.T., SKUDLARSKI, P., FULBRIGHT, R.K., BRONEN, R.A., FLETCHER, J.M., SHANKWEILER, D.P., KATZ, L. & GORE, J.C. (1995). Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Science, 373, 607-609. YONELINAS, A.P. (2012). Familiarity is related to conceptual implicit memory : An examination of individual differences. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, 1154-1164. [PDF]
VOYER, D., VOYER, S. & BRYDEN, M.P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities : A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117 (2), 250-270. [PDF] TAM, C.-L., LEE, T.-H., KUMARASURIAR, V. & HAR, W.-M. (2012). Parental authority, parent-child relationship and gender differences : A study of college students in the Malaysian context . Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 6 (2), 182-189. [PDF]
VANCE, J.C., BOYLE, F.M., NAJMAN, J.M. & THEARLE, M.J. (1995). Gender differences in parental psychological distress following perinatal death or sudden infant death syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 806-811. ALEXANDER, G. & WILCOX, T. (2012). Sex differences in early infancy. Child Development Perspectives, 6 (4), 400-406. [PDF]
RHEE, S. H., WALDMAN, I.D., HAY, D.A. & LEVY, F. (1995). Sex differences in genetic and environmental influences on DSM-III-R attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Behavior Genetics, 25, 285. VALENTINO, R.J., REYES, B., VAN BOCKSTAELE, E. & BANGASSER, D.A. (2012). Molecular and cellular sex differences at the intersection of stress and arousal. Neuropharmacology, 62, 13-20. [PDF]

BENJAMIN, J. (2012). Imaginaire et Sexe, Essais sur la reconnaissance et la différence sexuelle. Paris: Payot.
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JOHNSON, J.D., ADAMS, M.S., ASBURN, L. & REED, W. (1995). Differential gender effects of exposure to rap music on African American adolescents' acceptance of teen dating violence. Sex Roles, 33 (7-8), 597-605. GOEL, S. & NARANG, D.K. (2012). Gender differences in marital adjustment, mental health and frustration reactions during middle age. Journal of Humanities & Social Science, 1 (3), 42-49. [PDF]
COLLAER, M.L. & HINES, M. (1995). Human behavioral sex differences : A role for gonadal hormones during early development ? Psychologival Bulletin, 118, 55-107. DELLAVIGNA, S., LIST, J.A., MALMENDIER, U. & RAO, G. (2013). The importance of being marginal : Gender differences in generosity. American Economic Review, 103 (3), 586-590. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M. (1995). Psychological sex differences : Origins through sexual selection. American Psychologist, 50 (3), 164-171. [PDF] REILLY, D. & NEUMANN, D.L. (2013). Gender-role differences in spatial ability : A meta-analytic review. Sex Roles, 68 (9), 521-535. [PDF]
HYDE J.S. & PLANT, E.A. (1995). Magnitude of psychological gender differences : Another side to the story. American Psychologist, 50, 159-161. BARTLEY, E.J. & FILLINGIM, R.B. (2013). Sex differences in pain : a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111 (1), 52-58. [PDF]
SCHLAEPFER, T.E., HARRIS, G.J., TIEN, A.Y., PENG, L., LEE, S. & PEARLSON, G.D. (1995). Structural differences in the cerebral cortex of healthy female and male subjects : a magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Research, 61 (3), 129-135. BANGASSER, D.A. (2013). Sex differences in stress-related receptors: "Micro" differences with "macro" implications for mood and anxiety disorders. Biology of Sex Differences, 4, 2-15. [PDF]
DOVERSPIKE, D. & ARTHUR W. (1995). Race and sex differences in reactions to a simulated selection decision involving race-based affirmative action. Journal of Black Psychology, 21, 181-200. TAN, A., MA, W, VIRA, A., MARWHA, D. & ELIOT, L. (2015). The human hippocampus is not sexually-dimorphic : meta-analysis of structural MRI volumes. Neuroimage, 124, 350-366.
SILVER, C. & FERRANTE, R. (1995). Sex differences in color preferences among an elderly sample. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 80, 920-922. REIS, H.T. & CAROTHERS, B.J. (2014). Black and white or shades of gray : Are gender differences categorical or dimensional ? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23, 19-26. [PDF]

INGALHALIKAR, M., SMITH, A., PARKER, D., SATTERWAITE, T.D., ELLIOT, M.A., RUPAREI, K., HAKONARSON, H., GUR, R.E., GUR, R.C. & VERMA. R. (2014). Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 111, 823-828.

RUIGROK, A.N.V., SALIMI-KHORSHIDI, G., LAI, M.-C., BARON-COHEN, S., LOMBARDO, M.V., TAIT, R.J. & SUCKLING, J. (2014). A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 39 (100), 34-50. [PDF]
BRODY, L.R., LOVAS, G. & HAY, D. (1995). Sex differences in anger and fear as a function of situational context. Sex Roles, 32, 47-78. JORDAN-YOUNG, R.M. (2016). Hormones, sexe et cervau. Paris : Belin. / Brainstorm : The flaws in the science of sexe differences. Harvard University Press.
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MIROWSKY, J. & ROSS, S.E. (1995). Sex differences in distress : Real or artifact ? American Sociological Review, 60, 449-468. JOEL, D. (2016). Captured in terminology : Sex, sex categories, and sex differences. Feminism & Psychology, 26 (3) 335–345. [PDF]

JOEL, D. & FAUSTO-STERLING, A. (2016). Beyond sex differences: New approaches for thinking about variation in brain structure and function. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B 371, 20150451. [PDF]
SONNERT, G. & HOLTON, G.J. (1995). Career patterns of women and men in the sciences. American Scientist, 84 (1), 63-71. VAN DE VELDE, S., BRACKE, P. & LEVECQUE, K. (2010). Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 305-313.
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Voir aussi Différence et Différences de genre
Sexe (Différences /Animaux) : Différences sexuelles chez les animaux, au sein d'une même espèce et entre les congénères d'une même espèce. Sex difference in animal.
   
STONE, C.P. & McNEMAR, Q. (1932). Sex difference in rats on three learning tasks. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 14, 171-180. ALEXANDER, G.M. & HINES, M. (2002). Sex differences in responses to children’s toys in a non-human primate (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). Evolution & Human Behavior, 23, 467-479. [PDF]
TOMLIN, M.I. & STONE, C.P. (1933). Sex difference in learning abilities of albino rats. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 16, 207-212. LABUDA, C., MELLGREN, R.L. & HALE, R. (2002). Sex differences in radial arm maze task in the CD-1 mouse. Physiology & Behavior, 76, 213-217.

  MITSHUSHIMA, D., MASUDA, J. & KIMURA, F. (2003). Sex differences in the stress-induced release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus and corticosterone from the adrenal cortex in rats. Euroendocrinology, 78, 234-240.
STONE, C.P. (1935). Sex difference in the running ability of thoroughbred horses. Comparative Psychology, 19, 59-67. CORP, N. & BYRNE, R.W. (2004). Sex difference in chimpanzee handedness. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 123, 62-68. [PDF]
BOESCH, C. & BOESCH, H. (1981). Sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees : A preliminary report. Journal of Human Evolution, 10, 585-593. [PDF] ARCHER, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings : A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8 (4), 291-322.
VAN HAARAN, F. & VAN DE POLL, N.E. (1984). The number of pre-shock trials affects sex differences in passive avoidance behavior. Physiology & Behavior, 33, 269-272. RODRIGUES, M.A. (2007). Age and sex-based differences in social interactions and spacing in mantled howling monkeys : Implications for juvenile social development. Journal of Developmental Processes, 2 (2), 103-114. [PDF]
BOESCH, C. & BOESCH, H. (1984). Possible causes of sex differences in the use of natural hammers by wild chimpanzees. Journal of Human Evolution, 13, 415-440. [PDF] HASSETT, J.M., SIEBERT, E.R. & WALLEN, K. (2008). Sex differences in rhesus monkey toy preferences parallel those of children. Hormones & Behavior, 54, 359-364. [PDF]
COTNOIR, P.A., BEAUGRAND, J.P. et GOULET, C. (1986). Des différences liées au sexe dans les stratégies de répartition spatiale chez des poissons Porte-épée (Xiphophorus helleri) maintenus en captivité. Naturaliste Canadien (Rev. Écol. Syst.), 113, 257-262. DALLA, C. & SHORS, T.J. (2009). Sex differences in learning processes of classical and operant conditioning. Physiology & Behavior, 97, 229-238. [PDF]
VAN HEST, A., VAN HAARAN, F. & VAN DE POLL, N.E. (1987). Behavioral differences between male and female wistar rats on DRL schedules : Effects of stimuli promoting collateral activities. Physiology & Behavior, 39, 255-261. LIN, Y., TER HORST, G.J., WICHMANN, R., BAKKER, P., LIU, A., LI, X. & WESTENBROECK, C. (2009). Sex differences in the effects of acute and chronic stress and recovery after long-term stress on stress-related brain regions of rats. Cerebral Cortex 19, 1978-1989.
VAN HAARAN, F., WOUTERS, M. & VAN DE POLL, N.E. (1987). Absence of behavioral differences between male and female rats in different radial-maze procedures. Physiology & Behavior, 39, 409-412. RODRIGUEZ, C., TORRES, A., MacKINTOSH, N.J. & CHAMIZO, V.D. (2010). Sex differences in the strategies used by rats to solve a navigation task. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36 (3), 395-401. [PDF]


VAN HEST, A., VAN HAARAN, F. & VAN DE POLL, N.E. (1987). Behavioral differences between male and female Wistar rats in food rewarded leverholding. Physiology & Behavior, 39, 263-267. CHAMIZO, V.D., ARTIGAS, A.A., SANSA, J. & BANTERLA, F. (2011). Gender differences in landmark learning for virtual navigation : The role of distance to a goal. Behavioural Processes, 88 (1), 20-26.
BACHEVALIER, J., BRICKSON, M., HAGGER, C. & MISHKIN, M. (1990). Age and sex differences in the effects of selective temporal lobe lesion on the formation of visual discrimination habits in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 885-899.  
JURASKA, J.M. (1991). Sex differences in "cognitive" regions of the rat brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 16, 105-109. CHAMIZO, V.D., RODRIGUEZ, C.A., SÀNCHEZ, J. & MÀRMOL, F. (2016). Sex differences after environmental enrichment and physical exercise in rats when solving a navigation task. Learning & Behavior, 44, 227-238. [PDF]
SAYIGH, L., TYACK, P.L., WELLS, R.S., SCOTT, M.D. & IRVINE, A.B. (1995). Sex difference in whistle production in free-ranging bottle- nose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 36, 171-177. CHAMIZO, V.D., TORRES, A., RODRIGUEZ, C. & MacKINTOSH, N.J. (2019). What makes a landmark effective in adolescent and adult rats ? : Sex and age differences in a navigation task. Learning & Behavior, 47, 156-165. [PDF]
PERKINS, K.A., DONNY, E. & CAGGIULA, A.R. (1999). Sex differences in nicotine effects and self-administration : Review of human and animal evidence. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 1, 301-315.

Voir aussi Différence et Différences sexuelles chez les humains
Sexe (Différences/Anatomie) : Différences sexuelles et dimorphisme. Sex differences and body.
   

BLAAK, E. (2001). Gender differences in fat metabolism. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 4 (6), 499–502.
WIENRICH, A.M., WELLS, P.A. & McMANUS, I.C. (1982). Handedness, anxiety and sex differences. British Journal of Psychology, 73, 69-72. [PDF]   CHUNG, W.C.J, DE VRIES, G.J. &  SWAAB, D.F. (2002). Sexual differentiation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in humans may extend into adulthood. Journal of Neuroscience 22, 1027-1033.
  BARON-COHEN, S. (2003). The essential difference : The truth about the male and female brain. New York : Basic Books.

WOODS, S.C., GOTOH, K. & CLEGG, D.J. (2003). Gender differences in the control of energy homeostasis. Experimental Biology & Medicine, 228, 1175–1180.
PHEASANT, S.T. (1983). Sex differences in strength : some observations on their variability. Applied Ergonomics, 14, 205-211. HUGHES, S.M. & GALLUP, G.G. (2003). Sex differences in morphological predictors of sexual behavior. Shoulder to hip and waist to hip ratios. Evolution & Human Behavior, 24 (3), 173-178.
SWAAB, D.F. & HOFMAN, M.A. (1984). Sexual differentiation of the human brain a historical perspective. Progress in Brain Research, 61, 361-374. [PDF] NYBORG, H. (2005). Sex-related differences in general intelligence g, brain size, and social status. Personality & Individual Differences, 39, 497-509. [PDF]
ALLEN, L.S. & GORSKI, R.A. (1990). Sex difference in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the human brain. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 302, 697-706.
COSGROVE, K.P., MAZURE, C.M. & STALEY, K. (2007). Evolving knowledge of sex differences in brain structure, function, and chemistry. Biological Psychiatry 62, 847–855. [PDF]

TARNOPOLSKY, M.A. (2008). Sex differences in exercise metabolism and the role of 17-beta estradiol. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40 (4), 648–654.
BACHEVALIER, J., BRICKSON, M., HAGGER, C. & MISHKIN, M. (1990). Age and sex differences in the effects of selective temporal lobe lesion on the formation of visual discrimination habits in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Behavioral Neuroscience, 104, 885-899.  RUSSELL, R. (2009). A sex difference in facial contrast and its exaggeration by cosmetics. Perception, 38, 1211-1219

LENROOT, R.K. & GIEDD, J.N. (2010). Sex differences in the adolescent brain. Brain & Cognition, 72, 46–55.

WU, B.N. & O'SULLIVAN, A.J. (2011). Sex differences in energy metabolism need to be considered with lifestyle modifications in human. Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism, 1-5. [PDF]
BISHOP, K.M. & WALHSTEN, D. (1997). Sex difference in the human corpus callosum : Myth or reality ? Neuroscience Behavioral Review, 21, 581-601. [PDF] McCARTHY, M.M., ARNOLD, A.P., BALL, G.F., BLAUSTEIN, J.D. & DE VRIES, G.J. (2012). Sex differences in the brain : The not so inconvenient truth. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (7), 2241-2247. [PDF]

RUIGROK, A.N.V., SALIMI-KHORSHIDI, G., LAI, M.-C., BARON-COHEN, S., LOMBARDO, M.V., TAIT, R.J. & SUCKLING, J. (2014). A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 39 (100), 34-50. [PDF]
  LÜDERS, E., TOGA, A.W. & THOMPSON, P.M. (2014). Why size matters : differences in brain volume account for apparent sex differences in callosal anatomy : the sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum. NeuroImage, 84, 820-824. [PDF]

INGALHALIKAR, M., SMITH, A., PARKER, D., SATTERWAITE, T.D., ELLIOT, M.A., RUPAREI, K., HAKONARSON, H., GUR, R.E., GUR, R.C. & VERMA. R. (2014). Sex differences in the structural connectome of the human brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 111, 823-828.
BLUM, D. (1998). Sex on the brain : The biological differences between men and women. Penguin. JONES-JOHNSON, G., JOHNSON, W.R. & FRISHMAN, N. (2014). Race and gender differences in obesity and disease. Sociology Mind, 4 (3), 233-241. [PDF]

TAN, A., MA, W, VIRA, A., MARWHA,D. & ELIOT, L. (2015). The human hippocampus is not sexually-dimorphic : meta-analysis of structural MRI volumes. Neuroimage, 124, 350-366.

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Cerveau et différences et Dimorphisme
Sexe (Différences/Agressivité) : Différences sexuelles et agressivité. Sex differences in aggression.
   
FRODI, A., MACAULAY, J. & THOME, P.R. (1977). Are women always less aggressive than men ? A review of the experimental literature. Psychological Bulletin, 84 (4), 634-660. ELEY, T.C., LICHENSTEIN, P. & STEVENSON, J. (1999). Sex differences in the etiology of aggressive and nonaggressive antisocial behavior : Results from two twin studies. Child Development, 70, 155-168.
MACCOBY, E.E. & JACKLIN, C.N. (1980). Sex differences in aggression : A rejoiner and reprise. Child Development, 51, 964-980. EAGLY, A.H. & WOOD, W. (1999). The origins of aggression sex differences : Evolved dispositions versus social roles. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 2, 223-224.
TOWSON, S.M.J. & ZANNA, M.P. (1982). Toward a situational analysis of gender differences in aggression. Sex Roles, 8, 903-914. WEST, C.M. & ROSE, S.M. (2000). Dating aggression among African Americans : An examination of gender differences and adversarial beliefs. Violence Against Women, 6 (5), 470-494. [PDF]
HYDE, J.S. (1984). How large are gender differences in aggression ? A developmental meta-analysis. Developmental Psychology, 20 (4), 722-736. MOFFITT, T.E., CASPI, A., RUTTER, M. & SILVA, P.A. (2001). Sex differences in antisocial behaviour : Conduct disorder, delinquency, and violence in the Dunedin Longitudinal Study. Cambridge University Press.
HYDE, J.S. (1986). Gender differences in aggression. In J.S. Hyde & M.C. Linn (Eds.), The psychology of gender : Advances through meta- analysis (pp. 51-66). Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press. CÔTÉ, S., TREMBLAY, R.E. et VITARO, F. (2003). Le développement de l’agression physique au cours de l’enfance : différences entre les sexes et facteurs de risque familiaux. Sociologie et Sociétés, 35 (1), 203-220. [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H. & STEFFEN, V.J. (1986). Gender and aggressive behavior : A meta-analytic review of the Social Psychological Literature Psychologica Bulletin, 100 (3), 309-330. [PDF] ARCHER, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings : A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8, 291-322. [PDF]
BJÖRKQVIST, K., LAGERSPETZ, K.M.J. & KAUKIAINEN, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight ? : Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117-127.
LIGHTDALE, J.R. & PRENTICE, D.A. (1994). Rethinking sex differences in aggression : Aggressive behavior in the absence of social roles. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 34-44. FETCHENHAUER, D. & BUUNK, B. (2005). How to explain gender differences in fear of crime : Towards an evolutionary approach. Sexualities, Evolution & Gender, 7 (7), 95-113. [PDF]
BJÖRKQVIST, K., ÖSTERMA, K. & LAGERSPETZ, K. (1994). Sex differences in covert aggression in adults. Aggressive Behavior, 20, 27–33. HESS, N.H. & HAGEN, E.H. (2006). Sex differences in indirect aggression psychological evidence from young adults. Evolution & Human Behavior, 27, 231-245. [PDF]
BJORKQVIST, K. (1994). Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression : A review of recent research. Sex Roles, 30 (3/4), 177-188. [PDF] CAMPBELL, A. (2006). Sex differences in direct aggression : what are the psychological mediators ? Aggression & Violent Behavior, 11 (3), 237-264. [PDF]

COTÉ, S.M. (2007). Sex differences in physical and indirect aggression : A developmental perspective. European Journal on Criminal Policy & Research, 13, 183-200. [PDF]
BETTENCOURT, B.A. & MILLER, N (1996). Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 119 (3), 422-447. FINKELA, E.J. & SLOTTERA, E.B. (2009). Human sex differences in aggression. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 32 (3-4), 279-279. [PDF]

BJORKVIST, K. (2018). Gender differences in aggression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 39-42.
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Agressivité
 
Sexe (Différences/Apparences) : Différences sexuelles et apparence. sex differences in body size.
   
MINTZ, L.B. & BENTZ, N.E. (1986). Sex differences in the nature, realism, and correlates of body image. Sex Roles, 15, 185-195.
FURNHAM, A. & RADLEY, S. (1989). Sex differences in the perception of male and female body shapes. Personality & Individual Differences, 10, 653-662.
FURNHAM, A., HESTER, C. & WEIR, C. (1990). Sex differences in the preferences for specific female body shapes. Sex Roles, 22, 743-754.
COHEN, L.D. & ADLER, N.E. (1992). Female and male perceptions of ideal body shapes : Distorted views among Caucasian college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 69-79.
TIGGEMANN, M. & PENNINGTON, B. (1996). The development of gender differences in body- size dissatisfaction. Australian Psychologist, 25, 306-313.
DEMAREST, J. & LANGER, E. (1996). Perception of body shape by underweight, average- weight, and overweight men and women. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 83, 569-570.
LOKKEN, K., FERRARO, F.R., KIRCHNER, T. & BOWLING, M. (2003). Gender differences in body size dissatisfaction among individuals with low, medium, or high levels of body focus. The Journal of General Psychology, 130 (3), 305-310. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Apparence, Silhouette idéale et Satisfaction du corps
Sexe (Différences/Apprentissage) : Différences sexuelles et apprentissage. Sex differences in learning. learning process.
   
CIEUTAT, V.J. (1962). Sex differences in the conditioning and extinction of conversational behavior. Psychological Reports, 10, 467-474.
SPENCE, K.W. & SPENCE, J.T. (1966). Sex and anxiety differences in eyelid conditioning. Psychological Bulletin, 65 (3), 137-142.
SHORS, T.J. (1998). Stress and sex effects on associative learning : For better or for worse. Neuroscientist, 4, 353-364.
ASTUR, R.S., ORTIZ, M.L. & SUTHERLAND, R.J. (1998). A characterization of performance by men and women in a virtual Morris water task : a large and reliable sex difference. Behavior & Brain Research, 93 (12), 185-190. [PDF]
STARK, R., WOLF, O.T., TABBERT, K., KAGERER S., ZIMMERMANN, M., KIRSCH, P., SCHIENLEE, A. & VAITLA, D. (2006). Influence of the stress hormone cortisol on fear conditioning in humans : evidence for sex differences in the response of the prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage, 32 (3), 1290-1298. [PDF]
SULLIVAN, P. (2001). Gender differences and the online classroom : Male and female college students evaluate their experiences. Community College Journal of Research & Practice, 25 (10), 805-818. [PDF]
CHERNEY, I.D. & POSS, J. (2008). Sex differences in Nintendo Wii performance as expected from hunter-gatherer selection. Psychological Reports, 102, 745-754.
DALLA, C. & SHORS, T.J. (2009). Sex differences in learning processes of classical and operant conditioning. Physiology & Behavior, 97, 229-238. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Apprentissage
Sexe (Différence/Travail) : Différences sexuelles, effet plafond de verre et travail. Sex differences at work.
   
WATTS, B.L., MESSÉ, L.A. & VALLACHER, R.R. (1982). Toward understanding sex differences in pay allocation : Agency, communion, and reward distribution behavior. Sex Roles, 8, 1175-1187. SEIDEL, M.-D.L., POLZER, J.T. & STEWART, K.J. (2000). Friends in high places : The effects of social networks on discrimination in salary negotiations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45 (1), 1-24.
  LOUFTI, M.F. (2001). Women, gender and work. Geneva : International Labor Organization (ILO).
  KEAVNEY, T.J. & INDERRIEDEN, E.J. (2000). Gender differences in pay satisfaction and pay expectations. Journal of Managerial Issues, 12, 363-380.
  PERNA, L. (2001). Sex Differences in faculty salaries : A cohort analysis. Review of Higher Education, 24, 283-307.
MAJOR, B. & KONAR, E. (1984). An investigation of sex differences in pay expectations and their possible causes. Academy of Management Journal, 27 (4), 777-792. WADE, M.E. (2001). Women and salary negotiation : The costs of self-advocacy. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25 (1), 65-76.
MAJOR, B. McFARLIN, D.B. & GAGNON, D. (1984). Overworked and underpaid : On the nature of gender differences in personal entitlement. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 47 (6), 1399-1412. McDOWELL, J.M., SINGELL, L.D. & ZILIAK, J.P. (2001). Gender and promotion in the economics profession. ILR Review, 54 (2), 224-244.
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SPURR, S. (1990). Sex discrimination in the legal profession: A study of promotion. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 43 (4), 406-417. FORTIN, N.M. & HUBERMAN, M. (2002). Occupational gender segregation and women’s wages in Canada : An historical perspective. Analyse de Politiques, 28 (S1), 11-39.
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THARENOU, P. (1999). Gender differences in advancing to the top. International Journal of Management Review, 1 (2), 111-132. BROWN, K.R. (2006). Evolved sex differences and occupational segregation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 143-162. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Effet plafond de verre, Carrière, Salaire, Sexisme, Promotion et Sous-représentation
Sexe (Différences/Cerveau) : Sex differences in brain.
   
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CHUNG, W.C.J., DE VRIES, G.J., & WAAB, D.F. (2002). Sexual differentiation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in humans may extend into adulthood. Journal of Neuroscience 22, 1027-1033.
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HAMANN, S.B., HERMAN, R.A., NOLAN, C.L. & WALLEN, K. (2004). A sex difference in amygdala response to visual sexual stimuli. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 411-416
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BARTLEY, E.J. & FILLINGIM, R.B. (2013). Sex differences in pain : a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111 (1), 52-58. [PDF]

BANGASSER, D.A. (2013). Sex differences in stress-related receptors: "Micro" differences with "macro" implications for mood and anxiety disorders. Biology of Sex Differences, 4, 2-15. [PDF]

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Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Mythe sur le cerveau, Dimorphisme et Taille du cerveau
Sexe (Différences/Cognition) : Voir Différences sexuelles et intelligence et +. Sex differe nces in mental abilities.
Sexe (Différences/Communication) : Différences sexuelles et communication. Sex differences in communication.
   
HALL, J.A. (1978). Gender effects in decoding nonverbal cues. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 845-857.
CANARY, D.J. & HAUSE, K.S. (1993). Is there any reason to research sex differences in communication ? Communication Quarterly, 41, 129-144. CANARY, D.J. & DINDIA, K. (Eds.). (1998). Sex differences and similarities in communication : Critical essays and empirical investigations of sex and gender in interaction. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Voir aussi Communication
Sexe (Différences/Croyances) : Différences sexuelles et croyances. Sex differences in communication.
   
LEHMAN, H.C. & WITTY, P.A. (1928). Sex differences in credulity. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 23, 356-368.
SUZIEDELIS, A. & POTIV, R.H. (1981). Sex differences in factors affecting religiousness among Catholic adolescents. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 20, 38-50.
ZEIDNER, M. & BELT-HALLAHMI, B. (1988). Sex, ethnic and social class differences in para-religious beliefs among Israeli adolescents. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 333-343.

Voir aussi Croyance
Sexe (Différences/Culture) : Différences sexuelles, différence culturelles et culture. Sex differences and culture.
   
WHITING, B. & EDWARDS, C.P. (1973). A cross-cultural analysis of sex differences in the behavior of children aged three to eleven. Journal of Social Psychology, 91, 171-188.
SUSSMAN, N. & ROSENFELD, H. (1982). Influence of culture, language and sex on conversational distance. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 42, 66-74. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différence sexuelle et Différence culturelle
Sexe (Différences/Douleur) : Différences sexuelles, différence culturelles et culture. Sex differences in pain.
   
FILLINGIM, R.B. DOLEYS, D.M., EDWARDS, R.R. & LOWERY D. (2003). Clinical charactec istics of chronic back pain as a function of gender and oral opioid use. Spine, 28, 143-150.
FILLINGIM, R.B., NESS, T.J., GLOVER, T.L., CAMPBELL, C.M., HASTIE, B.A., PRICE, D.D. & STAUD, R. (2005). Morphine responses and experimental pain: sex differences in side effects and cardiovascular responses but not analgesia. Journal of Pain, 6, 116-124.
FILLINGIM, R.B. KING, C.D., RIBEIRO-DASILVA, M.C., RAHIM-WILLIAMS, B. & RILEY, J.L. (2009). Sex, gender, and pain : a review of recent clinical and experimental findings. Journal of Pain, 10, 447-485.
BARTLEY, E.J. & FILLINGIM, R.B. (2013). Sex differences in pain : a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 111 (1), 52-58. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différence sexuelle et Différence culturelle
Sexe (Différences/École) : Différences sexuelles, enseignement et école. Sex differences in academic achievement.
   
COOPER, H.M., BURGER, J.M. & GOOD, T.L. (1981). Gender differences in academic locus of control beliefs of young children. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 40, 562-572. CENTRA, J.A. & GAUBATZ, N.B. (2000). Is there gender bias in student evaluations of teaching ? The Journal of Higher Education, 71, 17-33.
BENNETT, S.K. (1982). Student perceptions of and expectations for male and female instructors : Evidence relating to the question of gender bias in teaching evaluation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74 (2), 170-179. SULLIVAN, P. (2001). Gender differences and the online classroom : Male and female college students evaluate their experiences. Community College Journal of Research & Practice, 25 (10), 805-818. [PDF]
ZEIDNER, M. (1986). Sex differences in scholastic aptitude : the Israeli scene. Personality & Individual Differences, 7, 847-852. WALLACE, J.M., GOODKIND, S.G., WALLACE, C.M. & BASHMAN, J. (2008). Racial/ethnic and gender differences in school discipline among American high school students : 1991-2005. Negro Educational Review, 59, 47-62.
ZEIDNER, M. (1986). Sex differences in scholastic ability in Jewish and Arab college students in Israel. The Journal of Social Psychology, 126 (6), 801-803. KOST, L., POLLOCK, S.J. & FINKELSTEIN, N.D. (2009). Characterizing the gender gap in introductory physics. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 5, 1-14. [PDF]
BASOW, S.A. & SILBERG, N.T. (1987). Student evaluations of college professors : Are female and male professors rated differently ? Journal of Educational Psychology, 79 (3), 308-314. KORTEMEYER, G. (2009). Gender differences in the use of an online homework system in an introductory physics course. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 5, 1-8. [PDF]
HAZEL, E., LOGAN, P. & GALLAGHER, P. (1997). Equitable assessment of students in physics : importance of gender and language background. International Journal of Science Education, 19 (4), 381-392. YUKSELTURK, E. & BULUT, S. (2009). Gender differences in self-regulated online learning environment. Educational Technology & Society, 12 (3), 12-22. [PDF]
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NOWELL, A. & HEDGES, L.V. (1998). Trends in gender differences in academic achievement from 1960 to 1994 : An analysis of differences in mean, variance and extreme scores. Sex Roles, 39, 21-43. HALPERN, D.F. ELIOT, L., BIGLER, R.S., FABES, R.A., HANISH, L.D., HYDE, J.S., LIBEN, L.S. & MARTIN, C.L. (2011). The pseudoscience of single-sex schooling. Science, 333, 1706-1707. [PDF]
WHITLEY, B.E., NELSON, A.B. & JONES, C.J. (1999). Gender differences in cheating attitudes and classroom cheating behavior : A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 41, 657-677. AANESEN, F., MELAND, E. & TORP, S. (2017). Gender differences in subjective health complaints in adolescence : The roles of self-esteem, stress from schoolwork and body dissatisfaction. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45 (4), 1-8.
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et École
Sexe (Différences/Émotions) : Différences sexuelles, humeur et émotion. Sex differences in emotionality.
   
CHERULNIK, P.D. (1979). Sex differences in the expression of emotion in a structured social encounter. Sex Roles, 4, 413-424. GROSS, J.J. & JOHN, O.P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85, 348.
EISENBERG, N. & LENNON, R. (1983). Sex differences in empathy and related capacities. Psychological Bulletin, 94, 100-131. HALL, J.A. & MATSUMOTO, D. (2004). Gender difference in judgments of multiple emotions from facial expressions. Emotion, 4 (2), 201-206.
BRODY, L.R. (1985). Gender differences in emotional development : a review of theories and research. Journal of Personality, 53, 102-150. HARP, C., VAN GOOZEN, S. & GOODYER, I. (2006). Children’s subjective emotional reactivity to affective pictures : Gender differences and their antisocial correlates in an unselected sample of 7-11-year-olds. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 47, 143-150.
VERKUYTEN, M. (1986). The impact of ethnic and sex differences on happiness among adolescents in the Netherlands. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 259-260. SCHÜTZWOHL, A. (2006). Sex differences in jealousy : Information search and cognitive preoccupation. Personality & Individual Differences, 40 (2), 285–292.
DIMBERG, U. & LUNDQUIST, O. (1988). Facial reactions to facial expressions : sex differences, Psychophysiology, 25, 442-443. VIGIL, J.M. (2008). Sex differences in affect behaviors, desired social responses, and accuracy at understanding the social desires of other people. Evolutionary Psychology, 6 (3), 506-522. [PDF]
WOOD, W., RHODES, N. & WHELAN, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being : A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 249-264. [PDF] PENKE, L. & ASENDORPF, J.B. (2008). Evidence for conditional sex differences in emotional but not in sexual jealousy at the automatic level of cognitive processing. European Journal of Personality, 22, 3-30. [PDF]
LAFRANCE, M. & BANAJI, M.R. (1992). Toward a reconsideration of the gender-emotion relationship. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (Vol. 14, pp. 178-201). Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications. [PDF] RUECKERT, L. & NAYBAR, N. (2008). Gender differences in empathy : The role of the right hemisphere. Brain & Cognition 67, 162-167. [PDF]
BUSS, D.M., LARSEN, R.J., WESTEN, D. & SEMMELROTH, J. (1992). Sex differences in jealousy : Evolution, physiology, and psychology. Psychological Science, 3, 251-255. [PDF] VIGIL, J.M. (2009). A socio-relational framework of sex differences in the expression of emotion. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 32 (5), 375-407. [PDF]
GROSSMAN, M. & WOOD, W. (1993). Sex differences in emotional intensity : A social role explanation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65, 1010-1022. [PDF] KASHDAN, T.B., MISHRA, A., BREEN, W.E. & FROH, J. (2009). Gender differences in gratitude : Examining appraisals, narratives, the willingness to express emotions, and changes in psychological needs. Journal of Personality, 77, 2691-2730. [PDF]
FISHER, A.H. (1993). Sex differences in emotionality : Fact or stereotype ? Feminism & Psychology, 3, 303-318. ZLOMKE, K.R. & HAHN, K.S. (2010). Cognitive emotion regulation strategies : Gender differences and associations to worry. Personality & Individual Differences, 48 (4), 408-413. [PDF]
BRODY, L.R., LOVAS, G. & HAY, D. (1995). Sex differences in anger and fear as a function of situational context. Sex Roles, 32, 47-78. BANGASSER, D.A., ZHANG, X., GARACHH, V., HANHAUSER, E. & VALENTINO, R.J. (2011). Sexual dimorphism in locus coeruleus dendritic morphology : A structural basis for sex differences in emotional arousal. Physiology & Behavior, 103, 342-351. [PDF]
MORETTI, M.M., REIN, A.S. & WIEBE, V.J. (1998). Relational self-regulation : Gender differences in risk for dysphoria. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 30 (4), 243-252. WESTGATE-FORSTER, A. (2013). Gender differences and misattribution in anger arousal. The Huron University College Journal of Learning & Motivation, 51 (1), [PDF]
KRING, A.M. & GORDON, A.H. (1998). Sex differences in emotion : expression, experience, and physiology.Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74 (3), 686-703. [PDF]  PROKOP, P. & JANCOVICOVÀ, M. (2013). Disgust sensitivity and gender differences : an initial test of the parental investment hypothesis. Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century, 7 (7), 40-48. [PDF]

BANGASSER, D.A. (2013). Sex differences in stress-related receptors : "Micro" differences with "macro" implications for mood and anxiety disorders. Biology of Sex Differences, 4, 2-15. [PDF]
THAYER, J.F. & JOHNSEN, B.H. (2000). Sex differences in judgement of facial affect : A multivariate analysis of recognition errors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 243-246. FAIRBARN, C.E., SAYETTE, M.A. AMOLE, M.C., DIMOFF, J.D., COHN, J.F. & GIRARD, J.M. (2015). Speech volume Indexes gender differences in the social-emotional effects of alcohol. Experimental & Clinical Psychopharmacology, 23 (4), 255-264. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Émotion
 
Sexe (Différences/Estime de soi) : Différences sexuelles et estime de soi. Sex differences in self-esteem.
   
VERKUYTEN, M. (1986). Impact of ethnic and sex differences on global self-esteem among adoles­cents in the Netherlands. Psychological Reports, 59, 446. SEAMON, C.M. (2003). Self-esteem, sex differences, and self-disclosure : A study of the closeness of relationship. Osprey Journal of Ideas & Inquiry, 99, 153-167. [PDF]
VERKUYTEN, M. (1989). Self-esteem among Dutch and Turkish children in the Nether­lands. Journal of Social Psychology, 129, 269-271. BACHMAN, J.G., O'MALLEY, P.M., FREEDMAN-DOAN, P., DONNELLAN, M.B. & TRZESNIEWSKI, K.H. (2011). (2011). Adolescent self-esteem : Differences in race/ethnicity, gender, and age. Self & Identity, 10, 445-473.
SCHWALBE, M.L. & STAPLES, C.L. (1991). Gender differences in sources of self-esteem. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 158-168. CAMERON, J.J., STINSON, D.A. & WOOD, J.V. (2013). The bold and the bashful : Self-esteem, gender, and relationship initiation. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 4, 685-692.
STEIN, J.A., NEWCOMB, M.D. & BENTLER, P.M. (1992). The effect of agency and communality on self-esteem : Gender differences in longitudinal data. Sex Roles, 26, 465-483. STINSON, D.A., GAUCHER, D., WOOD, J.V., REDDOCH, L., HOLMES, J.G. & LITTLE, C.G. (2012). Sex, "lies," and videotape : Self-esteem and successful presentation of gender roles. Social Psychological & Personality Science, 3, 503-509. [PDF]
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JOSEPHS, R.A., MARKUS, H.R. & TAFARODI, R.W. (1992). Gender and self-esteem. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 63 (3), 391-402. ZEIDERS, K.H., UMANA-TAYLOR, A.J. & DERLAN, C.L. (2013). Trajectories of depressive symptoms and self-esteem in Latino youths : Examining the role of gender and perceived discrimination. Developmental Psychology, 49, 951-963.
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KLING, K.C., HYDE, J.S., SHOWERS, C.J., BUSWELL & B.N. (1999). Gender differences in self-esteem : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (4), 470-500. BLEIDORN, W., ARSLAN, R.C., DENISSEN, J., RENTFROW, J.A., GEBAUER, J.E., POTTER, J. & GOSLING, S.D. (2016). Age and gender differences in self-esteem - A cross-cultural window. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 111 (3), 396-410. [PDF] + [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Estime de soi
Sexe (Différences /Habiletés sociales) : Différences sexuelles, socialisation et habiletés sociales. Sex differences in cooperation.
   
SUTTON-SMITH, B. & ROSENBWRGER, B.G. (1963). Development of sex differences in play choices during preadolescence. Child Development, 34, 119-126. SHUMAKER, S.A. & HILL, D.R. (1991). Gender differences in social support and physical health. Health Psychology, 10, 102-111.
BOROFSKY, G.L., STOLLAK, G.E. & MESSE, L.A. (1971). Sex differences in bystander reactions to physical assault. Journal Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 313-318. LANOLT, M.A., LALUMIÈRE, M.L. & QUINSY, V.L. (1995). Sex differences in intra-sex variations in human mating tactics : An evolutionary approach. Ethology & Sociobiology, 16, 3-23. [PDF]
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ADAMS, R.M. & KIRKEVOLD, B. (1978). Looking, smiling, laughing, and moving in restaurants : Sex and age differences. Environmental Psychology & Nonverbal Behavior, 3, 117-121. LAFRANCE, M., PALUCK, E.L. & HECHT, M.A. (2003). The contingent smile : A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129 (2), 305-334. [PDF]
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ROSENTHAL, R. & DEPAULO, B.M. (1979). Sex differences in eavesdropping on nonverbal cues. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37 (2), 273-285. BERDAHL, J.L. & ANDERSON, C. (2005). Men, women, and leadership centralization in groups over time. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, & Practice, 9 (1), 45-57. [PDF]
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CURRY, J.F. & HOCK, R.A. (1981). Sex differences in sex role ideals in early adolescence. Adolescence, 16, 779-789. VAN VUGT, M. & SPISAK, B.R. (2008). Sex differences in leadership emergence during competitions within and between groups. Psychological Science, 19, 854-858. [PDF]
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SHOTLAND, R.L. & CRAIG, J.M. (1988). Can men and women differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior ? Social Psychology Quarterly, 51 (1), 66-73. [PDF] GHOSH, S. & GREENBERG, J.S. (2012). Gender differences in caregiving experience and the importance of social participation and marital satisfaction among aging mothers and fathers of adults with schizophrenia. Social Work in Mental Health, 10, 146-168.
CARLI, L.L. (1989). Gender differences in interaction style and influence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 56, (4), 565-576. [PDF] DELLAVIGNA, S., LIST, J.A., MALMENDIER, U. & RAO, G. (2013). The importance of being marginal : Gender differences in generosity. American Economic Review, 103 (3), 586-590. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Habiletés sociales et Socialisation
Sexe (Différences/Hormones) : Différences sexuelles, différences sur le plan cérébral et hormones. Sex differences in hormone.
   
