Claude Goulet/2003© l Comment citer ce lexique l Notre mission : Explorer la nébuleuse Psy ! Auteurs
a b c d e f g h i j k l m Revues
n o p q r s t u v w x y z Ang/Fra
Fermer

TAC - TE - TEM - TERMAN - TEST - TH - THÉORIE - THÉRAPIE - THI - THORNDIKE - TO - TRA - TRE/TRI - TRO - TROUBLE - TU/TY - TULVING
Tabachnick Barbara G. (1936-) : Psychologue et statisticienne américaine, spécialisée en éthique et en éducation. Elle s'intéresse également aux statistiques multivariées. Collaboratrice de Fidell, Fidell, Keith-Spiegel, Pope et Whitley.
TABACHNICK, B.G. & BROTSKY, S.J. (1976). Free recall and complexity of pictorial stimuli. Memory & Cognition, 4 (5), 466-470.
TABACHNICK, B.G. (1979). Test scatter on the WISC-R. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 12 (9), 626-628.
TABACHNICK, B.G., KEITH-SPIEGEL, P. & POPE, K.S. (1991). Ethics of teaching : Beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as educators. American Psychologist, 46 (5), 506-515. [PDF]
TABACHNICK, B.G. & FIDELL, L.S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York : Harper & Row.
TABACHNICK, B.G., WHITLEY, B.E. & WASHBURN, J. (1998). Why do professors ignore cheating ? Opinions of a national sample of psychology instructors. Ethics & Behavior, 8, 215-227.
Tabagisme : Tabac : Voir Fumer et Prévention du tabagisme.
Tabet Paola (1935-) : Anthropologue, ethnologue et féministe (matérialiste) italienne, spécialisée dans l'étude du racisme, des rapports de sexe et de la prostitution.
TABET, P. (1987). Du don au tarif. Les relations sexuelles impliquant compensation. Les Temps Modernes, 490, 1-53.
TABET, P. (1991). Les dents de la prostituée : échange, négociation, choix dans les rapports économico-sexuels. Dans M.-C. Hurtig, M. Kail & H. Rouch (Dirs.), Sexe et genre. De la hiérarchie entre les sexes (p. 227-243). Paris : Éditions du CNRS.
TABET, P. (1998). La construction sociale de l'inégalité des sexes. Des outils et des corps. Paris : L'Harmattan/Bibliothèque du féminisme.
TABET, P. (2001). La grande arnaque. L'expropriation de la sexualité des femmes. Actuel Marx, 30, 131-152.
TABET, P. (2004). La grande arnaque. Sexualité des femmes et échange économico-sexuel. Paris : L'Harmattan.
DROUILLEAU, F. (2005). Paola Tabet, La grande arnaque. Sexualité des femmes et échange économico-sexuel. Paris : L'Harmattan. Bibliothèque CLIO : Histoire, Femmes et Sociétés, 22, 1-3. [PDF]
Table : Table.

Types de table
Table rase Table ronde Table statistique
 
Table rase : Voir Principe de la table rase. Tabula rasa.
Table ronde : En science, forme de communication informelle qui consiste à réunir autour d'une table les experts d'un domaine, d'une matière pour discuter d'une question, échanger des points de vue ou mettre à jour leurs connaissances. Cet exercice peut faire l'objet d'une communication scientifique ou d'un colloque. EX : Rencontre de Royaumont entre Piaget et Chomsky. Ronde table.
 
DASHIELL, J.F. (1938). The law of effect : a round table discussion. Psychological Review, 45, 212-214.

Table statistique : Statistical table.

 
STUDENT (1917). Tables for estimating the probability that the mean of a unique sample of observations lies between -[infinity] and any given distance of the mean of the population from which the sample is drawn. Biometrika, 11, 414-417.
FISHER, R.A. & YATES, F. (1938/74). Statistical tables for biological, agricultural and medical research. London : Longman.
Tableau : Espace (réel, virtuel ou imprimé) sur laquelle on peut inscrire de l'information (mots, chiffres, etc.). Tableau et école. Table.

Types de tableau
Tableau blanc Tableau de contingence Tableau de résultats
Tableau croisé Tableau noir Tableau tactile
 
Tableau blanc interactif : TBI : Technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC). Il s'agit en fait d'un grand écran interactif commandé par ordinateur que les enseignants/professeurs peuvent utiliser en classe pour présenter la matière d'un cours et illustrer certains concepts. = tableau blanc interactif (TBI), tableau numérique interactif (TNI), tableau pédagogique interactif (TPI), tableau interactif, tableau numérique. /tableau noir. Whiteboard, new board.