SCHLAEPFER, T.E., HARRIS, G.J., TIEN, A.Y., PENG, L., LEE, S. & PEARLSON, G.D. (1995). Structural differences in the cerebral cortex of healthy female and male subjects : a magnetic resonance imaging study. Psychiatry Research, 61 (3), 129-135. MIGEON, C.J. & WISNIEWSKI, A.B. (2000). Human sex differentiation : From transcription factors to gender. Hormone Research, 53 (3), 111-119.
COLLAER, M.L. & HINES, M. (1995). Human behavioral sex differences : A role for gonadal hormones during early development ? Psychological Bulletin, 118, 55-107.

DROSSOPOULOU, G., ANTONIOU, K., KITRAKI, E., PAPATHANASIOU, G.E., PAPLEXI, E., DALLA, C.K & PAPADOPOULOU-DAIFOTI, Z. (2004). Sex differences in behavioral, neurochemical and neuroendocrine effects induced by the forced swim test in rats. Neuroscience, 126, 849-857.
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  VAN ANDERS, S. & DUNN, E. (2009). Are gonadal steroids linked with orgasm perceptions and sexual assertiveness in women and men ? Hormones & Behavior, 56, 206-213.
  VIGIL, J.M., GEARY, D.C., GRANGER, D.A. & FLINN, M V. (2010). Sex differences in salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and psychological functioning following Hurricane Katrina. Child Development, 81, 1228-1240.
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  VIGIL, J.M., GEARY, D.C., GRANGER, D.A. & FLINN, M V. (2010). Sex differences in salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and psychological functioning following Hurricane Katrina. Child Development, 81 (4), 1228-1240. [PDF]
ROGERS, L.J. (1998). Indirect influences of gondal hormones on sexual differentiation. Behavioral Brain Sciences, 21, 337-338. LEBRON-MILAD, K. & MILAD, M.R. (2012). Sex differences, gonadal hormones and the fear extinction network : implications for anxiety. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, 2 (3), 1-12. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Hormone
Sexe (Différences/Habiletés cognitives) : Différences sexuelles sur le plan de l'intelligence et des habiletés cognitives et verbales. Différences sexuelles, Intelligence et différence sexuelle en mathématique. Sex differences in mental abilities.
   
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ROBERT, M. (1995). Fonctionnement cognitif et comparaisons intersexes. In J. Lautrey (Dir.), Universel et différentiel en psychologie (pp. 279-304). Paris : Presses universitaires de France. MARKOVITS, H., BENENSON, J. & WHITE, S. (2006). Gender and priming differences in speed of processing of information relating to social structure. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 662-667. [PDF]
VOYER D., VOYER, S. & BRYDEN, M.P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities : A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 250-270. DE FRIAS, C.M., NILSSON, L.G. & HERLIZ, A. (2006). Sex differences in cognition are stable over a 10-year period in adulthood and old age. Neuropsychology, Development, & cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology & Cognition, 13 (34), 574-587.
SHAYWITZ, B.A. et al. (1995). Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Science, 373, 607-609. CHABRIS, C.F. & GLIKMAN, M.E. (2006). Sex differences in intellectual performance : Analysis of a large cohort of competitive chess players. Psychological Science, 17 (12), 1040-1046. [PDF]
ROBERT, M. & HAREL, F. (1996). The gender difference in orienting liquid surfaces and plumb lines : Its robustness, its correlates, and the associated knowledge of physics. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 280-334. FENG, J., SPENCE, I. & PRATT, J. (2007). Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition. Psychological Science, 18 (10), 850-855. [PDF]
VASTA, R., KNOTT, J.A. & GAZE, C.E. (1996). Can spatial training erase the gender differences on the water-level task ? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20, 549-567. CHERNEY, I.D. (2008). Mom, let me play more computer games : They improve my mental rotation skills. Sex Roles, 59 (11-12), 776-786. [PDF]
MACKINTOSH, N.J. (1996). Sex differences and IQ. Journal of Biosocial Science, 28, 559-571. MOORE, D.S. & JOHNSON, S.P. (2008). Mental rotation in human infants : A sex difference. Psychological Science, 19, 1063-1066. [PDF]
LYNN, R. (1997). Sex differences in intelligence : Data from a Scottish standardization of the WAIS-R. Personality & Individual Differences, 24 (2), 289-290. ALEXANDER, G.M. & EVARDONE, M. (2008). Blocks and bodies : Sex differences in a novel version of the mental rotations test. Hormones & Behavior, 53 (1), 177-184. [PDF]
HALPERN, D.F. (1997). Sex differences in intelligence : Implications for education. American Psychologist, 52, 1091-1102. KAISER, A, HALLER, S., SCHMITZ, S. & NITSCH, C. (2009). On sex/gender related similarities and differences in fMRI language research. Brain Research Reviews, 61 (2), 49-59. [PDF]
  FRYER, R.G. & LEVITT, S. (2010). An empirical analysis of the gender gap in mathematics. American Economic Journal : Applied Economics, 2, 210-240.

COLOM, R., JUAN-ESPINOSA, M., ABAD, F.J. & GARCIA, L.F. (2000). Negligible sex differences in general intelligence. Intelligence, 28 (1), 57-68. [PDF]
COLLINS, D.W. & KIMURA, D. (1997). A large sex difference on a two dimensional mental rotation task. Behavioral Neuroscience, 111, 845-849. TZURIEL, D. & EGOZI, G. (2010). Gender differences in spatial ability of young children : The effects of training and processing strategies. Child Development, 81 (5), 1417-1430. [PDF]
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  SERVIN, A., BOHLIN, G. & BERLIN, L. (1999). Sex differences in 1-, 3-, and 5-year-olds'toy choice in a structured play-session. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 40, 43-48. [PDF] WESTGATE-FORSTER, A. (2013). Gender differences and misattribution in anger arousal. The Huron University College Journal of Learning & Motivation, 51 (1), [PDF]
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  LYNN, R. (1999). Sex difference in intelligence and brain size : A developmental theory. Intelligence, 27 (1), 1-12. ZHAO, Y., DING, Y., SHEN,Y . & LIU, W. (2022). Gender difference in psychological, cognitive, and behavioral patterns among university students during COVID-19 : A machine learning approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-11. [PDF]
  Voir aussi Rotation mentale, Différences sexuelles et Intelligence
   
Sexe (Différences/Jeux) : Différences sexuelles et Jeu. Sex differences in play, leisure, leisure-time.
   
SUTTON-SMITH, B. & ROSENBWRGER, B.G. (1963). Development of sex differences in play choices during preadolescence. Child Development, 34, 119-126. ALEXANDER, G.M. & HINES, M. (1994). Gender labels and play stles : Their relative contribution to children's selection of playmates. Child Development, 65, 869-879.
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MESSER, S.B. & LEWIS, M. (1972). Social class and sex differences in the attachment and play behavior of the one-year-old infant. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 18 (4), 295-306. DELFABBRO, P.H. (2000). Gender differences in Australian gambling : a critical summary of sociological and psychological research. Australian Journal of Social Issues, 35, 145-157.
LEVER, J. (1976). Sex differences in the games children play. Social Problems, 23 (4), 479-488.  
LEVER, J. (1978). Sex differences in the complexity of children's play and games. American Sociological Revew, 43, 471-483. FRIDELL, S.R. (2001). Sex-typed play behavior and peer relationships of boys with gender identity disorder. Thèse. [PDF]
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LANGLOIS, J.H. & DOWNS, A.C. (1980). Mothers, fathers and peers as socialization agents of sex-typed play behaviors in young children. Child Development, 51, 1237-1247. CHERNEY, I.D., HARPER, H.J. & WINTER, J.A. (2006). Nouveaux jouets : ce que les enfants identifient comme "jouets de garçons" et "jouets de filles" . / Toys for tots : What preschoolers identify as "boy and girl toys". Enfance, 3, 266-282. [PDF]
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McDONALD, K. & PARKE, R.D. (1986). Parent-child physical play : The effects of sex and age of children and parents. Sex Roles, 15 (7/8), 367-378. [PDF] CHABRIS, C.F. & GLIKMAN, M.E. (2006). Sex differences in intellectual performance : Analysis of a large cohort of competitive chess players. Psychological Science, 17 (12), 1040-1046. [PDF]

AZVEDO, M.R., ARAÙJO, C.L.P., REICHERT, F.F., SIQUIERA, F. V., DA SILVA, M.C. & and HALLAL, P.C. (2007). Gender differences in leisure-time physical activity. International Journal of Public Health 52, 8–15.
CALDERA, Y.M., HUSTON, A.C. & O'BRIEN, M. (1989). Social interactions and play patterns of parents and toddlers with femine, masculine, and neutral toys. Child Development, 60, 70-76. FENG, J., SPENCE, I. & PRATT, J. (2007). Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition. Psychological Science, 18 (10), 850-855. [PDF]
  TONEATTO, T. & WANG, J. (2009). Community treatment of problem gambling: Sex differences in outcome and process. Community Mental Health Journal, 45, 468-475.
FAGOT, B.I. & HAGAN, R. (1991). Observations of parent reactions to sex-stereotyped behaviors: Age and sex effects. Child Development, 62 (3), 617-628. DUFOUR, M., BRUNELLE, N., TREMBLAY, J., LECLERC, D, COUSINEAU, M.M., KHAZAAL, Y., LÉGARÉ, A.-A., ROUSSEAU, M. & BERDICHE, J. (2016). Gender difference in internet use and internet problems among Quebec high school students. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 61 (10) 663-668. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Jeu
Sexe (Différences /Langage) : Différences sexuelles et Langage. Sex differences in langage.
   
SHAYWITZ, B.A. SHAYWITZ, S.E. KENNETH R. PUGH, K.R., CONSTABLE, R.T., SKUDLARSKI, P., FULBRIGHT, R.K., BRONEN, R.A., FLETCHER, J.M., SHANKWEILER, D.P., KATZ, L. & GORE, J.C. (1995). Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Science, 373, 607-609.  
KITAZAWA, S. & KANSAKU, K. (2004). Sex difference in language lateralization may be task-dependent. Brain, 128 (5), 30. WIMMER, S. (2009). Views on gender differences in bullying in relation to language and gender role socialisation. Griffith Working Papers in Pragmatics and Intercultural Communication, 2 (1), 18-26.
GUR R.C., ALSOP, D., GLAHN, D., PETTY, R., SWANSON, C.L., MALDJIAN, J.A. & GUR, R.E. (2000). An fMRI study of sex differences in regional activation to a verbal and a spatial task. Brain & Language, 74, 157-170. DESCARRIES, F. (2014). Language is not neutral : The construction of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities. Signs : Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 7 (3), 564-569.
 
Voir aussi Langage
Sexe (Différences/Leadership) : Différences sexuelles et leadership. Sex differences in leadership.
   
CANN, A. & SIEGFIED, W.D. (1987). Sex stereotypes and the leadership role. Sex Roles, 17 (7/8), 401-408. EAGLY, A.H. (2003). More women at the top : The impact of gender roles and leadership style. In U. Pasero (Ed.), Gender : From costs to benefits (pp. 151-169). Opladen, Wiesbaden, Germany : Westdeutscher Verlag.
POWELL, M. (1990). One more time : Do male and female managers differ ? Academy of Management Executive, 4 (3), 68-75. ROSSER, V.J. (2003). Faculty and staff members' perceptions of effective leadership : are there differences between men and women ? Equity & Excellence in Education, 36, 1-25.
EAGLY, A.H. & JOHNSON, B. T. (1990). Gender and leadership style : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 233-256. EAGLY, A.H., JOHANESEN-SCHIMDT, M.C., VAN ENGEN, M.L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: a meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 569-591
DECKER, W. (1991). Style, gender, and humor effects in evaluating leaders. Mid-Atlantic Journal of Business, 27 (2), 117-127. BERDAHL, J.L. & ANDERSON, C. (2005). Men, women, and leadership centralization in groups over time. Group Dynamics : Theory, Research, & Practice, 9 (1), 45-57. [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H. MaAKHIJANI, M.G. & KLONSKY, B.G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 3-22. MOOS, J.A., BARBUTO, J.R., MATKIN, G.S. & CHIN, T. (2005). Influence of sex differences in leaders' behavior. Psychological Reports, 96 (2), 499-510.
KENT, R.L. & MOSS, S.E. (1994). Effects of sex and gender role on leader emergence. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1335-1346. FRIEZE, I.H., OLSON, J.E., MURRELL, A.J. & SELVAN, M.S. (2006). Work values and their effect on work behavior and work outcomes in female and male managers. Sex Roles, 54, 83-93.
GIBSON, C. (1995). An investigation of gender differences in leadership across four countries. Journal of International Business Studies, 26 (2), 225-279. ANDERSON, N., LIEVENS, F., DAM, K.V. & BORN, M. (2006). A construct-driven investigation of gender differences in a leadership-role assessment center. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91 (2), 555-566.
EAGLY, A.H., KARAU, S.J. & MAKHIJANI, M.G. (1995). Gender and the effectiveness of leaders : a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 125-145. LEAPER, C. & AYRES, M. (2007). A meta-analytic review of moderators of gender differences in adults' talkativeness, affiliative, and assertive speech. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 11, 328-363.
LUTHAR, H. (1996). Gender difference in evaluation of performance and leadership ability: Task oriented vs. democratic managers. Sex Roles, 35 (5/6), 337-361. VAN VUGT, M. & SPISAK, B.R. (2008). Sex differences in leadership emergence during competitions within and between groups. Psychological Science, 19, 854-858. [PDF]
WALTERS, A.E., STUHLMACHER, A F. & MEYER, L.L. (1998). Gender and negotiator competitiveness : A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 76, 1-29.  DE HOOGH, A.H.B., DEN HARTOG, D.N. & NEVICKA, B. (2015). Gender Differences in the perceived effectiveness of narcissistic leaders. Applied Psychology, 64 (3), 473-498.
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Leadership
Sexe (Différences/Mathématiques) : Différences sexuelles, Enseignement des maths et habiletés en mathématiques. Sex differences in mathematical ability.
   
FENNEMA, E. (1974). Mathematics learning and the sexes : A review. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 5, 126-139.  GEARY, D.C., SAULTS, S.J., LIU, F. & HOARD, M.K. (2000). Sex differences in spatial cognition, computational fluency, and arithmetical reasoning. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 337-353. [PDF]
  LEAHEY, E. & GUO, G. (2000). Gender differences in mathematical trajectories. Social Forces, 80, 713-732.
  BELLER, M. & GAFNI, N. (2000). Can item format (multiple choice vs. open-ended) account for gender differences in mathematics achievement ? Sex Roles, 42, 1-21.
FENNEMA, E. & SHERMAN, J.A. (1976). Fennema-Sherman mathematics attitudes scales : Instruments designed to measure attitudes toward the learning of mathematics by females and males. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 7 (5), 324-326. BENBOW, C.P., LUBINSKI D., SHEA, D.L. & EFTEKHARI-SANJANI, H. (2000). Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability at age 13 : Their status 20 years later. Psychological Science, 11, 474-480. [PDF]
BENBOW, C.P. & STANLEY J.C. (1980). Sex differences in mathematical ability : Fact or artifact ? Science, 210 (12), 1262-1264. [PDF] NOSEK, B., BANAJI, M.R. & GREENWALD, A.G. (2002). Math = Male, Me = Female, therefore Math is not equal to Me. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83 (1), 44-59.
BENBOW, C.P. & STANLEY, J.C. (1983). Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability : More facts. Science, 222, 1029-1030. GALLAGHER, A.M., LEVIN, J.Y. & CAHALAN, C. (2002). Cognitive patterns of gender differences on mathematics admissions tests. Princeton, NJ : Educational Testing Service.
  STEELE, J. (2003). Children’s gender stereotypes about math : The role of stereotype stratification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33 (12), 2587-2606.

SCHMADER, T., JOHNS, M. & BARQUISSAU, M. (2003). The costs of accepting gender differences: The role of stereotype endorsement in women's experience in the math domain. Sex Roles : A Journal of Research, 50, 835-850.
RAYMOND, C.L. & BENBOW, C.P. (1986). Gender differences in math : a function of parental support and student sex typing ? Developmental Psychology, 22, 808-819. GALLAGHER, A.M. & KAUFMAN, J.C. (2005). Gender differences in mathematics. New York : Cambridge University Press.
GEARY, D.C. & WIDAMAN, K.F. (1987). Individual differences in cognitive arithmetic. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 116, 154-171. BYRNES, J.P. (2005). Gender differences in math : Cognitive processes in an expanded framework. In A.M. Gallagher & J.C. Kaufman (Eds.), Gender differences in mathematics. New York : Cambridge University
FEINGOLD, A. (1988). Cognitive gender differences are disappearing. American Psychologist, 43, 95-103. CHERNEY, I.D. & COLLAER, M.L. (2005). Sex differences in line judgment : Relation to mathematics preparation and strategy use. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 100, 615-627.
BENBOW, C.P. (1988). Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents : Their nature, effects, and possible causes. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 11, 169-232. SPELKE, E.S. (2005). Sex differences in intrinsic aptitude for mathematics and science ? : a critical review. American Psychologist, 60 (9), 950-958. [PDF]
KENRICK, D.T. (1988). Biology, Si ! Hard-wired ability : Maybe no. Comment on Benbow : "Sex differences in mathematical reasoning". Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 11, 199-200. LLOYD, E.V., WALSK, J. & YAILAGH, S.M. (2005). Sex differences in performance attributions, self-efficacy, and achievement in mathematics : If i’m so smart, why don’t I know it ? Canadian Journal of Education, 28, 3, 384-408. [PDF]
MEYER, M. & KOEHLER, M.S. (1990). Internal influences on gender differences in mathematics. In E. Fennema & G.C. Leder (Eds.), Mathematics and gender (pp. 60-95). New York : Teachers College Press. HALPERN, D.F., WAI, J. & SAW, S. (2005). A Psychobiological model : Why females are sometimes greater than and sometimes less than males in math achievement. In A.M. Gallagher & J.C. Kaufman (Eds.), Gender differences in mathematics. An integrative approach (pp. 49-72). NY : Cambridge University Press.
HYDE, J.S., FENNEMA, E. & LAMON, S.J. (1990). Gender differences in mathematics performance : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 139-155. MONTAGNE, B., KESSELS, R.P.C., FRIGERIO, E., DE HAAN, E.H.F. & PERRERR, D.I. (2005). Sex differences in the perception of affective facial expressions : Do men really lack emotional sensitivity ? Cognitive Process, 6, 136-141.
HYDE J.S., FENNEMA, E., RYAN, M., FROST, L.A. & HOPP, C. (1990). Gender comparisons of mathematics attitudes and affect : A meta- analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 14, 299-324. ROYER, J.M. & GAROFOLI, L.M. (2005). Cognitive contributions to sex differences in math performance. In A.M. Gallagher & J.C. Kaufman (Eds.), Gender differences in mathematics (pp. 99-120). New York : Cambridge University Press.
GEARY, D.C. (1993). Mathematical disabilities : Cognitive, neuropsychological and genetic components. Psychological Bulletin, 114 (2), 345-362. [PDF] DICKHÄUSER, O. & MEYER, W.U. (2006). Gender differences in young children's math ability attributions. Psychology Science, 48 (1), 3-16. [PDF]
STANLEY, J.C. (1993). Males and females who reason well mathematically. In G.R. Bock & K. Ackrill (Eds.), The origins and development of high ability (pp. 119-134). New York : Wiley.  GEARY, D.C. (2006). Sex differences in social behavior and cognition : The utility of sexual selection for hypothesis generation. Hormones & Behavior, 49, 273-275. [PDF]
BENBOW, C.P. & LUBINSKI, D. (1993). Psychological profiles of the mathematically talented : Some sex differences and evidence supporting their biological basis. In Ciba Foundation Symposium (Ed.), The origins and development of high ability (Vol. 178, pp. 44-66). Oxford : John Wiley & Sons. ACKERMAN, P.L. (2006). Cognitive Sex differences and mathematics and science achievement. American Psychologist, 61 (7), 722-728. [PDF]
CASEY, M.B., NUTTAL, R., PEZARIS, E. & BENBOW, C. (1995). The influence of spatial ability on gender differences in mathematics college entrance test scores across diverse samples. Developmental Psychology, 31 (4), 697-705. HYDE, J.S. & LINN, M.C. (2006). Gender similarities in mathematics and science. Science, 314, 599-600. [PDF]
MEECE, J.L., ECCLES-PARSONS, J., KACZALA, C., GOFF, S.B. & FUTTERMAN, R. (1996). Sex differences in math achievement : Toward a model of academic choice. Psychology Bulletin, 91 (2), 324-348. KENNEY-BENSON, G.A., POMERANTZ, E.M., RYAN, A.M. & PURDUE, P. (2006). Sex differences in math performance : The role of children’s approach to schoolwork. Developmental Psychology, 42 (1), 11-26. [PDF]
GEARY, D.C. (1996). Sexual selection and sex differences in mathematical abilities. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 19, 229-284. GRABNER, R.H., ANSARI, D., REISHOFER G., STERN, E., EBNER, F. & NEUPER, C. (2007). Individual differences in mathematical competence predict parietal brain activation during mental calculation. NeuroImage, 38 (2), 346-356. [PDF]
CASEY, M.B., NUTTALL, R.L. & PEZARIS, E. (1997). Mediators of gender differences in mathematics college entrance test scores : A comparison of spatial skills with internalized beliefs and anxieties. Developmental Psychology, 33 (4), 669-680. HALPERN, D., BENBOW, C., GEARY, D.C., GUR, R., HYDE, J.S. & GERNSBACHER, M.A. (2007). The science of sex differences in science and mathematics. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 8, 1-52.
MOSCONI, N. et LOUDET-VERDIER, J. (1997). Inégalités de traitement entre les filles et les garçons. Dans C. Blanchard-Laville (Dir.), Variations sur une leçon de mathématiques. Analyse d'une séquence : L'écriture des grands nombres (p. 127-151). Paris : L'Harmattan. ZHU, Z. (2007). Gender differences in mathematical problem solving patterns : A review of literature. International Education Journal, 8 (2), 187-203. [PDF] + [PDF]
FENNEMA, E., CARPENTER, T.P., JACOBS, V.R., LEVI, F. & LEVI, L.W. (1998). A longitudinal study of gender differences in young children's mathematical thinking. Educational Researcher, 27 (5), 6-11. GUISO, L., MONTE, F., SAPIENZA, P. & ZINGALES, L. (2008). Culture, gender, and math. Science, 320, 1164-1165. [PDF]
FENNEMA, E. & CARPENTER, T.P. (1998). New perspectives on gender differences in mathematics : An introduction and a reprise. Educational Researcher, 27 (5) 19-21. AMELINK, C.T. (2009). Literature overview : Gender differences in math performance. Assessing Women & Men in Engineering, 1-20. [PDF]
SPENCER, S.J., STEELE, C.M. & QUINN, D.M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women’s math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4-28. CECI, S.J. & WILLIAMS, W.M. (2010). The mathematics of sex : How biology and society conspire to limit talented women and girls. New York : Oxford University Press.
WALSH, M., HICKEY, C. & DUFFY, J. (1999). Influence of item content and stereotype situation on gender differences in mathematical problem solving. Sex Roles, 41, 219-240. FRYER, R.G. & LEVITT, S. (2010). An empirical analysis of the gender gap in mathematics. American Economic Journal : Applied Economics, 2, 210-240.

FRENZEL, A.C., GOETZ, T., PEKRUN, R. & WATT, H.M.G. (2010). Development of mathematics interest in adolescence : influence of gender, family and school context. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 507-537.
GEARY, D.C. (1996). Sex differences in mathematical abilities : Commentary on the math-fact retrieval hypothesis. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 24, 267-274. [PDF] ELSE-QUEST, N.M., HYDE, J.S. & LINN, M.C. (2010). Cross-national patterns of gender differences in mathematics : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136 (1), 103-127. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Enseignement des maths et Habiletés en mathématiques
Sexe (Différences/Mmoires) : Sexe et intelligence/mémoire. Sex differences in mental abilities.
Sexe (Différences/Méta-analyse) : Différences sexuelle et méta-analyse. Meta-analytic review of sex differences.
   
EAGLY, A.H. & CARLI. L.L. (1981). Sex of researchers and sex-typed communications as determinants of sex differences in influenceability: A meta-analysis of social influence studies. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 1-20.  
MEEHAN, A.M. (1984). A meta-analysis of sex differences in formal operational thought. Child Development, 55 (3), 1110-1124.  
LINN, M.C. & PETESEN, A.C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability : A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, 1479-1498. SOMMER, I.E., ALEMAN, A., BOUMA, A. & KAHN, R.S. (2004). Do women really have more bilateral language representation than men ? A meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Brain, 127, 1845-1852. [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H. & STEFFEN, V.J. (1986). Gender and aggressive behavior : A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature Psychological Bulletin, 100 (3), 309-330. [PDF] ARCHER, J. (2004). Sex differences in aggression in real-world settings : A meta-analytic review. Review of General Psychology, 8, 291-322.
EAGLY, A.H. & CROWLEY, M. (1986). Gender and helping behavior: A meta-analytic review of the social psychological literature. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 283-308.  
WOOD, W. (1987). A meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance. Psychological Bulletin, 102, 53-71. LYNN, R. & IRWING, P. (2004). Sex differences on the progressive matrices : a meta-analysis. Intelligence, 32, 481-498. [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H. & JOHNSON, B.T. (1990). Gender and leadership style : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 233-256.  
EAGLY, A.H. & WOOD, W. (1991). Explaining sex differences in social behavior : A meta-analytic perspective. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 306-315. LEAPER, C. & SMITH, T. E. (2004). A meta-analytic review of gender variations in children's language use: Talkativeness, affiliative speech, and assertive speech. Developmental Psychology, 40, 993-1027.
DINDIA, K. & ALLEN, M. (1992). Sex differences in self-disclosure : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 106-124.  
EAGLY, A.H., MAKHIJANI, M.G. & KLONSKY, B.G. (1992). Gender and the evaluation of leaders : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 3-22.  
OLIVER, M.B. & HYDE, J.S. (1993). Gender differences in sexuality : a meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 29-51. HYDE, J.S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60 (6), 581-592. [PDF]
FEINGOLD, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429-456. [PDF] ELSE-QUEST, N.M., HYDE, J.S., GOLDSMITH, H.H. & VAN HULLE, A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament : A Meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132 (1), 33-72. [PDF]
VOYER, D., VOYER, S. & BRYDEN, M.P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities : A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117 (2), 250-270. [PDF] PETERSEN, J.L. & HYDE J.S. (2010). A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality, 1993-2007. Psychological Bulletin 136 (1), 21-38. [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H. KARAU, S.J. & MAKHIJANI, M.G. (1995). Gender and the effectiveness of leaders: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 125-145.  
BETTENCOURT, B.A. & MILLER, N. (1996). Gender differences in aggression as a function of provocation : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 422-447.  
MURNEN, S.K. & STOCKTON, M. (1997). Gender and self-reported sexual arousal in response to sexual stimuli : A meta-analytic review. Sex Roles, 37, 135-154.  
WHITLEY, B.E. (1997). Gender differences in computer-related attitudes and behavior : A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 13, 1-22. SU, R., ROUNDS, J. & ARMSTRONG, P.I. (2009). Men and things, women and people : A meta-analysis of sex differences in interests. Psychological Bulletin, 135 (6), 859-884. [PDF]
WALTERS, A.E., STUHLMACHER, A F. & MEYER, L.L. (1998). Gender and negotiator competitiveness : A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 76, 1-29.  
 ANDERSON, K.J. & LEAPER, C. (1998). Meta-analyses of gender effects on conversational interruption: Who, what, when, where, and how. Sex Roles, 39, 225-252.  
BYRNES, J.P., MILLER, J.P., MILLER, D. & SCHAFER, W.D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (3), 367-383.  BALLIET, D., LI, N.P., MacFARLAN, S.J. & VAN VUGT, M. (2011). Sex differences in cooperation : A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas. Psychological Bulletin, 137 (6), 881-909. [PDF] + [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H. & WOOD, W. (1999). The origins of sex differences in human behavior: Evolved dispositions versus social roles. American Psychologist, 54, 408-423.  
STUHLMACHER, A.C. & WALTERS, A.E. (1999). Gender differences in negotiation outcome : A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 52, 653-677.  
WHITHLEY, B.E., JONES, A.B. & JONES, C.J. (1999). Gender differences in cheating attitudes and classroom cheating behavior : A meta analysis. Sex Roles 41 (9/10), 657-680. NOSEK, B.A. & SMYTH, F.L. (2011). Implicit social cognitions predict sex differences in math engagement and achievement. American Educational Research Journal, 48, 1125-1156.
McCLURE, E.B. (2000). A meta-analytic review of sex differences in facial expression processing and their development in infants, children, and adolescents. Psychological Bulletin, 126 (3), 424-435. PETERSEN, J.L. & HYDE J.S. (2011). Gender differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors : A review of meta-analytic results and large datasets. Journal of Sex Research, 48 (2-3), 149-165. [PDF]
PINQUART, M. & SÖRENSEN, S. (2001). Gender differences in self-concept and psychological well-being in old age : A meta-analysis. Journal of Gerontology : Psychological Sciences, 56, (4), 195-213.  
TAMRES, L K., JANICKI, D. & HELGESON, V.S. (2002). Sex differences in coping behavior : A meta-analytic review and an examination of relative coping. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 6, 2-30.  
TWENGE, J. & NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort differences in the Children’s Depression Inventory : A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 578-588. [PDF] REILLY, D. & NEUMANN, D.L. (2013). Gender-role differences in spatial ability : A meta-analytic review. Sex Roles, 68 (9), 521-535. [PDF]
EAGLY, A.H., JOHANNESEN-SCHMIDT, M.C. & VAN ENGEN, M.L. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 569-591. RUIGROK, A.N.V., SALIMI-KHORSHIDI, G., LAI, M.-C., BARON-COHEN, S., LOMBARDO, M.V., TAIT, R.J. & SUCKLING, J. (2014). A meta-analysis of sex differences in human brain structure. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 39 (100), 34-50. [PDF]
SILVERMAN, I.W. (2003). Gender differences in delay of gratification : A meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 49, 451-463. GRIJALVA, E., NEWMAN, D.A., TAY, L., DONNELLAN, M.B. HARMS, P.D., ROBINS, R.W. & YAN, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism : a meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 141 (2), 261-310.
LAFRANCE, M., PALUCK, E.L. & HECHT, M.A. (2003). The contingent smile : A meta-analysis of sex differences in smiling. Psychological Bulletin, 129 (2), 305-334. [PDF]  

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Méta-analyse
Sexe (Différences/Motivation) : Différences sexuelles et motivation. Sex differences in motivation.
   
KLEIN, K.J.K. & HODGES, S.D. (2001). Gender differences, motivation, and empathic accuracy : When it pays to understand. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (6), 720-730. MEECE, J.L., GLIENKE, B.B. & BURG, S. (2006). Gender and motivation. Journal of School Psychology, 44, 351-373. [PDF]
MEECE, J.L. & JONES, M.G. (2001). Gender differences in motivation and strategy use in science : Are girls rote learners? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33, 393-404. LEVY, B., ARIELY, D., MAZAR, N., CHIA, W., LUKA, S. & ELMAN, I. (2008). Gender differences in the motivational processing of facial beauty. Learning & Motivation, 39 (2), 136-145. [PDF]
  CURHAN, J.R. & OVERBACK, J.R. (2008). Making a positive impression in a negotiation : Gender differences in response to impression motivation. Negotiation & Conflict Management Research, 1 (2), 179-193. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Motivation
 
Sexe (Différences/Habiletés spatiales) : Différences sexuelles, habileté spatiale et orientation spatiale. Sex differences in localization and orientation.
   
SANDSTRÖM, C.I. (1953). Sex differences in localization and orientation. Acta Psychologica, 9, 82-96. BURIN, D.I., DELGADO, A.R. & PRIETO, G. (2000). Solution strategies and gender differences in spatial visualization tasks. Psicológica, 21, 275-286. [PDF]
STAFFORD, R.E. (1961). Sex differences in spatial visualization as evidence of sex-linked inheritance. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 13, 428. SAUCIER, D., BOWMAN, M. & ELIAS, L. (2003). Sex differences in the effect of articulatory or spatial dual task interference during navigation. Brain & Cognition, 53, 346-350. [PDF]
HYDE, J.S., GEIRINGER, E.R. & YEN, W. (1975). On the empirical relation between sex differences in spatial ability and other aspects of cognitive performance. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10, 289-310. JONES C.M., BRAITHWAITE, V.A. & HEALY, S.D. (2003). The evolution of sex differences in spatial ability. Behavioral Neuroscience, 117, 403-411. [PDF]
  PARSONS, T.D., LARSON, P., KRATZ, K., THIEBAUX, M., BLUESTEIN, B., BUCKWALTER, J.G. & RIZZO, A.A. (2004). Sex differences in mental rotation and spatial rotation in a virtual environment. Neuropsychologia, 42, 555-562. [PDF]
CAPLAN, P.J., MacPHERSON, G.M. & TOBIN, P. (1985). Do sex-related differences in spatial abilities exist ? American Psychologist, 40, 786-799. ECUYER-DAB, I. & ROBERT, M. (2004). Have sex differences in spatial ability evolved from male competition for mating and female concern for survival ? Cognition, 91, 221-257.
  LEVINE, S.C., VASILYEVA, M., LOURENCO, S.F., NEWCOMBE, N.S. & HUTTENLOCHER, J. (2005). Socioeconomic status modifies the sex difference in spatial skill. Psychological Science, 16, 841-845.
  TERLECKI, M.S. & NEWCOMBE, N.S. (2005). How important is the digital divide ? The relation of computer and videogame usage to gender differences in mental rotation ability. Sex Roles, 53, 433-441.
LINN, M.C. & PETERSEN, A.C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability : A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56, 1479-1498. CHERNEY, I.D. & COLLAER, M.L. (2005). Sex differences in line judgment : Relationship to mental rotation, academic preparation and strategy use. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 100, 615-627.
JOHNSON, E.S. & MEADE, A.C. (1987). Developmental patterns of spatial ability : An early sex difference. Child Development, 58, 725-740. RAABE, S. HÖGER, R. DELIUS, J.D. (2006). Sex differences in mental rotation strategy. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 103 (3), 917-930. [PDF]
GOLDSTEIN, D.G., HALDANE, D. & MITCHELL, C. (1990). Sex differences in visual-spatial ability : The role of performance factors. Memory & Cognition, 18, 546-550. BUTLER, T., IMPERATO-MCGINLEY, J., PAN, H., VOYER, D., CORDERO, J. ZHU, Y.-S., STERN, E. & SILBERWEIG, D. (2006). Sex differences in mental rotation : Top-down versus bottom-up processing. NeuroImage, 32, 445-456. [PDF]
  KAUFMAN, S.B. (2007). Sex differences in mental rotation and spatial visualization ability: Can they be accounted for by differences in working memory capacity ? Intelligence, 35, 211-223.[PDF]
  FENG, J., SPENCE, I. & PRATT, J. (2007). Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition. Psychological Science, 18 (10), 850-855. [PDF]
GAULIN, S.J.C., FITZGERALD, R.W. & WARTELL, M.S. (1990). Sex differences in spatial ability and activity in two vole species. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, 88-93. CHERNEY, I.D., BRABEC, C. & RUNCO, D.V. (2008). Mapping out spatial ability : Sex differences in way-finding navigation. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 107, 747-760.
  ALEXANDER, G.M. & EVARDONE, M. (2008). Blocks and bodies : Sex differences in a novel version of the mental rotations test. Hormones & Behavior, 53 (1), 177-184. [PDF]
SILVERMAN, I. & EALS, M. (1992). Sex differences in spatial abilities : evolutionary theory and data. In J.H. Barkow, L. Cosmides & J. Tooby (Eds.), The adapted mind : Evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture (pp. 533-553). New York : Oxford University Press. CHERNEY, I.D. (2008). Mom, let me play more computer games : They improve my mental rotation skills. Sex Roles, 59 (11-12), 776-786. [PDF]
  TITZE, C., JANSEN, P. & HEIL, M. (2010). Mental rotation performance in fourth graders : No effects of gender beliefs (yet ?). Learning & Individual Differences, 20, 459-463.
MASTERS, M.S. & SANDERS, B. (1993). Is the gender difference in mental rotation disappearing ? Behavior Genetics, 23, 337-341. CHERNEY, I.D. & RENDELL, J.A. (2010). Sex differences in effects of testing medium and response format on a visuospatial task. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 110 (3), 809-824.
VOYER, S., VOYER, D. & BRYDEN, M.P. (1995). Magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities : A meta-analysis and consideration of critical variables. Psychological Bulletin, 117 (2), 250-270. [PDF] CHERNEY, I.D. & VOYER, D. (2010). Development of a spatial activities questionnaire I : Items identification. Sex Roles, 62, 89-99.
CASEY, M.B. (1996). Do gender differences in spatial skills mediate gender differences in mathematics among high ability students ? Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 19, 247-248. LIPPA, R.A., COLLAER, M.L. & PETERS, M. (2010). Sex differences in mental rotation and line angle judgments are positively associated with gender equality and economic development across 53 nations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 990-997. [PDF]
  VOYER, D. (2011). Time limits and gender differences on paper-and-pencil tests of mental rotation : A meta-analysis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18, 267-277.
KASS, S.J., AHLERS, R.H. & DUGGER, M. (1998). Eliminating gender differences through practice in an applied visual spatial task. Human Performance, 11, 337-349. CASHDAN, E. MARLOWE, F.W., CRITTENDEN, A., PORTER, C. & WOOD, B.M. (2012). Sex differences in spatial cognition among Hadza foragers. Evolution & Human Behavior, 33 (4), 274-284. [PDF]
  REILLY, D. & NEUMANN, D.L. (2013). Gender-role differences in spatial ability : A meta-analytic review. Sex Roles, 68 (9), 521-535. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Habileté spatiale et Orientation spatiale
Sexe (Différences/Personnalité) : Différences sexuelles et personnalité. Sex differences in personality.
   
FEINGOLD, A. (1994). Gender differences in personality : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 429-456. [PDF]
BUDAEV, S.V. (1999). Sex differences in the Big Five personality factors : Testing an evolutionary hypothesis. Personality & Individual Differences, 26, 801-813. [PDF]
COSTA, P.T., TERRACCIANO, A. & McCRAE, R.R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures : Robust and surprising findings Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 81 (2), 322-331. [PDF]
FURNHAM A. & TRICKEY, G. (2011). Sex differences in the dark side traits. Personality & Individual Differences, 50, 517-522. [PDF]
WIESBERG, Y.J., DEYOUNG, C.G. & HIRSH, J.B. (2011). Gender differences in personality across the ten aspects of the Big Five. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 1-11. [PDF]
LEHMANN, R., DENISSEN, J.J.A., ALLEMAND, M. & PENKE, L. (2013). Age and gender differences in motivational manifestations of the Big Five from age 16 to 60. Developmental Psychology, 43, (2), 365-383. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Personnalité
Sexe (Différences/Risque) : Différences sexuelles et risque. Sex differences in risk behavior.
   
KARABENICK, S.A. & ADDY, M.M. (1979). Locus of control and sex differences in skill and chance risk-taking conditions. Journal of General Psychology, C, 215-228. POWELL, M. & ANSIC, D. (1997). Gender differences in risk behavior in financial decision-making: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 605-628.
HUDGENS, G. & FATKINS, L. (1985). Sex Differences in Risk Taking: Repeated Sessions on a on a Computer-Simulated Task. The Journal of Psychology, 119 (3), 1970-2206. BYRNES, J.P., MILLER, J.P. & MILLER, D. & SCHAFER, W.D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (3), 367-383.
LEVIN, I., SNYDER, M. & CHAPMAN, D. (1988). The interaction of experiential and situational factors and gender in a simulated risky decision-making task. The Journal of Psychology, 122 (2), 173-181. BARBER, B.M. & ODEAN, T. (2001). Boys will be boys : gender, overconfidence, and common stock investment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116 (1), 261-292. [PDF]
ARCH, E. (1993). Risk taking : A motivational basis for sex differences. Psychological Reports, 73 (1), 3-11. CROSS, C.P., COPPING, L.T. & CAMPBELL, A. (2011). Sex differences in impulsivity : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 97-130.
LUNDEBERG, M.A., FOX, P.W. & PUNCOCHAR, J. (1994). Highly confident but wrong : Gender differences and similarities in confidence judgments. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86 (1), 114-121. EPSTEIN, M., BAILEY, J.A., MANHART, L.E., HILL. K.G. & HAWKINS, J.D. (2014). Sexual risk behavior in young adulthood : Broadening the scope beyond early sexual initiation. Journal of Sexual Resarch, 51 (7), 721-730.
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Prise de risque, Comportement à risque, Décision et Confiance excessive

Sexe (Différences/Salaire) : Différences entre carrière/travail/revenu/salaire. Sex differences at work.
Sexe (Différences/Santé mentale) : Différences sexuelles, dépression selon le genre/sexe et santé mentale. Sex differences in depression, mental disorders.
   
VERBRUGGE, L. (1976). Females and illness : recent trends in sex differences in the United States. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 17, 387-403. PICCINELLI, M. & WILKINSON, G. (2000). Gender differences in depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 486-492. [PDF]
WEISSMAN, M.M. & KLERMAN, G.L. (1977). Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, 98-111. CYRANOWSKI, J.M., FRANK, E., YOUNG, E. & SHEAR, K. (2000). Adolescent onset of the gender difference in lifetime rates of major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 21-27.
CHEVRON, E.S., QUINLAN, D.M. & BLATT, S.J. (1978). Sex roles and gender differences in the experience of depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 680-683. HANKIN, B.L. & ABRAMSON, L.Y. (2001). Development of gender differences in depression : An elaborated cognitive vulnerability-transactional stress theory. Psychological Bulletin, 127 (6), 773-796. [PDF]
STROEBE, M.S. & STROEBE, W. (1983). Who suffers more ? Sex differences in health risks of the widowed. Psychological Bulletin, 93, 279-301. FULLERTON, C.S., URSANO, R.J., EPSTEIN, R.S., CROWLEY, B., VANCE, K., KAO, T., DOUGALL, A. & BAUM, A. (2001). Gender differenced in posttraumatic stress disorder after motor vehicle accidents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1486-1491.
ANGST, J. & DOBLER-MIKOLA, A. (1984). Do the diagnostic criteria determine the sex ratio in depression ? Journal of Affective Disorders, 7, 189-198. HEWITT, P.L., COREN, S. & STEEL, D. G. (2001). Death from anorexia nervosa : Age span and gender differences. Aging & Mental Health, 5, 41-46.
FRANK, E., CARPENTER, L.L. & KUPFER, D.J. (1988). Sex differences in recurrent depression : are there any that are significant ? American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 41-45. KENDLER, K.S., THORNTON, L.M. & PRESCOTT, C.A. (2001). Gender differences in the rates of exposure to stressful life events and sensitivity to their depressogenic effects. American Journal of Psychiatry 158, 587-593.
YOUNG, M.A., FOGG, L.F., SCHEFTNER, W.A., KELLER, M.B. & FAWCETT, J.A. (1990). Sex differences in the lifetime prevalence of depression : does varying the diagnostic criteria reduce the female/male ratio ? Journal of Affective Disorders, 18 (3), 187-192. NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (2001). Gender differences in depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10 (5), 173-176. [PDF]
ALLGOOD-MERTEN, B., LEWINSHON, P.M. & HOPS, H. (1990). Sex differences and adolescent depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 55-63. TAVARES, H., ZIBERMAN, M.L., BEITES, F.J. & GENTIL, V. (2001). Gender differences in gambling progression. Journal of Gambling Studies, 17, 151-160.
NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (1990). Sex differences in depression. Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press. TWENGE, J. & NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (2002). Age, gender, race, socioeconomic status, and birth cohort differences in the Children's Depression Inventory : A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111, 578-588. [PDF]
SEEMAN, M.V. & LANG, M. (1990). The role of estrogens in schizophrenia gender differences. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 16, 185-194. NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (2002). Understanding gender differences in depression. The Economics of Neuroscience, 4, 32-40.
ANDERSON, E. & LEIGH, L. (1991). Coping with employment and family stress : Employment arrangements and gender differences. Sex Roles, 24 (3-4), 223-237. HAYWARD, C. & SANBORN, K. (2002). Puberty and the emergence of gender differences in psychopathology. Journal of Adolescence Health 30, 49-58.
CUTLER, S. & NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (1991). Accounting for sex differences in depression through female victimization : Childhood sexual abuse. Sex Roles, 24, 425-438. BEBBINGTON, P.E., DUNN, R., JENKINS, R. LEWIS, G., BRUGHA, T., FARRELL, M. & MELTZER, H. (2003). The influence of age and sex on the prevalence of depressive conditions : report from the National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity. International Review of Psychiatry, 15 (1/2), 74-83.
HOBFOLL, S.E. (1991). Gender differences in stress reactions : Women filling the gaps. Psychology & Health, 5, 95-109. RUTTER, M., CASPI, A. & MOFFITT, T.E. (2003). Using sex dfferences in psychopathology to study causal mechanisms : Unifying issues and research strategies. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 44 (8), 1092-1115.
KESSLER, R.C., MCGONAGLE, K.A., SWARTZ, M., BLAZER, D.G., NELSON, C.B. (1993). Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey : I. Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence. Journal of Affective Disorders, 29 (2-3), 85-96.   KLOSE, M. & JACOBI, F. (2004). Can gender differences in the prevalence of mental disorders be explained by sociodemographic factors ? Archives Women's Mental Health, 7, 133-148. [PDF]
VOLKMAR, F.R., SZATMARI, P. & SPAROW, S.S. (1993). Sex differences in pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 23 (4), 579-591. GOODWIN, R.D. & GOTLIB, I.H. (2004). Gender differences in depression : the role of personality factors. Psychiatry Research 126, 135-142. [PDF]
NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. & GIRGUS, J.S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression in adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115 (3), 424-443. [PDF] BENNETT, S., FARRINGTON, D.P. & HUESMANN, L.R. (2004). Explaining gender differences in crime and violence : The importance of social cognitive skills. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 10 (3), 263-288.
NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S. (1995). Gender differences in coping with depression across the lifespan. Depression, 3, 81-90. HOWELL, E., MORA, P., HOROWITZ, C. & LEVENTHAL, H. (2005). Racial and ethnic differences in factors associated with early postpartum depressive symptoms. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 105 (6), 1442-1450.
WOLK, S. & WEISSMAN, M. (1995). Women and depression : An update. Review of Psychiatry, 14, 227-259.
VANCE, J.C., BOYLE, F.M., NAJMAN, J.M. & THEARLE, M.J. (1995). Gender differences in parental psychological distress following perinatal death or sudden infant death syndrome. British Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 806-811. ALTEMUS, M. (2006). Sex differences in depression and anxiety disorders : Potential biological determinants. Hormones &  Behaviour, 50, 534-538.
BRESLAU, N., SCHULTZ, L. & PETERSON, E.L. (1995). Sex differences in depression : a role for preexisting anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 58, 1-12. TOLIN, D.F. & FOA, E.B. (2006). Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder : A quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychological Bulletin, 32 (6), 959-992. [PDF]
HANNINEN, V. & ARO, H. (1996). Sex differences in coping and depression among young adults. Social Science & Medicine, 43, 1453-1460. SISTI, H.M., EDGECOMB, C., BECKOFF, S. & DALLA, C. (2007). Neurogenesis and helplessness are mediated by controllability in males but not in females. Biological Psychiatry, 62, 487-495. [PDF]
BEBINGTON, P.E. (1996). The origins of sex differences in depressive disorder : bridging the gap. International Review of Psychiatry, 8, 295-332. ELLENBOGEN, E., DEREVENSKY, J. & GUPTA, R. (2007). Gender differences among adolescents with gambling-related problems. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23 (2), 133-143. [PDF]
DIEHL, M., COYLE, N. & LABOUVIE-VIEF, G. (1996). Age and sex differences in strategies of coping and defense across the lifespan. Psychology & Aging, 11, 127-139. ADDIS, M.E. (2008). Gender and depression in men. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 15, 153-168. [PDF]
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BRESLAU, N., DAVIS, G.C., ANDRESKI, P., PETERSON, E.L. & SCHULTZ, L. (1997). Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 1044-1048. DALLA, C., EDGECOMB, A.S., WHETSTONE & SHORS, T.J. (2008). Females do not express learned helplessness, as do males. Neuropsychopharmacology, 33 (7), 1559-1569. [PDF]
GAUB, M. & CARLSON, C.L. (1997). Gender differences in ADHD : A meta-analysis and critical review. Journal of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1036-1045. SLUTSKE, W.S., BLASZCZYNSKI, A.P. & MARTIN, N.G. (2009). Sex differences in the rates of recovery, treatment-seeking, and natural recovery in pathological gambling : Results from an Australian community-based twin survey. Twin Research & Human Genetics, 12, 425-432.
VEIJOLA, J., PUUKKA, P., LEHTINEN, V., MORING, J., LINDHOLM, T. & VAISANEN, E. (1998). Sex differences in the association between childhood experiences and adult depression. Psychological Medicine, 28, 21-27. SEEMAN, M.V. (2009). Secondary effects of antipsychotics : Women at greater risk than men. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 937-948.
DONNELLY, D. & FRASER, J. (1998). Gender differences in sado-nasochistic preferences among college students. Sex Roles 39 (5/6), 391-407. VAN DE VELDE, S., BRACKE, P. & LEVECQUE, K. (2010). Gender differences in depression in 23 European countries. Cross-national variation in the gender gap in depression. Social Science & Medicine, 71, 305-313.
WEICH, S., SLOGGETT, A. & LEWIS, G. (1998). Social roles and gender difference in the prevalence of common mental disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 4890-4893. PARKER, G. & BROTCHIE, H. (2010). Gender differences in depression. International Review of Psychiatry, 22 (5), 429-436.
BEBBINGTON, P.E. (1998). Sex and depression. Psychological Medicine, 28, 1-8. BANGASSER, D.A., CURTIS, A., REYES, B., BETHEA, T.T., PARASTATIDIS, I., ISCHIROPOULOS, H., VAN BOCKSTAELE, E.J. & VALENTINO, R.J. (2010). Sex differences in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor signaling and trafficking : potential role in female vulnerability to stress-related psychopathology. Molecular Psychiatry, 15 (9), 877-904. [PDF] + [PDF]
DAWSON, D.A. & GRANT, B.F. (1998). Family history of alcoholism and gender : their combined effects on DSM- IV alcohol dependence and major depression. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 59, 97-106. HARKNESS, K.L., SLAVICH, G.M., MONROE, S.M., GOTLIB, I.H. & BAGBY, R.M. (2010). Gender differences in life events prior to onset of major depressive disorder : The moderating effect of age. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119 (4), 791-803. [PDF]
BIFULCO, A., BROWN, G.W., MORAN, P., BALL, C. & CAMPBELL, C. (1998). Predicting depression in women : the role of past and present vulnerability. Psychological Medicine, 28, 39-50. DALLA, C., PITYCHOUTIS, P.M., KOKRAS, N. & PAPADOPOULOU-DAIFOTI, Z. (2010). Sex differences in the neurobiological substrate of depression and in antidepressant response. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology : Invited Review, 106, 226-233.
NOLEN-HOEKSEMA, S., LARSON, J. & GRAYSON, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 77 (5), 1061-1072. [PDF] AUTRY, A.E. & MONTEGGIA, L.M. (2011). Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in depression-related behaviour - Could it explain the higher incidence in females ? European Psychiatric Review, 4 (2), 102-104.
GIJSBERS VAN WILK, C.M., HUISMAN, H.H. & KOLK, A.M. (1999). Gender differences in physical symptoms and illness behavior : a health diary study. Social Science & Medicine, 49, 1061-1074. PORCELLI, S., DRAGO, A., FABBRI, C., GIBIINO, S., CALATI, S. & SERRETTI, A. (2011). Pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response. Journal of Psychiatry Neuroscience, 36 (2), 87-113. [PDF]
BRACKE, P. (1998). Sex differences in the course of depression : evidence from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Belgian population. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, 420-429. GARAIGORDOBIL, M. & MAGANTO, C. (2013). Sexism and eating disorders : gender differences, changes with age, and relations between both constructs. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 18 (3), 183-192. [PDF]

RICHARDSON, S., REICHES, M., SHATTUCK-HEIDORN, H., LABONTE, M.L. & CONSOLI, T. (2015). Opinion : focus on preclinical sex differences will not address women’s and men’s health disparities. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, (44), 13419–13420. [PDF]
WALSTON, F., DAVID, A.S. & CHARLTON, B.G. (1999). Sex differences in the content of persecutory delusions : A reflection of hostile threats in the ancestral environment ? Evolution & Human Behavior, 19, 257-260. DUFOUR, M., BRUNELLE, N., TREMBLAY, J., LECLERC, D, COUSINEA.U, M.M., KHAZAAL, Y., LÉGARÉ, A.-A., ROUSSEAU, M. & BERDICHE, J. (2016). Gender difference in internet use and internet problems among Quebec high school students. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 61 (10) 663-668.
  SALK, R.H. & HYDE, J.S. & ABRAMSON, L.Y. (2017). Gender Differences in depression in representative national samples : Meta-analyses of diagnoses and symptoms. Psychological Bulletin, 143 (8), 783-822. [PDF]
  JOEL, D. & McCARTHY, M.M. (2017). Incorporating sex as a biological variable in neuropsychiatric research : Where are we now and where should we be ? Neuropsychopharmacology, 42, 379-385. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Dépression selon le genre et Santé mentale
Sexe (Différences/Science) : Différences sexuelles et science. Sex differences in scientific productivity.
   
COLE, J.R. & ZUCKERMAN, H. (1987), Marriage, motherhood and Research performance in science. Scientific American, 256 (2), 119-125. LEVIN, S.G. & STEPHAN, P.E. (1998). Gender differences in the rewards to publishing in academe : Science in the 1970s. Sex Roles, 38 (11-12), 1049-1064.
LONG, J.S. (1990). The origins of sex differences in science. Social Forces, 68 (4), 1297–1315. STEINPREIS, R.E., RITZKE, D. & ANDERS, K.A. (1999). The impact of gender on the review of the curricula vitae of job applicants and tenure candidates : a national empirical study. Sex Roles, 41, 509-528.
BIELBY, W. (1991). Sex differences in careers : Is science a special case ? In H. Zuckerman, J. Cole & J. Breuer (Eds.), The outer circle : Women in the scientific community (pp. 171-187). New York : Norton. GANDER, J.P. (1999). Faculty gender effects on academic research and teaching. Research in Higher Education, 40 (2), 171-184.

HAYES, B.C. & TARIQ, V.N. (2000). Gender differences in scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science : a comparative study of four Anglo-American nations. Public Understanding of Science, 9 (4), 433–447.
LONG, J.S. (1992). Measures of sex differences in scientific productivity. Social Forces, 71 (1), 159-178. BROUNS, M. (2000). The gendered nature of assessment procedures on scientific research funding : the dutch case. Higher Education in Europe, 25, 193-199.
DEVINE, F. (1992). Gender segregation in the engineering and science professions : A case of continuity and change. Work, Employment & Society, 6, 557-575. KULIS, S., SICOTTE, D. & COLLINS, S. (2002), More than a pipeline problem : Labor supply constraints and gender stratification across academic science disciplines, Research in Higher Education, 43 (6), 657-691.
ROSSITER, M.W. (1993). The Matthew Matilda effect in science. Social Studies of Science, 23 (2), 325-341. PRPIC, K. (2002). Gender and productivity differentials in science. Scientometrics, 55 (1), 27-58.
SONNERT, G. & HOLTON, G. (1995). Gender differences in science careers : The project access study. New Brunswick, NJ : Rutgers University Press. EVANS, E.M., SCHWEINGRUBER, H. & STEVENSON, H.W. (2002). Gender differences in interest and knowledge acquisition : The United States, Taiwan, and Japan. Sex Roles, 47 (3/4), 153-167. [PDF]
KYVIK, S. & TEIGEN, M. (1996), Child care, research collaboration, and gender differences in scientific productivity, Science Technology & Human Values, 21 (1), 54-71. STACK, S. (2004). Gender, children and research productivity. Research in Higher Education, 45 (8), 891-920.
  FOX, M.F. (2005). Gender, family characteristics, and publication productivity among scientists. Social Studies of Science, 35 (1), 131-150.
WHITLEY, B.E. (1997). Gender differences in computer-related attitudes and behavior : A meta-analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 13, 1-22. BUNKER WHITTINGTON, K. & SMITH-DOERR, L. (2005). Gender and commercial science : Women's patenting in the life sciences. Journal of Technology Transfer, 30, 355-370.
BLACK, M.M. & HOLDEN, E.W. (1998), The impact of gender on productivity and satisfaction among medical school psychologists. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 5 (1), 117-131. HOSEK, S.D., COX, A.G., GHOSH-DASTIDAR, B., KOFNER, A., RAMPHAL, N., SCOTT, J. & BERRY, S.H. (2005). Gender differences in major federal external grant programs. Santa Monica, CA : RAND Corporation.
  BARZEBAT, D.A. (2006). Gender differences in research patterns among PhD economists. Journal of Economic Education, 37 (3), 359-375.
  CIKARA, M., RUDMAN, L. & FISKE, S. (2012). Dearth by a thousand cuts ? Accounting for gender differences in top-ranked publication rates in social psychology. Journal of Social Issues, 68, 263-285. [PDF]
   PROKOP, P. & JANCOVICOVÀ, M. (2013). Disgust sensitivity and gender differences : an initial test of the parental investment hypothesis. Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century, 7 (7), 40-48. [PDF]
XIE, Y. & SHAUMAN, K.A. (1998), Sex differences in research productivity : New evidence about an old puzzle. American Sociological Review, 63 (6), 847-870. DESCARRIES, F. (2014). Language is not neutral : The construction of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities. Signs : Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 7 (3), 564-569. [PDF]
  WEBBER, K.L. & CANCHÉ, M.G. (2015). Not equal for all : Gender and race differences in salary for doctoral degree recipients. Research in Higher Education, 56, 645-672. [PDF]

Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Science
Sexe (Différences/Sexualité) : Différences sexuelles, choix du partenaire et sexualité. Gender differences in sexuality.
   
TURNBULL, D. & BROWN, M. (1977). Attitudes towards homosexuality and male and female reactions to homosexual and heterosexual slides. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 9, 68-80. CHIVERS, M.L. & BAILEY, J.M. (2005). A sex difference in features that elicit genital response. Biological Psychology, 70, 115-120.
TOWNSEND, J.M. (1987). Sex differences in sexuality among medical students : Effects of increasing socioeconomic status. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16, 425-444. CHIVERS, M.L. (2005). Leading comment : A brief review and discussion of sex differences in the specificity of sexual arousal. Sexual and Relationship Therapy, 4, 377-390. [PDF]
  VIGIL, J.M., GEARY, D.C. & BYRD-CRAVEN, J. (2006). Tradeoffs in low income women's mate-preferences : Within-sex differences in reproductive strategy. Human Nature, 17, 319-336.
SHOTLAND, R.L. & CRAIG, J.M. (1988). Can men and women differentiate between friendly and sexually interested behavior ? Social Psychology Quarterly, 51 (1), 66-73. [PDF] WOOD, R.E. & EAGLY, A.H. (2007). An evolutionary biosocial theory of human mating. In S. Gangestad & J.A. Simpson (Eds.), The evolution of mind : Fundamental questions and controversies (pp. 383-390). New York : Guilford. [PDF]
OLIVER, M.B. & HYDE, J.S. (1993). Gender differences in sexuality : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114 (1), 29-51. [PDF] TODOSIJEVIIC, B., LJUBINKOVIC, S. & ARANCIC, A. (2007). Mate selection criteria : A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences in Serbia. Evolutionary Psychology, 1, 116-126. [PDF]
BLUM, D. (1998). Sex on the brain : The biological differences between men and women. New York : Penguin USA. EASTWICK, P.W. & FINKEL, E.J. (2008). Sex differences in mate preferences revisited : Do people know what they initially desire in a romantic partner ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 94 (2), 245-264. [PDF]
ALEXANDER, M.G. & FISHER, T.D. (2003). Truth and consequences : using the bogus pipeline to examine sex differences in self-reported sexuality. The Journal of Sex Research, 40 (1), 27-35. [PDF] PETERSEN, J.L. & HYDE J.S. (2010). A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality, 1993-2007. Psychological Bulletin, 136 (1), 21-38. [PDF]
CHIVERS, M.L. RIEGER, G., LATY, E. & BAILEY, J.M. (2004). A sex difference in the specificity of sexual arousal. Psychological Science, 15, 736-744. ROMITO, P. & BELTRAMINI, L. (2011). Watching Pornography : Gender differences, violence and victimization. An exploratory study in Italy. Violence Against Women, 17 (10), 1313-1326.
  WEBBER, K.L. & CANCHÉ, M.G. (2015). Not equal for all : Gender and race differences in salary for doctoral degree recipients. Research in Higher Education, 56, 645-672. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Choix du partenaire et Sexualité
 
Sexe (Différences/Sports) : Différences sexuelles et sport. Sex differences in human motor.
   
THOMAS, J.R. & FRENCH, K.E. (1985). Gender differences across age in motor performance : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 260-282. NORTON, P.J., BURNS, J.A., HOPE, D.A. & BAUEUR, B.K. (2000). Generalization of social anxiety to sporting and athletic situations : Gender, sports involvement, and parental pressure. Depression & Anxiety, 12, 193-202.
EATON, W.O. & ENNS, L.R. (1986). Sex differences in human motor activity level. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 19-28.  
MESSNER, M. (1988). Sports and male domination : The female athlete as contested ideological terrain. Sociology of Sport Journal, 5, 197-211. JAMES, J.D. & RIDINGER, L.L. (2002). Female and male sports fans : a comparison of motives. Journal of Sport Behavior, 25, 260-278.
TARNOPOLSKY, L.J., MacDOUGALL, J.D., ATKINSON, S.A., TARNOPOLSKY, M.A. & SUTTON, J.R. (1990). Gender differences in substrate for endurance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 68, 302-338. PRICE, M. & PARKER, A. (2003). Sport, sexuality and the gender order : Amateur rugby union, gay men, and social exclusion. Sociology of Sport Journal, 20 (2), 108-126. [PDF]
ECCLES, J.S. & HAROLD, R.D. (1991). Gender differences in sport involvement : Applying the Eccles' expectancy-value model. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 3, 7-35. [PDF] TARNOPOLSKY, M.A. (2008). Sex differences in exercise metabolism and the role of 17-beta estradiol. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40, 648-654.
CARRETTA, T.R. & REE, M.J. (1995). Negligible sex differences in the relation of cognitive and psychomotor abilities. Personality & Individual Differences, 22 (2), 165-172. CHALABAEV, A., SARRAZIN, P., FONTAYNE, P., BOICHÉ, J. & CLÉMENT-GUILLOTIN, C. (2013). The influence of sex stereotypes and gender roles on participation and performance in sport and exercise : Review and future directions. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 14 (2), 136-144. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles, Habileté motrice et Sport
 
Sexe (Différences/Stress) : Différences sexuelles et stress. Sex differences in stress.
   
NEZU, A.M., NEZU, C.M. & PETERSON, M.A. (1986). Negative life stress, social support, and depressive symptoms : Sex roles as a moderator variable. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 1, 599-609. SHORS, T.J. (2002). Opposite effects of stressful experience on memory formation in males versus females. Dialogues in Clinical NeuroSciences, 4 (2), 139-147. [PDF]

  MITSHUSHIMA, D., MASUDA, J. &  KIMURA, F. (2003). Sex differences in the stress-induced release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus and corticosterone from the adrenal cortex in rats. Neuroendocrinology 78, 234-240.
ANDERSON, E. & LEIGH, L. (1991). Coping with employment and family stress : Employment arrangements and gender differences. Sex Roles, 24 (3-4), 223-237. MATUD, M.P. (2004). Gender differences in stress and coping styles. Personality & Individual differences, 37 (7), 1401-1415.

ALTEMUS, M. (2006). Sex differences in depression and anxiety disorders : Potential biological determinants. Hormones & Behavior, 50, 534-538.
WALLBOTT, H.G. & SCHERER, K.S. (1991). Stress specificities : Differential effects of coping style, gender, and type of stressor on autonomic arousal, facial expression, and subjective feeling. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 61 (1), 147-156. [PDF] GENTRY, L.A., CHUNG, J.J., AUNG, N., KELLER, S., HEINRICH, K.M. & MADDOCK, J.E. (2007). Gender differences in stress and coping among adults living in Hawaï. Californian Journal of Health Promotion, 5 (2), 89-102. [PDF]
MARSH, H.W. & JOHNSON, S. (1994). Physical activity : Relations to field and technical indicators of physical fitness of boys and girls aged 9-15. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16, 83-101. DEDOVIC, K., ENGERT, V., PRUESSNER, J.C. & WADIWALLA, M. (2009). The role of sex and gender socialization in stress reactivity. Developmental Psychology, 45 (1), 45-55. [PDF]

REICH, C.G., TAYLOR, M.E. & McCARTHY, M.M. (2009). Differential effects of chronic unpredictable stress on hippocampal CB1 receptors in male and female rats. Behavioural Brain Researches, 203, 264-269.

LIN, Y., TER HORST, G.J., WICHMANN, R., BAKKER, P., LIU, A., LI, X. & WESTENBROECK, C. (2009). Sex differences in the effects of acute and chronic stress and recovery after long-term stress on stress-related brain regions of rats. Cerebral Cortex 19, 1978-1989.
  VIGIL, J.M., GEARY, D.C., GRANGER, D.A. & FLINN, M V. (2010). Sex differences in salivary cortisol, alpha-amylase, and psychological functioning following Hurricane Katrina. Child Development, 81 (4), 1228-1240. [PDF]
SHORS, T.J. (1998). Sex and stress effects on learning and memory : For better or for worse. The Neuroscientist 4, 353-364. VALENTINO, R.J., REYES, B., VAN BOCKSTAELE, E. & BANGASSER, D.A. (2012). Molecular and cellular sex differences at the intersection of stress and arousal. Neuropharmacology, 62, 13-20. [PDF]
ALMEIDA, D.M. & KESSLER, R.C. (1998). Everyday stressors and gender differences in daily distress. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75 (3), 670-680. BANGASSER, D.A. (2013). Sex differences in stress-related receptors : "Micro" differences with "macro" implications for mood and anxiety disorders. Biology of Sex Differences, 4, 2-15. [PDF]
  AANESEN, F., MELAND, E. & TORP, S. (2017). Gender differences in subjective health complaints in adolescence : The roles of self-esteem, stress from schoolwork and body dissatisfaction. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45 (4), 1-8.
 
Voir aussi Différences sexuelles et Stress
Sexe (Différences/Tâches domestiques ) : Sex differences in housework.
   
VANDELAC, L. (Dir.) (1985). Du travail et de l'amour. Les dessous de la production domestique. Montréal : Éditions Saint-Martin.  
BARNETT, R.C. & BARUCH, G.K. (1987). Determinants of fathers' participation in family work. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 49, 29-40. GEIST, C. (2005). The welfare state and the home : regime differences in the domestic division of labour. European Sociological Review, 21, 23-41.
MOSS, P., FOXMAN, R. & OWEN, C. (1987). The division of household work during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology, 5 (2), 71-86.  
COLTRANE, S. (1990). Birth timing and the division of labor in dual-earner families. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 157-181.  
MERCIER, L. (1990). Le quotidien et le partage des tâches. dans D. Lemieux (Dir.), Familles d'aujourd'hui (p. 143-155). Québec : Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture.  
BIERNAT, M. & WORTMAN, C.B. (1991). Sharing of home responsibilities between professionally employed women and their husbands. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60, 844-860.  
BAXTER, J. (1992). Power attitudes and time : the domestic division of labour. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 23, 165-182. BREEN, R. & COOKE, L.P. (2005). The persistence of the gendered division of domestic labour. European Sociological Review, 21 (1), 43-57
ALWIN, D.F., BRAUN, M. & SCOTT, J. (1992). The separation of work and the family : attitudes towards women's labour- force participation in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. European Sociological Review, 8, 13-37. CUNNINGHAM, M. (2005). Gender in cohabitation and marriage : the influence of gender ideology on housework allocation over the life course. Journal of Family Issues, 26,1037-1061.
PRESSER, H.B. (1994). Employment schedules among dual-earner spouses and the division of household labor by gender. American Sociological Review, 59, 348-364. BAXTER, J. (2005). To marry or not to marry : marital status and the household division of labor. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 300-321.
GLASS, J. & FUJIMOTO, T. (1994). Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 35, 179-191.  
BRINES, J. (1994). Economic dependency, gender, and the division of labor at home. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 652-688. FUWA, M. & COHEN, P.N. (2006). Housework and social policy. Social Science Research, 36, 512-530.
HERSCH, J. & STRATTON, L.S. (1997). Housework, fixed effects, and wages of married workers. Journal of Human Resources, 32 (2), 285-307. COOKE, L.P. (2006). Doing gender in context : household bargaining and risk of divorce in Germany and the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 112, 442-472.
GUPTA, S. (1999). The effects of transitions in marital status on men's performance of housework. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 61, 700-711. COOKE, L.P. (2006). Policy, preferences, and patriarchy: the division of domestic labor in East Germany, West Germany, and the United States. Social Politics : International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 13, 117-143.
BIRD, CE. (1999). Gender, household labor, and psychological distress : The impact of the amount and division of housework. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 40, 32-45.  
PRESSER, H.B. (2000). Nonstandard work schedules and marital instability. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 62, 93-110. HANK, K. & JURGES, H. (2007). Gender and the division of household labor in older couples : a European perspective. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 399-421.
GREENSTEIN, T.N. (2000). Economic dependance, gender, and the division of labor in the home : A replication and extension. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 62, 322,335.  
STOHS, J.H. (2000). Multicultural women's experience of household labor, conflicts, and equity. Sex Roles, 42, 339-361.  
SULLIVAN,O. (2000). The division of domestic labour : twenty years of change ? Sociology, 34, 437-456.  
BAXTER, J. (2000). The joys and justice of housework. Sociology, 34, 609-631.  
BIANCHI, S.M., MILKIE, M.A., SAYER, L.C. & ROBINSON J.P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework ? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces, 79, 191-228. BONKE, J., DEDING, M. LAUSTEN, M. & STRATTON, L.S. (2008). Intrahousehold specialization in housework in the United States and Denmark. Social Science Quarterly, 89 (4), 1023-1043.
LAROCHE, D. (2001). Le partage du temps productif et des tâches domestiques. Institut de la statistique du Québec, Portrait social du Québec. GEIST, C. (2009). One Germany, two worlds of housework ? Examining employed single and partnered women in the decade after unification. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 40 (3), 415-437. [PDF]
DES RIVIÈRES-PIGEON, C., DESCARRIES, F., GOULET, L. et SÉGUIN, L. (2001). Le partage des tâches domestiques et les problèmes dépressifs : une analyse de la situation des nouvelles mères au Québec. Féminin Pluriel, 14 (2), 5-26. [PDF] GEIST, C. (2010). Gendered views of domestic labor : Cross-national variation in men's and women's' reports of housework. in J. Treas & S. Drobnic (Eds.), Dividing the domestic : Women, men and housework in cross-national perspective. Stanford : Stanford University Press.
BLANE, L., BERNEY, L. & MONTGOMERY, S.M. (2001). Domestic labour, paid employment and women's Health : Analysis of Life course data. Social Science & Medicine, 52,959-965.  
STEVENS, D., KIGER, G. & RILEY, P. (2001). Working hard and hardly working : Domestic labor and marital satisfaction among dual-earner couples. Journal of Marriage & Family, 63, 504-526.  
BATALOVA, J.A. & COHEN, P.N. (2002). Premarital cohabitation and housework : Couples in cross-national perspective. Journal of Marriage & Family, 64, 743-755. GEIST, C. & COHEN, P.N. ( 2011). Headed toward equality ? Housework change in comparative perspective. Journal of Marriage & Family, 73, 832-844.
FRISCO, M.L. & WILLIAMS, K. (2003). Perceived housework equity, marital happiness, and divorce in dual-earner households. Journal of Family Issues, 24, 51-73. STRATTON, L.S. (2012). The role of preferences and opportunity costs in determining the time allocated to housework. American Economic Review, 102 (2), 60-611.
FUWA, M. (2004). Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries. American Sociological Review, 69, 751-767. HIRSCH, B. & KONIETZKO, T. (2013). The effect of housework on wages in Germany : No impact at all. Journal for Labour Market Research, 46 (2), 103-118.
COOKE, L.P. (2004). The gendered division of labor and family outcomes in Germany. Journal of Marriage & Family, 66 (5), 1246-1259. BURDA, M., HAMERMESH, D.S. & WEIL, P. (2013). Total work and gender : Facts and possible explanations. Journal of Population Economics, 26 (1), 239-261.
DAVIS, S.N. & GREENSTEIN, T.N. (2004). Cross-national variations in the division of household labor. Journal of Marriage & Family, 66, 1260-1271. STANCANELLI, E.G.F. & STRATTON, L.S. (2014). Maids, appliances, and couples housework : The demand for inputs to domestic production. Economica, 81 [323], 445-467.
KOSKA, A. (2004). Divisions of domestic work : revising and expanding the theoretical explanations. Journal of Family Issues, 25, 900-932. KABATEK, J., VAN SOEST, A. & STANCANELLI, E.G.F. (2014). Income taxation, labour supply and housework : A discrete choice model for French couples. Labour, 27, 30-43.
CUBBINS, L.A. & VANNOY, D. (2004). Division of household labor as a source of contention for married and cohabiting couples in metropolitan Moscow. Journal of Family Issues, 25, 182-215. STRATTON, L.S. (2015). the determinants of housework time boosting the efficiency of household production could have large economic effects. IZA World of Labor, 133, 1-10. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Tâche, Père absent, Satisfaction conjugale et Implication des parents
 
Sexe (Différences/Valeurs) : Différences sexuelles, valeurs et développement moral. Sex differences in the development of moral reasoning.
 
TOBACYK, J.J. (1978). Sex differences in the predictability of self-disclosure for instrumental and terminal values. Psychological Reports, 44, 985-986.
WALKER, L.J. (1984). Sex differences in the development of moral reasoning : A critical review. Child Development, 55, 677-691.
CLOPTON, N.A. & SORELL, G.T. (1993). Gender differences in moral reasoning : Stable or situational ? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 17, 85-101.
SCHWARTZ, S.H. & RUBEL, T. (2005). Sex differences in value priorities : Cross-cultural and multi-method studies. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 89, 1010-1028. [PDF]
SCHWARTZ, S.H. & RUBEL-LIFSCHTZ, T. (2009). Cross-national variation in the size of sex differences in values : Effects of gender equality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 97 (1), 171-185. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différence sexuelle et Valeur
Sexe assigné : Le sexe d'un enfant est généralement constaté à la naissance par un professionnel de la santé (médecin, infirmière, sage-femme) et correspond, sauf rare exception, à son sexe biologique. L'expression «sexe assigné» devrait être réservée aux intersexués dont le sexe ne peut être constaté avec certitude à la naissance. Dans ces cas, aussi très rares, il faut un exemen anatomique et parfois une intervention chirurgicale pour établir hors de tout doute le sexe d'un enfant. Hormis cette exception, on «constate le sexe d'un enfant», puisqu'il n'y a généralement aucun doute. Sexe assigné, intersexués et réattribution du sexe.
 
JEAN, R. (2021). Les chimères et les dérives de l'idéologie de genre. Dans R. Anotnius et N. Baillargeon (Dirs.), Identité, «race», liberté d'expression (p. 333-352). Québec : Presses de l'Université de Laval.
SIROIS, M. (2021). Sexe et genre : De la falsification de la réalité par les activistes à l'insouciance des bien-pensants. Dans R. Antonius et N. Baillargeon (Dirs.), Identité, «race», liberté d'expression. (p. 353-373). Québec : Presses de l'Université de Laval.
Voir aussi Détermination du sexe
Sexe biologique : Voir sexe et Détermination du sexe. Sex.
Sexisme : Forme de discrimination fondée sur le sexe/genre. Sexisme, mysogynie et effet plafond de verre. Sexism, sex discrimination.
 
Sexisme
Évaluation et mesure du sexisme Neuro-sexisme Sexisme latent
Hétéro-sexisme   Sexisme et différences sexuelles
 
   
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Voir aussi Discrimination, Stéréotype et Différences sexuelles
 
Sexisme (Mesures/Évaluations) : Ensemble des critères de diagnostic, des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer le sexisme. Sexism scale.
   
BENSON, P.L. & VINCENT, S. (1980). Development and validation of the Sexist Attitudes Toward Women Scale (SATWS). Psychology of Women Quarterly, 5, 276-291.
GLICK, P. & FISKE, S.T. (1996). The ambivalent sexism inventory : Differentiating hostile and benevolent sexism. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 70, 491-512.
GLICK, P. & FISKE, S.T. (1997). Hostile and benevolent sexism: Measuring ambivalent sexist attitudes toward women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 119–135
YODER, J.D. & McDONALD, T.W. (1997). The generalizability and construct validity of the modern sexism scale : Some cautionary notes. Sex Roles, 36 (9-10), 655-663.
SWIM, J.K. & COHEN, L.L. (1997). Overt, covert, and subtle sexism : A comparison between the Attitude toward Women and Modern Sexism scales. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 17-34.
CAMPBELL, B., SCHELLENBERG, E.G. & SENN, C.Y. (1997). Evaluating measures of contemporary sexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 89-102. [PDF]
MORRISON, M.A., MORRISON, T.G., POPE, G.A. & ZUMBO B.D. (1998). An investigation of measures of modern and old-fashioned sexism. Social Indicators Research, 48, 39-50.
EKEHAMMAR, B., AKRAMI, N. & ARAYA, T. (2000). Development and validation of Swedish classical and modern sexism scales. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 41, 307-314.
Sexisme (Hétéro-) : Conception selon laquelle l'hétérosexualité constitue la norme en matière sexuelle, parce qu'elle est un élément de la nature humaine. Heterosexism..
   