 
KARSENTI, T. (2003). Plus captivantes qu'un tableau noir : L'impact des nouvelles technologies sur la motivation à l'école. Revue de la Fédération Suisse des Psychologues, 6, 24-29.
LOVER, D., MILLER, D., AVERIS, D. & DOOR, V. (2005). The interactive whiteboard : A literature survey. Technology, Pedagogy & Education, 14 (2), 155-170.
HARRIS, C. (2009). Meet the New School Board : Board games are back - and they're exactly what your curriculum needs. School Library Journal, 55, 24-26.
DIGREGORIO, P. & SOBEL-LOJESKI, K. (2010). The effects of interactive whiteboards (IWBs) on student performance and learning : A literature review. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 38 (3), 255-312.
HARLOW, A., COWIE, B. & HEAZLEWOOD, M. (2010). Keeping in touch with learning : The use of an interactive whiteboard in the junior school. Technology, Pedagogy & Education, 19 (2), 237-243.
DOSTAJ, J. (2011). Reflections on the use of interactive whiteboards in instruction in international context. The New Educational Review, 25 (3), 205-220.
TÜREL, Y.K. & JOHNSON, T.E. (2012). Teachers' belief and use of interactive whiteboards for teaching and learning. Educational Technology & Society, 15 (1), 381-394.
Voir aussi Classe et École
Tableau croisé : = tableau de fréquences. Crosstabs.
   
Voir aussi Statistique, Test khi-deux et Fréquence
Tableau de contingence : Tableau croisé à double entrée montrant la relation entre deux variables qualitatives nominales (ou plus). Contingency table.
   
FISHER, R. A. (1922). On the interpretation of x2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 87-94.
YULE, G.U. (1923). On the application of the khi-deux method to association and contingency tables, with experimental illustrations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 95-104.
YATES, F. (1934). Contingency table involving small numbers and the ?2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1 (2), 217-235.
LAURENCELLE, L. (2007). Les tableaux de fréquences 2 X 2 et leur traitement statistique. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3, 14-25.

Voir aussi Variable qualitative nominale et Coefficient de contingence
 
Tableau noir : = bon vieux tableau. Blackboard.

 
SZABO, A. & HASTING, N. (2000). Using IT in the undergraduate classroom : should we replace the blackboard with PowerPoint ? Computers & Education, 35, 175-187. [PDF]
KARSENTI, T. (2003). Plus captivantes qu'un tableau noir : L'impact des nouvelles technologies sur la motivation à l'école. Revue de la Fédération Suisse des Psychologues, 6, 24-29.
KINASH, S., BRAND, J. & MATHEW, T. (2012). Challenging mobile learning discourse through research : Student perceptions of Blackboard Mobile Learn and iPads. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 28 (4), 639-655.
 
Voir aussi École et Enseignement
Tableau de résultats : Dans un article empirique, présentation des résultats d'une recherche sous forme de cellules logiquement disposées selon deux axes, x et y (tableau à double entrée). Par convention, on place le titre au-dessus du tableau, les résultats de l'analyse principale dans les cellules du haut et les résultats de l'analyse secondaire dans les cellules du bas. = Tableau de données. Table, data table

Titre --»   Tableau 1
Comparaisons entre les hommes et femmes sur le plan de la scolarité, du revenu et des réponses à la question 2.
Analyse principale --»  
Indicateurs Groupes n= Test t Valeur de p <0,05 = *
Scolarité
(en année)
Hommes 15 17,20 -0,727 0,473  
Femmes 15 16,87
Revenu
annuel (en $)
Hommes 15 57669 2,684 0,006 *
Femmes 15 43297

Foui Khi carré
Question no 2 Hommes 15 10 4,821 0,028 *
Femmes 15 4
Analyse secondaire --»
 
SMITH, L.D., BEST, L.A., STUBBS, D.A., ARCHIBALD, A.B. & ROBERSON-NAY, R. (2002). Constructing knowledge : The role of graphs and tables in hard and soft psychology. American Psychologist, 57, 749-761.
LAURENCELLE, L. (2007). Les tableaux de fréquences 2 X 2 et leur traitement statistique. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3, 14-25.
 