KITZINGER, C. (1990). Heterosexism in psychology. The Psychologist, 391-392. BURN, S.M. (2000). Heterosexuals' use of "fag" and "queer" to deride one another : a contributor to heterosexism and stigma. Journal of Homosexuality, 40 (2), 1-11. [PDF]
HEREK, G.M. (1992). Psychological heterosexism and antigay violence : The social psychology of bigotry and bashing. In G.M. Herek & K.T. Berrill (Eds.), Hate crimes : Confronting violence against lesbians and gay men (pp. 149-169). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage. ROSE, S.M. (2000). Heterosexism and the study of women's romantic and friend relationships. Journal of Social Issues, 56, 315-328. [PDF]
HEREK, G.M. (1994). Heterosexism, hate crimes, and the law. In M. Costanzo, & S. Oskamp (Eds.) Violence and the Law (pp. 89-112). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. HEREK, G.M. & HEREK, G.M. (2002). Psychological heterosexism and anti-gay violence : The social psychology of bigotry and bashing. In M. Kimmel & M.A. Messner (Eds.), Men's lives (pp. 254-256). Boston, MA : Allyn & Bacon.
SCHREIER, B.A. (1995). Moving beyond tolerance : A new paradigm for programming about homophobia/biphobia and heterosexism. Journal of College Student Development, 36 (1), 19-26. SZYMANSKI, D.M. & CARR, E.R. (2008). The roles of gender role conflict and internalized heterosexism in gay and bisexual men’s psychological distress : Testing two mediation models. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 9, 40-54.
SIMONI, J.M. (1996). Confronting heterosexism in the teaching of psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 23 (4), 220-226. KASHUBECK-WEST, S & SZYMANSKI, D.M. (2008). Risky sexual behavior in gay and bisexual men : Internalized heterosexism, sensation seeking, and substance use. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 595-614.
CAIN, R. (1996). Heterosexism and self-disclosure in the social work classroom. Journal of Social Work Education, 32 (1), 65-76. SZYMANSKI, D.M., KASHUBECK-WEST, S. & MEYER, J. (2008). Internalized heterosexism : Measurement, psychosocial correlates, and research directions. (Major Contribution). The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 525-574.
HEREK, G.M. (1996). Heterosexism and homophobia. In R.P. Cabaj & T.S. Stein (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and mental health (pp. 101-113). Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press. SZYMANSKI, D.M. & MEYER, J. (2008). Racism and heterosexism as correlates of psychological distress in African American sexual minority women. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 2 (2), 94-108.
LONG, J.K. (1996). Working with lesbians, gays, and bisexuals: Addressing heterosexism. in supervision. Family Process, 35, 377-388. SZYMANSKI, D.M. & KASHUBECK-WEST, S. (2008). Rejoinder and an update : Recent advances in correlates of internalized heterosexism. The Counseling Psychologist, 36, 654-659.
CHERNIN, J., HOLDEN, J.M. & CHANDLER, C. (1997). Bias in psychological assessment : Heterosexism. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 30, 68-76. SZYMANSKI, D.M. & OWENS, G. P. (2009). Group-level coping as a moderator between heterosexism and sexism and psychological distress in sexual minority women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 197-205.
  SZYMANSKI, D.M. & BALSAM, K.F. (2011). Insidious trauma : Examining the relationship between heterosexist events and lesbians' post-traumatic stress. Traumatology, 17 (2), 4-13.
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  SZYMANSKI, D.M. & HILTON, A.N. (2013). Fear of intimacy as a mediator in the internalized heterosexism-relationship quality link among men in same sex relationships. Contemporary Family Therapy, 35, 760-772.

Voir aussi Hétérosexualité
Sexisme (Neuro-) : Sexisme engendré par certaines idées fausses et études baclées en neuroscience et en neurocognition. Neurosexism.
   
FINE, C. (2008). Will working mothers' brains explode ? The popular new genre of neurosexism. Neuroethics, 1 (1), 69-72.
FINE, C. (2010). Delusions of gender : How our minds, society, and neurosexism create difference. New York, NY : W.W. Norton.
FINE, C. (2013). Neurosexism in functional neuroimaging : From scanner to pseudo-science to psyche. In M. Ryan & N. Branscombe (Eds.), The Sage handbook of gender and psychology. Thousand Oaks : Sage.
Sexisme latent : Sexisme volontairement dissimulé ou non apparent. Sexime latent et désirabilité sociale. = sexisme privé. Covert sexism.
   
LEAPER, C. & VAN, S. (2008). Masculinity ideology, covert sexism, and perceived gender typicality in relation to young men’s academic motivation and choices in college. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 9, 139-153.
Sexologie : Sexologue : Science au carrefour de la psychologie, de la biologie, de la sociologie et de l'anthropologie. L'objet d'étude de la sexologie est la sexualité humaine et animale et les nombreux facteurs qui influencent ce phénomène. ( ): Blanchard, Duquet, Ellis, Freud, Freund, Johnson, Gräfenberg, Green, Hite, Kaplan, Krafft-Ebing, Kinsey, Lévy, Lopicollo, Marañón, Masters, Miletsky, Money, Moser, Otis, Richard-Bessette, Vansteenwegen. Sexology, science of sexuality.
   
RAULIN, J. (1758). Traité des affections vaporeuses du sexe. Paris : Herissant JT. Lib.
FREUD, S. (1925). Quelques conséquences psychiques de la différence anatomique entre les sexes/La vie sexuelle. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
MONEY, J. (1985). Gender : History, theory and usage of the term in sexology and its relationship to nature/nurture. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 11, 71–79.
HURTIG, M.C. & PICHEVIN, M.F. (Eds.) (1986). La différence des sexes. Paris : Tierce.
GREEN, R. (1992). Sexual science and the law. Harvard University Press.
MONEY, J. (1994). Principles of developmental sexology. New York : Continuum.
SCHWARTZ, P. (1995). The science of sexuality still needs social science. The Scientist, 9 (3), 1-12.
Sexologies: Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la sexualité. Éditeur : Elsevier/Masson.
 
 
DELCEA, C., CHIRILÂ, V.-I. & SÂUCHA, A.-M. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on sexual life — a meta-analysis. Sexologies, 30, e49-e54. [PDF]
 
Sexual & Relationship Therapy : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la sexualité. Éditeur : Taylor & Francis.
 
BANBURY, S., LUSHER, J., SNUGGS,S. & CHANDLER, C. (2023). Mindfulness-based therapies for men and women with sexual dysfunction : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexual & Relationship TherapY, 38 (4), 534-555.
 
Sexualisation : Ensemble des transformations biologiques et des apprentissages propres à son genre/sexe, en vertu des modèles et des normes en vigueur dans une société (rôles sexuels). La sexualisation des comportements se fait par apprentissage différenciel (agir comme une fille, pas comme un gars, et vice-versa). Elle englobe aussi bien les comportements moteurs et sociaux, que les comportements sexuels, y compris la séduction, les relations sexuelles et la reproduction. Sexualisation, sexualité et hypersexualisation. Sexualization, sexual socialization.
   
LYTTON, H. & ROMNEY, D.M. (1991). Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 267-296.
WARD, L.M. (2003). Understanding the role of entertainment media in the sexual socialization of American youth : A review of empirical research. Developmental Review, 23, 347-388.
COOK, D.T. & KAISER, S.B. (2004). Betwixt and between age ambiguity and the sexualization of the female consuming subject. Journal of Consumer Culture, 4 (2), 203-227. [PDF]
COY, M. (2009). Children, childhood and sexualised popular culture. In J. Wild (Ed.), Exploiting childhood : how fast food, material obsession and porn culture are creating new forms of child abuse. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. [PDF]
ZURBRIGGEN, E.L. & ROBERTS, T.-A. (2013). Fighting sexualization: What parents, teachers, communities, and young people can do. In E. L. Zurbriggen & T.-A. Roberts (Eds.), The sexualization of girls and girlhood : Causes, consequences, and resistance (pp. 302-312). New York : Oxford University Press.
PURCELL, N.J. & ZURBRIGGEN, E.L. (2013). The sexualization of girls and gendered violence: Mapping the connections. In E. L. Zurbriggen & T.-A. Roberts (Eds.), The sexualization of girls and girlhood: Causes, consequences, and resistance (pp. 149-165). New York : Oxford University Press.
ZURBRIGGEN, E.L. & ROBERTS, T.-A. (2013). The sexualization of girls and girlhood : Causes, consequences, and resistance. New York : Oxford University Press.
Sexualisation/Sexualité (Hyper) : Selon Richard-Bessette, ensemble des comportements et des stratégies axées sur le corps et dont le but est de séduire à tout prix. L'hypersexualisation du corps se manifeste par une tenue vestimentaire qui met en évidence des parties du corps (décolleté, chandail-bedaine ou moulant, pantalon taille basse, etc.); des accessoires et des produits qui accentuent de façon importante certains traits et cachent "les défauts" (maquillage, bijoux, talons hauts, ongles en acrylique, coloration des cheveux, soutien-gorge à bonnets rembourrés, etc.); des transformations du corps qui ont pour but de mettre en évidence certaines caractéristiques ou signaux sexuels (épilation des poils du corps et des organes génitaux, musculation importante des bras et des fesses, etc.); des interventions chirurgicales qui transforment le corps en "objet artificiel" : seins en silicone, lèvres gonflées au collagène; front en botox, postures exagérées du corps qui envoient le signal d'une totale disponibilité sexuelle : bomber les seins, ouvrir la bouche, se déhancher, etc. des comportements sexuels axés sur la génitalité et le plaisir sexuel de l'autre. Hypersexualisation, sexualisation et rôles sexuel. = précocité sexuelle, sexualisation précoce. *trouble hypersexuel. Eroticization of little girl, sexualization of girls.
   
WALKERDINE, V. (1998). Popular culture and the eroticization of little girls. In H. Jenkins (Ed.), The children's culture reader (pp. 254-64). New York : New York University Press. POIRIER L. & GARON J. (2009). Hypersexualisation ? Guide pratique d'information et d'action. Québec : Calacs.
BOUCHARD, P. (2004). De nouveaux freins à l'émancipation des filles au Québec et ailleurs. Sisyphe, [LIRE] DUQUET, F. (2009). Perceptions et pratiques de jeunes du secondaire face à l'hypersexualisation et à la sexualisation précoce. Rapport de recherche. [PDF]
COOK, D.T. & KAISER, S.B. (2004). Betwixt and between age ambiguity and the sexualization of the female consuming subject. Journal of Consumer Culture, 4 (2), 203-227. [PDF] POULIN, R. (2009). Sexualisation précoce et pornographie. Paris : La Dispute.
COMITÉ AVISEUR SUR LES CONDITIONS DE VIE DES FEMMES AUPRÈS DE L'AGENCE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DE RÉSEAUX LOCAUX DE SERVICES DE SANTÉ ET DE SERVICES SOCIAUX DU BAS-SAINT-LAURENT (2005). Avis sur la sexualisation précoce des filles et ses impacts sur leur sante. [PDF] POIRIER, L. et GARON, J. (2009). Hypersexualisation ? Guide pratique d'information et d'action. Québec : Éditions L'Avantage. [PDF]
BOUCHARD, P., BOUCHARD, N. & BOILY, I. (2005). La sexualisation précoce des filles. Montréal : Les Éditions Sisyphe. BLAIS, M., RAYMOND, S., MANSEAU, H. et OTIS, J. (2009). La sexualité des jeunes Québécois et Canadiens. Regard critique sur le concept d'hypersexualisation. Globe : Revue Internationale d'Études Québécoises, 12 (2), 23-46. [PDF]
  DOWNS, E. & SMITH, S.L. (2010). Keeping abreast of hypersexuality : A video game character content analysis. Sex Roles, 62, 721–733.
DUQUET, F. (2006). L'hypersexualisation des jeunes. Reflet : Journal de l'Association des Retraités du Public et du Parapublic, 22 (4), 12. JULIEN, M. (2010). La mode hypersexualisée. Montréal : Les Éditions Sisyphe.
POULIN, R. & LAPRADE, A. (2006), Hypersexualisation, érotisation et pornographie chez les jeunes. Montréal : Éditions Sisyphe. HATCH, L. (2011). The American Psychological Association Task Force on the sexualization of girls : A review, update and commentary. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 18 (4), 195-211. [PDF]
JULIEN, M. (2007). La mode hypersexy mise à nu. Médiane, 2 (1), 27-32. LIOTARD, P. et JAMAIN-SAMSON, S. (2011). La "Lolita" et la "sex bomb", figures de socialisation des jeunes filles. L'hypersexualisation en question. Sociologie et Sociétés, 43 (1), 45-71. [PDF]
APA TASK FORCE ON THE SEXUALIZATION OF GIRLS (2007). Report of the APA Task Force on the sexualization of girls. American Psychological Association. [PDF] JOUANNO, C. (2012). Contre l'hypersexualisation, un nouveau combat pour l'égalité : Rapport sénatorial. France. [PDF]
DOUTREPONT, E. (2008). Hypersexualisation et construction identitaire. Bruxelles : Service Etudes du Secrétariat national des FPS. DUSCHINSKY, R. (2013). The emergence of sexualization as a social problem : 1981-2010. Social Politics, 20 (1), 137-156.
POULIN, R. et CLAUDE, M. (2008). Pornographie et hypersexualisation. Enfances dévastées. Ottawa : L'Interligne. DUQUET, F. (2013). L'hypersexualisation sociale et les jeunes. L'Essentiel Cerveau et Psycho, 15, 38-45. [PDF]
  DUQUET, F., GAGNON, G. et FAUCHER, M. (2014). Oser être soi-même : Outils didactiques en éducation à la sexualité pour contrer l'hypersexualisation et la et la sexualisation précoce auprès des jeunes. Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal.

RICHARD-BESSETTE, S. (2006). Lexique sur les différences sexuelles, le féminisme et la sexualité. Montréal : Collège André-Laurendeau.
Sexualité : Ensemble des comportements et des valeurs qui conditionne la reproduction d'une espèce, l'obtention d'un plaisir génital (selon le sexe) et sur le plan individuelle, l'identité de genre et l'orienation sexuelle. Sexualité, satisfaction sexuelle et différence sexuelle. Sex, sexual response, sexual behavior.
 
Sexualité
Asexualité Homosexualité Intersexualité
Bisexualité Hypersexualité/Sexualité précoce  
Hérérosexualité
 
 
   
KRAFFT-EBING, R.F. (1886/32). Psychopathia sexualis. Physicians and Surgeons Book Company. ZILBERGELD, B. (1992). The new male sexuality. New York : Bantam Books.
ELLIS, H. (1897). Studies in the psychology of sex. APT, M. & HURLBERT, D. (1992). Motherhood and female sexuality beyond one year postpartum : A study of military wives. Journal of Sex Education & Therapy, 18, 104-114.
FREUD, S. (1905/70). Trois essais sur la théorie sexuelle. Paris : Gallimard. LOPICOLLO, J. (1992). Postmodern sex therapy for erectile failure. In R.C. Rosen & S.R. Leiblum (Eds.), Erectile disorders : Assessment and treatment (pp. 171-197). New York : Guilford Press.
ELLIS, H. (1918). The erotic rights of women. BOZON, M. & LERIDON, H. (Dirs.) (1993). : Sexualité et sciences sociales. Population, 48, 1174-1550.
KINSEY, A.C., POMEROY, W.B. & MARTIN, C.E. (1948). Sexual behavior in the human male. Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders Co. THORNHILL, R. & GANGESTAD, S.W. (1996). The evolution of human sexuality. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 11, 98-102.
KINSEY, A.C., MARTIN, C.E., GEBHARD, P. & POMEROY, W.B. (1953). Sexual behavior in the human female. Philadelphia : Saunders. BARNES, D. & ROCHE, B. (1997). Relational frame theory and the experimental analysis of human sexuality. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 6, 117-135. [PDF]
MEAD, M. (1955/69). Moeurs et sexualité en Amazonie. Paris : Plon. COOPER, A. (1998). Sexuality and the internet : Surfing into the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1, 181-187.
ELLIS, A. (1958). Sex without guilt. New York : Lyle Stuart. COURTOIS, R. (1998). Conceptions et définitions de la sexualité : les différentes approches. Annales Médico-Psychologiques : Revue Psychiatrique, 156, 613-620. [PDF]
MASTERS, W.H. & JOHNSON, V.E. (1966). Human sexual response. Boston : Little Brown. COOPER, A., BOIES, S., MAHEU, M. & GREENFIELD, D. (2000). Sexuality and the Internet : The next sexual revolution. In L.T. Szuchman & F. Muscarella (Eds.), Psychological perspectives on human sexuality (pp. 519-545). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley.

BLACKLESS, M., CHARUVASTRA, A., DERRYCK, A., FAUSTO-STERLING, A., LAUZANNE, K. & LEE, E. (2000). How sexually dimorphic are we ? Review and synthesis. American Journal of Human Biology, 12, 151-166.
MAYNARD SMITH J. (1968). Evolution in sexual and asexual populations. American Naturalist, 102, 469-473. GRUBER, E. & GRUBER, J.W. (2000). Adolescent sexuality and the media a review of current knowledge and implications. The Western Journal of Medicine, 172 (3), 210-214. [PDF]
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1971). What use is sex ? Journal of Theoretical Biology, 30, 319-35. DELAMATER, J. & FREIDRICH, R. (2002). Human sexual development. Journal of Sex Research, 39, 10-14. [PDF]
MONEY, J. & EHRHARDT, A. (1972). Man and woman, boy and girl. Baltimore : John Hopkins University Press. HUPPERT, J.D. & ROTH, D.A. (2003). Treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with exposure and response prevention. The Behavior Analyst Today, 4 (1), 66-67. [PDF]
KAPLAN, H.S. (1974). The new sex therapy : Active treatment of sexual dysfunction. New York : Brunner/Mazel. BUSHMAN, B.J. (2005). Violence and sex in television programs do not sell products in advertisements. Psychological Science, 16, 702-708. [PDF]
DELAMATER, J.D. (1974). Methodological issues in the study of premarital sexuality. Sociological Methods & Research, 3, 30-61. LODÉ, T. (2006). La guerre des sexes chez les animaux, une histoire naturelle de la sexualité. Paris : Odile Jacob.
SYMONS, D. (1979). The evolution of human sexuality. New York : Oxford University Press.  CHANDRA, A., MARTINO, S.C., COLLINS, R.L., ELLIOT, M.N., BERRY, S.H., KANOUSE, D.E. & MIU, A. (2008). Does watching sex on television predict teen pregnancy ? Findings from a national longitudinal survey of youth. Pediatrics, 122 (5), 1047-1054. [PDF]
CONTÉ, C. & SAFOUAN, M. (1985). Sexualité - sexualité et psychanalyse. In Encyclopaedia Universalis (p. 16). PLAMONDON, G., DESAULNIERS, A. et ROY, N. (2008). Le sexe dans les médias : obstacle aux rapports égalitaires. QUébec : Conseil du Statut de la Femme. [PDF]
LAROCHE, J.L. (1985). Sexualité - perspective phylogénétique. Dans Encyclopaedia Universalis (p. 16). PETERSEN, J.L. & HYDE J.S. (2010). A meta-analytic review of research on gender differences in sexuality, 1993-2007. Psychological Bulletin, 136 (1), 21-38. [PDF]
PERSON, E.S. (1986). Male sexuality and power. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 6 (1), 3-25.  
MUEHLENHARD, C.L. & HOLLABAUGH, L.C. (1988). Do women sometimes say no when they mean yes ? The prevalence and correlates of woomen's token resistance to sex. Journal of Personality & Social Psychololgy, 54 (5), 872-879. YUSKEL, B. & OZGOR, F. (2020). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 150 (1), 98-102. [PDF]
MONEY, J. (1988). Gay, straight, and in-between : The sexology of erotic orientation. New York : Oxford University Press.
LIBMAN, E. (1989). Socioculturai and cognitive factors in aging sexual expression : Conceptual and research issues. Canadian Psychology, 30 (3), 560-567. DELCEA, C., CHIRILÂ, V.-I. & SÂUCHA, A.-M. (2021). Effects of COVID-19 on sexual life - a meta-analysis. Sexologies, 30, e49-e54. [PDF]
 
Sexualité (A-) : On doit ce concept à Bogaert. Asexuality.
   
BOGAERT, A.F. (2006). Toward a conceptual understanding of asexuality. Review of General Psychology, 10, 241-250.
PRAUSE, N. & GRAHAM, C.A. (2007). Asexuality : Classification and characterization. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 36, 341-356.
Sexualité (Bi-) : Sexualité et homosexualité. Bisexuality.
   
RADO, S. (1940). A critical examination of the concept of bisexuality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 2, 459-467. PEPLAU, L.A. & SPALDING, L.R. (2000). The close relationships of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. In C. Hendrick & S.S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships : A sourcebook (pp. 111-123). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
STOLLER, R.J. (1973). Faits et hypothèses. Un examen du concept freudien de bisexualité. Nouvelle Revue de Psychanalyse, 7, 135-155. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (2000). Guidelines for psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. American Psychologist, 55, 1440-1451.
ROSS, M.W. (1984). Beyond the biological model : New directions in bisexual and homosexual research. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 63-70. DIAMOND, L.M. (2000). Passionate friendships among lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 10, 191-209.
NICHOLS, M. (1988). Low sexual desire in lesbian couples. In S. Leiblum & R. Rosen (Eds.), Sexual desire disorders (pp. 387-412). New York : Guilford Press. COCHRAN, S.D., SULLIVAN, J.G. & MAYS, V.M. (2003). Prevalence of mental disorders, psychological distress, and mental health service use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States. Journal of Consulting & linical Psychology, 71, 53-61. [PDF]
LEHMANN, J. & BOESCH, C. (2005). Bisexually-bonded ranging in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus). Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 57, 525-535. [PDF] DIAMOND, L.M. (2003). Was it a phase ? Young women's relinquishment of lesbian/bisexual identities over a 5-year period. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84, 352-364. [PDF]
WEISE, E. (1992). Closer to home : bisexuality and feminism. Seattle : Seal Press. MARTELL, C.R., SAFREN, S.A. & PRINCE, S.E. (2004). Cognitive-behavioral therapies with lesbian, gay, and bisexual clients. New York : Guilford.
DIAMOND, M. (1993). Homosexuality and bisexuality in different populations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22 (4), 291-311. DIAMOND, L.M. (2005). "I'm straight, but I kissed a girl" : The trouble with American media representations of female-female sexuality. Feminism & Psychology, 15, 104-110
NICHOLS, M. (1994). Therapy with bisexual women : working on the edge of emerging cultural and personal identities. In M. Mirkin (Ed.), Women in context : toward a feminist reconstruction of psychotherapy (pp. 149-169). New York : Guilford Press. LEE, I. & CRAWFORD, M. (2007). Lesbians and bisexual women in the eyes of scientific psychology. Feminism & Psychology, 17, 109-127.
DIAMOND, M. (1994). Bisexuality in the ancient world. Journal Psychology & Human Sexuality, 6 (3), 86-91. DIAMOND, L.M. (2008). Female bisexuality from adolescence to adulthood : Results from a 10-Year longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 44 (1), 5-14. [PDF]
D'AUGELLI, A.R. (1994). Identity development and sexual orientation : Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and bisexual development. In E.J. Trickett, R.J. Watts & D. Birman (Eds.), Human diversity : Perspectives on people in context (pp. 312-333). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass. ANDERSON, E. & ADAMS, A. (2011). Aren't we all a little bisexual ? : The recognition of bisexuality in an unlikely place. Journal of Bisexuality, 11, 3-22. [PDF]
WILKINSON, S. (1996). Bisexuality "à la mode". Women's Studies International Forum, 19 (3), 293-301. RUBINSTEIN, T., MAKOV S. & SAREL, A. (2013). Don't bi-negative : reduction of negative attitudes toward bisexuals by blurring the gender dichotomy. Journal of Bisexuality, 13, 356-373.
DIAMOND, L.M., SAVIN-WILLIAMS, R.C. & DUBÉ E.M. (1999). Sex, dating, passionate friendships, and romance : Intimate peer relations among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents. In W. Furman, B.B. Brown & C. Feifing (Eds.), The development of romatic relationships in adolescence (pp. 175-204). Cambridge : Cambrige University press. [PDF] VAN WAGENEN, A., DRISKELL, J. & BRADFORD, J. (2013). "I'm still raring to go" : Successful aging among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender older adults. Journal of Aging Studies, 27, 1-14. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Homosexuel, Gai et Lesbienne
Sexualité (Inter-) : Voir Intersexualisme/Intersexué. Intersex.
Sexualité précoce : Voir Hypersexualisation. Eroticization of little girl, Sexualization of girls.
Sexuality & Disability : Revue scientifique multidiciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude de la sexualité.
GALLUCI, G.F., HACKERMAN, F. & SCHMIDT, C.W. (2005). Gender identity disorder in an adult male with Asperger’s syndrome. Sex & Disabilities, 23 (1), 35-40.
 
Sexually Transmitted Infections : Revue scientifique multidiciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude des infections transmises par sexuellement. Éditeur : British Medical Journals.
NYIRJESY, P., SOBEL, J.D., WEITZ, M.V., LEAMAN, D.J., SMALL, M.J. & GELONE, S.P. (2001). Cromolyn cream for recalcitrant idiopathic vulvar vestibulitis : results of a placebo controlled study. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 77 (1), 53-57. [PDF]
 
Sexuelle (Différence) : Voir Différence sexuelle. Sex difference.
Sexuelle (Sélection) : Voir Sélection sexuelle.Sexual selection, mate selection, selection on sex.
Seyfarth Robert M. ( ) : Psychologue et primatologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la cognition animale, notamment chez le babouin. Collaborateur de Cheney, Hauser, Isbell, Silk et Wittig.
 SEYFARTH, R.M. & CHENEY, D.L. (2001). Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 47, 145-177.
 SEYFARTH, R.M. & CHENEY, D.L. (2002). What are big brains for ? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 99 (7), 4141-4142.
 SEYFARTH, R.M. & CHENEY, D.L. (2003). Meaning and emotion in animal vocalizations. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 32-55.
 SEYFARTH, R.M. & CHENEY, D.L. (2005). Primate social cognition and the origins of language. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9 (6), 264-266. [PDF]
SEYFARTH, R.M. & CHENEY, D.L. (2013). Social relationships, social cognition, and the evolution of mind in primates. In R.J. Nelson & S. Mizumori (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 574-594). New York : John Wiley & Sons. [PDF]
Sfard Anna ( ) : Spécialiste de l'éducation, et notamment de l'enseignement des mathématiques.
 SFARD, A. (1994). Reification as the birth of metaphor. For the Learning of Mathematics, 14 (1), 44-55. [PDF]
 SFARD, A. (1998). On two metaphors for learning and the danger of choosing just one. Educational Researcher, 27 (2), 4-13. [PDF]
 SFARD, A. & KIERAN, C. (2001). Cognition as communication: Rethinking learning-by-talking through multi-faceted analysis of students’ mathematical interactions. Mind, Culture & Activity, 8 (1), 42-76. [PDF]
 SFARD, A. & PRUSAK, A. (2005). Telling identities : In search of an analytic tool for investigating learning as a culturally shaped activity. Educational Researcher, 34 (4), 14-22. [PDF]
 SFARD, A. (2007). When the rules of discourse change, but nobody tells you : Making sense of mathematics learning from a commognitive standpoint. Journal for Learning Sciences, 16 (4), 567-615. [PDF]
SE - SHANNON - SHAPIRO - SHAVER - SHAYWITZ - SHELDON - SHEPARD - SHERIF - SHERRINGTON - SHIFFRIN - SHIMP - SHO - SI
Shadish William R. ( ) : Psychologue et méthodologiste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des plans expérimentaux et de la méta-analyse. Collaborateur de Campbell, Cook, Hedges et Kratochwill.
SHADISH, W.R. (1986). The validity of a measure of intimate behavior. Small Group Behavior, 17, 113-120.
SHADISH, W.R., MONTGOMERY, L.M., WILSON, P., WILSON, M.R., BRIGHT, I. & OKWUMABUA, T. (1993). Effects of family and marital psychotherapies : A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61 (6), 992-1002. [PDF]
SHADISH, W.R. (1995). Philosophy of science and the quantitative-qualitative debates : Thirteen common errors. Evaluation & Program Planning, 18 (1), 63-75. [PDF]
SHADISH, W.R., CLARK, M.H. & WONG, V.C. (2008). Can nonrandomized experiments yield accurate answers ? A randomized experiment comparing random and nonrandom assignments. Journal of the American Statistical, 103 (484), 1334-1356. [PDF]
SHADISH, W.R., COOK, T.D. & CAMPBELL, D.T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
Schafer/Schnaffner/Shaffer/Sheaffer
Joseph L. Schafer Israël Scheffler Laurence F. Shaffer
Brian F. Schaffner Howard J Shaffer Simon Shaffer
Kenneth F. Schaffner Juliet Popper Shaffer Robert Sheaffer
 
Shaffer Howard J. ( ) : Psychologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dépendance, notamment au jeu et à Internet. Collaborateur de Blaszczynski et Ladouceur.
SHAFFER, H.J. (1994). Understanding the means and objects of addiction : technology, the Internet and gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 12, 461-469.
SHAFFER, H.J., HALL, M.N. & VANDER BILT, K. (1997). Estimating the prevalence of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada : a research synthesis. American Journal of Public Health, 89, 1369-1376.
SHAFFER, H.J., HALL, M.N. & VANDER BILT, J. (2000). "Computer addiction" : A critical consideration. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 162-168.
SHAFFER, H.J. & HALL, M.N. (2001). Updating and refining meta-analytic prevalence estimates of disordered gambling behavior in the United States and Canada. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 92 (3), 168-172.
SHAFFER, H.J. & KORN, D.A. (2002). Gambling and related mental disorders : A public health analysis. Annual Review of Public Health, 23, 171-212.
Shaffer Juliet Popper (1932- ) : Statisticienne et psychologue américaine. Collaboratrice de Lehmann.
SHAFFER, J.P. (1974). Bidirectional unbiased procedures. Journal of American Statistical Association, 69, 437-439.
SHAFFER, J.P. (1981). Complexity : An interpretability criterion for multiple comparisons. Journal of American Statistical Association, 76, 395-401.
SHAFFER, J.P. (1995). Multiple hypothesis testing. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 561-584.. [PDF]
SHAFFER, J.P. (1999). A semi-Bayesian study of Duncan’s Bayesian multiple comparison procedure. Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference, 82, 197-213. [PDF]
SHAFFER, J.P. (2006). Recent developments towards optimality in multiple hypothesis testing. Institute of Mathematical Statistics Lecture Notes - Monograph Series, 49, 16-32. [PDF]
Shaffer Laurence F. ( ) : Psychologue américain et président de l'APA en 1953. Collaborateur de Hilgard et Kelly.

HILGARD, E.R., KELLY, E.L., LUCKEY, B., SANFORD, N., SHAFFER, L.F. & SHAKOW, D. (1947). Recommended graduate training program in clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 2, 539-558.

 
 
 
Shaffer Simon (Southampton 1955-): Historien des sciences britannique. Il est l'un des chefs de file de la sociologie de la connaissance de la connaissance. Collaborateur de Shapin
SHAFFER, S. (1986). Scientific discoveries and the end of natural philosophy. Social Studies of Science, 16 (3), 387-420.
SHAPIN, S. & SCHAFFER, S. (1988). Leviathan and the air-pump : Hobbes, Boyle, and the experimental life. Princeton University Press.
SHAFFER, S. (1994).From physics to anthropology: and back again. Prickly Pear Press.
SHAFFER, S. (2019). Traveling machines and colonial times. Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions, 187, 171-190. [PDF]
SHAFFER, S. (2014).La fabrique des sciences modernes. Le Seuil.
Saffran/Safran/Shafran
Eleanor M. Saffran Jeremy David Safran Roz Shafran
 
Shafran Roz ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste anglaise, spécialisée dans l'étude du perfectionnisme. Collaboratrice de Andersson, Arntz, Barlow, Carlbring, Clark, Cooper, Dimidjian, Egan, Ehlers, Freeston, Garety, Hollon, Fairburn, Lambert, Ost, Rachman, Rozental, Salkovskis, Wade, Williams et Wilson.
SHAFRAN, R. & MANSELL, W. (2001). Perfectionism and psychopathology : A review of research and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 21, 879-906.
SHAFRAN, R., COOPER, Z. & FAIRBURN, C.G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism : A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 40, 773-791.
SHAFRAN, R., CLARK, D., FAIRBURN, C., ARNTZ, A., BARLOW, D., EHLERS, A., FREESTON, M., GARETY, P., HOLLON, S., OST, L., SALKOVSKIS, P.M., WILLIAMS, J. & WILSON, G.T. (2009). Mind the gap : Improving the dissemination of CBT. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 47 (11), 902-909. [PDF]
SHAFRAN, R., RADOMSKY, A.S., COUGHTREY, A.E. & RACHMAN, S. (2013). Advances in the cognitive behavioural treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42 (4) 265-274.
SHAFRAN, R., COUGHTREY, A. & KOTHARI, R. (2016). Frontiers in the treatment of perfectionism. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 9 (2), 156-170.
Shahan Timothy A. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'apprentissage chez les animaux. Collaborateur de Bickel, Chase, Davison, Gallistel, Lattal, Nevin, Podlesnik, Schaal et Wacker.
SHAHAN, T.A. & LATTAL, K.A. (1998). On the functions of the changeover delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 69 (2), 141-160. [PDF]
SHAHAN, T.A. & LATTAL, K.A. (2000). Choice, changing over, and reinforcement delays. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 74 (3), 311-330. [PDF]
SHAHAN, T.A. (2002). Observing behavior : Effects of rate and magnitude of primary reinforcement. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 78 (2), 161-178. [PDF]
SHAHAN, T.A. (2003). Stimuli produced by observing responses make rats’ ethanol self-administration more resistant to price increases. Psychopharmacology, 167, 180-186.
SHAHAN, T.A. & SWEENEY, M.M. (2011). A model of resurgence based on behavioral momentum. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 95 (1), 91-108. [PDF]
Shahar Golan (1968-) : Psychologue et psychanalyste anglais, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dépression. Collaborateur de Blatt.
SHAHAR, G. & PRIEL, B. (2003). Active vulnerability, adolescent distress, and the mediating/suppressing role of life events. Personality & Individual Differences, 35 (1), 199-218.
SHAHAR, G., HENRICH, C.C., WINOKUR, A., BLATT, S.J., KUPERMIC, G.P. & LEADBEATER, B.J. (2006). Self-criticism and depressive symptomatology interact to predict middle school academic achievement. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62 (1), 147-155.
SHAHAR, G., BLATT, S.J., ZUROFF, D.C., KRUPNICK, J.L. & SOTSKY, S.M. (2004). Perfectionism impedes social relations and response to brief treatment for depression. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 23 (2), 140-154.
SHAHAR, G. (2013). An integrative psychotherapist's account of his focus when treating self-critical patients. Psychotherapy, 50 (3), 322-325.
SHAHAR, G. & HENRICH, C.C. (2016). Perceived family social support buffers against the effects of exposure to rocket attacks on adolescent depression, aggression, and severe violence. Journal of Family Psychology, 30 (1), 163-168.
Shalev Ruth S. ( ) : Neurobiologiste israélienne et spécialiste de la dyscalculie. Collaboratrice de Gross-Tsur.
SHALEV, R.S. & GROSS-TSUR, V. (1993). Developmental dyscalculia and medical assessment. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 26 (2), 134-137.
SHALEV, R.S., MANOR, O., AMIR, N. & GROSS-TSUR, V. (1993). The acquisition of arithmetic in normal children. Assessment by a cognitive model of dyscalculia. Developments in Medical Child Neurology, 35, 593-601.
SHALEV, R.S., MANOR, O. & GROSS-TSUR, V. (1997). Neuropsychological aspects of developmental dyscalculia. Mathematical Cognition, 3 (2), 105-120.
SHALEV, R.S. & GROSS-TSUR, V. (2001). Developmental dyscalculia. Pediatric Neurology, 24 (5), 337-342.
SHALEV, R.S. (2004). Developmental dyscalculia. Journal of Child Neurology, 19 (10), 765-771. [PDF]
Shallice Timothy (1940-) : Neuropsychologue cognitif britannique, spécialisé dans l'étude de a mémoire à court terme, des fonctions exécutives et de la lecture. Collaborateur de Butterworth, Evans, Norman, Starrfelt et Warrington.
SHALLICE, T. & WARRINGTON, E.K. (1970). Independent functioning of verbal memory stores : a neuropsychological study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22 (2), 261-273.
SHALLICE, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. Cambridge : CUP.
SHALLICE, T. & BURGESS, P. (1998). The domain of supervisory processes and the temporal organisation of behaviour. In A. Roberts, T. Robbins & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.), The prefrontal cortex : Executive and cognitive functions (pp. 22-35). Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press.
SHALLICE, T., MARZOCCHI, G.M., COSER, S., DEL SAVIO, M., MEUTER, R.F. & RUMIATI, R.I. (2002). Executive function profile of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Development Neuropsychology, 21 (1), 43-71.
SHALLICE, T. (2003). Functional imaging and neuropsychology findings : how can they be linked. NeuroImage, 20 (1), 146-154.
Shamir Boas ( ) : Psychologue organisationnel américain et spécialiste de l'étude du leadership et du charisme. Collaborateur de House.
SHAMIR, B., HOUSE, R.J. & ARTHUR, M.B. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership : A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4 (4), 577-594. [PDF]
SHAMIR, B., HOUSE, R.J. & ARTHUR, M.B.J. (1994). The rhetoric of charismatic leadership : A theoretical extension, a case study, and implications for research. The Leadership Quarterly, 5, 25-42.
SHAMIR, B. (1999). Taming charisma for better understanding and greater usefulness : A response to Beyer. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 555-562.
SHAMIR, B. & HOWELL, J.M. (1999). Organizational and contextual influences on the emergence and effectiveness of charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 10 (2), 257-283.
SHAMIR, B. & EILAM, G. (2005). What's your story ? A life-stories approach to authentic leadership development. The Leadership Quarterly, 16 (2), 395-417. [PDF]
Shankardass Aditi (Londres-) : Physiologiste et neurobiologiste d'origine anglaise, spécialisée dans l'utilisation des électro-encéphalogrammes pour diagnostiquer les troubles d'apprentissage. Collaboratrice de Nicholson et Pascalis.
 SHANKARDASS, A., NICOLSON, R.I., FAWCETT, A.J. & PASCALIS, O. (1999). Even related brain potentials in dyslexia. Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 25, 490.
 SHANKARDASS, A., NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. (1999). Visual event related brain potentials in dyslexic children. Neural Plasticity, S1, 163.
 SHANKARDASS, A., NICOLSON, R.I. & FAWCETT, A.J. (2001). An investigation into the visual and auditory cognitive processing mechanisms impaired in dyslexia using event related brain potentials. Neural Plasticity, 1 (S), 163.
 SHANKARDASS, A., NICOLSON, R.I., FAWCETT, A.J. & GILBERT, P. (2001). An investigation into the visual and auditory processing mechanisms impaired in dyslexia using event related brain potentials. Society for Neuroscience Abstract, 25, 490.