Voir aussi Analyse des données
Tablette tactile : Technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC). Il s'agit en fait d'un petit écran intéractif commandé par ordinateur que les élèves/étudiants peuvent utiliser en classe pour accéder à la matière d'un cours. = ordinateur de poche. Touch screen, I-Pad.

 
GEIST, E. (2011). The game changer : Using iPads in college teacher education classes. College Student Journal, 45 (4), 758-768. HILL, J., NUSS, M., MIDDENDORF, B., CERVERO, R. & GAINES, J. (2012). Using iPads to enhance teaching and learning in third-year medical clerkships. Dans T. Bastiaens et G. Marks (Dirs.), Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in corporate, government, healthcare, and higher education (pp. 1482-1488). Chesapeake, VA : AACE.
CHURCCHILL, D., FOX, B. & KING, M. (2012). Study of affordances of iPads and teachers' private theories. International Journal of Information & Education Technology, 2 (3), 251-254. [PDF] HUTCHISON, A., BESCHORNER B. & SCHMIDT-CRAWFORD, D. (2012). Exploring the use of the iPad for literacy learning. The Reading Teacher, 66 (1), 15-23.
HENDERSON, S. & YEOW, J. (2012). iPad in education : A case study of iPad adoption and use in a primary school. Dans R.H. Sprague (Dir.), Proceedings of the 45th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (pp. 78-87). New York, NY : IEEE. MCCLANAHAN, B., WILLIAMS, K., KENNEDY, E. & TATE, S. (2012). A break through for Josh : How use of an iPad facilitated reading improvement. Techtrends, 56 (3), 20-28.
HAHN, J. & BUSSELL, H. (2012). Curricular use of the iPad 2 by a first-year undergraduate learning community. Library Technology Reports, 48 (8), 42-47. LAU, A. & HO, S. (2012). Using iPad 2 with note-taking apps to enhance traditional blackboard-style pedagogy for mathematics-heavy subjects : A case study. In M.J.W. Lee & H. VaLeong (Eds.), Proceedings of IEEE international conference on teaching, assessment, and learning for engineering. New York, NY : IEEE.
KIRKORIAN, H.L. & PEMPEK, T.A. (2013). Toddlers and touch screens. Zero to Three, 33 (4), 32-37.
VIVIAN, R., BERTOLO, D. & DINET, J. (2014). Interactions tactiles sur tablettes pour l'apprentissage de la géométrie dans l'espace : présentation et premières évaluations. Revue des Interactions Humaines Médiatisées, 15 (1), 51-89. [PDF]
KARSENTI, T. et IÉVREZA. (2014). L'iPad à l'école : de l'adoption à l'innovation. Éditions Grand Duc : Montréal.
PEMPEK, T. & McDANIEL, B. T. (2016). Young children's tablet use and associations with maternal well-being. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 25, 2636-2647.
Voir aussi Ordinateur et TIC
Tabou : Réalité - parfois trouble - qu'un groupe ou une société refuse d'admettre ou de dévoiler à autrui et qui, en conséquence, impose un silence collectif, sous peine de saction morale (humiliation, dénigrement, mépris, etc). = interdiction, occultation. Taboo.

FREUD, S. (1972). Totem et tabou. Paris : Payot.
McMULLEN, R.J. (1990). Male rape : Breaking the silence on the last taboo. London : GMP Publishers Ltd.
STRASSMANN, B.I. (1992). The function of menstrual taboos among the Dogon : Defense against cuckoldry ? Human Nature, 3, 89-131.
TETLOCK, P.E., KRISTEL, O.V., ELSON, S.B., GREEN, M.C. & LERNER, J.S. (2000). The psychology of the unthinkable : taboo trade-offs, forbidden base rates, and heretical counterfactuals. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 78, 853-870.
SIMMIE, S. & NUNES, J. (2002). The last taboo : A survival guide to mental health in Canada. Toronto : McClelland and Stewart.
POPE, K.S., SONNE, J.L. & GREENE, B.G. (2006). What therapists don't talk about and why : Understanding taboos that hurt us and our clients. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
MILETSKI, H. (2007). Mother-son-incest : The unthinkable broken taboo : an overview of finding and revised overview of finding. East West Publishing.
ASTUTI, R. (2007). La moralité des conventions : tabous ancestraux à Madagascar. Terrain, 48, 101-112.

Voir aussi Tabou de l'inceste
Tabou de l'inceste : Voir Inceste (Tabou). Incest taboo.
Tabula rasa : Voir Principe de la tabula rasa. Tabula rasa, blanck slate.
 
TA - TÂCHE - TACT - TAILLE - TAJFEL - TALENT - TANAKA - TARDE - TARDIF - TAT - TAUX - TAVRIS - TAXONOMIE - TAYLOR - TE
Tâche : Le terme a au moins deux sens : a) Dans une recherche expérimentale ou quasi-expérimentale, le terme renvoie à ce que l'on demande aux participants de faire ou de dire. Cette tâche est habituellement présentée oralement ou par écrit aux sujets avant le début de l'expérience (= consignes). Elle permet d'observer et de mesurer la variable indépendante. Il peut s'agir d'un test, d'un questionnaire, d'une épreuve ou d'une mise en situation. Dans certains cas, la tâche et la variable indépendante se confondent. = épreuve, test, tâche psychologique. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. b) Une tâche, c'est aussi ce qu'il faut faire dans un contexte donné, et ce contexte varie beaucoup (travail, maison, etc.). Le tavail d'un employé est généralement divisé en tâches précises qu'il doit exécuter pour obtenir un salaire. Task.

Tâche
Analyse des tâches Enrichissement de la tâche Organisation des tâches
Complexité de la tâche Multitâche
Commutation des tâches
 
Types de tâche
Tâche de conservation de Piaget Tâche de Morris Tâche domestique
Tâche de décision de Bechara Tâche de rappel Tâche double
Tâche de décision de l'Iowa Tâche de rappel Brown-Peterson Test/Épreuve du détour
Tâche d'identification des concepts Tâche de sélection de Wason Test du miroir
Tâche de Asch Tâche de Sternberg Tâche motrice
Tâche de dénomination rapide Tâche de Stroop Tâche perceptuelle
Tâche de jugement d'identité de lettres
Tâche visuospatiale
 

   
a
 
b
WILLIAMS, K.D., KARAU, S.J. & BOURGEOIS, M.J. (1993). Working on collective tasks : Social loafing and social compensation. In M. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds.), Group motivation : Social psychological perspectives (pp. 130-148). New York : Harvester Wheatsheaf.
RAUSCHER, F.H., SHAW, G.L. & KY, K.N. (1993). Music and spatial task performance. Nature, 365, 611.

Voir aussi Procrastination
Tâche (Analyse) : Job analysis.

 
SANCHEZ, J.I. & LEVINE, E.L. (1989). Determining important tasks within jobs : A policy capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 336-342.
BRANNICK, M.T., BRANNICK, J.P. & LEVINE, E.L. (1992). Job analysis, personnel selection and the ADA. Human Resource Management Review, 2, 171-182.
SANCHEZ, J.I. & LEVINE, E.L. (1999). Is job analysis dead, misunderstood or both ? New forms of work analysis and design. In A.I. Kraut & A.K. Korman (Eds.), Evolving practices in human resource management (pp. 43-68). San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
Tâche (Commutation) : Renvoie à la capacité d'un individu (flexibilité cognitive) de passer d'un stimulus à l'autre, d'une tâche à l'autre. Task switching, task-set switching.
 