Shankweiler Donald ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de la compéhension des mots et du langage. Collaborateur de Cooper, Fletcher, Katz, Liberman, Perfetti, Preston, Pugh, Shaywitz et Shaywitz.
 SHANKWEILER, D., CRAIN, S., KATZ, L., FOWLER, A.E., LIBERMAN, A.M., BRADY, S.A., THORNTON, R., LUNDQUIST, E., DREYER, L., FLETCHER, J.M., STUEBING, K.K., SHAYWITZ, S.E. & SHAYWITZ, B.A. (1995). Cognitive profiles of reading-disabled children : Comparison of language skills in phonology, Morphology, and Syntax. Psychological Science, 6 (3), 149-156. [PDF]
 SHANKWEILER, D. (1999). Words to meanings. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3 (2), 113-127. [PDF]
 SHANKWEILER, D., LUNDQUIST, E., KATZ, L., STEUBING, K., FLETCHER, J., BRADY, S., FOWLER, A., DREYER, L., MARCHIONE, K., SHAYWITZ, S. & SHAYWITZ, B. (1999). Comprehension and decoding: Patterns of association in children with reading difficulties. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3, 95-112. [PDF]
 SHANKWEILER, D., PALUMBO, L.C., NI, W., MENCL, W.E., FULBRIGHT, R., PUGH, K.R., CONSTABLE, R.T., HARRIS, K.S., KOLLIA, B. & VAN DYKE, J. (2004). Unexpected recovery of language function after massive left-hemisphere infarct : Coordinated psycholinguistic and neuroimaging studies. Brain & Language, 91, 181-182.
 SHANKWEILER, D., MENCL, W.E., BRAZE, D., PUGH, K.R. & FULLBRIGHT, P. (2008). Reading differences in brain : Cortical integration of speech and print during sentence processing. Developmental Neuropsychology, 33 (6), 745-775. [PDF]
Shannon Claude Elwood (Gaylord États-Unis 1916-2001) : Ingénieur, mathématicien, cybernéticien et père de la théorie de l'information (en collaboration avec Weaver). Il a également contribué au développement de l'intelligence artificielle en montrant comment appliquer la logique de Boole pour construire des machines binaires. Il est considéré comme l'un des précurseurs du cognitivisme américain. Collaborateur de Weaver.
 SHANNON, C.E. (1948). Mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423/623-656.
SHANNON, C.E. (1950). Programming computer to play chess. Philosophical Magazine, 41, 256-275.
 SHANNON, C.E. & J. McCARTHY (Eds.) (1956). Automata studies. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
 SHANNON, C.E. & WEAVER, W. (1969). The mathematical theory of communication. Chicago : The University of Illinois Press/London : Urbana.
 
Shapin Steven (New York 1943-) : Biologiste, historien et épistémologue américain. Il est l'un des chefs de file de la sociologie de la connaissance scientifique. Collaborateur de Barnes.
SHAPIN, S. (1979). History of science and its sociological reconstructions. History of Science, 20, 157-211.
SHAPIN, S. & SCHAFFER, S. (1988). Leviathan and the air-pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the experimental life. Princeton University Press.
SHAPIN, S. (1988). Understanding the Merton thesis. Isis, 79, 594-605.
SHAPIN, S. (1995). Here and everywhere : sociology of scientific knowledge. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 289-321.
SHAPIN, S. (1996/98). The scientific revolution, Chicago, IL : University of Chicago Press. / La révolution scientifique. Paris : Flammarion. [PDF]
Shapiro
Arthur K. Shapiro David Alan Shapiro Edward S. Shapiro
David Shapiro David L. Shapiro Martin Shapiro
David Shapiro Diana Shapiro  Monte B. Shapiro
 
Shapiro Arthur K. (Brooklyn 1923-1995 New York) : Psychiatre américain et spécialiste de l'étude du syndrome de Gilles de la Touerette. Il s'intérese aussi au rôle de l'effet placebo dans la recherche. Collaborateur de Bruun.
 SHAPIRO, A.K. (1959). The placebo effect in the history of medical treatment: implications for psychiatry. American Journal of Psychiatry, 116, 298-304.
 SHAPIRO, A.K. (1964). Factors contributing to the placebo effect, their implications for psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 18, 73-88.
 SHAPIRO, A.K. & SHAPIRO, E. (1971). Clinical danger of psychological theorizing. Psychiatric Quaterly, 45 (2), 159-171.
 SHAPIRO, A.K., SHAPIRO, E. & EISENKRAFT, G.J. (1983). Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome with pimozide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140 (9), 183-186.
 SHAPIRO, A.K. (1992). Evaluation of the reported association of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or disorder with Tourette's disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 33 (3), 152-165.
Shapiro David ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de la médecine béhaviorale. Il s'intéresse aux causes et aux conséquences psychologiques de la pression artérielle et de l'hypertension. Collaborateur de Kahnman.
 SHAPIRO, D. & TAGIURI, R. (1958). Some effects of response context on trait inferences. Journal of Personality, 26, 42-50.
 SHAPIRO, D. (1963). The reinforcement of disagreement in a small group. Behavior Research & Therapy, 1, 267-272.
 SHAPIRO, D. & SURWIT, R.S. (1974). Operant conditioning : A new theoretical approach in psychosomatic medicine. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 5, 377-387.
 SHAPIRO, D., HUI, K.K., OAKLLEY, M.E., PASIC, J. & JAMNER, L. (1997). Reduction in drug requirements for hypertension by means of a cognitive-behavioral intervention. American Journal of Hypertension, 10, 9-17.
 SHAPIRO, D., JAMNER L.D., GOLDSTEIN, I.B. & DELFINO, J. (2001). Striking a chord : moods, blood pressure, and heart rate in everyday life. Psychophysiology, 38, 197-204.
Shapiro David ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de la thérapie psychanalytique.
 SHAPIRO, D. (1966). Neurotic styles. Basic Books
 SHAPIRO, D. (1981). Autonomy and rigid character. Basic Books.
 SHAPIRO, D. (1989). Psychotherapy of neurotic character. Basic Books.
 SHAPIRO, D. (2002). Theoretical reflections on Wilhelm Reich's character analysis. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 56 (3), 338-346.
 SHAPIRO, D. (1996). On the psychology of self-deception. Social Research, 63 (3), 785-800.
Shapiro David Alan (1945-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine anglaise, et spécialiste l'étude de l'efficacité des thérapies. Collaborateur de Bergin, Castonguay, Hayes, Lambert, Marks, Norcross, Shapiro, Shapiro, Stiles et Teasdale.
SHAPIRO, D.A. (1969). Empathy, warmth and genuineness in psychotherapy. British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 8, 350-361.
SHAPIRO, D.A. & SHAPIRO, D. (1977). The "double standard" in the evaluation of psychotherapies. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 30, 209-210.
SHAPIRO, D.A. & SHAPIRO, D. (1982). Meta-Analysis of comparative therapy outcome studies : A replication and refinement. Psychological Bulletin, 92 (3), 581-604.
SHAPIRO, D.A. & SHAPIRO, D. (1983). Comparative therapy outcome research : Methodological implications of meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 51 (1), 42-53.
SHAPIRO, D.A., BARKHAM, M., STILES, W.B., HARDY, G.E., REES, A., REYNOLDS, S. & STARTUP, M. (2003). Time is of the essence : A selective review of the fall and rise of brief therapy research. Psychology & Psychotherapy : Theory, Research & Practice, 76, 211-235.
Shapiro David L. (1943-) : Psychologue cognitviste américain et spécialiste de la psychologie légale.
SHAPIRO, D.L. (1970). The significance of the visual image in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy : Theory Research & Practice, 7 (4), 209-212.
SHAPIRO, D.L. (1984). Psychological evaluation and expert testimony. New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold.
SHAPIRO, D.L. (1991). Forensic psychological assessment : An integrative Approach. Needham Heights, MA : Simon & Schuster.
SHAPIRO, D.L. (1999). Criminal responsibility evaluations : A manual for practice. Professional Resource Exchange Inc.
SHAPIRO, D.L. & SMITH, J.D. (2011). Malpractice in psychology : A practical resource for clinicians. American Psychological Association.
Shapiro Diana ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine et spécialiste l'étude de l'efficacité des thérapies. Collaboratrice de Shapiro et Wason.
SHAPIRO, D. (1962). Aspects of obsessive-compulsive style. Psychiatry : Journal for the Study of the Interpersonal Processes, 114, 46-59.
SHAPIRO, D. (1965). Neurotic styles. New York : Basic Books.
WASON, P.C. & SHAPIRO, D. (1971). Natural and contrived experience in a reasoning problem. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 63-71. [PDF]
SHAPIRO, D.A. & SHAPIRO, D. (1977). The "double standard" in the evaluation of psychotherapies. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 30, 209-210.

Shapiro Edward S. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'éducation. Collaborateur de Dupaul et Ollendick.
SHAPIRO, E.S. (1979). Restitution and positive practice overcorrection in reducing aggressive-disruptive behavior : A long term follow-up. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 10, 131-134.
SHAPIRO, E.S., BARRETT, R.P. & OLLENDICK, T.H. (1980). A comparison of physical restraint and positive practice overcorrection in treating stereotypic behavior. Behavior Therapy, 11, 227-233.
SHAPIRO, E.S., DUPAUL, G.J. & BRADLEY,-KLUG, K.L. (1998). Self-management as a strategy to improve the classroom behavior of adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31 (6), 545-555.
SHAPIRO, E.S. & KRATOCHWILL, T.R. (Eds.) (2000). Behavioral assessment in schools, theory, research, and clinical foundations. Guilford Press.
SHAPIRO, E.S. & KRATOCHWILL, T.R. (Eds.) (2002). Conducting school-based assessments of child and adolescent behavior. Guilford Press.
Shapiro Martin M. (1933-) : Psychologue béhavioriste anglais, spécialisé dans l'étude du conditionnement répondant, notamment chez le chien.
SHAPIRO, M.M. (1960). Respondent salivary conditioning in dogs during operant lever pressing in dogs. Science, 132, 361-364.
SHAPIRO, M.M. (1961). Salivary conditioning in dogs during fixed-interval reinforcement contingent upon lever pressing. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 7 (4), 361-364. [PDF]
SHAPIRO, M.M. MILLER, T.M. & BRESNAHAN, J.L. (1966). Dummy trials, novel stimuli, and Pavlovian-trained stimuli : Their effect upon instrumental and consummatory response relationships. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 61 (3), 480-483.
SHAPIRO, M.M., MUGG, G.J. & EWALD, J. (1971). Instrumental preferences and conditioned preparatory responses in dogs. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 74 (2), 227-232.
SHAPIRO, M.M. & HERENDEEN, D.L. (1975). Food-reinforced inhibition of conditioned salivation in dogs. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 88 (2), 628-632.
Shapiro Monte B. (1912-2000) : Psychologue britannique, spécialiste de la mesure et de l'évaluation des thérapies. Collaborateur de Shapiro.
SHAPIRO, M.B. (1961). A method of measuring psychological changes specific to the individual psychiatric patient. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 34, 151-155.
SHAPIRO, M.B. (1961). The single case in fundamental clinical psychological research. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 34, 255-262.
SHAPIRO, M.B. (1967). Clinical psychology as an applied science. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 113, 1039-1042.
SHAPIRO, M.B. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1974). Experiments on the feeling of depression. British Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 13, 191-199.
SHAPIRO, M.B. (1985). A reassessment of clinical psychology as an applied science. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 1-11.
 MORLEY, S. (2000). Monte Shapiro 1912-2000 [Obituary]. The Psychologist, 13, 421.
Shappell Scott A. ( ) : Psychologie américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du comportement des pilotes d'avion, des accidents et des conditions de vol. Collaborateur de Wiegemann.
SHAPPELL, S.A. & WIEGEMANN, D.A. (1996). U.S. naval aviation mishaps 1977-92: Differences between single-and dual-piloted aircraft. Aviation, Space, & Environmental Medicine, 67, 65-69.
SHAPPELL, S.A. & WIEGEMANN, D.A. (1997). A human error approach to accident investigation : The taxonomy of unsafe operations. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7 (4), 269-291.
SHAPPELL, S.A., DETWILER, C., HOLCOMB, K., HACKWORTH, C., BOQUET, A. & WIEGMANN, D.A. (1995). Human error and commercial aviation accidents : an analysis using the human factors analysis and classification system. Human Factors, 9 (2), 227-242. [PDF]
SHAPPELL, S.A. & WIEGEMANN, D.A. (2001). Applying reason : The human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS). Human Factors & Aerospace Safety, 1, 59-86.
SHAPPELL, S.A. & WIEGEMANN, D.A. (2003). Reshaping the way we look at general aviation accidents using the human factors analysis and classification system. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aviation Psychology, 12, 1047-1052.

Schaughency/Shaughnessy
John J. Shaughnessy Michael J. Shaughnessy Elizabeth A. Schaughency
 
Shaughnessy John J. (1947-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la mémoire.
SHAUGHESSY, J.J. (1976). Persistence of the spacing effect in free recall under varying incidental learning conditions. Memory & Cogition, 4, 369-377.
SHAUGHESSY, J.J. (1977). Long-term retention and the spacing effect in free-recall and frequency judgments. American Journal of Psychology, 90, 587-598.
SHAUGHESSY, J.J. (1979). Confidence-judgment accuracy as a predictor of test performance. Journal of Research in Personality, 13 (4), 505-514.
SHAUGHESSY, J.J. (1981). Memory-monitoring accuracy and modification of rehearsal strategies. Journal of Verbal Learning & Verbal Behavior, 20 (2), 216-230.
SHAUGHESSY, J.J. & ZECHMEISTER, E.B. (1981). Memory-monitoring accuracy as influenced by the distribution of retrieval practice. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 30 (2), 125-128.
Shaughnessy J. Michael ( ) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation, et plus particulièrement de l'évaluation et l'enseignement des mathématiques. Collaborateur de Haladyna.
SHAUGHNESSY, J.M. & HALADYNA, T.M. (1983). Relations of student, teacher and learning environment variables to attitude toward mathematics. School Science & Mathematics, 83, 21-37.
SHAUGHNESSY, J.M. & HALADYNA, T.M. (1983). A causal analysis of attitude toward mathematics. Journal of Research in Mathematics Education, 14, 18-29.
SHAUGHNESSY, J.M. & HALADYNA, T.M. (1986). Research on student attitudes toward the social studies. Social Education, 49, 692-695.
SHAUGHNESSY, J.M., CANADA, D. & CIANCETA, M. (2003). Middle school students' thinking about variability in repeated trials : A cross-task comparison. In N. Pateman, B. Dougherty & J. Zillox (Eds.), Proceedings of 27th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (vol. 4, pp. 159-166). Honolulu, USA.
SHAUGHNESSY, J.M., CIANCETA, M. & CANADA, D. (2004 ). Types of student reasoning on sampling tsk. Proceedings of the 28th Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, 4, 177-184. [PDF]
Shaver Phillip R. (1944-) : Psychosociologue américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'attachement, notamment chez l'adulte. Professeur de Fraley. Collaborateur de Bartholomew, Belsky, Blatt, French, Hazan, Mikulincer, Robins, Tavris, Tracy et Zajonc.
SHAVER, P.R., FRENCH, J.R.P. & COBB, S. (1970). Birth order of medical students and the occupational ambitions of their parents. International Journal of Psychology, 5, 197-207.
SHAVER, P.R. & HAZAN, C. (1988). A biased overview of the study of love. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 5, 473-510.
SHAVER, P.R. & BRENNAN, K.A. (1992). Attachment styles and the "big five" personality traits : Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 536-545.
SHAVER, P.R. & HAZAN, C. (1993). Adult romantic attachment : Theory and evidence. In D. Perlman & W. Jones (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (Vol. 4, pp. 29-70). Londres : Kingsley.
SHAVER, P.R., BELSKY, J. & BRENNAN, K.A. (2000). Comparing measures of adult attachment : An examination of interview and self-report methods. Personal Relationships, 7, 25-43.
Shaywitz
Bennett Arthur Shaywitz Sally E. Shaywitz
 
Shaywitz Bennett Arthur ( ) : Neurobiologiste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la lecture et de la dyslexie. Collaborateur de Cohen, Fletcher, Lyon, Pugh, Shankweiler, Shaywitz et Torgesen.
SHAYWITZ, B.A., SHAYWITZ, S.E., PUGH, K.R., CONSTABLE, R.T., SKUDLARSKI, P., FULBRIGHT, R.K., BRONEN, R.A., FLETCHER, J.M., SHANKWEILER, D.P., KATZ, L. & GORE, J.C. (1995). Sex differences in the functional organization of the brain for language. Science, 373, 607-609.
SHAYWITZ, B.A. SHAYWITZ, S.E., PUGH, K.R., MENCL, W.E., FULBRIGHT, R.K., SKUDLARSKI, P., CONSTABLE, R.T., MARCHIONE, K.E., FLETCHER, J.M., LYON, G.R. & GORE, J.C. (2002). Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biological Psychiatry, 52 (2), 101-110. [PDF]
SHAYWITZ, B.A., SHAYWITZ, S.E., BLACHMAN, B.A., PUGH, K.R., FULBRIGHT, R.K., SKUDLARSKI, P., MENCL, W.E., CONSTABLE, R.T., HOLAHAN, J.M., MARCHIONE, K., FLETCHER, J.M., LYON, G.R. & GORE, J.C. (2004). Development of left occipito-temporal systems for skilled reading in children after a phonologically-based intervention. Biological Psychiatry, 55, 926-933. [PDF]
SHAYWITZ, S.E. & SHAYWITZ, B.A. (2004). Reading disability and the brain. Educational Leadership, 61 (6), 6-11. [PDF]
SHAYWITZ, B.A., LYON, G.R. & SHAYWITZ, S.E. (2006). The role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in understanding reading and dyslexia. Development Neuropsychology, 30 (1), 613-632.
Shaywitz Sally E. ( ) : Neurobiologiste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de la lecture et de la dyslexie. Collaboratrice de Fletcher, Lyon, Pugh, Shankweiler, Shaywitz et Torgesen.
SHAYWITZ, S.E. (1996). Dyslexia. Scientific American, 275 (5), 98-104.
SHAYWITZ, S.E., SHAYWITZ, B.A., PUGH, K., FULBRIGHT, R.K., CONSTABLE, T., MENCL, E.W., SHANKWEILER, D.P., LIBERMAN, A.M., SKUDLARSKI, P., FLETCHER, J., KATZ, L., MARCHIONE, K. & LACADIE, C. (1998). Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 95 (5), 2636-2641. [PDF]
SHAYWITZ, S.E. (1998). Current concepts : Dyslexia. The New England Journal of Medicine, 338 (5), 307-312.
SHAYWITZ, S.E. (2003). Overcoming dyslexia. New York : Alfred A. Knopf.
SHAYWITZ, S.E. & SHAYWITZ, B.A. (2003). Dyslexia (specific reading disability). Pediatrics in Review, 24, 147-153.
Sheaffer Robert (Chicago 1949-) : Sceptique américain et spécialiste de l'étude des phénomènes paranormaux, notamment des ovnis. Il est membre du Comittee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal.
SHEAFFER, R. (1980). The UFO verdict : Examining the evidence. Buffalo, N.Y : Prometheus Books.
SHEAFFER, R. (1988). Resentment against achievement : Understanding the assault upon ability. Buffalo, N.Y. : Prometheus Books.
SHEAFFER, R. (1991). The making of the Messiah : Christianity and resentment. Buffalo, N.Y. : Prometheus Books.
SHEAFFER, R. (1998). UFO sightings : The evidence. Buffalo, N.Y. : Prometheus Books.
SHEAFFER, R. (2011). Psychic vibrations : Skeptical giggles from the skeptical inquirer. Create Space.
Sheeran Paschal ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'auto-régulation et des intentions. Collaborateur de Aarts, Bargh, Gollwitzer et Webb.
SHEERAN, P. & ORBELL, S. (2000). Self-schemas and the theory of planned behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 533-550.
SHEERAN, P. (2002). Intention-behavior relations : A conceptual and empirical review. European Review of Social Psychology, 12, 1-36.
SHEERAN, P., WEBB, T.L. & GOLLWITZER, P.M. (2005). The interplay between goal intentions and implementation intentions. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 (1), 87-98. [PDF]
SHEERAN, P., AARTS, H., CUSTERS, R., RIVIS, A., WEBB, T.L. & COOKE, R. (2005). The goal-dependent automaticity of drinking habits. British Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 47-63. [PDF]
SHEERAN, P., GOLLWITZER, P.M. & BARGH, J.A. (2013). Nonconscious processes and health. Health Psychology, 32 (5), 460-473. [PDF]
Sheldon
Kennon M Sheldon Steven B. Sheldon Herbert William Sheldon
 
Sheldon Kennon M. ( ) : Psychologue humaniste américain et adepte de la psychologie positive, spécialisé dans l'étude des buts et des besoins. Collaborateur de Deci, Elliot, Joiner, Lyubomirsky, Ryan et Vansteenkiste.
SHELDON, K.M. (1995). Creativity and goal conflict. Creativity Research Journal, 8, 299-306. [PDF]
SHELDON, K.M. & ELLIOT, A.J. (1998). Not all personal goals are personal : Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons as predictors of effort and attainment. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 546-557. [PDF]
SHELDON, K.M., JOINER, T., PETTIT, J. & WILLIAMS, G. (2003). Reconciling humanistic ideals and scientific clinical practice. Clinical Psychology : Science & practice, 10, 302-315. [PDF]
SHELDON, K.M. & LYUBOMIRSKY, S. (2007). Is it possible to become happier ? (And if so, how?). Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 1, 129-145. [PDF]
SHELDON, K.M., PRENTICE, M., HALUSIC, M. & SCHÜLER, J. (2015). Matches between assigned goal-types and both implicit and explicit motive dispositions predict goal self-concordance. Motivation & Emotion, 39, 335-343. [PDF]
Sheldon Steven B. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'éducation. Collaborateur de Epstein, Sanders et Van Voohris.
SHELDON, S.B. & VAN VOORHIS, F.L. (2004). Partnership programs in U.S. schools : Their development and relationship to family involvement outcomes. School Effectiveness & School Improvement, 15, 125-148.
SHELDON, S.B. & EPSTEIN, J.L. (2004). Getting students to school : Using family and community involvement to reduce chronic absenteeism. School & Community Journal, 4 (2), 39-56.
SHELDON, S.B. & EPSTEIN, J.L. (2005). Involvement counts : Family and community partnerships and math achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 98 (4), 196-206.
SHELDON, S.B. (2005). Testing a structural equations model of partnership program implementation and parent involvement. The Elementary School Journal, 106, 171-187.
SHELDON, S.B. (2007). Improving student attendance with a school-wide approach to school, family, and community partnerships. Journal of Educational Research, 100 (5), 267-275.
Sheldon William Herbert (Warwick États-Unis 1898-1977 Cambridge États-Unis) : Psychologue américain. Il a proposé une théorie de la personnalité et de la délinquance fondée sur des types morphologiques (endomorphe, mesomorphe et ectomorphe).
SHELDON, W.H. (1940). The varieties of human physique : An introduction to constitutional psychology. New York : Harper & Brothers.
SHELDON, W.H. (1940). Atlas of men. New York : Harper and Brothers.



 
Shepard/Shepperd
Roger N. Shepard James A. Shepperd
 
Shepard Roger N. (Palo Alto États-Unis 1929-2022 Tucson) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude des processus cognitifs et des images mentales. Professeur de Cosmides. Collaborateur de Finke et Hovland.

No 55
SHEPARD, R.N. (1957). Stimulus and response generalization : A stochastic model relating generalization to distance in psychological space. Psychometrika, 22, 325-345.
SHEPARD, R.N. (1958). Stimulus and response generalization : tests of a model relating generalization to distance in psychological space. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55, 509-523.
SHEPARD, R.N. (1987). Toward a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science, 237, 1317-1323. [PDF]
SHEPARD, R.N. (2001). Perceptual-cognitive universals as reflections of the world. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 24, 581-601.
SHEPARD, R.N. (2004). How a cognitive psychologist came to seek universal laws. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11, 1-23.
Shepperd James A. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'optimisme. Collaborateur de Arkin, Leary et Sweeny.
SHEPPERD, J.A. & ARKIN, R.M. (1988). Determinants of self-handicapping : Task importance and the effects of preexisting handicaps on self-generated handicaps. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 101-112. [PDF]
 SHEPPERD, J.A., ARKIN, R.M. & SLAUGHTER, J. (1995). Constraints on excuse making : The deterring effects of shyness and anticipated retest. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 1061-1072. [PDF]
SHEPPERD, J.A., OUELLETTE, J.A. & FERNANDEZ, J.K. (1996). Abandoning unrealistic optimism : Performance estimates and the temporal proximity of self-relevant feedback. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 70 (4), 844-855. [PDF]
SHEPPERD, J.A. & McNULTY, J. (2002). The affective consequences of expected and unexpected outcomes. Psychological Sciences, 13, 84-87. [PDF]
SHEPPERD, J.A. MALONE, W. & SWEENY, K. (2008). Exploring causes of the self-serving bias. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 895-908. [PDF]
Sher Kenneth J. ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du comportement de boire et l'alcoolisme. Collaborateur de Bartholow, Frost, Hull, Levenson et Slutske.
SHER, K.J. & LEVENSON, R.W. (1982). Risk for alcoholism and individual differences in the stress-response- dampening effect of alcohol. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 91. 350-367.
SHER, K.J., FROST, R.O. & OTTO, R. (1983). Cognitive deficits associated with compulsive checking. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 21, 357-363.
SHER, K.J. (1985). Subjective effects of alcohol : The influence of setting and individual differences in alcohol expectancies. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 46, 137-146.
SHER, K.J., BARTHOLOW, B.D., PEUSER, K., ERICKSON, D.J. & WOOD, M.D. (2007). Stress response dampening effects of alcohol : Attention as a mediator and moderator. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116 (2), 362–377. [PDF]
SHER, K.J., JACKSON, K.M. & STEINLEY, D.A. (2011). Alcohol use trajectories and the ubiquitous cat's cradle : Cause for concern ? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120, 322-335.

Sherif
Carolyn W. Sherif Muzafer herif
 
Sherif Carolyn Wood (Loogootee États-Unis 1922-1982) : Psychosociologue américaine, spécialiste des conflits intergroupes et de l'identité de genres. = Carolyn Wood. Collaboratrice de Sherif.
SHERIF, C.W. (1961). Self radius and goals of youth in different urban areas. Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 42, 259-270.
SHERIF, C.W. & JACKMAN, N.R. (1966). Judgments of truth by participants in collective controversy. Public Opinion Quarterly 30, 173-186.
SHERIF, C.W. (1970). Black unrest as a social movement toward an emerging self identity. Journal of Social & Behavioral Sciences, 15, 41-52.
SHERIF, C.W. (1979). Social values, attitudes, and involvement of the self and somatic changes during the menstrual cycle. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 27, 1-64.
SHERIF, C.W. (1981). Needed concepts in the study of gender identity. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 6, 375-398.
Sherif Muzafer (Turquie 1906-1988 Fairbanks) : Psychosociologue américain d'origine turque. Tout comme Asch, il a étudié le conformisme et le fonctionnement des groupes dans un cadre expérimental en utilisant notamment l'effet autocinétique. Étudiant de Murphy. Collaborateur de Cantril, Hovland et Sherif.
SHERIF, M. (1935). A study of some social factors in perception. Archives of Psychology, 27 (187), 17-22. [LIRE]
SHERIF, M. (1935). An experimental study of stereotypes. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 29, 370-375. [LIRE]
SHERIF, M. (1937). An experimental approach to the study of attitudes. Sociometry, 1, 90-98. [LIRE]
SHERIF, M. (1949). The problem of inconsistency in intergroup relations. Journal of Social Issues, 5 (3), 32-37. [LIRE]
SHERIF, M., HARVEY, O.J., WHITE, J., HOOD, W. & SHERIF, C.W. (1961). Intergroup conflict and cooperation : the robbers cave experiment. Norman, OK : University Book Exchange.
NO AUTHORSHIP (1968). Muzafer Sherif: Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award (1968). American Psychologist, 23 (12), 863–867.
HARVEY. O.J. (1989). Muzafer Sherif (1906–1988). American Psychologist, 44 (10), 1325–1326.
PETTY, R.E., CACIOPPO, J.T. & HAUGTEVD, C. (1992). Ego-involvement and persuasion: An appreciative look at the Sherif's contribution to the study of self-relevance and attitude change. In D. Granberg & G. Sarup (Eds.), Social judgment and intergroup relations : Essays in honor of Muzafer Sherif (pp. 147-175). New York : Springer-Verla. [PDF] + [PDF]
MOSCOVICI, S. (1991). Experiment and experience : An intermediate step from Sherif to Asch. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 21 (3), 253-268.
Sherman
David A.K. Sherman James A. Sherman Paul W. Sherman
 
Sherman David A.K. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'affirmation de soi. Collaborateur de Kim, Steele et Taylor.
SHERMAN, D.A.K., NELSON, L.D. & STEELE, C.M. (2000). Do messages about health risks threaten the self ? Increasing the acceptance of threatening health messages via self-affirmation. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 26, 1046-1058.
SHERMAN, D.A.K. & KIM, H.S. (2002). Affective perseverance : The resistance of affect to cognitive invalidation. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 224-237. [PDF]
SHERMAN, D.A.K. & KIM, H.S. (2005). Is there an "I" in "team"? The role of the self in group-serving judgments. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 88, 108-120. [PDF]
SHERMAN, D.A.K., KINIAS, Z., MAJOR, B., KIM, H.S. & PRENOVOST, M. (2007). The group as a resource : Reducing biased attributions for group success and failure via group affirmation. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1100-1112. [PDF]
SHERMAN, D.A.K., KIM, H.S. & TAYLOR, S.E. (2009). Culture and social support : Neural bases and biological impact. In J.Y. Chiao (Ed.), Progress in brain research : Cultural neuroscience : Cultural influences on brain function (Vol. 178, pp. 227-237). The Netherlands : Elsevier. [PDF]
Sherman James A. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'imitation. Collaborateur de Baer et Peterson.
SHERMAN, J.A. (1963). Reinstatement of verbal behavior in a psychotic by reinforcement methods. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorders, 28, 398-40l.
SHERMAN, J.A. (1965). Use of reinforcement and imitation effects to reinstate verbal behavior in mute psychotics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70, 155-164.
SHERMAN, J.A. (1971). Imitation and language development. Advances in Child Development & Behavior, 6, 239-272.
SHERMAN, J.A. & THOMAS, J.R. (1968). Some factors controlling preference between fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 11 (6), 689-702. [PDF]
SHERMAN, J.A., SHELDON, J.B., HARCHIK, A.E., EDWARDS, K. & QUINN, J.M. (1992). Social evaluation of behaviors comprising three social skills and a comparison of the performance of people with and without mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 96, 419-431.
Sherman Paul W. ( ) : Éthologiste américain et spécialiste du népotisme, notamment chez l'écureuil.
SHERMAN, P.W. (1977). Nepotism and the evolution of alarm calls. Science 197, 1246-1253.
SHERMAN, P.W. (1981). Kinship, demography, and Belding's ground squirrel nepotism. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 8, 251-259.
SHERMAN, P.W. (1985). Alarm calls of Belding's ground squirrels to aerial predators : nepotism or self-preservation ? Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology 17, 313-323.
SHERMAN, P.W. (1989). Mate guarding as paternity insurance in Idaho ground squirrels. Nature, 338, 418-420.
SHERMAN, P.W. & BEKOFF, M. (2004). Monkeys, mirrors, mark tests and minds. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19 (8), 407-408.
Shermer Michael (Glendale 1954-) : Historien des sciences et journaliste américain. Il s'intéresse au scepticisme scientifique et à la pensée critique. Il est le fondateur de Skeptic.
SHERMER, M. (1997). Why people believe weird things : Pseudoscience, superstition, and other confusions of our time. W.H. Freeman/Times Books/ Henry Holt & Co.
SHERMER, M. (2002). The borderlands of science : Where sense meets nonsense. Oxford University Press.
SHERMER, M. (Ed.) (2002). The skeptic encyclopedia of pseudoscience. ABC-CLIO.
SHERMER, M. (2002). In Darwin's shadow : The life and science of Alfred Russel Wallace. Oxford University Press.
SHERMER, M. (2012). The believing brain: From ghosts and Gods to politics and conspiracies - How we construct beliefs and reinforce them as truths. St. Martin's Griffin.
Sherrington Charles S. (Londres 1857-1952 Eastbourne) : Neurobiologiste anglais et lauréat du prix Nobel de physiologie et de médecine en 1932 (avec Adrian). On lui doit le concept de synapse (1897). Professeur de Eccles et Woodworth. Collaborateur de Head.
 FOSTER, M. & SHERRINGTON, C.S.A. (1897). Textbook of physiology : The central nervous system. London : MacMillan.
 SHERRINGTON, C.S. (1906). Integrative action of the nervous system. New Haven : Yale University Press.
 SHERRINGTON, C.S. (1932). The reflex activity of the spinal cord. Oxford.
 SHERRINGTON, C.S. (1933). The brain and its mechanism. Cambridge.
 SHERRINGTON, C.S. (1940). Man on his nature. Cambridge : The Gifford lectures.
SWAZEY, J.P. (1969). Reflex and motor integration. Sherrington’s concept of integrative action. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
 ECCLES, J.C. & GIBSON, W.C. (1979). Sherrington, his life and thought. Heidleberg : Springer.
GRANIT, R. (1982). Interactions between Pavlov and Sherrington. Trends in Neuroscience, 5,182-186.
 PEARCE, J.M.S. (2004). Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (1857-1952) and the synapse. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 75, 544. [PDF]
 
Cherry/Sherry
Edward Colin Cherry Simone B. Sherry
 
Sherry Simon B. ( ) : Psychologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude du perfectionnisme. Collaborateur de Curran, Flett, Hewitt, Hill, Mackinnon, Smith et Stoeber.
SHERRY, S.B., HEWITT, P.L., FLETT, G.L. & HARVEY, M. (2003). Perfectionism dimensions, perfectionistic attitudes, dependent attitudes, and depression in psychiatric patients and university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50 (3), 373-386. [PDF]
SHERRY, S.B., HEWITT, P.L., BESSER, A., FLETT, G.L. & KLEIN, C. (2006). Machiavellianism, trait perfectionism, and perfectionistic self-presentation. Personality & Individual Differences, 40, 829-839.
SHERRY, S.B. & HALL, P.A. (2009). The perfectionism model of binge eating : Tests of an integrative model. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 96, 690-709.
SHERRY, S.B., LAW, A., HEWITT, P.L., FLETT, G.L. & BESSER, A. (2008). Social support as a mediator of the relationship between perfectionism and depression : A preliminary test of the social disconnection model. Personality & Individual Differences, 45, 339-344.
SHERRY, S.B., STOEBER, J. & RAMASSUBU, C. (2016). Perfectionism explains variance in self-defeating behaviors beyond self-criticism : Evidence from a cross-national sample. Personality & Individual Differences, 95, 196-199.
Shettleworth Sara J. (1943-) : Psychologue béhavioriste canadienne, d'origine américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des fondements biogénétiques de l'apprentissage. Collaboratrice de Krebs et Nevin.
 SHETTLEWORTH, S.J. & NEVIN, J.A. (1965). Relative rate of response and relative magnitude of reinforcement in multiple schedules. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behaviour, 8 (4), 199-202. [PDF]
 SHETTLEWORTH, S.J. (1979). The "Garcia effect" and other learning mechanisms in food selection : State of current research. Contemporary Psychology, 23, 829-830.
 SHETTLEWORTH, S.J., KREBS, J.R., HEALY, S.D. & THOMAS, C.M. (1990). Spatial memory of food-storing tits (Parus ater and P. atricapillus) : Comparison of storing and non-storing tasks. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 104, 71-81.
 SHETTLEWORTH, S.J. (2001). Animal cognition and animal behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 61, 277-286. [PDF]
 SHETTLEWORTH, S.J. (2010). Clever animals and killjoy explanations in comparative psychology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14 (11), 477-481. [PDF]
Shields Stephanie A. ( ) : Psychosociologue et féministe américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des émotions et des différences de genre.
SHIELDS, S.A. (2002). Speaking from the heart : Gender and the social meaning of emotion. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press.
SHIELDS, S.A. (2005). The politics of emotion in everyday life : "Appropriate" emotion and claims on identity. Review of General Psychology, 9, 3-15.
SHIELDS, S.A. (2007). Passionate men, emotional women : Psychology constructs gender difference in the late 19th century. History of Psychology, 10, 92-110.
SHIELDS, S.A. (2008). Gender : An intersectionality perspective. Sex Roles, 59 (5-6-), 301-311. [PDF]
SHIELDS, S.A. & BHATIA, S. (2009). Darwin and race, gender, and culture. American Psychologist, 64 (2), 111-119. [PDF]
Shiffrin Richard M. (New Haven 1942-) : Psychologue et mathématicien américain. Chef de file du cognitivisme américain. Il a développé en collaboration avec Atkinson un modèle de traitement de l'information et des trois mémoires. (Multi store model of memory). Collaborateur d'Atkinson, Cousineau, Nosofsky, Pecher, Raaijmakers, Schneider, Wagenmakers et Zeelenberg.
ATKINSON, R.C. & SHIFFRIN, R.M. (1968). Human memory : A proposed system and its control processes. In K.W. Spence & J.T. Spence (Eds.), The Psychology of learning & motivation : Advances in research and theory (Vol. 2, pp. 89-195). New York : Academic Press. [PDF]
ATKINSON, R.C. & SHIFFRIN, R.M. (1971). The control of short-term memory. Scientific American, 82-90.
GILLUND, G. & SHIFFRIN, R.M. (1984). A retrieval model for both recognition and recall. Psychological Review, 91, 1-67.
SHIFFRIN, R.M., RATCLIFF, R. & CLARK, S. (1990). The list-strength effect : II. Theoretical mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 16, 179-195.
SHIFFRIN, R.M. & STEYVER, M. (1997). A model for recognition memory : REM : Retrieving effectively from memory. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4 (2), 145-166. [PDF]
Shimamura Arthur Paul (Los angeles 1954-2020 Kailua) : Psychologue cognitivisme américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la mémoire. = Art Shimamura. Collaborateur de Loftus, Nelson, Prinzemetal et Squire.
SHIMAMURA, A.P. (2000). The role of the prefrontal cortex in dynamic filtering. Psychobiology, 28 (2), 207-218.
SHIMAMURA, A.P. (2000). Toward a cognitive neuroscience of metacognition. Consciousness & Cognition, 9, 313-323.
SHIMAMURA, A.P. ROSS, J.G. & BENNETT, H.D. (2006). Memory for facial expressions: the power of a smile. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 217-222.
SHIMAMURA, A.P. (2010). Hierarchical relational binding in the medial temporal lobe : The strong get stronger. Hippocampus, 20 (11), 1206-1216.
SHIMAMURA, A.P. (2011). Episodic retrieval and the cortical binding of relational activity. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 11 (3), 277-291.
Shimoff Eliot (1943-2004) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste du conditionnement opérant dans le milieu scolaire. Étudiant de Schoenfeld. Collaborateur de Matthews et Catania.
SHIMOFF, E. (1972). Avoidance responding as a function of stimulus duration and stimulus relationship to free shock. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 17 (3), 451-461. [PDF]
SHIMOFF, E. & MATTHEWS, B.A. (1975). Unequal reinforcer magnitudes and relative preference for cooperation in the dyad. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 24 (1), 1-16. [PDF]
SHIMOFF, E., MATTHEWS, B.A. & CATANIA, A.C. (1986). Human operant performance : Sensitivity and pseudosensitivity to contingencies. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 46 (2), 149-157. [PDF]
SHIMOFF, E. & CATANIA, A.C. (1995). Using computers to teach behavior analysis. Behavior Analyst, 18, 307-316. [PDF]
SHIMOFF, E. & CATANIA, A.C. (2001). Effects of recording attendance on grades in introductory psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 28, 192-195.
Shimp Charles P. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude du comportement de choix et de l'interreponse. Collaborateur de Herbranson.
SHIMP, C.P. (1967). The reinforcement of short interresponse times. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10 (5), 425-434. [PDF]
SHIMP, C.P. (1976). Organisation in memory and behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 26 (1), 113-130. [PDF]
SHIMP, C.P. (1982). Choice and behavioral patterning. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37 (2), 157-169. [PDF]
SHIMP, C.P. (1993). Observation and theory in behavior analysis. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 60 (2), 481-484. [PDF]
SHIMP, C.P. (2001). Behavior as a social construction. Behavioural Processes, 54, 11-32.
 