NEILL, W.T. (1979). Switching attention within and between categories : Evidence for intracategory inhibition. Memory & Cognition, 7, 283-290. DIAMOND, A., CARLSON, S.M. & BECK. D.M. (2005). Preschool children's performance in task switching on the dimensional change card sort task : Separating the dimensions aids the ability to switch. Developmental Neuropsychology, 28, 689-729.
GROSSBERG, S. & STONE, G.O. (1985). Neural dynamics of attention switching and temporal order information in short-term memory. Memory & Cognition, 14, 451-468. MEIRAN, N. & CHOREV, Z. (2005). Phasic alertness and the residual task-switching cost. Experimental Psychology, 52, 109-124. [PDF]
MOULDEN, D.J.A., PICTON, T., MEIRAN, N., STUSS, D.T., RIERA, J.J. & VALDS-SOSA, P. (1998). Event related potentials when switching of attention between task sets. Brain & Cognition, 37, 186-190.
MEIRAN, N. (2000). Modeling cognitive control in task-switching. Psychological Research, 63, 234-249. [PDF]
MONSELL, S., YEUNG, N. & AZUMA, R. (2000). Reconfiguration of task-set : is it easier to switch to the weaker task ? Psychological Research, 63 (3-4), 250-264. SCHNEIDER, D.W. & LOGAN, G.D. (2007). Modeling task switching without switching tasks : A short-term priming account of explicitly cued performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 134 (3), 343-367.
MEIRAN, N., CHOREV, Z. & SAPIR, A. (2000). Component processes in task switching. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 211-253. [PDF]
ALLPORT, D.A. & WYLIE, G. (2000). Task-switching, stimulus-response bindings, and negative priming. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes : Attention and performance XVIII (pp. 35-70). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
MEIRAN, N., LEVINE, J., MEIRAN, N. & HENIK, A. (2000). Task set switching in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 14, 471-482.
GOSCHKE, T. (2000). Intentional reconfiguration and involuntary persistence in task-set switching. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes : Attention and performance XVIII (pp. 331-355). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
MEIRAN, N. (2000). Reconfiguration of stimulus task sets and response task sets during task switching. In S. Monsell & J. Driver (Eds.), Control of cognitive processes : Attention and performance (Vol. 18, pp. 377-399). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. [PDF]
MEIRAN, N., LEVNE, J., MEIRAN, N. & HENIK, A. (2000). Task set switching in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology, 14, 471–482. [PDF] LOGAN, G.D., SCHNEIDER, D.W. & BUNDESEN, C. (2007). Still clever after all these years : Searching for the homunculus in explicitly cued task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 33, 978-994.
CEPEDA, N.J., CEPEDA, M.L. & KRAMER, A.F. (2000). Task switching and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 213-226.
KRAY, J. & LINDENBERGER, U. (2000). Adult age differences in task switching. Psychology & Aging, 15 (1), 126-147. [PDF] RAVIZZA, S.M. & CARTER, C.S. (2008). Shifting set about task switching : Behavioral and neural evidence for distinct forms of cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2924-2935. [PDF]
MAYR, U. & KLIEGL, R. (2000). Task-set switching and long-term memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 26, 1124-1140.

MEIRAN, N. & GOTLER, A. (2001). Modeling cognitive control in task-switching and aging. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 13, 165-186. [PDF]
CEPEDA, N.J., KKRAMER, A.F. & GONZALEZ DE SATHER, J.C. (2001). Changes in executive control across the life span : Examination of task switching performance. Developmental Psychology, 37, 715-730.
SOHN, M.-H. & ANDERSON, J.R. (2001). Task preparation and task repetition : Two-component model of task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 130 (4), 764-778. SOHN, M.-H., URSU, S., ANDERSON, J.R., TENGER, V.A. & CARTER, C.S. (2000). The role of prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex in task-switching. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, 97, 13448-13453.
RUBINSTEIN, J.S., MEYER, D.E. & EVANS, J.E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 27, 763-797.
MEIRAN, N., HOMMEL, B., BIBI, U. & LEV I. (2002). Consciousness and control in task switching. Consciousness & Cognition, 11, 10-33. [PDF]
NIEUWENHUIS, S. & MONSELL, S. (2002). Residual costs in task switching : Testing the failure-to-engage hypothesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 9 (1), 86-92. [PDF]
MONSELL, S. (2003). Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 134-140. [PDF]
ALTMANN, E.M. (2003). Task switching and the pied homunculus : Where are we being led ? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 340-341. [PDF]
MONSELL, S. & YEUNG, N. (2003). Switching between tasks of unequal familiarity : the role of stimulus-attribute and response-set selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance, 29 (2), 455-469. BRAVERMAN, A. & MEIRAN, N. (2010). Task conflict effect in task switching. Psychological Research, 74, 568-578. [PDF]
MONSELL, S., SUMNER, P. & WATERS, H. (2003). Task-set reconfiguration with predictable and unpredictable task switches. Memory & Cognition, 31, 327-342. KARLE, J.W., WATTER, S. & SHEDDEN, J.M. (2010). Task switching in video game players : Benefits of selective attention but not resistance to proactive interference. Acta Psychologica, 134, 70-78.
ALTMANN, E.M. (2004). Advance preparing task switching : What work Is being done ? Psychological Science, 19 (9), 616-622. [PDF] VANDIERENDONCK, A., LIEFOOGHE, B. & VERBRUGGEN, F. (2010). Task switching : Interplay of reconfiguration and interference control. Psychological Bulletin, 136 (4), 601-626.
MEIRAN, N., FRIEDMAN, G. & YEHENE, Y. (2004). Parkinson's disease is associated with goal setting deficits during task switching. Brain & Cognition, 54, 260-262. [PDF] BASAK, C. & VERHAEGHEN, P. (2011). Aging and switching of the focus of attention in working memory : age differences in item availability but not in item accessibility. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B : Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences, 66 (5), 519-526. [PDF]
ARON, A., MONSELL, S., SAHAKAIN, B. & ROBBINS, T.W (2004). A componential analysis of task-set switching deficits associated with lesions of left and right frontal cortex. Brain, 127 (7), 1561-1573. GREEN, C.S., SUGARMAN, M.A., MEDFORD, K., KLOBUSICKY, E. & BAVELIER, D. (2012). The effect of action video game experience on task-switching. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 984-994.
CASEY, B.J., DAVIDSON, M.C., HARA, Y., THOMAS, K.M., MATINEZ, A., GALVAN, A., ALPERIN, J.M., RODRIGUEZ-ARANDA, C.E. & TOTTENHAM, N. (2004). Early development of subcortical regions involved in non-cued attention switching. Developmental Science, 7 (5), 534-542. [PDF] SCHNEIDER, D.W. (2019). On the role of attention in working memory for response selection in task switching. Journal of Cognition, 2 (1), 34, 1-4. [PDF]
Voir aussi Flexibilité cognitive et Décrochage cognitif
Tâche (Complexité) : Niveau de difficulté des tâches, de leur exécution aussi bien que de leur organisation. Task complexity.

 
HOGARTH, R.M. (1975). Decision time as a function of task complexity. In D. Wendt & C. Vlek (Eds.), Utility, probability, and human decision making (pp. 321-338). Dordrecht, Holland : Reidel Publishing Co.
HOGARTH, R.M. (1975). Decision time as a function of task complexity. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 13, 171-192.
PAYNE, J. (1976). Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making : An information search and protocol analysis. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 16, 366-387.
SWELLER, J. (1976). The effect of task complexity and sequence on rule learning and problem solving. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 553-558.
HARKINS, S. & PETTY, R. (1982). Effects of task difficulty and task uniqueness on social loafing. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 43, 1214-1229.
JACKSON, J.M. & WILLIAMS, K.D. (1985). Social loafing on difficult tasks : Working collectively can improve performance. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 49, 937-942.

Voir aussi Complexité, Organisation et Tâche
Tâche (Enrichissement) : Tâche, organisation et travail. Job enrichment.

 
PARKER, S.K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy : The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 835-852.
Tâche (Multi-) : Terme dérivé de l'informatique. Se dit d'un ordinateur qui exécute simultanément deux tâches (notamment grâce aux microprocesseur multi-cœur). Chez un organisme, capacité d'exécuter deux tâches à la fois, en alternant l'une et l'autre ou en les exécutant simultanément ou quasi-simultanément. Cette capacité est d'autant plus grande que le sujet maîtrise les habiletés qui permettent d'accomplir les tâches en question (= expert). En revanche, en phase d'apprentissage de ces habiletés, l'efficacité des sujets diminue, souvent de manière con (l'apprentissage se fait plus lentement et les erreurs s'accumulent). Le multitâche est fréquent lorsqu'on utilise en même temps un ordinateur ou un téléphone ou lorsqu'on conduit une voiture. Multitâche, erreur et attention partagée. =Alternance des tâches. Multitasking, dual-task processing, overlapping-task performance, academic distractibility, task switching, task alternation time, Homo zappiens.