PITTS, R. (2021). Is Shimp's (2020) approach really less divisive ? Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 115 (2), 604-610.
 
Schein/Schyns/Shins
Edgar H. Schein Phillipe G. Schyns Lisa M. Shin
 
Shin Lisa M. ( ) : Neuropsychologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude du trouble de stress post-traumatique et du rôle de l'amygdale, l'hippocampe et du cortex cingulaire dans le développement de ce trouble. Collaboratrice de Kosslyn, McNally, Milad et Schacter.
SHIN, L.M., McNALLY, R.J., KOSSLYN, S.M., THOMPSON, W.L., RAUCH, S.L., ALPERT, N.M., METZGER, L.J., LASKO, B., ORR, S.P. & PITMAN, R.K. (1999). Regional cerebral blood flow during script-driven imagery in childhood sexual abuse-related posttraumatic stress disorder : A positron emission tomographic investigation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 575-584. [PDF]
SHIN, L.M., ORR, S.P., CARSON, M.A., RAUCH, S.L., MACKLIN, M.L., LASKO, N.B., MARZOL PETERS, P., METZGER, L.J., DOUGHERTY, D.D., CANNISTRARO, P.A., ALPERT, N.M., FISCHMAN, A.J. & PITMAN, R.K. (2004). Regional cerebral blood flow in amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex during traumatic imagery in male and female Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 168-176. [PDF]
SHIN, L.M., SHIN, P.S., HECKERS, S., KRANGEL, T.S., MACKLIN, M.L., ORR, S.P., LASKO, A., SEGAL, E., MAKRIS, N., RICHERT, K., LEVERING, J., SCHACTER, D.L., ALPERT, N.M., FISCHMAN, A.J., PITMAN, R.K. & RAUCH, S.L. (2004). Hippocampal function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Hippocampus, 14, 292-300. [PDF]
SHIN, L.M., BUSH, G., WHALEN, P.J., HANDWERGER, K., CANNISTRARO, P., WRIGHT, C.I., MARTIS, B., MACKLIN, M.L., LASKO, N.B., ORR, S.P., PITMAN, R.K. & RAUCH, S.L. (2007). Dorsal anterior cingulate function in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20, 701-712. [PDF]
SHIN, L.M., BUSH, G., MILAD, M.R., LASKO, N.B., HANDWERGER BROHAWN, K., HUGHES, K.C., MACKLIN, M.L., GOLD, A.L., KARPF, R.D., ORR, S.P., RAUCH, S.L. & PITMAN, R.K. (2011). Exaggerated activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during cognitive interference : A monozygotic twin study of posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 979-985. [PDF]
Shinskey Jeanne L. ( ) : Psychologue britannique et cognitiviste européenne, spécialisée dans l'étude du développement cognitif des enfants. Collaboratrice de Munakata.
SHINSKEY, J.L. (2002). Infants' object search : effects of variable object visibility under constant means' end demands. Journal of Cognition & Development, 3, 119-142.
SHINSKEY, J.L. BOGARTZ, R.S. & POIRIER, C.R. (2000). The effects of graded occlusion on manual search and visual attention in 5- to 8-month-old infants. Infancy, 1, 323-346.
SHINSKEY, J.L. & MUNAKATA, Y. (2001). Detecting transparent barriers : clear evidence against the means' end deficit account of search failures. Infancy, 2, 395-404.
SHINSKEY, J.L. & MUNAKATA, Y. (2003). Are infants in the dark about hidden objects ? Developmental Science, 6, 273-282.
SHINSKEY, J.L. & MUNAKATA, Y. (2005). Familiarity breeds searching : infants reverse their novelty preferences when reaching for hidden objects. Psychological Science, 16, 596-600.
Shiota Michelle ( ) : Psychosociologue américaine et spécialiste de l'étude des émotions, notamment les émotions positives. Collaboratrice de Haidt, John, Keltner et Kendrick.
SHIOTA, M.N., CAMPOS, B. & KELTNER, D. (2003). The faces of positive emotion : Prototype displays of awe, amusement, and pride. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 296-299.
SHIOTA, M.N., KELTNER, D. & JOHN, O.P. (2006). Positive emotion dispositions differentially associated with Big Five personality and attachment style. Journal of Positive Psychology, 1 (2), 61-71.
SHIOTA, M.N., KELTNER, D. & MOSSMAN, A. (2007). The nature of awe : Elicitors, appraisals, and effects on self-concept. Cognition & Emotion, 21 (5), 944-963. [PDF]
SHIOTA, M.N., NEUFELD, S.L., DANVERS, A.F., OSBORNE, E.A., SNG, O. & YEE, C.I. (2014). Positive emotion differentiation : A functional approach. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 8/3, 104-117. [PDF]
SHIOTA, M.N. (2017). The science of positive emotion : You've come a long way, Baby/There's still a long way to go. Emotion Review, 9 (3), 235-237.
Shohamy Daphna ( ) : Neurocognitivste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de l'apprentissage et de la cognition. Collaboratrice de Poldrack.
SHOHAMY, D., MYERS, C.E., GROSSMAN, S., SAGE, J, GLUCK, M.A. & POLDRACK, R.A. (2004). Cortico-striatal contributions to feedback-based learning : converging data from neuroimaging and neuropsychology. Brain, 127, 851-859.
SHOHAMY, D., MYERS, C.E., GEJHMANN, K.D., SAGE, J. & GLUCK, M.A. (2006). L-dopa impairs learning, but spares generalization, in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia, 44 (5), 774-784. [PDF] + [PDF]
SHOHAMY, D. & WAGNER, A.D. (2008). Integrating memories in the human brain : hippocampal-midbrain encoding of overlapping events. Neuron, 60, 378-389. [PDF]
SHOHAMY, D., MYERS, C.E., KALANITHI, J. & GLUCK, M.A. (2008). Basal ganglia and dopamine contributions to probabilistic category learning. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32, 219-236. [PDF]
SHOHAMY, D. & TURK-BROWNE, N.B. (2013). Mechanisms for widespread hippocampal involvement in cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 142 (4), 1159-1170. [PDF]
Shore/Shors
Bridget A. Shore Tracey J. Shors
 
Shore Bridget A. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des troubles alimentaires. Collaboratrice de Deleon, Iwata, Lerman, Fisher, Khang, Pace, Patel, Piazza, Schroeder, Smith et Zarcone.
SHORE, B.A., IWATA B.A., LERMAN, D.C. & SHIRLEY, M.J. (1994). Assessing and programming generalized behavioral reduction across multiple stimulus parameters. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27 (2), 371-384. [PDF]
SHORE, B.A., IWATA, B.A., VOLLMER, T.R., LERMAN, D.C. & ZARCONE, J.R. (1995). Pyramidal staff training in the extension of treatment for severe behavior disorders. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28 (3), 323-332. [PDF]
SHORE, B.A., IWATA, B.A., DELEON, I.G., KAHNG, S.W. & SMITH, R.G. (1997). An analysis of reinforcer substitutability using object manipulation and self-injury as competing responses. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30 (1), 21-41. [PDF]
SHORE, B.A., BABBITT, R.L., WILLIAMS, K.E., COE, D.A. & SNYDER, A. (1998). Use of texture fading in the treatment of food selectivity. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31 (4), 621-633. [PDF]
SHORE, B.A., LEBLANC, D. & SIMMONS, J. (1999). Reduction of unsafe eating in a patient with esophageal stricture. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 32 (2), 225-228. [PDF]
Shors Tracey J. ( ) : Neuropsychologue béhavioriste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de la mémoire, de l'apprentissage, des différences sexuelles et de la neurogénèse. Étudiante de Thompson. Professeur de Dalla et Bangasser. Collaboratrice de Gould.
SHORS, T.J., SEIB, T.B., LEVINE, S. & THOMPSON, R.F. (1989). Inescapable versus escapable shock modulates long-term potentiation in the rat hippocampus. Science, 244, 224-226.
SHORS, T.J. BEYLIN, A. & GOULD, E. (2000). The modulation of Pavlovian memory. Behavioral Brain Research, 110, 39-52. [PDF]
SHORS, T.J., MIESEGEAS, G., BEYLIN, A., ZHAO, M., RIEDEL T. & GOULD E. (2001). Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories. Nature, 410, 372-376. [PDF]
SHORS, T.J. (2004). Memory traces of trace memories : neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and awareness. Trends in Neuroscience, 27, 250-256. [PDF]
SHORS, T.J., ANDERSON, M., CURLIK, D.M. & NOKIA, M. (2012). Use it or lose it : How neurogenesis keeps the brain fit for learning. Behavioral Brain Research, special issue on neurogenesis, 227 (2), 450-458. [PDF]
Shorter Edward Lazare (1941-) : Historien des sciences canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la famille et de la psychiatrie. Collaborateur de Healy.


SHORTER, E. (1981). Naissance de la famille moderne. Paris : Seuil.
SHORTER, E. (1984). Le corps des femmes. Paris : Seuil.
SHORTER, E. (1998). A history of psychiatry : From the era of the asylum to the age of prozac. John Wiley and Sons.
SHORTER, E. (2005). Written in the flesh : A history of desire. University of Toronto Press.
SHORTER, E. (2005). A historical dictionary of psychiatry. Oxford University Press.
Shriberg Lawernce D. ( ) : Neurocognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude des lésions cérébrales, notamment de l'apraxie. Collaborateur de Aram.

SHRIBERG, L.D., ARAM, D.M. & KWATKOWSKI, J. (1997). Developmental apraxia of speech : I. Descriptive and theoretical perspectives. Journal of Speech, Language, & Hearing Research, 40, 273-285.
SHRIBERG, L.D., GREEN, J.R., CAMPBELL, T.F., McSWEENY, J.L. & SCHEER, A.R. (2003). A diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech : The coefficient of variation ratio. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 17, 575-595.
SHRIBERG, L.D., FOURAKIS, M., HALL, S.D., KARLSSON, H.B., LOHMEIER, H.L., McSWEENEY, J.L., POTTER, N.L., SCHEER-COHEN, A.R., STRAND, E.A., TILKENS, C.M. & WILSON, D.L. (2010). Extensions to the Speech Disorders Classification System (SDCS). Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 24 (10), 795-824. [PDF]
SHRIBERG, L.D., PAUL, R., BLACK, L. & VAN SANTEN, J. (2011). The hypothesis of apraxia of speech in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 41, 405-426.
SHRIBERG, L.D., STRAND, E.A., FOURAKIS, M., JAKIELSKI, K.J., HALL, S.D., KARLSSON, H.B., MABIE, H.L., McSWEENY, J.L., TILKENS, C.M. & WILSON, D.L. (2017). A diagnostic marker to discriminate childhood apraxia of speech From speech delay : I. Development and description of the pause marker. Journal of Speech, Language, &  Hearing Research, 60  (S), 1096–1117. [PDF]
Shtulman Andrew ( ) : Psychologue spécialisé dans l'étude du raisonnement scientifique et des croyances, notamment les croyances religieuses et anti-scientifique. Collaborateur de Barlev, Lindeman, McPethre et Valdesolo.
 SHTULMAN, A. (2006). Qualitative differences between naive and scientific theories of evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 170-194. [PDF]
 SHTULMAN, A. & CAREY, S. (2007). Improbable or impossible ? How Children reason about the possibility of extraordinary events. Child Development, 78 (3), 1015-1032.[PDF]
 SHTULMAN, A. (2009). The development of possibility judgment within and across domains. Cognitive Development, 24, 293-309. PDF]
 SHTULMAN, A. & YOO, R. I. (2015). Children's understanding of physical possibility constrains their belief in Santa Claus. Cognitive Development, 34, 51-62. [PDF]
 SHTULMAN, A. (2022). Religion as a testing ground for cognitive science. Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion, 7, 200-212. [PDF]
Shull/Schultz//Shultz/Schütz/Schutz/Shutts
Duane P. Schultz Wolfram Schultz William C. Shutz
Johannes H. Shultz Alfred Schütz Kristin Shutts
Richard L. Shull Thomas R. Shultz Kristin Shutts
 
Shull Richard L. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste du conditionnement opérant, notamment des programmes de renforcement et des délais de renforcement. Collaborateur de Balsam, Branch, Brownstein, Fantino, Gollub, Hursh, Mazur, Pitts et Pliskoff.
SHULL, R.L. & PLISKOFF, S.S. (1967). Changeover delay and concurrent schedules : some effects on relative performance measures. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 10 (6), 517-527. [PDF]
SHULL, R.L. (1981). Delay or rate of food delivery as determiners of response rate. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 35 (2), 129-143. [PDF]
SHULL, R.L. (1992). Choice between fixed-interval schedules : Graded versus step-like choice functions. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 58 (1), 37-45. [PDF]
SHULL, R.L. (1999). Statistical inference in behavior analysis : Discussant's remarks. The Behavior Analyst, 22 (2), 117-121. [PDF]
SHULL, R.L. & GRIMES, J.A. (2006). Resistance to extinction following variable-interval reinforcement : reinforcer rate and amount. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 85 (1), 23-39. [PDF]
Shulman Lee S. (Chicago 1938-) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation.
SHULMAN, L.S. (1974). The psychology of school subjects: A premature obituary ? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2 (4), 319-339.
SHULMAN, L.S. (1981). Disciplines of inquiry in education : An overview. Educational Researcher 10 (6), 5-12, 23.
SHULMAN, L.S. (1987). Knowledge and teaching : Foundations of the new reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57 (1), 1-22.
SHULMAN, L.S. (1998). Theory, practice, and the education of professionals. The Elementary School Journal, 98 (5), 511-526.
SHULMAN, L.S. (2000). Teacher development : Roles of domain expertise and pedagogical knowledge. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21 (1), 129-135.
GROSSMANN, P. & WINEBURG, S. (2001). Lee Shulman. In J.A. Palmer (Ed.), Fifty modern thinkers on education : From Piaget to the present. New York : Routledge.
FALK, B. (2006). A conversation with Lee Shulman : Signature pedagogies for teacher education : Defining our practices and rethinking our preparation. The New Educator, 2, 73-82.
Shultz Thomas R. ( ) : Psychologue connexioniste québécois et spécialiste de l'étude du développement cognitif, notamment de la catégorisation et de la sériation (ordonner). Il enseigne à l'Université Mcgill. Collaborateur de Mareschal.
SHULTZ, T.R., MARESCHAL, D. & SCHMIDT, W.C. (1994). Modeling cognitive development on balance scale phenomena. Machine Learning, 16, 57-86.
SHULTZ, T.R. (1998). A computational analysis of conservation. Developmental Science, 1, 103-126. [PDF]
SHULTZ, T.R. & MARESCHAL, D. (1997). Rethinking innateness, learning, and constructivism. Cognitive Development, 12, 563-586.
SHULTZ, T.R. (2012). A constructive neural-network approach to modeling psychological development. Cognitive Development, 27, 383-400.
SHULTZ, T.R. & NOBANDEGANI, A.S. (2022). A computational model of infant learning and reasoning with probabilities. Psychological Review, 129 (6), 1281-1295. [PDF]
Shutts Kristin ( ) : Psychosociologue américaine d'origine néerlandaise et spécialiste de l'étude des préférences,notamment ethnique et raciale. Collaboratrice de Devines, Sierksma et Spelke.
SHUTTS, K., KEEN, R. & SPELKE, E.S. (2006). Object boundaries influence toddlers’ performance in a search task. Developmental Science, 9 (1), 97-107.
SHUTTS, K., KINZLER, K.D., KATZ, R.C., TREDOUX, C. & SPELKE, E.S. (2011). Race preference in children : insights from South Africa. Developmental Science, 14 (6), 1283–1291. [PDF]
SHUTTS, K. (2015). Young children’s preferences : Gender, race, and social status. Child Development Perspectives, 9, 262-266.
SIERKSMA, J., LANSU, T.A., KARREMANS, J. & BIJLSTRA, G. (2018). Children’s helping behavior in an ethnic inter-group context : Evidence for outgroup helping. Developmental Psychology, 54, 916-928.
SHUTTS, K. (2020). When helping hurts : Children think groups that receive help are less smart. Child Development, 91 (3), 715-723. [PDF]
Shweder Richard A. (1945-) : Anthropologue américain et chef de file de la psychologie culturelle. Collaborateur de Fiske et Markus.
SHWEDER, R.A. & LEVINE, R.A. (Eds.) (1984). Culture theory : Essays on mind, self, and emotion. New York : Cambridge University Press.
SHWEDER, R.A. & FISKE, D.W. (Eds.) (1986). Metatheory in social science : Pluralisms and subjectivities. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press.
SHWEDER, R.A. (2000). The psychology of practice and the practice of the three psychologies. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 3, 207-222.
SHWEDER, R.A., MINOW, M. & MARKUS, H. (Eds.) (2002). Engaging cultural differences : The multicultural challenge in liberal democracies. New York : Russell Sage Foundation Press.
SHWEDER, R.A. (2003). Why do men barbecue ? : Recipes for cultural psychology. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
SH - SIDANIUS - SIEGEL - SIGNE - SIGNIFICATION - SILHOUETTE - SIMILARITÉ - SIMON - SINGE - SINGER - SITE INTERNET - SKINNER - SL
Si, donc, alors : Voir Raisonnement conditionnel. If.


    BYRNE, R.M.J. & JOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N. (2009). "If" and the problems of conditional reasoning. Trends in Cognitive Science, 13, 282-287.

Voir aussi Raisonnement conditionnel
SIB/SIBIS : Voir Automutilation. Self-Injurious Behavior/Self-Injurious Behavior Inhibiting System Inhibiting
Sida : Sidatique : Sidéen : Maladie chronique, découverte en 1983 par Montagnier et Barré-Sinoussi, causée par le virus d'immunodéficience humaine (VIH), qui rend les gens atteints vulnérables aux infections et aux cancers. Tous les porteurs de ce virus ne développent pas la maladie. Il convient aussi de préciser qu'on ne meurt jamais du sida, mais d'une infection ou d'un cancer qui se développe en raison de l'affaiblissement du système immunitaire. Finalement, rappelons que malgré l'existence de nouveaux traitements fort efficaces, comme la tri-thérapie, qui améliorent l'état de santé des sidéens/sidatiques et augmentent leur espérance de vie, cette maladie est toujours mortelle. NDLR : La personne atteinte du sida est un sidéen ou une sidatique. = Syndrome d'Immuno-Déficience Acquise. *VIH. AIDS.
   
BARRÉ-SINOUSSI, F., CHERMANN, J.C., REY, F., NUGEYRE, M.T., CHAMARET, S., GRUEST, J., DAUGUET, C., AXLER-BLIN, C., VÉZINET-BRUN, F., ROUZIOUX, C., ROZENBAUM, W. & MONTAGNIER, L. (1983). Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science, 220 (4599), 868-871. GERRARD, M., GIBBONS, F.X. & BUSHMAN. B.J. (1996). The relation between perceived vulnerability to HIV and precautionary sexual behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 119 (3), 390-409. [PDF]
DIAMOND, M., IKEGAMI, C. & THORNE, D. (1988). AIDS : sex, love, disease. Tokyo : Gendai Shokan. WHALEN, C.K., HENKER, B., HOLLINGSHEAD, J. & BURGESS, S. (1996). Parent-adolescent dialogues about AIDS. Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 343-357.
COX, T. (1988). AIDS and stress. Work & Stress, 2, 109-112. SCHELLENBERG, E.G. & BEM, S.L. (1998). Blaming people with AIDS : Who deserves to be sick ? Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 3, 65-80. [PDF]
DICLEMENTE, R.J. (1991). Predictors of HIV-preventive sexual behavior in a high-risk adolescent population : the influence of perceived peer norms and sexual communication on incarcerated adolescents' consistent use of condoms. Journal of Adolescent Health, 12, 385-390.  
MARCHANT-HAYCOC, S.E., McMANUS, I.C. & WILSON, G.D. (1991). Left-handedness, homosexuality, HIV infection and AIDS. Cortex, 27, 49-56. [PDF] HAMERS, F.F., DOWNS, A.M., INFUSO, A. & BRUNET, J.-B. (1998). Diversity of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Europe. AIDS, 12 (S), S63-S70.
BURGESS, A.W. & BAKER, T. (1992). AIDS and victims of sexual assault. Hospital & Community Psychiatry, 43 (5), 447-448. GARCIA-MORENO, C. & WATTS, C. (2000). Violence against women : Its importance for HIV/AIDS. AIDS, 14 (3), 253-265.
MARTIN, B. (1993). Peer review and the origin of AIDS -- a case study in rejected ideas. BioScience, 43 (9), 624-627. [LIRE] BOGART, L.M. & BIRD, S.T. (2003). Exploring the relationship of conspiracy beliefs about HIV/AIDS to sexual behaviors and attitudes among African American adults. Journal of the National Medical Association, 95, 1057-1065.
DICLEMENTE, R.J. (1993). Confronting the challenge of AIDS among adolescents : directions for future research. Journal of Adolescent Research, 8, 156-166. RABKIN, J.G., McELHINEY, M., FERRANDO, S., VAN GORP, W. & LIN, S. (2004). Predictors of employment of men with HIV/AIDS : A longitudinal study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66, 72-78. [PDF]
LINVILLE, P.W., FISCHER, G.W. & FISCHHOFF, B. (1993). AIDS risk perceptions and decision biases. In J.B. Pryor & G.D. Reeder (Eds.), The social psychology of HIV infection (pp. 5-38). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. ALBARRACIN, D., KUMALE, G.T. & JOHNSON, B.T. (2004). Influences of social power and normative support on condom use decisions : a research synthesis. AIDS Care, 16 (6), 700-/723. [PDF]
  ALBARRACIN, D., DURANTINI, D., EARL, A. GUNROE, J.B. & LEEPER, J. (2008). Beyond the most willing audiences : A meta-intervention to increase exposure to HIV-prevention programs by vulnerable populations. Health Psychology, 27 (5), 638-644.
SCHELLENBERG, E.G., KEIL, J.M. & BEM, S.L. (1995). "Innocent victims" of AIDS : Detecting the subtext. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 25, 1790-1800. [PDF] ALBARRACIN, D., LEEPER, J., ALLISON, E. & DURANTINI, M.R. (2008). From brochures to videos to counseling : Exposure to HIV-prevention programs. AIDS & Behavior, 12 (3), 354-362. [PDF]
WHALEN, C.K., HENKER, B., BURGESS, S. & O'NEIL, R. (1995). Young people talk about AIDS : "When you get sick, you stay sick." Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 24, 338-345. ALLISON, E., ALBARRACIN, D. & LEVITT, J.H. (2009). Participation in counseling programs : High-risk participants are reluctant to accept HIV-prevention counseling. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 77 (4), 668-679. [PDF]

MONGKUO, M.Y., LUCAS, N. & TAYLOR, A. (2012). The effects of motivation and knowledge on HIV prevention behavior among historically Black college students : An application of the information- motivation-behavioral skills model. Greener Journal of Medical Sciences, 2 (2), 38-44. [PDF]

Voir aussi Prévention du SIDA et VIH
Sida (Prévention) : Ensemble des pratiques, des mesures et des programmes visant à prévenir le sida.
   
ALBARRACIN, D., DURANTINI, D., EARL, A. GUNROE, J.B. & LEEPER, J. (2008). Beyond the most willing audiences : A meta-intervention to increase exposure to HIV-prevention programs by vulnerable populations. Health Psychology, 27 (5), 638-644.
ALBARRACIN, D., LEEPER, J., ALLISON, E. & DURANTINI, M.R. (2008). From brochures to videos to counseling : Exposure to HIV-prevention programs. AIDS & Behavior, 12 (3), 354-362. [PDF]
ALLISON, E., ALBARRACIN, D. & LEVITT, J.H. (2009). Participation in counseling programs : High-risk participants are reluctant to accept HIV-prevention counseling. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 77 (4), 668-679. [PDF]
MONGKUO, M.Y., LUCAS, N. & TAYLOR, A. (2012). The effects of motivation and knowledge on HIV prevention behavior among historically Black college students : An application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model. Greener Journal of Medical Sciences, 2 (2), 38-44. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Prévention, Sida et Condom
Sidanius James H. (1945-2021) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude des hiérarchies, du racisme et de la dominance sociale. Collaborateur de Bobo, Ekehammar, Kerr, Levin, Malle et Pratto.
SIDANIUS, J. (1978). Cognitive functioning and socio-political ideology : An exploratory study. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 46, 515-530.
SIDANIUS, J. (1985). Cognitive functioning and socio-political ideology revisited. Political Psychology, 6, 637-661.
SIDANIUS, J., PRATTO, F. & BOBO, L. (1996). Racism, conservatism, affirmative action, and intellectual sophistication : A matter of principled conservatism or group dominance ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 70, 476-490.
SIDANIUS, J., PRATTO, F., VAN LAAR, C. & LEVIN, S. (2004). Social dominance theory : Its agenda and method. Political Psychology, 25 (6), 845-880. [PDF]
SIDANIUS, J., SINCLAIR, S. & PRATTO, F. (2006). Social dominance orientation, gender and increasing college exposure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1640-1653.
SHEEHY-SKEFFINGTON, J., KTEILY N.S., HO, A.K. & THOMSEN, L. (2022). James H. (Jim) Sidanius (1945–2021). American Psychologist, 77 (7), 868–869.
Sidman Murray (Boston 1923-2019) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'évitement. Étudiant de Schoenfeld et Keller. Collaborateur d'Iversen.
SIDMAN, M. (1953). Two temporal parameters of the maintenance of avoidance behavior by the white rat. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 46 (4), 253-261.
SIDMAN, M. (1959). Behavioral pharmacology. Psychoparmacologia, 1, 1-19.
SIDMAN, M. & TAILBY, W. (1982). Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample : An expansion of the testing paradigm. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37 (1), 5-22. [PDF]
SIDMAN, M., WYNNE, C.K., MAGUIRE, R.W. & BARNES, T. (1989). Functional classes and equivalence classes. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 52 (3), 261-274. [PDF]
SIDMAN, M. (2004). The analysis of human behavior in contex. The Behavior Analyst, 27 (2), 189-195. [PDF]
McLLVANE, W.J. (2010). Comments on Sidman's remarks. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 12, 339-341.
McLLVANE, W.J. & KIEDARAS, J.B. (2012). Some things we learned from Sidman and some we did not (we think). European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 13 (1), 97-109.
Sidowski Joseph B. (1925-) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, méthodologiste et spécialiste de l'étude des usages de l'ordinateur. Collaborateur de Wyckoff.
SIDOWSKI, J.B., WYCKOFF, L.B. & TABORY, L. (1956). The influence of reinforcement and punishment in a minimal social situation. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 52, 115-119.
SIDOWSKI, J.B. (1957). Reward and punishment in the minimal social situation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 318-326.
SIDOWSKI, J. B. & ROSS, S. (1969). Special issue : Instrumentation in psychology. American Psychologist, 24, 187-403.
SIDOWSKI, J.B. (1972). Various uses of minicomputers in psychology. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 4, 43-50.
SIDOWSKI, J.B. (1976). On-line instrumentation in psychology : Dildo or the real thing ? Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 2 (8), 52-56.
Siècle des Lumières : Expression qui ne désigne pas un siècle en particulier, mais plutôt un mouvement intellectuel et social qui se développe au 18e siècle. Ce mouvement combat l'obscurantisme religieux et les superstitions en faisant notamment la promotion de la raison (rationalisme), de la laïcité, des connaissances de la philosophie et la science. On associe également ce mouvement à l'essor de la tolérance, du progrès moral, de la coopération, de la liberté, de l'égalité et de la fraternité entre les peuples. Enlightement.

 

 HONT, J.D. (1974). Hegel et le siècle des Lumières. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.  VOVELLE, M., LEMARCHAND, G., CUBELLS, M. et GILLI, M. (1998). Le siècle des Lumières; l'apogée (1750-1789). Paris.

 BRION, M. (1974). Henry Daussy, Le siècle des Lumières. London : Thames & Hudson.  GRELL, O.P. & PORTER, R. (1999). Toleration in enlightenment Europe. In O.P. Grell & R. Porter. (Eds.), Toleration in enlightenment Europe (pp. 1-23). UK : Cambridge University Press.

 CONLON, P.M. (1983). Le Siècle des Lumières : bibliographie chronologique. Genève : Droz.  HILAIRE-PEREZ, L. (2000). L'invention technique au siècle des Lumières. Paris : Albin Michel.

 PLARD, H. (1986). Morale et vertu au siècle des Lumières. Bruxelles : Éditions de l'Université de Bruxelles.  PY, G. (2004). L'idée d'Europe au Siècle des Lumières. Paris : Vuibert.

 DIDIER, B. (1987). Le siècle des Lumières. Paris : MA Éditions.  BEAUREPAIRE, P.Y. (2004). L'Europe des Lumières. Paris : PUF.

   DELON, M. (2007). Dictionnaire européen des Lumières. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.


Siegel/Siegler
Alexander W. Siegel Shepard Siegel Robert S. Siegler
Linda S. Siegel Sydney Siegel  
 
Siegel Alexander W. ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'adolescence. Collaborateur de Lesgold, Pellegrino et Kail.
SIEGEL, A.W., BABICH, J.M. & KIRASIC, K..C. (1974). Visual recognition memory in reflective and impulsive children. Memory & Cognition, 2 (2), 379-384.
SIEGEL, A.W. & SHADLER, M. (1982). The development of young children's spatial representations of their classrooms. Child Development, 48 (2), 388-394.
SIEGEL, A.W. (1982). Toward a social ecology of cognitive mapping. New Directions for Child & Adolescent Development , 15, 83-94.
SIEGEL, A.W., COUSINS, J.H., RUBOVITS, D.S., PARSONS, J.T., LAVERY, B. & CROWLEY, C.L. (1994). Adolescents' perceptions of the benefits and risks of their own risk-taking. Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 2, 89-98.
SIEGEL, A.W. & SCOVILL, L.R. (2000). Problem behavior : The double symptom of adolescence. Development & Psychopathology, 12 (4), 763-793.
Siegel Gerald M. (1932-2014) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la parole et du bégaiement. = Jerry Siegel. Collaborateur deKuhl et Martin
SIEGEL, G.M. & MARTIN, R.R. (1965). Experimental modification of disfluency in normal speakers. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 8, 235-244.
SIEGEL, G.M. & MARTIN, R.R. (1967). Verbal punishment of disfluencies during spontaneous speech. Language & Speech, 10 (4), 244-251.
SIEGEL, G.M., LENSKE, J. & BROEN, P. (1969). Suppression of normal speech disfluencies through response cost. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2 (4), 265-276. [PDF]
SIEGEL, G.M. (1970). Punishment, stuttering and disfluency. Journal of Speech & Hearing Research, 13 , 677-714.
SIEGEL, G.M. (1987). The limits of science in communication disorders. Journal of Speech & Hearing Disorder, 52, 306-312.
INGHAM, R. (2015). Gerald M. Siegel (1932-2014) : A tribute. Journal of Fluency Disorders, 43, 54-56. [PDF]
Siegel Linda S. (Washington 1942-) : Psychologue cognitiviste européenne, d'origine canadienne, et spécialiste de l'étude du développement cognitif, notamment de la dyslexie. Elle a critiqué l'usage des test d'intelligence (IQ) pour diagnostiquer les troubles d'apprentissage. Collaboratrice de Chiappe, Sprenger-Charolles, Stanovich et Ziegler.
SIEGEL, L.S. (1972). Development of the concept of seriation. Developmental Psychology, 6 (1), 135-137. [PDF]
SIEGEL, L.S. (1989). I.Q. is irrelevant to the definition of learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 469-478.
SIEGEL, L.S. & SMYTHE, I.S. (2005). Reflections on research on reading disability with special attention to gender issues. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 5, 473-477.
SIEGEL, L.S. (2007). Perspectives on dyslexia. Paediatrics & Child Health, 11, 581-588.
SIEGEL, L.S. (2012). Confessions and reflections of the Black Sheep of the learning disabilities field. Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties, 17 (2), 63-77.
Siegel Shepard ( ) : Psychologue cognitivo-béhavioriste canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la détection du signal. Il s'intéressance aussi à l'effet de tolérance aux drogues. Collaborateur de Allan et Wagner.
SIEGEL, S. & WAGNER, A.R. (1963). Extended acquisition training and resistance to extinction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66 (3), 308-310.
SIEGEL, S. (1975). Evidence from rats that morphine tolerance is a learned response. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 89 (5), 498–506.
SIEGEL, S.L., ALLAN, G. & HANNAH, S.D. (2009). Applying signal detection theory to contingency assessment. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4 116-134. [PDF]
SIEGEL, S. (2005). Drug tolerance, drug addiction, and drug anticipation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 296-300.
SIEGEL, S. (2008). Learning and the wisdom of the body. Learning & Behavior, 36, 242-252.
Siegel Sydney (New York 1916-1961) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste des statistiques non-paramétriques et de la théorie de la décision. Collaborateur de Tukey.
SIEGEL, S. (1956). Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York : McGraw-Hill.
SIEGEL, S. (1957). Nonparametric statistics. The American Statistician, 11 (3), 13-19. [PDF]
SIEGEL, S. & GOLDSTEIN, D.A. (1959). Decision making behavior in a two-choice uncertain outcome situation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 37-42.
SIEGEL, S. & FOURAKER, L.B. (1960). Bargaining and group decision making. New York : McGraw Hill.
SIEGEL, S. & TUKEY, J.W. (1960). A nonparametric sum of ranks procedure for relative spread in unpaired samples. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55, 429-445.
Siegler Robert S. (Chicago 1949-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et spécialiste de l'étude du développement cognitif.
SIEGLER, R.S. (1976). Three aspects of cognitive development. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 481-520. [PDF]
SIEGLER, R.S. (1981). Developmental sequences within and between concepts. Society for Research in Child Development Monographs, 46 (Whole No. 189)
SIEGLER, R.S. & CROWLEY, K. (1991). The microgenetic method : A direct means for studying cognitive development. American Psychologist, 46, 606-620.
SIEGLER, R.S. (2000). The rebirth of children’s learning. Child Development, 71, 26-35.
SIEGLER, R.S., THOMPSON, C.A. & SCHNEIDER, M. (2011). An integrated theory of whole number and fractions development. Cognitive Psychology, 62, 273-296.
Siemens
George Siemens Hermann Werner Siemens
 
Siemens George ( ) : Spécialiste canadien des TIC et de l'apprentissage à distance pour tous (MOOC).
SIEMENS, G. (2005). Connectivism : A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology & Distance Learning, 2 (1), 3-10. [LIRE]
SIEMENS, G. (2006). Knowing knowpledge. [PDF]
 

 
Siemens Hermann Werner (Charlottenburg 1891-1969) : Médecin et dermatologue allemand. Il a développé la méthode de comparaison des jumeaux.
SIEMENS, H.W. (1924). Race hygiene and heredity. New York : D. Appleton and company
SIEMENS, H.W. (1924). Die Zwillingspathologie : ihre Bedeutung, ihre Methodik, ihre bisherigen Ergebnisse. Berlin : Springer.
SIEMENS, H.W. (1927). The diagnosis of identity in twins. Journal of Heredity, 18 (5), 201-209.

 
Sierksma Jellie ( ) : Psychosociologue américaine d'origine néerlandaise et spécialiste du comportement d'aide, notamment entre ethnies. Collaboratrice de Shutts, Thijs et Verkuyten.
SIERKSMA, J., THIJS, J., VERKUYTRN, M. & KOMTER, A. (2014). Children's reasoning about the refusal to help : The role of need, costs, and social perspective taking. Child Development, 85, 1134-1149.
SIERKSMA, J., THIJS, J. & VERKUYTRN, M.(2014). Children’s intergroup helping : The role of empathy and peer group norms. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 126, 369-383.
SIERKSMA, J., KLOOTWIJK, C.L.T. & LEE, N.C. (2022). Prosocial choices : How do young children evaluate considerate and inconsiderate behavior ? Developmental Psychology, 58 (11), 2013-2021. [PDF]
SIERKSMA, J., LANSU, T.A., KARREMANS, J. & BIJLSTRA, G. (2018). Children’s helping behavior in an ethnic inter- group context : Evidence for outgroup helping. Developmental Psychology, 54, 916–928.
SIERKSMA, J. & SHUTTS, K. (2020). When helping hurts : Children think groups that receive help are less smart. Child Development, 91 (3), 715-723. [PDF]
Siewert Charles ( ) : Philosophe américain. Il s'intéresse à l'expérience et à la conscience.
SIEWERT, C. (2002). Is visual experience rich or poor ?  Journal of Consciousness Studies, 9 (5-6), 131-140.
SIEWERT, C. (2011). In favor of (plain) phenomenology. Phenomenology & the Cognitive Sciences, 6, 201-220.
SIEWERT, C. (2011). Embodied consciousness and the explanatory gap. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 18 (5-6), 117-138.
SIEWERT, C. (2014). Is experience transparent ? Philosophical Studies, 17, 15-41.
SIEWERT, C. (2014). What Dennett can't imagine and why. Inquiry, 36, 96-112.
Sigafoos Jeff ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste néo-zélandais et spécialiste de l'étude des comportements verbaux (mand, tact) et des troubles envahissants du développement. Collaborateur de Lancioni, Lang, O'Reilley et Singh.
 SIGAFOOS, J., DOSS, S. & REICHLE, J. (1989). Developing mand and tact repertoires in persons with severe developmental disabilities using graphic symbols. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 10, 183-200.
 SIGAFOOS, J., REICHLE, J., DOSS, S., HALL, K. & PETIT, L. (1990). "Spontaneous" transfer of stimulus control from tact to mand contingencies. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 11, 165-176.
 SIGAFOOS, J. & DEMPSEY, R. (1992). Assessing choice making among children with multiple disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 747-755. [PDF]
 SIGAFOOS, J., GREEN, V.A., SCHLOSSER, R., O'REILLY, M F., LANCIONI, G.E., RISPOLI, M. & LANG, R. (2009). Communication intervention in Rett syndrome : A systematic review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 3, 304-318.
 SIGAFOOS, J., GREEN, V.A., PAYNE, D., SON, S.H., O'REILLY, M.F. & LANCIONI, G.E. (2009). A comparison of picture exchange and speech generating devices : Acquisition, preference, and effects on social interaction. Augmentative & Alternative Communication, 25, 99-109.
Sighele Scipio (1868-1913) : Criminologue italien et pionnier de l'étude de la délinquance et des foules.
SIGHELE, S. (1892). La foule criminelle : essai de psychologie collective.
 
 
 
 
Sigman Marian (1941-2012) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste de l'autisme. Collaboratrice de Ozonoff, Rogers et Zwaigenbaum.

SIGMAN, M. & UNGERER, J. (1984). Cognitive and language skills in autistic mentally retarded and normal children. Developmental Psychology, 20, 293-302.
SIGMAN, M. (1998). Change and continuity in the development of children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 39, 817-827.
SIGMAN, M., RUSKIN, E., CORONA, R., DISSANAYAKE, C., ESPINOSA, M., KIM, N., LOPEZ, A. & ZIERHUT, C. (1999). Continuity and change in the social competence of children with autism, Down syndrome, and developmental delays. Mongraphs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64 (1), 1-114.
SIGMAN, M. et SPENCE, S.J. (2005). L'autisme et son impact sur le développement des jeunes enfants. In R.E. Tremblay, R.G. Barr, RDeV Peters (Eds.), Encyclopédie sur le développement des jeunes enfants (p 1-6). Montréal, Québec : Centre d'excellence pour le développement des jeunes enfants. [PDF]
SIGMAN, M. & McGOVERN, C.W. (2005). Improvement in cognitive and language skills from preschool to adolescence in autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 35 (1), 15-23.
Signal : Comportement ou réaction qui communique un état (état de santé, statut social, force, etc) ou une intention de comportement (attaque, menace, etc). Signal.
   
GRAFEN, A. (1990). Biological signals as handicaps. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 144, 517-546. MUELLER, U. & MAZUR, A. (1997). Facial dominance in Homo sapiens as honest signaling of male quality. Behavioral Ecology, 8 (5), 569-579. [PDF]
ROWLAND, W.J., BAUDE, C.L. & HORAN, T.T. (1991). Signalling of sexual receptivity by pigmentation pattern in female sticklebacks. Animal Behavior, 42, 243-249. HASSON, O. (1997). Towards a general theory of biological signaling. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 185, 139-156.
  THEALL, L.A. & POVINELLI, D.J. (1999). Do chimpanzees tailor their gestural signals to fit the attentional states of others ? Animal Cognition, 2, 207-214.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1991). Honest signalling : the Philip Sidney game. Animal Behaviour, 42, 1034-1035. MAYNARD SMITH, J. & HARPER, D. (2003). Animal signals. New York, NY : Oxford University Press.
  RHODES, G., CHAN, J., ZEBROWITZ, L.A. & SIMMONS, L.W. (2003). Dos sexual dimorphism in human faces signal health ? Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B : Biological Sciences, 270 (S), 9-95. [PDF]
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1994). Must reliable signals always be costly ? Animal Behaviour, 47, 1115-1120. TOWNSEND, J.T. & HONEY, C.J. (2007). Consequences of base time for redundant signals experiments. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 51, 242-265. [PDF]
GUILFORD, T. & DAWKINS, M.S. (1995). What are conventional signals ? Animal Behaiour, 49, 168-1695. TIBBETTS, E.A. & LINDSAY, R. (2008). Visual signals of status and rival assessment in Polistes dominulus paper wasps. Biology Letters, 6, 237-239. [PDF]
  TIBBETTS, E.A., METTLER, A. & LEVY, S. (2010). Mutual assessment via visual status signals in Polistes dominulus wasps. Biology Letters, 6 (1), 10-13. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Communication
Signe : Le signe est la réunion arbitraire d'un signifié (concept) et d'un signifiant collectif (le son, l'image ou le comportement produit pour désigner ce concept). EX: Le mot chien est un signe pour un enfant qui a compris qu'un chien fait toujours wouf (concept) et que cLe son "chien" est utilisé dans son milieu pour désigner tous les animaux qui font wouf. Pour un anglophone, le son serait différent (dog) mais le concept serait équivalent. Le signe est donc arbitraire car il varie selon les langues et les cultures ( = non-motivé). La signification du signe est collective puisque déterminée par les usages formels (dictionnaire, grammaire, etc) et informels (mode langagière, expressions nouvelles, etc) de la communauté verbale (valeur communicative) et non par le locuteur. Il peut s'agir d'un mot (chien), d'un icone (:0) ou d'un comportement (signe de croix, doigt d'honneur, etc). La fonction première du signe est de représenter un objet, mais il peut aussi jouer le rôle d'indice ou de symptôme. *symbole. Sign.



ANDRESEN, J. (1983). Signs and systems in Condillac and Saussure. Semiotica, 44 (3-4), 259-281.
  DEPECKER, L. (2000). Le signe entre signifié et concept. In H Béjoint et P. Thoiron (Eds.), Le sens en terminologie. Presses universitaires de Lyon : Lyon.
Signe avant-coureur : Signe ou indice qui apparaît avant que se manifeste une maladie physique ou mentale. Si ce signe s'observe facilement et apparaît fréquemment, il peut devenir un prédicteur. Signe avant-coureur, prédicteur et prodrome. signes avant-coureurs d'une maladie physique ou mentale.= signe précurseur. Precursor.
   
EATON, W.W., BAFAWI, M. & METTON, B. (1995). Prodromes and precursors : epidemiologic data for primary prevention of disorders with slow onset. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 967-972.
McGORRY, P.D, McKENZIE, D., JACKSON, H.J., WADDELL, F. & CURRY, C. (2000). Can we improve the diagnostic efficiency and predictive power of prodromal symptoms for schizophrenia ? Schizophrenia Research, 42 (2), 91-100. [PDF]
Signe de Babinski : Réflexe cutané plantaire, dont l'inversion constitue un signe ou un symptôme d'une atteinte du système pyramidal contrôlant la motricité fine. Babinski sign.
   
BABINSKI, J. (1896). Sur le réflexe cutané plantaire dans certaines affections organiques du système nerveux central. Comptes Rendus des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie, 48, 207-208. VAN GIJN, J. (1978). The Babinski sign and the pyramidal syndrome.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 41, 865-873.
BABINSKI, J. (1898). Du phénomène des orteils et de sa valeur sémiologique. Seminaire Médicale, 18, 321-322. VAN GIJN, J. (1996). The Babinski sign - A Centenary. Utrecht : Universiteit Utrecht.
BABINSKI, J. (1903). De l'abduction des orteils (signe de l'éventail). Revue Neurologique (Paris), 11, 1205-1206. VAN GIJN, J. (1996). The Babinski sign : The first hundred years. Journal of Neurology, 243 (10), 675-683.
VAN GIJN, J. (1975). Babinski response : stimulus and effector.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 38, 180-186. KUMAR, S.P. & RAMASUBRAMANIAN, D. (2000). The Babinski sign - A reappraisal. Neurology India, 48 (4), 314-318.[PDF]
VAN GIJN, J. & BONKE, B. (1977). Interpretation of plantar reflexes : biasing effects of other signs and symptoms. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, & Psychiatry, 40, 787-789. VAN GIJN, J. (2002). The Babinski sign. Practical Neurology, 42-44. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Réflexe archaïque et Signe de Babinski
Signs : Journal of Women in Cultural & Society : Revue scientifique multidisciplinaire qui consacre ses pages à l'étude du féminisme et des femmes. Éditeur : University of Chicago Press.
DESCARRIES, F. (2014). Language is not neutral : The construction of knowledge in the social sciences and humanities. Signs : Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 7 (3), 564-569.
 
Signifiant : Terme proposé par Saussure pour désigner le son ou l'image acoustique d'un concept (ou signifié). Signifiant et signifié.
   
Significance : Revue scientifique de statistiques. Éditeur : Wiley.
JOHNSON, B.T. & KIRSCH, I. (2008). Interpreting the efficacy of antidepressants : Statistical significance versus clinical benefits. Significance, 5, 54-58.
 
Signification : Meaning, significance.
 
Types de signification
Signification (clinique)/Thérapeutique Signification psychologique Signification latente
Signification logique Signification statistique Signification thérapeutique
 
   
OGDEN, C.K. & RICHARDS, I.A. (1923). The meaning of meaning. New York : Harchourt, Brace & World.
PUTNAM, H. (1975). The meaning of meaning. In K. Gunderson (Ed.), Language, mind and knowledge (pp. 131-193). Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
ECKERT, P. (2012). Three waves of variation study : The emergence of meaning in the study of sociolinguistic variation. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41, 87-100. [PDF]
Signification clinique : Voir Signification thérapeutique. Clinical significance.
Signification logique : Meaning.
   
OGDEN, C.K. & RICHARDS, I.A. (1923). The meaning of meaning. New York : Harcourt, Brace. GRICE, H.P. (1957). Meaning. The Philosophical Review, 64, 377-388.
RUSSELL, B. (1926). The meaning of meaning [Review of C.K. Ogden & I.A. Richards]. Dial, 81, 114-121. GRICE, H.P. (1968). Utterer's meaning, sentence-meaning and word-meaning. Foundations of Language, 4, 225-242.
SCHLICK, M. (1936). Meaning and verification. Philosophical Review, 45, 339-369. [PDF] GRICE, H.P. (1969). Utterer's meaning and intention. The Philosophical Review, 78, 147-177.
CARNAP, R. (1937). Testability and meaning. Reading in Philosophy of Science, 4, 1-40. [PDF] PIAGET, J. (1987). Vers une logique des significations. Geneva : Murionde.
CARNAP, R. (1947). Meaning and necessity : a study in semantics and modal logic. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. LYCAN, W.G. (1994). Modality and meaning. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Studies in Linguistics and Philosophy series.
HEMPEL, C.G. (1959). The empiricist criterion of meaning. in A.J. Ayer (Ed.), Logical positivism. London : Allen & Unwin. ROBERTS, M.D. (2004). Does meaning evolve ? Behavior & Philosophy, 32, 401-426. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Définition, Définition opérationnelle, Concept scientifique et Opérationnaliser
 
Signification psychologique : Meaning.
   
KANTOR, J.R. (1921). An objective interpretation of meanings. American Journal of Psychology, 32, 231-248. SKINNER, B.F. (1973). Reflections on meaning and structure. In R. Brower, H. Vendler & J. Hollander (Eds.), I.A. Richards : Essays in his honor (pp. 199-209). New York : Oxford University Press.
OSGOOD, C.E. (1952). The nature and measurement of meaning. Psychological Bulletin, 49, 197-237 KINTSCH, W. (1974). The representation of meaning in memory. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
STAATS, C.K. & STAATS, A.W. (1957). Meaning established by classical conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54, 74-80. OSGGOD, C.E. (1979). Focus on meaning : Explorations in semantic space. Mouton Publishers.
  REYNA, V.F. (1981). The language of possibility and probability : Effects of negation on meaning. Memory & Cognition, 9, 642-650.
STAATS, A.W., STAATS, C.K. & HEARD, W.G. (1959). Language conditioning of meaning to meaning using a semantic generalization paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 187-192. BRUNER, J.S. (1990). Acts of meaning. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
BERGMANN, G. (1959). Meaning and existence. Madison : University of Wisconsin Press. LOEWER, B. & REY, G. (1991). Meaning in mind : Fodor and his critics. Oxford : Blackwell.
STAATS, A.W. & STAATS, C.K. & HEARD, W.G. (1961). Denotative meaning established by classical conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 300-303. BILGRAMI, A. (1992). Belief and meaning. Oxford : Basil Blackwell.
STAATS, A.W., STAATS, C.K., FINLEY, J.R. & MINKE, K.A. (1963). Meaning established by classical conditioning controlling associates to the UCS. Journal of General Psychology, 69, 247-252. PARTINGTON, A. (1998). Patterns and meanings. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing.
   SHANKWEILER, D. (1999). Words to meanings. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3 (2), 113-127. [PDF]
OSGGOD, C.E., SUCI, G.J. & TANNENBAUM, P.H. (1967). The measurement of meaning. University of Illinois Press. PETERSON, J.B. (1999). Maps of meaning : the architecture of belief. New York : Routledge.
LYKKEN, D.T. (1968). Statistical significance in psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 70, 151-159. BLOOM, P. (2001). Précis of how children learn the meanings of words. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 24, 1095-1103. [PDF]
SIMON, H.A. & SIKLOSSY, L. (Eds.) (1972). Representation and meaning. Englewood Cliffs NJ. : Prentice-Hall, Inc. STEPHENS, L.G. (2001). Mind, brain, and meaning. Inquiry, 44 (2), 227-238.

BOUDEWIJNSE, G.J. (2004). Form and meaning. Gestalt Theory, 26 (1), 151-168.
LABOV, W. (1973). The boundaries of words and their meanings. In C.-J.N. Bailey & R.W. Shuy (Eds.), New ways of analysing variation in english (pp. 340-373). Washington : Georgetown University Press. KINTSCH, W. (2007). Meaning in context. In T.K, Landauer, D.D., McNamara, S., Dennis & W. Kintsch (Eds.), Handbook of latent semantic analysis (pp. 89-105). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
 
Voir aussi Langage
Signification statistique : Terme qui qualifie le résultat d'un test statistique. Il s'agit de l'erreur maximale que le chercheur est disposé à commettre lorsqu'il vérifie une hypothèse statistique. En sciences humaines, ce seuil est habituellement fixé à 0,05 (5 %), parfois à 0,01 (1 %) pour l'erreur alpha et à 0,2 (ou 20 %) pour l'erreur beta. Cette erreur, comparée à la valeur P d'un test statistique, détermine la condition de rejet de l'hypothèse nulle et, par la bande, l'acceptation ou non de l'hypothèse alternative. Différence significative, valeur de P et seuil significatif. = seuil statistique, niveau de P, erreur alpha, seuil statistique. Significance level, statistical significance, p values, p > 05.
 
Décision/Conclusion SI... ALORS... DONC...
Je ne rejette pas l'hypothèse nulle... P > 0.05 % Il n'y a pas de différence significative entre A et B. X n'influence pas Y
Je rejette l'hypothèse nulle... P < 0.05 % J'accepte l'hypothese alternative; il y a une différence significative entre A et B. X influence Y
 
BARTLETT, M.S. (1941). The statistical significance of canonical correlations. Biometrika, 32 (1), 29-37.

BARTLETT, M.S. (1950). Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 3, 77-85.
SKIPPER, J.K., GUENTHER, A.L. & NASS, G. (1967). The sacredness of .05 : A note concerning the uses of statistical levels of significance in social science. The American Sociologist, 2, 16-18. SCHIMDT, F. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology : Implications for the training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1 (2), 115-129. [PDF]
TAKANE, Y. & CRAMER, E.M. (1975). Regions of significance in multiple regression analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 10, 373-383. CHOW, S.L. (1996). Statistical significance : Rationale, validity and utility. London : Sage.
DONNELL, S.M. & HALL, J. (1980). Men and women as managers : A significant case of no significant difference. Organizational Dynamics, 8 (4), 60-77. DANIEL, L.G. (1998), Statistical significance testing : A historical overview of misuse and misinterpretation with implications for the editorial policies of educational journals. Research in the Schools, 5 (2), 23-32.
  NICKERSON, R.S. (1999). Statistical significance testing : Useful tool or bone-headedly misguided procedure ? Review of what if there were no significance tests ? Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 43 (3), 455-471.
ATKINSON, D.R., FURLONG, M.J. & WAMPOLD, B.E. (1982). Statistical significance, reviewer evaluations, and the scientific process : Is there a (statistically) significant relationship ? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 189-194. LAURENCELLE, L. (2000). L'incertitude des seuils statistiques et les limites de tolérance, avec des applications en psychométrie. Lettres statistiques, 11, 1-29.
COWLES, M. & DAVIS, C. (1982). On the origins of the .05 level of statistical significance. American Psychologist, 37, 553-558. DEVANEY, T.A. (2001). Statistical significance, effect size, and replication : What do the journals say ? Journal of Experimental Education, 69, 310-320.
  ARMSTRONG, J.S. (2007). Statistical significance tests are unnecessary even when properly done and properly interpreted : Reply to commentaries. International Journal of Forecasting, 23 (2), 335-336.
THOMPSON, B. (1989). Statistical significance, result importance, and result generalizability : three noteworthy but somewhat different issues. Measurement and evaluation in counselling and development, 22 (1), 2-6. JOHNSON, B.T. & KIRSCH, I. (2008). Interpreting the efficacy of antidepressants : Statistical significance versus clinical benefits. Significance, 5, 54-58.
DAVIDSON, R.A. (1994). Does it work or not ? Clinical vs. statistical significance. Chest, 106, 932-934. FILHO, D.B.F., PARANHOS, R., DA ROCHA, E.C., BATISTA, M. DA SILVA, J.E., SANTOS, M.L.W. & MARINO, J.G. (2013). When is statistical significance not significant ? Brazilian Political Science Review, 7 (1), 31-55. [PDF]
  PETERSON, D. (2016). The baby factory : diffiult research objects, disciplinary standards, and the production of statistical signicance. Socius 2, 1-10.
COHEN, J. (1994). The earth is round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49, 997-1003. [PDF] BENJAMIN, D.J., BERGER, J.O., JOHANNESSON, M., NOSEK, B.A., WAGENMAKERS, E.J., BERK, R., CESARINI, D, CHAMBERS, C.D., CLYDE, M., COOK, T.D., DE BOECK, P., DIENES, Z., DREBER, A., EASWARAN, K., EFFERSON, C., FEHR, E., FIDLER, F., FIELD, A.P., FORSTER, M., GEORGE, E.I., GONZALEZ, R., GOODMAN, S., GREEN, E., GREEN, D.P., GREENWALD, A., HADFIELD, J.D., HEDGES, L.V., HELD, L., HO, T.-H., HOIJTINK, H., JONES, J. H., HRUSCHKA, D.J., IMAI, K., IMBENS, G., IOANNIDIS, J. P.A., JEON, M., KIRCHLER, M., LAIBSON, D., LIST, J., LITTLE, R., LUPIA, A., MACHERY, E., MAXWELL, S.E., MCCARTHY, M., MOORE, D., MORGAN, S.L., MUNAFO, M., NAKAGAWA, S., NYHAN, B., PARKER, T.H., PERICCHI, L., PERUGINI, M., ROUDER, J., ROUSSEAU, J., SAVALEI, V., SCHÖNBRODT, F.D., SELLKE, T., SINCLAIR, B., TINGLEY, D., VAN ZANDT, T., VAZIRE, S., WATTS, D.J., WINSHIP, C., WOLPERT, R.L., XIE, Y., YOUNG, C., ZINMAN, J. & JOHNSON, V.E. (2017). Redefine statistical significance. Nature Human Behaviour, 2, 6-10. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Erreur alpha, Puissance, Ampleur de l'effet, Différence significative, Valeur de P et Hypothèse nulle

Signification thérapeutique : Ensemble de critères et des considérations qui contribue à la décision d'un psychologue ou d'un médecin d'offir ou d'interrompre un traitement, une médication. Ce qu'un clinicien considère comme un changement ou un progrès important ou significatif chez son client/patient. = signification clinique. Clinical significance.
 
KLERGES, R.C. (1982). Confusing clinical and statistical significance ? A reply to Reynolds and Gutkin. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 50, 772-774.  
JACOBSON, N.S., FOLLETTE, W.C., REVENSTORF, D., BAUCOM, D.H., HALWEG, K. & MARGOLIN, G. (1984). Variability in outcome and clinical significance of behavioral marital therapy : A reanalysis of outcome data. Journal of Clinical & Consulting Psychology, 52, 497-504. KRAEMER, H.C., MORGAN, G.A., LEECH, N.L., GLINER, J.A., VASKE, J.J. & HARMON, R.J. (2003). Measures of Clinical Significance. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent, 42 (12), 1524-1529. [PDF]
JACOBSON, N.S. & TRUAX, P. (1991). Clinical significance : A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 59, 12-19. [PDF] RUTLEDGE, T. & LOH, C. (2004). Effect sizes and statistical testing in the determination of clinical significance in behavioral medicine research. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 27, 138-145.
KRAEMER, H.C. (1992). Reporting the size of effects in research studies to facilitate assessment of practical or clinical significance. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 17, 527-536. CISLER, R.A., KOWALCHUK, R.K., SAUNDERS, S.M., ZWEBEN, A. & TRINH, H.Q. (2005). Applying clinical significance methodology to alcoholism treatment trials : Determining recovery outcome status with individual- and population-based measures. Alcoholism : Clinical & Experimental Research, 29, 1991-2000.
DAVIDSON, R.A. (1994). Does it work or not ? Clinical vs. statistical significance. Chest, 106, 932-934. LUTZ, W., SAUNDERS, S.M., LEON, S.C., MARTINOVICH, Z., KOSFELDER, J., SCHULTE, D., GRAWE, K. & THOLEN, S. (2006). Empirically and clinically useful decision making in psychotherapy : The validation of treatment response models with sequential analysis. Psychological Assessment, 18, 133-141.
WEBER, K. (1994). On contrasting clinical and statistical significance. Pediatric Pulmonology, 18, 64-65.   BOWERSOX, N.W., SAUNDERS, S.M. & WOCJIKJ, V. (2009). An evaluation of the utility of statistical versus clinical significance in determining improvement in alcohol/other drug treatment in correctional settings. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 27, 113-129.
JACOBSON, N.S., ROBERTS, L.J., BERNS, S.B. & MCGLINCHEY, J.B. (1999). Methods for defining and determining the clinical significance of treatment effects : description, application, and alternatives. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 67 (3), 300-307. [PDF] MONCRIEFF, J. & KIRSCH, I. (2015). Empirically derived criteria cast doubt on the clinical significance of antidepressant-placebo differences. Contemporary Clinical Trials 43, 60–62.
 
Voir aussi Traitement, Changement et Médicament.
Signification latente : Signification cachée et inconsciente de nos paroles, de nos rêves, etc. Signification latente et interprétation des rêves.
   
Signifié : Terme proposé par Saussure pour désigner une idée ou un concept. Signifié et signifiant. = concept.
   
VERGNAUD, G. (1993). Signifiants et signifiés dans une approche psychologique de la représentation. Les Sciences de l'Education. Les Représentations Graphiques dans l'Enseignement et la Formation, 1 (3), 9-16.
DEPECKER, L. (2000). Le signe entre signifié et concept. In H. Béjoint et P. Thoiron (Eds.), Le sens en terminologie. Lyon : Presses universitaires de Lyon.
Signorelli Nancy ( ) : Spécialiste américaine, d'origine hongroise, de la communication. Elle s'intéresse à l'influence des médias, plus particulièrement aux rôles sexuels à la télévision. Collaboratrice de Gerbner.
SIGNORIELLI, N. & GERBNER, G. (1979). The image of the elderly in prime-time television drama. Generations : Journal of the American Society on Aging, 3 (2), 10-11
SIGNORIELLI, N. (1989). Television and conceptions about sex roles : Maintaining conventionality and the status quo. Sex Roles, 21, 337-356.
SIGNORELLI, N. (1990). Children, television, and gender roles : Messages and impact. Journal of Adolescent Health Care, 11 (1), 50-58.
SIGNORIELLI, N. (2003). Prime-time violence 1993-2001 : Has the picture really changed ? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47 (1), 36-57.
SIGNORIELLI, N. (2004). Aging on television : Messages relating to gender, race, and occupation in prime time. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48 (2), 279-301.
Silberberg Alan ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialisé dans l'étude du renforcement et des programmes de renforcement. Collaborateur de Fantino, Hursh, Schwartz, Suomi et Weatherly.
SILBERGERG, A. & FANTINO, E. (1970). Choice, rate of reinforcement, and the changeover delay. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 12 (2), 187-197. [PDF]
SILBERGERG, A., HAMILTON, B., ZIRIAX, J.M. & CASEY J. (1978). The structure of choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 4 (4), 368–398.
SILBERBERG, A. & ZIRIX, J.M. (1985). Molecular maximiz- ing characterizes choice on Vaughan's (1981) procedure. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43 (1), 83-96. [PDF]
SILBERBERG, A., WIDHOLM, J.J., BRESLER, D., FUJITO, K. & ANDERSON, J..R. (1998). Natural choice in nonhuman primates.Journal of Experimental Psychology : Animal Behavior Processes, 24 (2), 215-228.
SILBERBERG, A., ROMA, P.G., RUGGIERO, A.M. & SUOMI, S.J. (2006). On inequity aversion in nonhuman primates. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 120 (1), Feb 2006, 76
Silence : Absence de bruit ou de parole. dans une situation sociale (conversation, lieu public, etc).
   
WEST, C. & ZIMMERMAN, D.H. (1975). Sex roles, interruptions and silences in conversation. In B. Thorned & N. Henley (Eds.), Language and sex : Difference and dominance (pp. 105-129.). Rowley, Mass. : Newbury House.
WILSON, T.P. & ZIMMERMAN, D.H. (1986). The structure of silence between turns in two-party conversation. Discourse Processes, 9 (4), 375-390.
COPLAN, R., HUGHES, K., ROSE-KRASNOR, L. & BOSACKI, S. (2011). Is silence golden ? Elementary school teachers' strategies and beliefs towards hypothetical shy-quiet and talkative-exuberant children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103 (4), 939-951.

Voir aussi Classe et Gestion de la classe
Silhouette : Forme du corps. Silhouette, silhouette idéale et attirance physique. Body shape.
   
FURNHAM, A. & ALIBHAI, N. (1983). Cross-cultural differences in the perception of female body shapes. Psychological Medicine, 13 (4), 829-837. EPEL, E.S., MCEWEN, B., SEEMAN, T., MATTHEWS, K., CASTELLAZO, G., BROWNELL, K.D., BELL, J. & ICKOVIES, J.R. (2000). Stress and body shape : Stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62, 623- 632.
FURNHAM, A. & RADLEY, S. (1989). Sex differences in the perception of male and female body shapes. Personality & Individual Differences, 10, 653-662. MARKEY, C.N., TINSLEY, B.J., ERICKSEN, A.J., OZER, D.J. & MARKEY, P.M. (2002). Preadolescent's perceptions of females’ body size and shape : Evolutionary and social learning perspectives. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 31 (2), 137-146.
FURNHAM, A., HESTER, C. & WEIR, C. (1990). Sex differences in the preferences for specific female body shapes. Sex Roles, 22, 743-754. CONNOLLY, J., SLAUGHTER, V. & MEALEY, L. (2004). The development of preferences for specific body shapes. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 5-15.
SINGH, D. (1993). Body shape and women's attractiveness. The critical role of waist-to-hip ratio. Human Nature, 4, 297-321. SINGH, D. (2006). Role of body fat and body shape on judgment of female health and attractiveness : An evolutionary perspective. Psychological Topics, 15 (2), 331-350. [PDF]
SINGH, D. (1994). Body fat distribution and perception of desirable female body shape by young black men and women. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16, 289-294. McCABE, M., RICCIARDELLI, L. & RIDGE, D. (2006). Who thinks I need a perfect body ? Perceptions and internal dialogue among adolescents about their bodies. Sex roles, 55 (5-6), 409-419.
FURNHAM, A. & BAGUMA P. (1994). Cross-cultural differences in the evaluation of male and female body shapes. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 15, 81-89. HARRIGER, J.A., CALOGERO, R.M., WITHERINGTON, D.C. & SMITH, J.E. (2010). Body size stereotyping and internalization of the thin ideal in preschool girls. Sex Roles, 63, 609-620. [PDF]
FURNHAM, A. & NORDING, R. (1998). Cross-cultural differences in preferences for specific male and female body shapes. Personality & Individual Differences, 25, 635-648. JULIEN, M. (2013). Psychological and sociological factors influencing consumers's choice of apparel. In M.-E. Faust et Carrier, S. (Eds.), Designing apparel for consumers : the impact of body shape and size. London : Whoodhead Publishing.
 
Voir aussi Silhouette idéal, Rapport taille-hanche, Différence homme-femme et Attirance physique
Silhouette idéale : Silhouette et poids prescrits par les normes et la pression sociale d'une société, à une époque donnée. Chez les femmes, ces normes concernent notamment le rapport taille-hanche, le poids, les seins, les cheveux, etc. Silhouette idéale, image du corps et publicité. = corps parfait, forme idéale. Thin-ideal, body shape ideals, ideal female body shape, desirable body shape, thinness, ideal appearing.
   
GARNER, D.M. & GARFINKEL, P.E., SCHWARTZ, D. & THOMPSON, M. (1980). Cultural expectations of thinness in women. Psychological Reports, 47, 483-491. [PDF]  
FALLON, A.E. & ROZIN, P. (1985). Sex differences in perception of desirable body shape. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 94, 102-105.  
WISEMAN, C.V., GRAY, J.J., MOSIMANN, J.E. & AHRENS, A.H. (1992). Cultural expectations of thinness in women : An update. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 11, 85-89. THOMPSON, J.K. & STICE, E. (2001). Thin-ideal internalization : Mounting evidence for a new risk factor for body-image disturbance and eating pathology. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10 (5), 181-183. [PDF]
COHEN, L.D. & ADLER, N.E. (1992). Female and male perceptions of ideal body shapes : Distorted views among Caucasian college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, 69-79.  
SINGH, D. (1994). Ideal female body shape : Role of body weight and waist-to-hip ratio. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 16, 283-288.  
HARRISON, K. (1997). Does interpersonal attraction to thin media personalities promote eating disorders? Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41, 478–500. TIGGERMANN, M. & SLATER, A. (2003). Thin ideals in music television : A source of social comparison and body dissatisfaction. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35 (1), 48-58.
WIEDERMAN, M.W. & PRYOR, T. (1997). Body dissatisfaction and sexuality among women with bulimia nervosa : The mediating role of drive for thinness. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21 (4), 361-365. [PDF] LABRE, M. (2005). The male body ideal : perspectives of readers and non-readers of tness magazines. The Journal of Men's Health & Gender, 2, 223-229.
CUSUMANO, D.L. & THOMPSON, J.K. (1997). Body image and body shape ideals in magazines : exposure, awareness, and internalization. Sex Roles, 37, 701-721. PARK, S. (2005). The influence of presumed media influence on women's desire to be thin. Communication Research, 32 (5), 594-614.
STICE, E. (1998). Modeling of eating pathology and social reinforcement of the thin-ideal predict the onset of bulimic symptoms. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 36, 931-944. AUSTIN, J.L. & SMITH, J.E. (2008). Thin ideal internalization in Mexican girls : A test of the sociocultural model of eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 41 (5), 448-457.
STICE, E., SPANGLER, D. & AGRAS, W.S. (2001). Exposure to media-portrayed thin-ideal images adversely affects vulnerable girls : a longitudinal experiment. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 20 (3), 270-288. [PDF] LUFF, G.M. & GRAY, J.J. (2009). Complex messages regarding a thin ideal appearing in teenage girls' magazines from 1956 to 2005. Body Image, 6, 133–136
 
Voir aussi Image du corps, Rapport taille-hanche, Satisfaction corporelle, Anorexie et Attirance physique

Silk Joan B. (1963-) : Anthropologue et primatologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude de la cognition animale, notamment chez le babouin et le macaque. Collaboratrice de Alberts, Altmann, Cheney, Povinelli, Seyfarth, Vonk, Wittig et Wrangham.
 SILK, J.B., CHENEY, D.L. & SEYFARTH, R.M. (1996). The form and function of post-conflict interactions among female baboons. Animal Behaviour, 52, 259-268. [PDF]
 SILK, J.B., CHENEY, D.L. & SEYFARTH, R.M. (1999). The structure of social relationships among female savannah baboons in Moremi Reserve, Botswana. Behaviour, 136, 679-703. [PDF]
 SILK, J.B., ALBERTS, S.C. & ALTMANN, J. (2003). Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival. Science, 302, 1231-1234. [PDF]
 SILK, J.B. (2007). Social components of fitness in primate groups. Science, 317, 1347-1351. [PDF]
 SILK, J.B. (2007). The strategic dynamics of cooperation in primate groups. Advances in the Study of Behaviour, 37, 1-42. [PDF]
Sillon : Dépression quasi-linéraire de la surface du cerveau, de profondeur variable. Fissure, sulcus.
 
Types de sillon
Sillon central Sillon intrapariétal Sillon latéral
 
   
Sillon central : Sillon à la jonction des lobes frontal et parietal. Rolando fissure, central sulcus.
   
HOPKINS, W.D., MEGUERDITCHIAN, A., COULON, A., BOGART, S., MANGIN, J.F., SHERWOOD, C.S., GRABOWSKI, M.W., BENNETT, A.J., PIERRE, P.J., FEARS, S., WOODS, R., HOF, P.R. & VAUCLAIR, J. (2014). Evolution of central sulcus morphology in primates. Brain, Behavior & Evolution, 84, 19-30. [PDF]
Sillon intrapariétal : Sillon quasi-linéraire à la surface du lobre parietal du cerveau. Intraparietal sulcus.
   
PIAZZA, M., IZARD, V., PINEL, P., LE BIHAN, D. & DEHAENE, S. (2004). Tuning curves for approximate numerosity in the human intraparietal sulcus. Neuron, 44, 547-555.
ANSARI, D. & DHITAL, B. (2006). Age-related changes in the activation of the intraparietal sulcus during nonsymbolic magnitude processing : an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 18, 1820-1828.
XU, Y. (2007). The role of the superior intraparietal sulcus in supporting visual short-term memory for multifeature objects. Journal of Neuroscience, 27 (43), 11676-11686.
DORMAL, V, ANDRES, M, DORMAL, G, PESENTI, M. (2010). Mode-dependent and mode- independent representations of numerosity in the right intraparietal sulcus. Neuroimage, 52, 1677-1686.
Sillon latéral : Sillon à la jonction des lobes frontal et parietal de chaque côté (hémisphère) du cerveau. Sylvius fissure, sylvian fissure , lateral sulcus.



RUBENS, A.B., MAHOWALD, M.W., HUTTON, J.T. (1976). Asymmetry of the lateral (sylvian) fissures in man. American Academy of Neurology, 26 (7), 620.
  FALKAI, P., BOGERTS, B., GREVE, B., PFEIFFER, U., MACHUS, B., FÔLSCH-REETZ, B. & OVARY, I. (1992). Loss of sylvian fissure asymmetry in schizophrenia : A quantitative post mortem study. Schizophrenia Research, 7 (1), 23-32.
Silva/Silvia
Alcino J. Silva Phil A. Silva Paul J. Silvia
 
Silva Alcino J. (1961-) : Neurobiologiste américain d'origine portugaise. Collaborateur de Bickle.
SILVA, A.J. & WHITE, R. (1988). Inheritance of allelic blueprints for methylation patterns. Cell, 54 (2), 145-152.
SILVA, A.J. STEVENS, C.F., TONEGAWA, S., AND WANG, Y. (1992). Deficient hippocampal long-term potentiation in ?-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science 257, 201-206.
SILVA, A.J., STEVENS, C.F., TONEGAWA, S. & WANG, Y. (1992). Impaired spatial learning in ?-calcium-calmodulin kinase II mutant mice. Science, 257, 206-211.
SILVA, A.J., ROSAHL, T.W., CHAPMAN, P.F., MAROWITZ, Z., FRIEDMAN, E., FRANKLAND, P.W., CESTARI, V., CIOFFI, D., SUDHOF, T.C. & BOURTCHULADZE, R. (1996). Impaired learning in mice with abnormal short-lived plasticity. Current Biology, 6 (11), 1509-1518.
SILVA, A.J. FRANKLAND, P.W., MAROWITZ, Z., FRIEDMAN, E., LASZLO, G.S., CIOFFI, D. JACKS, T. & BOURTCHULADZE, R. (1997). A mouse model for the learning and memory deficits associated with neurofibromatosis type I. Nature Genetics, 15 (3), 281-284.
Silva Phil A. ( ) : Psychologue néo-zélandais. Il est le principal auteur de la recheche longitudinale de Dunedin. Collaborateur de Caspi, Langley, Moffitt, Rutter et Poulton.
SILVA, P.A. (1976). The value of long-term follow-up following perinatal problems. Bulletin of the Post Graduate Committee in Medicine, Special Issue, 153-162.
SILVA, P.A. & BRADSHAW, J. (1980). Some factors contributing to intelligence at age of school entry. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 50 (50), 11-16.
SILVA, P.A. WILLIAMS, S.M., STEWART, A.C. (1981). Immunisations in the fifth year of life : A report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. New Zealand Medical Journal, 93 (680), 180-181.
SILVA, P.A. (1982). The Dunedin multidisciplinary child development study and child health policy in New Zealand. In T.E. Jordan (Ed.), Child development, information and the formation of public policy : an international perspective (pp 224-234). Springfield : Charles C Thomas
SILVA, P.A. (1990). The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study : a 15 year longitudinal study. Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology, 4 (1), 76-107.
Silverman Kenneth ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain, spécialisé en pharmacologie béhaviorale, notamment dans l'étude de l'abstinence, du sevrage et de la dépendance aux drogues. Collaborateur de Bigelow, Higgins, Schuster et Stitzer.
SILVERMAN, K., CHUTUAPE, M.A., SVIKIS, D.S., BIGELOW, G.E. & STITZER, M.L. (1995). Incongruity between occupational interests and academic skills in drug abusing women. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 40 (2), 115-123.
SILVERMAN, K., CHUTUAPE, M.A., BIGELOW, G.E. & STITZER, M.L. (1996). Voucher-based reinforcement of attendance by unemployed methadone patients in a job skills training program. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 41 (3), 197-207.
SILVERMAN, K., HIGGINS, S.T., BROONER, R.K., MONTOYA, I.D., CONE, E.J., SCHUSTER, C.R. & PRESTON, K.L. (1996). Sustained cocaine abstinence in methadone maintenance patients through voucher-based reinforcement therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 53 (5), 409-415.
SILVERMAN, K. (2004). Exploring the limits and utility of operant conditioning in the treatment of drug addiction. The Behavior Analyst, 23 (2), 209-230. [PDF]
SILVERMAN, K., WONG, C.J., NEEDHAM, M., DIEMER, K.N., KNEALING, T., CRONE-TODD, D., FINGERHOOD, M., NUZZO, P. & KOLODNER, K. (2007). A randomized trial of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in injection drug users. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (3), 387-410. [PDF]
Silvia Paul J. ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la créativité, de la pensée divergente et de l'intérêt. Collaborateur de Kaufman.
SILVIA, P.J. (2005). What Is interesting ? Exploring the appraisal structure of interest. Emotion, 5, 89-102.
SILVIA, P.J. (2008). Interest - the curious emotion. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 57-60.
SILVIA, P.J. MARTIN, C. & NUSBAUM, E.C. (2009). A snapshot of creativity : Evaluating a quick and simple method for assessing divergent thinking. Thinking Skills & Creativity, 4, 79-85.
SILVIA, P.J., WIGERT, B., REITER-PALMON, R. & KAUFMAN, J. C. (2012). Assessing creativity with self-report scales : A review and empirical evaluation. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, & the Arts, 6, 19-34. [PDF]
SILVIA, P.J. (2015). Intelligence and creativity are pretty similar after all. Educational Psychology Review, 27 (4), 599-606.
Similarité : Similitude : Le terme renvoie à deux réalités voisines : a) Comparaison faite entre deux objets ayant plusieurs propriétés communes (ou similitudes), mais se distinguant sur au moins un aspect (sinon = identique). On dira donc de deux objets similaires qu'ils sont difficiles à discriminer/distinguer l'un de l'autre. Similarité et identité. = ensemble des similarités, ressemblance. /discrimination. Similarity. b) Le terme est également utilisé pour désigner les similitudes entre deux personnes, et particulièrement le fait, découvert par Byrne, que l'on est souvent attiré par les gens qui nous ressemblent sur le plan psychologique (attitude, opinion, etc) et physique. Similarité et complémentarité. = effet de similarité. Similarity, similarity effect, Byrne's law of attraction, Byrne's law of similiarity.
   
a
EKEHAMMAR, B. (1972). A comparative study of some multidimensional vector models for subjective similarity. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 13, 190-197.  MEDIN, D.L., GOLDSTONE, R.L. & MARKMAN, A.B. (1995). Comparison and choice : Relations between similarity processes and decision processes. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2 (1), 1-19. [PDF]
EKEHAMMAR, B. (1972). Multidimensional scaling according to different vector models for subjective similarity. Acta Psychologica, 36, 79-84. GOLDSTONE, R.L. (1994). The role of similarity in categorization : Providing a groundwork. Cognition, 52, 125-157. [PDF]
TVERSKY, A. (1977). Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84, 327-352.  
TVERSKY, A. & GATI, I. (1982). Similarity, separability, and the triangle inequality. Psychological Review, 89, 123-154. GOLDSTONE, R.L. (1995). Mainstream and avant-garde similarity. Psychologica Belgica, 35, 145-165.
ASHBY, F.G. & PERRIN, N.A. (1988). Toward a unified theory of similarity and recognition. Psychological Review, 95, 124-150. [PDF] KROSKA, A. & GOLDSTONE, R.L. (1996). Dissociations in the similarity and categorisation of emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 10, 27-45.
NOSOFSKY, R.M. (1988). Similarity, frequency, and category representations. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 14 (1), 54-65. [PDF] GOLDSTONE, R.L., MEDIN, D.L. & HALBERSTADT, J. (1997). Similarity in context. Memory & Cognition, 25, 237-255. [PDF]
DUNCAN, J. & HUMPHREYS, G.W. (1989). Visual search and stimulus similarity. Psychological Review, 96, 433-458. GENTNER, D. & MARKMAN, A.B. (1997). Structure mapping in analogy and similarity. American Psychologist, 52, 45-56. [PDF]
 MEDIN, D.L., GOLDSTONE, R.L. & GENTNER, D. (1990). Similarity involving attributes and relations : Judgments of similarity and difference are not inverses. Psychological Science, 1 (1), 64-69. [PDF]  
NAIRNE, J.S. (1990). Similarity and long-term memory for order. Journal of Memory & Language, 29, 733-746. [PDF] BÄUML, K.-H.T. & HARTINGER, A. (2002). On the role of item similarity in retrieval-induced forgetting. Memory, 10, 215-224. [PDF]
GOLDSTONE, R.L., MEDIN, D.L. & GENTNER, D. (1991). Relational similarity and the nonindependence of features in similarity judgments. Cognitive Psychology, 23, 222-264. [PDF]  
TREISMAN, A.M. (1991). Search, similarity and the integration of features between and within dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 27, 652-676. YAGO, E. & ISHAI, A. (2006). Recognition memory is modulated by visual similarity. Neuroimage, 31 (2), 807-817. [PDF]
NOSOFSKY, R.M. & SMITH, J.K. (1992). Similarity, identification, and categorization : Comment on Ashby and Lee (1991). Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 121 (2), 237-245. [PDF]  
MARKMAN, A.B. & GENTNER, D. (1993). Splitting the differences : A structural alignment view of similarity. Journal of Memory & Language, 32, 517-535. [PDF]  
MEDIN, D.L., GOLDSTONE, R.L. & GENTNER, D. (1993). Respects for similarity. Psychological Review, 100, 254-278. [PDF] SAGI, E., GENTNER, D. & LOVETT, A. (2012). What difference reveals about similarity. Cognitive Science, 36 (6), 1019-1050. [PDF]
MARKMAN, A.B. & GENTNER, D. (1993). Structural alignment during similarity comparisons. Cognitive Psychology, 25 (4), 431-467. [PDF]  
PEARCE, J.M. (1994). Similarity and discrimination : A selective review and a connectionist model. Psychological Review, 101, 587-607. [PDF]  
b
  LYKKEN, D.T., McGUE, M., BOUCHARD, T.J. & TEELLEGEN, A. (1990). Docs contact lead to similarity or similarity to contact ? Behavior Genetics, 20, 547-561.
BYRNE, D. (1961). Interpersonal attraction and attitude similarity. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 62 (3), 713-715. SUNNAFRANK, M. (1992). On debunking the attitude similarity myth. Communication Monographs, 59, 164-179.
BYRNE, D. & WONG, T.J. (1962). Racial prejudice, interpersonal attraction, and assumed similarity of attitudes. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 65, 246-253. CASPI, A., OZER, D.J. & HERBENER, E.S. (1992). Shared experiences and the similarity of personalities : A longitudinal study of married couples. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 62 (2), 281-291.
BYRNE, D., CLORE, G.L.J. & WORCHEL, P. (1966). Effect of economic similarity-dissimilarity on interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 4 (2), 220-224. JONES, M.C. & HEIT, E. (1993). An evaluation of the total similarity principle : Effects of similarity on frequency judgments. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 19, 799-812.
GRIFFITT, W.R. (1966). Interpersonal attraction as a function of self-concept and personality similarity-dissimilarity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 4, 581-584.  KENNY, D.A. & ACITELLI, L.K. (1994). Measuring similarity in couples. Journal of Family Psychology, 8, 417-431.
BYRNE, D., GRIFFITT, W. & STEFANIAK, D. (1967). Attraction and similarity of personality characteristics. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 5, 82-90. TAN, D.T.Y. & SINGH, R. (1995). Attitudes and attraction : A development study of the similarity-attraction and dissimilarity-repulsion hypothesis. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 975-986.
NOVAK, D.W. & LERNER, M.J. (1968). Rejection as a consequence of perceived similarity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 9, 147-152. DRYER, D.C. & HOROWITZ, L.M. (1997). When do opposites attract ? Interpersonal complementarity versus similarity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 72, 592-603. [PDF]
BYRNE, D., LONDON, O. & REEVES, K. (1968). The effects of physical attractiveness, sex, and attitude similarity on interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality, 36 (2), 259-271. SINGH, R. & HO, S.Y. (2000). Attitudes and attraction : a new test of the attraction, repulsion and similarity-dissimilarity asymmetry hypotheses. British Journal of Social Psychology, 39 (2), 197-211.
GRIFFITT, W.B. (1969). Personality similarity and self-concept as determinants of interpersonal attraction. Journal of Social Psychology, 78, 137-146. STRAUSS, J.P., BARRICK, M.R. & CONNERLEY, M.L. (2001). An investigation of personality similarity effects (relational and perceived) on peer and supervisor ratings and the role of familiarity and liking. Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 74 (5), 637-657.
BYRNE, D. & GRIFFITT, W. (1969). Similarity and awareness of similarity of personality characteristics as determinants of attraction. Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 3,179-186.  ACITELLI, L.K., KENNY, D.A. & WEINER, D. (2001). The importance of similarity and understanding of partners' marital ideals to relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 8, 167-185.
PALMER, J. & BYRNE, D. (1970). Attraction toward dominant and submissive strangers : Similarity versus complementarity.Journal of Experimental Research in Personality, 4,108-115. GUÉGUEN, N., JACOB, C. et FISHER-LOKOU, J. (2002). Similarité entre personnes et influence : l'impact de l'homonymie lors d'une sollicitation par e-mail. CNR'IUT Le Creusot, Publications de l'IUT du Creusot.
STROEBE, W., INSKO, C.A., THOMPSON, V.D. & LAYTON, B.D. (1971). Effects of physical attractiveness, attitude similarity, and sex on various aspects of interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 18, 79-91. CHEN, F.F. & KENRICK, D.T. (2002). Repulsion or attraction : Group membership and assumed attitude similarity. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 83, 111-125. [PDF]
EMSWILLER, T., DEAUX, K. & WILLITS, J.E. (1971). Similarity, sex, and requests for small favors. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1 (3), 284-291.  
LAMBERTH, J. & BYRNE, D. (1971). Similarity-attraction or demand characteristics ? Personality : An International Journal, 2, 77-91.  
TAYLOR, S.E. & METTEE, D.R. (1971). When similarity breeds contempt. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 20, 75-81. WILSON, G.D. & COUSINS, J.M. (2003). Partner similarity and relationship satisfaction : Development of a compatibility quotient. Sexual & Relationship Therapy, 18, 161-170.
MILLER, A.G. (1972). Effect of attitude similarity-dissimilarity on the utilization of additional stimulus inputs in judgments of interpersonal attraction. Psychonomic Science, 26 (4), 199-203. [PDF] GATTIS, K.S., BERNS, S., SIMPSON, L.E. & CHRISTENSEN, A. (2004). Birds of a feather or strange birds ? Ties among personality dimensions, similarity, and marital quality. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 564-574.
BYRNE, D., CHERRY, F., LAMBERTH, J. & MITCHELL, H.E. (1973). Husband-wife similarity in response to erotic stimuli. Journal of Personality, 41, 385-394. BURGER, J.M., MESAIN, N., PATEL, S., DELPRADO, A. & ANDERSON, C. (2004). What a coincidence ! The effects of incidental similarity on compliance. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 35-43. [PDF]
SIGALL, H. & LANDY, D. (1973). Radiating beauty : Effects of having a physically attractive partner on person perception. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 28 (2), 218-224. SILVIA, P.J. (2005). Deflecting reactance : The role of similarity in increasing compliance and reducing resistance. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 27, 277-284.
DUCK, S.W. (1973). Personality similarity and friendship choice : Similarity of what, when ? Journal of Personality, 41 (4), 543-558.  
LAYTON, B.D. & INSKO, C.A. (1974). Anticipated interaction and the similarity-attraction effect. Sociometry, 37 (2), 149-162. [PDF] HYDE, J.S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60 (6), 581-592. [PDF]
ALLEN, V.L. & WILDER, D.A. (1975). Categorization, belief similarity, and intergroup discrimination. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32, 971-977. GUÉGUEN, N., PICHOT, N. & LE DREFF, G. (2005). Similarity and helping behavior on the Web : The impact of the convergence of surnames between a solicitor and a solicitee in a request made by e-mail. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 35 (2), 423-429. [PDF]
KRIVONOS, P.D., BYRNE, D. & FRIEDICH, G.W. (1976). The effect of attitude similarity on task performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 6, 307-313. GAUNT, R. (2006). Couple similarity and marital satisfaction : Are similar spouses happier ? Journal of Personality, 74, 1401-1420.
STEPHAN, W.G. & BEANE, W. (1978). The effects of belief similarity and ethnicity on liking and attributions for performance. Inter-American Journal of Psychology, 12, 153-159. BARELDS, D.P.H. & BARELDS-DIJKSTRA, P. (2007). Love at first sight or friends first ? Ties among partner personality trait similarity, relationship onset, relationship quality, and love. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 24, 479-496. [PDF]
YABRUDI, P.F. & DIAB, L.N. (1978). The effects of attitude similarity dissimilarity, religion, and topic importance on interpersonal attraction among Lebanese university students. Journal of Social Psychology, 106, 167-171. VERHOFSTADT, L.L., BUYSSE, A., DAVIS, M., ICKES, W. & DEVOLDRE, I. (2008). Support provision in marriage : The role of emotional similarity and empathic accuracy. Emotion, 8 (6), 792-802. [PDF]
ALLEN, V.L. & WILDER, D.A. (1979). Group categorization and attribution of belief similarity. Small Group Behavior, 10, 73-80. MONTOYA, R.M., HORTON, R.S. & KIRCHNER, J. (2008). Is actual similarity necessary for attraction ? A meta-analysis of actual and perceived similarity. Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, 25, 889-922. [PDF]
TESSER A. & CAMPBELL, J. (1980). Self-definition : The impact of relative performance and similarity of others. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43, 341-347.  
WILLIAMS, S., RYCKMAN, R.M., GOLD, J. & LENNEY, E. (1982). The effects of sensation seeking and misattribution of arousal on attraction toward similar or dissimilar strangers. Journal of Research in Personality, 16, 217-226. DIJIKSTRA, P. & BARELDS, D.P.H. (2008). Do people know what they want : A similar or complementary partner ? Evolutionary Psychology, 6 (4), 595-602. [PDF]
KELLEY, K., BYRNE, D. & BALDWIN-PIETAK, B. (1983). Hiring decisions versus interpersonal attraction toward applicant : Qualifications, similarity, and evaluator authoritarianism. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 5, 389-396. McCRAE, R.R., MARTIN, T.A., HREBICKOVA, M., URBANEK, T., BOOMSMA, D.I., WILLEMSEN, G. & COSTA, P.T. (2008). Personality trait similarity between spouses in four cultures. Journal of Personality, 76, 1137-1163.
KELLEY, K., BYRNE, D. & BALDWIN-PIETAK, B. (1983). Hiring decisions versus interpersonal attraction toward applicant : Qualifications, similarity, and evaluator authoritarianism. Academic Psychology Bulletin, 5, 389-396. GUÉGUEN, N., MARTIN, A. et VION, M. (2009). L'effet d'une similarité fortuite entre deux individus sur le comportement d'imitation. Psychologie Française, 54, 337-353. [PDF]
SHERMAN, S.J., CHASSIN, L. PRESSON, C.C. & AGOSTINELLI, G. (1984). The role of evaluation and similarity principles in the false consensus effect. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 47, 1244-1262. GUÉGUEN, N. & MARTIN, A. (2009). Incidental similarity facilitates behavioural mimicry. Social Psychology, 40 (2), 88-92. [PDF]
WHITE, S.G. & HATCHER, C. (1984). Couple complementarity and similarity : A review of the literature. American Journal of Family Therapy, 12, 15-25.  BATOOL, S. & MALIK, N.I. (2010). Role of attitude similarity and proximity in interpersonal attraction among friends. International Journal of Innovation, Management & Technology, 1 (2), 142-146. [PDF]
BYRNE, D., CLORE, G.L. & SMEATON, G. (1986). The attraction hypothesis : Do similar attitudes affect anything ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51, 1167-1170. HUMBAD, M.N., DONNELLAN, B., IACONO, W.G., McGUE, M. & BURT, A. (2010). Is spousal similarity for personality a matter of convergence or selection ? Personality & Individual Differences, 49 (7), 827-830. [PDF]
JAMIESON, D.W., LYDON, J.E. & ZANNA, M.P. (1987). Attitude and activity preference similarity : Differential bases of interpersonal attraction for low and high self-monitors. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 53, 1052-1060. McCRAE, R.R., MARTIN, T.A., HREBICKOVA, M., URBANEK, T., BOOMSMA, D.I., WILLEMSEN, G. & COSTA, P.T. (2008). Personality trait similarity between spouses in four cultures. Journal of Personality, 76 (5), 1137-1164.
DIEHL, M. (1988). Social identity and minimal groups : The effects of interpersonal and intergroup attitudinal similarity on intergroup discrimination. British Journal of Social Psychology, 27, 289-300. HAMLIN, J.K., MEHAJAN, N., LIBERMAN, Z. & WYNN, K. (2013). Not like me = Bad : Infants prefer those who harm dissimilar others. Psychological Science, 24 (4), 589–594. [PDF]
BYRNE, D., CLORE, G.L. & SMEATON, G. (1986). The attraction hypothesis : Do similar attitudes affect anything ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51, 1167-1170. TIDWELL, N., EASTWICK, P.W. & FINKEL, E.J. (2013). Perceived, not actual, similarity predicts initial attraction in a live romantic context : Evidence from the speed-dating paradigm. Personal Relationships, 20 (13), 199-215. [PDF]
 SUMAN, H.C. & KURESHI, A. (1988). Interpersonal attraction as a function of physical attractiveness, personality similarity-dissimilarity, and reciprocity. Psychologia, 31, 234-238. GEORGE, D., LUO, S., WEBB, J., PUGH, J., MARTINEZ, A. & FOULSTON, J. (2015). Couple similarity on stimulus characteristics and marital satisfaction. Personality & Individual Differences, 86, 126-131. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Complémentarité
Simmel
Ernst Simmel Georg Simmel
 
Simmel Ernst (Breslau 1882-1947 Los Angeles) : Médecin et psychanalyste allemand. Analysé par Abraham. Collaborateur de Ferenczi et Jones.
FERENCZI, S., ABRAHAM, K., SIMMEL, E. & JONES, E. (1921). Psychoanalysis and the war neurosis. The International Psycho-Analytical Library, 2, 1-59.
SIMMEL, E. (1921). On the psychoanalysis and the war neuroses. London : International Psychoanalytic Press.
SIMMEL, E. (1929). Psycho-Analytic treatment in a sanatorium. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 10, 70-89.
SIMMEL, E. (1944). Self-preservation and the death instinct. Pyschoanalytic Quarterly, 13, 160-185.
SIMMEL, E. (1948). Alcoholism and addiction. Pyschoanalytic Quarterly, 17, 6-31.
Simmel Georg (Berlin 1858-1918 Strasbourg) : Sociologue et philosophe allemand. Professeur de Mannheim, Park et Scheler.
SIMMEL, G. (1902). The number of members as determining the sociological form of the group. American Journal of Sociology, 8 (2), 158-196.
SIMMEL, G. (1903). The sociology of space.
SIMMEL, G. (1903). On the spatial projections of social forms.
SIMMEL, G. (1990). The philosophy of money. London : Routledge.
 
WOLFF, K.H. (1950). The sociology of George Simmel. Glencoe, Illinois. Free Press. [PDF]
Simon/Simonton/Symonds/Symons
Herbert Alexander Simon Theodore Simon Dean Keith Simonton
J. Richard Simon William Simon Percival M. Symonds


Frank James Simons
 
Simon Herbert Alexander (Milwaukee États-Unis 1916-2001) : Mathématicien et économiste américain, chef de file du cognitivisme américain (théorie des jeux, de la décision) et de l'intelligence artificielle. Il a développé le concept de rationalité limitée. Il s'est également intéressé au fonctionnement des entreprises. Lauréat du prix Nobel d'économie en 1978. Professeur d'Ericsson, March et Nonaka. Collaborateur de Anderson, Gobet, Guetzkowet Newell.

No 37
SIMON, H.A. (1953). Notes on the observation and measurement of political power. Journal of Politics, 15 (4), 500-516.
SIMON, H.A. (1957). A behavior model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69, 89-118.
SIMON, H.A. (1974). How big is a chunk ? Science, 183, 482-488.
SIMON, H.A. (1982). Models of bounded rationality. Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press.
SIMON, H.A. (1990). A mechanism for social selection and successful altruism. Science, 250, 1665-1668.
Simon J. Richard (1929-2017) : Psychologue américain. Il a découvert un effet qui porte son nom.

SIMON, J.R. & WOLF, J.D. (1963). Choice reaction times as a function of angular stimulus-response correspondence and age.Ergonomics, 6 (1), 99-105.
SIMON, J.R.. & RUDELL, A.P. (1967). Auditory S-R compatibility: the effect of an irrelevant cue on information processing. Journal of Applied Psychology, 51, 300-304.
SIMON, J.R. (1969). Reactions towards the source of stimulation. Journal of experimental psychology, 81 (1), 174-176. [PDF]
SIMON, J.R., PAULLIN, C., OVERMYER, S.P. & BERBAUM, K. (1985). Reaction time to word meaning and ink color of laterally-presented Stroop stimuli : Effects of handedness and sex. International Journal of Neuroscience 28, 21-33.
SIMON, J.R. & BERBAUM, K. (1990). Effect of conflicting cues : The "Stroop effect" vs. the "Simon effect". Acta Psychologica, 73, 159-170. [PDF]
PROCTOR, R.W. & HOMMEL, B. (2018). Richard Simon (1929-2017). The American Journal of Psychology, 131 (1), 95-97.
Simon Theodore (1873-1961) : Psychiatre français et co-inventeur avec Binet du premier test d'intelligence, le Binet-Simon. Professeur de Piaget et collaborateur de Binet.

BINET, A. et SIMON, T. (1905). Methodes nouvelles pour la diagnostic du niveau intellectuel des anormaux. Année Psychologique, 11, 191-244.
BINET, A. et SIMON, T. (1905). Applications des methods nouvelles au diagnostic du niveau intellectuel chez des enfants normaux et anormaux d’hospice et d’école primaire. Année Psychologique, 11, 245-366.
BINET, A. et SIMON, T. (1907). Les enfants anormaux. Paris : Citee.
SIMON, T. (1924). Pédagogie expérimentale : écriture, lecture, orthographe. Paris : Colin.
BINET, A. et SIMON, T. (1983). The development of intelligence in children. Salem, New Hampshire : Ayer Company.
Simon William (New York 1930-2000) : Sociologue américain spécialisé dans l'étude de la sexualité. On lui doit le concept de script sexuel, développé en collaboration avec Gagnon. Collaborateur de Gagnon.

GAGNON J.H. & SIMON W. (1970). Sexual encounters between adults and children, sex information and education. New York : Council of the United States.
GAGNON J.H. & SIMON W. (1973). Sexual conduct. The Social sources of human sexuality. Chicago : Aldine.
SIMON, W. (1998). Postmodern sexualities. Contemporary Sociology, 27 (5), 475-477.
SIMON, W. (1999). Sexual conduct in retrospective perspective. Sexualities, 2 (1), 126-133.
SIMON W. & GAGNON, J.H. (2003). Sexual scripts : Origins, influences and changes. Qualitative Sociology, 26 (4), 491-497.
Simonton Dean Keith (Los Angeles 1948-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain et historien américain, spécialisé dans l'étude de la créativité.
 SIMONTON, D.K. (1983). Psychohistory. In R. Harré & R. Lamb (Eds.), The encyclopedic dictionary of psychology (pp. 499-500). Oxford : Blackwell.
 SIMONTON, D.K. (1988). Age and outstanding achievement : What do we know after a century of research ? Psychological Bulletin, 104, 251-267.
 SIMONTON, D.K. (1992). Gender and genius in Japan : Feminine eminence in masculine culture. Sex Roles, 27, 101-119.
 SIMONTON, D.K. (1997). Creative productivity : A predictive and explanatory model of career trajectories and landmarks. Psychological Review, 104, 66-89.
 SIMONTON, D.K. (2007). Psychology’s limits as a scientific discipline : A personal view. Applied & Preventive Psychology : Current Scientific Perspectives, 12, 35-36.
Simple aveugle (Procédure) : Voir Stratégie de contrôle ou Plan en simple aveugle. Single blind.
Simplicité : Principe épistémologique qui renvoie à l'idée que certains objets ou phènomènes ont la propriété de contenir peu d'éléments ou relation entre ces éléments. EX: Dans la nature, l'hydrogène est l'élément chimique le plus simple, en psychologie, on considère le réflexe comme une réponse ou un comportement simple. = principes de simplicité. /complexité. Simplicity.
   
LINDSAY, R. (1937). The meaning of simplicity in physics. Philosophy of Science, 4, 151-167.
BUNGE, M. (1963). The myth of simplicity : Problems in scientific philosophy. Englewood Cliffs : Prentice Hall.
WASON, P.C. (1969). Structural simplicity and psychological complexity. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 22, 281-84.
SOBER, E. (1975). Simplicity. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
DERKSE, W. (1992) On simplicity and elegance. Delft : Eburon.
SWINBURNE, R. (1997). Simplicity as evidence for truth. Milwaukee : Marquette University Press.
ZELLNER, A., KEUZENKAMP, H. & McALEER, M. (Eds.) (2001). Simplicity, inference and modelling : Keeping it sophisticatedly simple. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Voir aussi Principe épistémologique et Principes
Simpson (Les...) : Personnages de dessins animés créés par Groening, qui forment une famille américaine de la classe moyenne... très moyenne.
   
 IRWIN, W., CONART, M.T. & SKOBLE, A.J. (Eds.) (2001). The Simpsons and the philosophy : The Oh ! of Homer / Les Simpson : Les secrets de la plus célèbre famille d'Amérique. Music and entertainment Book.
 BROWN, A. & LOGAN, C. (Eds.) (2006). The psychology of the Simpsons : D'OH!. Texas : Banbella Book.
 KENNY, D.A. & KENNY, D.T. (2006). The personalities of The Simpsons. In A. Brown (Ed.), D'oh! The psychology of the Simpsons (pp. 187-200). Dallas : BenBella Books.
 COOPER, H.M. (2006). Psychological testing in The Simpsons. In A. Brown (Ed.), D’Oh : The Psychology of the Simpsons. Dallas TX : Benbella.
KEIL, F.C. LOCKART, K.L., KEIL, D.C., KEIL, D.R. & KEIL, M.F. (2006). Looking for Mr. Smarty Pants: Intelligence and Expertise in The Simpsons. In A. Brown and C. Logan (Eds.), D’Oh The Psychology of the Simpsons. Dallas : BenBella Books.
 COWAN, N., KANE, M.J., CONWAY, A.R.A. & IPSA-COWAN, A. (2006). Stupid brain! Homer’s working memory odyssey. In A. Brown & C. Logan (Eds.), D’oh! The Psychology of the Simpsons (pp. 49-64). Dallas, TX : BenBella Books.
Simpson
Edward Simpson Jeffry A. Simpson George Gaylord Simpson
 
Simpson Edward Hugh (1922-2019) : Statisticien britannique, d'origine irlandaise. On lui doit la découverte du paradoxe de Simpson. Étudiant de Bartlett.
SIMPSON, E.H. (1949). The measurement of diversity. Nature, 163 (4148), 688.
SIMPSON, E.H. (1951). The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 13 (2), 238-241.


 
 ERSKINE, R. (2019). Edward Hugh Simpson, 1922-2019. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 182 (4), 1633-1634.
 CHRISTENSEN, C. (2019). Edward Hugh Simpson CB : Obituary. Cryptologia, 43 (2), 81-83. [PDF]
Simpson Jeffry A. ( ) : Psychologue évolutionniste américain. Il s'intéresse notamment à l'attachement et à l'amour. Collaborateur de Belsky, Bersheid, Collins, Dovidio, Fletcher, Gangestad, Kenrick, Overall et Snyder.
SIMPSON, J.A. & GANGESTAD, S.W. (1992). Sociosexuality and romantic partner choice. Journal of Personality, 60 (1), 31-51. [PDF]
SIMPSON, J.A., GANGESTAD, S.W., CHRISTENSEN, P.N. & LECK, K. (1999). Fluctuating asymmetry, sociosexuality, and intrasexual competitive tactics. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 76, 159-172. [PDF]
SIMPSON, J.A., COLLINS, J.A., TRAN, S. & HAYDON, K.C. (2007). Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in adult romantic relationships : A developmental perspective. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 92, 355-367. [PDF]
SIMPSON, J.A., RHOLES, W.A. & WINTERHELD, H.A. (2010). Attachment working models twist memories of relationship events. Psychological Science, 21 (2), 252-259. [PDF]
SIMPSON, J.A., COLLINS, J.A. & SALVOTORE, S.E. (2011). The impact of early interpersonal experience on adult romantic relationship functioning : Recen findings from the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20 (6), 355-359. [PDF]
Simpson George Gaylord (Chicago 1902-1984) : Paléontologue et évolutioniste américain.
SIMPSON, G.G. (1935). The first mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology, 10, 154-180.
SIMPSON, G.G. (1940). Types in modern taxonomy. American Journal of Science, 238, 413-431.
SIMPSON, G.G. (1949/51). The meaning of evolution / L'évolution et sa signification. New Haven : Yale University Press/Paris : Payot.
SIMPSON, G.G. (1951). The species concept. Evolution, 5, 285-298.
SIMPSON, G.G. (1958). Behavior and evolution. New Haven : Yale University Press.
Sims Henry P. (1939-) : Spécialiste américain des organisations et de la gestion du personnel. Il s'intéresse à l'étude du leadership. Collaborateur de Conger, Manz et Pearce.
SIMS, H.P. (1977). The leader as manager of reinforcement contingencies : An empirical example and a model. In J.G. Hunt & L.L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership : The cutting edge (pp. 122-137). Carbondale : Southern Illinois University Press.
SIMS, H.P. & GIOIA, D. (1986). The thinking organization : Dynamics of organizational social cognition. Jossey-Bass.
MANZ, C.C. & SIMS, H.P. (1991). Superleading : Beyond the myth of heroic leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 22 (2), 18-35. [PDF]
SIMS, H.P. & MANZ, C.C. (1996). Company of heroes : Unleashing the power of self-leadership. Wiley.
PEARCE, C.L. & SIMS, H.P. (2002). Vertical versus shared leadership as predictors of the effectiveness of change management teams : An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader behaviors. Group Dynamics : Theory, Research, & Practice, 6 (2), 172-197. [PDF]
Simstat : Logiciel d'analyse de données quantitatives conçu et développé par Péladeau.


 
Types de simulation
Simulation en emploi Simulation informatique Simulation psychologique
Simulation en recherche

 
Simulation (d'emploi) : Lors d'une entrevue d'embauche, mise en situation réaliste organisée par le comité de sélection et qui permet au candidat de montrer son savoir-faire, son degré de maîtrise des compétences. Cette stratégie de sélection doit être réaliste, c-à-d qu'elle doit ressembler le plus possible aux tâches du poste convoité. Situational test, simulated job, work sample, simulate on-the-job situations, realistic work sample test.
   
WEISLOGEL, R.L. (1954). Development of situational tests for military personnel. Personnel Psychology, 7, 492-497.
PERONE, M., DEWAARD, R.J. & BARON, A. (1979). Satisfaction with real and simulated jobs in relation to personality variables and drug use. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 660-668.
SCHMITT, A.E. & MILLS, A.E. (2001). Traditional test and job simulations : Minority and majority performance and test validities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 451-458.

Voir aussi Entrevue d'embauche et Comité de sélection
 
Simulation (informatique) : En science, la simulation permet de se représenter ce que l'on ne peut voir. Elle prend généralement la forme d'un programme informatique fondé sur des postulats (un modèle) et des régularités empiriques (les données), qui formalise certaines propriétés d'un phénomène difficile ou impossible à observer autrement (en condition naturelle ou en laboratoire), comme les réseaux de neurones. La simulation permet également d'éprouver la cohérence interne d'un modèle, sa logique interne. EX: Réseau neural modélisé. Simulation et modèle. = modélisation. Computer simulation.
   
NEWELL, A. & SIMON, H.A. (1961). Computer simulation of human thinking. Science, 134 (3495), 2011-2017.
OSTROM, T.M. (1988). Computer simulation : the third symbol system. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 381–392.
LOFTUS, G.R. (1993). Computer simulation : Some remarks on theory in psychology. In G. Kerens & C. Lewis (Eds.), Methodological and quantitative issues in the analysis of psychological data (pp. 477-492). Potomac Md : Lawrence Erlbaum.
CHANDRASEKHARAN, S., NERSESSIAN, N.J. & SUBRAMANIAN, V. (2012). Computational modeling: Is this the end of thought experimenting in science ? In J. Brown, M. Frappier & L. Meynell (Eds.), Thought experiments in philosophy, science and the arts (pp. 239-260). London : Routledge. [PDF]
  FREUND, K. (1961). A laboratory differential diagnosis of homo- and heterosexuality : an experiment with faking. Review of Medicine, 7, 20-31.
Voir aussi Cohérence interne et Modèle
Simulation (en recherche) Voir Tromperie les participan-e-s- d'une recherche. Faking, deception.
Simulation (psychologique) : Faire semblant de croire quelque chose ou d'éprouver une sensation, une émotion, un sentiment ou un orgasme. dans le but de tromper autrui. Dans le contexte d'un test, donner volontairement de mauvaises réponses, afin de tromper l'évaluateur. Simulation, trouble factice et syndromme de Munchaussen. = faire semblant, feindre, mimer. Fake, faking.

   
LYKKEN, D.T. (1960). The validity of the guilty knowledge technique : The effects of faking. Journal of Applied Psychology, 44, 258-262. SAXE, R. (2005). Against simulation : the argument from error. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 174-179. [PDF]
ZICKAR, M.J. & ROBIE, C. (1999). Modeling faking good on personality items : An item-level analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84 (4), 551-563. McFARLAND, L.A. & RYAN, A.M. (2006). Toward an integrated model of applicant faking behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36 (4), 979-1016.
VISWESVARAN, C. & ONES, D.S. (1999). Meta-analyses of fakability estimates : Implications for personality measurement. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 59 (2), 197-210. ROBIE, C. (2006). Effects of perceived selection ratio on personality test faking. Social Behavior & Personality, 34 (10), 1233-1244.
  HARTMAN, N.S. & GRUBB, W.L. (2011). Deliberate faking on personality and emotional intelligence measures. Psychological Reports, 108 (1), 120-138.
  GRIFFITH, R.L., CHMIELOWSKI, T. & YOSHITA, Y. (2007). Do applicants fake ? An examination of the frequency of applicant faking behavior. Personnel Review, 36 (3), 341-355.
McFARLAND, L.A. & RYAN, A.M. (2000). Variance in faking across non-cognitive measures. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 812-821. EID, M. & ZICKAR, M.J. (2007). Detecting response styles and faking in personality and organizational assessments by mixed Rasch models. In M. Von Davier & C. Carstensen (Eds.), Multivariate and mixture distribution Rasch models. New York : Springer.
McFARLAND, L.A., RYAN, A.M. & ELLIS, A. (2002). Item placement on a personality measure : Effects on faking behavior and test measurement properties. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 348- 369. GOFFIN, R.D. & BOYD, A.C. (2009). Faking and personality assessment in personnel selection : Advancing models of faking. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 50 (3), 151-160.
McFARLAND, L.A. (2003). Warning against faking on a personality test : Effects on applicant reactions and personality test scores. International Journal of Selection & Assessment, 11, 265-276. CONVERSE, P.D., PERTERSON, M.H. & GRIFFITH, R.L. (2009). Faking on personality measures : Implications for selection involving multiple predictors. International Journal of Selection & Assessment, 17 (1), 47-60
  HARTMAN, N.S. & GRUBB, W.L. (2011). Deliberate Faking on Personality and Emotional Intelligence Measures. Psychological Reports, 108 (1), 120-138.
MUELLER-HANSON, R., HEGGESTAD, E.D. & THORNTON, G.C. (2003). Faking and selection : Considering the use of personality from select-in and select-out perspectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 348-355. ELLINGSON, J.A. & McFARLAND, L.A. (2011). Understanding faking behavior through the lens of motivation : An application of VIE theory. Human Performance, 24, 322-337.
  LUKOFF, B. (2012). Is faking inevitable ? In M. Ziegler, C. McCann & R.D. Roberts (Eds.), New perspectives on faking in personality assessments. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
ZICKAR, M.J., GIBBY, R.E. & ROBIE, C. (2004). Uncovering faking samples in applicant, incumbent, and experimental data sets : An application of mixed-model item response theory. Organizational Research Methods, 7 (2), 168-190. FERRANDO, P.J. & ANGUIANO-CARRASCO, C. (2013). A structural model : Based optimal person-fit procedure for Identifying Faking. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 73 (2), 173-190.

Voir aussi Désirabilité sociale, Trouble factice, Tricherie et Syndromme de Munchaussen.

Simultagnosie : Agnosie visuelle simultanée qui renvoie à l'incapacité de reconnaître les enchaînements et les actions. Simultanagnosia.
   
DALRYMPLE, K.A., KINGSTONE, A. & BARTON, J.J.S. (2007). Seeing trees OR seeing forests in simultanagnosia : Attentional capture can be local or global. Neuropsychologia, 45, 871-875.
DALRYMPLE, K.A., BISCHOF, W.F., CAMERON, D., BARTON, J.J.S. & KINGSTONE, A. (2009). Global perception in simultanagnosia is not as simple as a game of connect-the-dots. Vision Research, 49, 1901-1908.
LECHEVALIER, B. (2009). Simultagnosie et autisme. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 3 (1), 200.
DALRYMPLE, K.A., BISCHOF, W.F., CAMERON, D., BARTON, J.J.S. & KINGSTONE, A. (2010). Simulating simultanagnosia: spatially constricted vision mimics local capture and the global processing deficit. Experimental Brain Research, 202 (2), 445-455.
DALRYMPLE, K.A., BIRMINGHAM, E., BISCHOF, W.F., BARTON, J.J.S. & KINGSTONE, A. (2011). Experiencing simultanagnosia through windowed viewing of complex social scenes. Brain Research, 1367 (7), 265-277.
DALRYMPLE, K.A., BIRMINGHAM, E., BISCHOF, W.F., BARTON, J.J.S. & KINGSTONE, A. (2011). Opening a window on attention : Documenting and simulating recovery from simultanagnosia. Cortex, 47, 787-799.
DALRYMPLE, K.A., BARTON, J.J.S. & KINGSTONE, A. (2013). A world unglued : Simultanagnosia as a spatial restriction of attention. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7 [145], 1-10. [PDF]
Simultanément : Ensemble d'événements ou d'objets - au moins deux - qui apparaisent ou surviennent au même moment (ou presque au même moment).
   
Sinclair
Andrew Sinclair Hermina Sinclair
 
Sinclair Andrew ( ) : Biologiste américain et spécialiste de l'étude de la détermination du sexe. On lui doit la découverte du gène SRY sur le chromosome Y. Collaborateur de Goodfellow et Lovell-Badge.
SINCLAIR, A., BERTA, P., PALMER, M.S., HAWKINS, J.R., GRIFFITHS, B.L., SMITH, M.J., FOSTER, J.W., FRISCHAUF, A.M., LOVELL-BADGE, R. & GOODFELLOW, P.N. (1990). A gene from the human sex-determining region encodes a protein with homology to a conserved DNA-binding motif A. Nature, 346 (6281), 240-244.
SINCLAIR, A. (2001). Eleven year of sexual discovery. Genome Biology, 2 (7), 40171-40173. [PDF]

 
 
Sinclair Hermina (1919-1997) : Psychologue cognitiviste européenne, spécialisée dans l'étude du langage et du jeu chez l'enfant. Collaboratrice d'Inhelder. = Hermina Sinclair De-Zwart.
INHELDER, B., SINCLAIR, H. et BOVET, M. (1974). Apprentissage et structures de la connaissance. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
SINCLAIR, H. (1989). Language acquisition : A constructivist view. In J. Montangero & A. Tryphon (Eds.), Language and cognition (Vol. 10, p. 7-16). Cahiers de la Fondation Archives Jean Piaget.
STAMBACK, M. et SINCLAIR, H. (1990). Les jeux de fiction entre enfants. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
SINCLAIR, H. (1992). Changing perspectives in child language acquisition. In H. Beilin & P. Pufall (Eds.), Piaget's theory : Prospects and possibilities (pp. 211-228). Hillsdale, N.J. : Lawrence Erlbaum.
SINCLAIR, H. & STAMBACK, M. (1993). Pretend play among 3-year olds. Hillsdale, N.J. : L. Erlbaum.
Singapore : Pays.
   
KLASSEN, R.M., ANG, R.P., CHONG, W.H., KRAWCHUK, L.L., HUAN, V.S., WONG, I.Y. & YEO, L.S. (2010). Academic procrastination in two settings : motivation correlates, behavioral patterns, and negative impact of procrastination in Canada and Singapore. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59, 361-379.
Singe : Ordre des primates. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Ape, monkey, nonhuman primate.
 
Singes
Babouin Chimpanzé Langur Orang-outan
Bonobo Gibbon Lémur Singe-écureuil
Capucin Gorille Macaque Singe vert
Cercopithèque Grands singes Mandrill Tamarin


Singes célèbres
Gua
Sarah
Lana Viki
Ham Nim Chimpsky Washoe
 
   
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