 
BOTWINICK, J., BRINLEY, J.F. & ROBBIN, J.S. (1958). Task alternation time in relation to problem difficulty and age. Journal of Gerontology, 13, 414-417. SALVUCCI, D.D., TAATGEN, N.A. & KUSHLEYEVA, Y. (2006). Learning when to switch tasks in a dynamic multitasking environment. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Cognitive Modeling (pp. 268-273). Trieste, Italy : Edizioni Goliardiche.
SPELKE, E., HIRST, W. & NEISSER, U. (1976). Skills of divided attention. Cognition, 4, 215-230. FOERDE, K., KNOWLTON, B.-J. & POLDRACK, R.-A. (2006). Modulation of competing memory systems by distraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 103, 11778-11783. [PDF]
SALVUCCI, D.D. (2006). Modeling driver behavior in a cognitive architecture. Human Factors, 48, 362-380.
BRUMBY, D.P. & SALVUCCI, D.D. (2006). Exploring human multitasking strategies from a cognitive constraint approach. In Proceedings of the 28th annual conference of the cognitive science society (pp. 2451). Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
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JEONG, S. & FISHBEIN, M. (2007). Predictors of multitasking with media : Media factors and audience factors. Media Psychology, 10 (3), 364-384.
DE JONG, R. (1995). The role of preparation in overlapping-task performance. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Experimental Psychology, 48 (A), 2-25. LEVINE, L.E., WAITE, B.M. & BOWMAN, L.L. (2007). Electronic media use, reading, and academic distractibility in college youth. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10 (4), 560-566. [PDF]
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BARON, N. (2008). Adjusting the volume : Technology and multitasking in discourse control. In J.E. Katz (Ed.), Mobile communication and social change in a global context (pp. 177-195). Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press.
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PESTA, B.J., SANDERS, R.E. & NEMEC, R.J. (1996). Older adults' strategic superiority with mental multiplication : A generation effect assessment. Experimental Aging Research, 22, 155-169. SALVUCCI, D.D. & TAATGEN, N.A. (2008). Threaded cognition : An integrated theory of concurrent multitasking. Psychological Review, 115 (1), 101-130. [PDF]
MEYER, D.E. & KIERAS, D.E. (1997). A computational theory of executive control processes and human multiple-task performance: Part 1. Basic Mechanisms. Psychological Review, 104, 3-65. CARRIER, L.M., CHEEVER, N.A., ROSEN, L.D., BENITEZ, S. & CHANG, J. (2009). Multi-tasking across generations : multi-tasking choices and difficulty ratings in three generations of Americans. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 483-489. [PDF]
LIN, L, ROBERTSON, T. & LEE, J. (2009). Reading performances between novices and experts in different media multitasking environments. Computers in the Schools, 26 (3), 169-186.
WYLIE, G. & ALLPORT, A. (2000). Task switching and the measurement of "switch costs". Psychology Reports, 63 (3-4), 212-233 OPHIR, E., NASS, C. & WAGNER, A.D. (2009). Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (37), 15583-1558. [PDF]
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GOPHER, D., ARMONY, L. & GREENSHPAN, Y. (2000). Switching tasks and attention policies. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 129, 308-339. ELLIS, Y., DANIELS, B. & JAUREGUI, A. (2010). The effect of multitasking on the grade performance of business students. Research in Higher Education Journal, 8, 1-10. [PDF]
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STRAYERS, D.L. & JOHNSTON, W.A. (2001). Driven to distraction : Dual-task studies of simulated driving and conversing on a cellular phone. Psychological Science, 12, 462-466. [PDF] KRAUSHAAR, J.M. & NOVAK, D.C. (2010). Examining the affects of student multitasking with laptops during the lecture.Journal of Information Systems Education, 21 (2), 241-252. [PDF]
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BRASEL, S.A.& GIPS, J. (2011). Media multitasking behavior : Concurrent television and computer usage. Cyberpsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14, 527-534.
SALVUCCI, D.D. & TAATGEN, N.A. (2011). The multitasking mind. New York : Oxford University Press.
JUDD, T. & KENNEDY, G. (2011). Measurement and evidence of computer-based task switching and multitasking by "net generation" students. Computers & Education, 56 (3), 625–631.
RUBINSTEIN, J.S., MEYER, D.E. & EVANS, J.E. (2001). Executive control of cognitive processes intask switchig. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 27 (4), 763-797. [PDF] STRAYER, D.L., WATSON, J.M. & DREWS, F.A. (2011). Cognitive distraction while multitasking in the automobile. In B. Ross (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 54, pp. 29-58). Burlington : Academic Press. [PDF]
BEILOCK, S.L., CARR, T.H., MacMAHON, C. & STARKES, J.L. (2002). When paying attention becomes counterproductive : Impact of divided versus skill-focused attention on novice and experienced performance of sensorimotor skills. Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied, 8, 6-16. [PDF] WOOD, E., ZIVCAKOVA, L., GENTILE, P., ARCHER, K., DE PSQUALE, D. & NOSKO, A. (2012). Examining the impact of off-task multi-tasking with technology on real-time classroom learning. Computers & Education, 58 (1), 365-374. [PDF]
WANG, Z. & TCHERNEV, J.M. (2012). The "myth" of media multitasking : Reciprocal dynamics of media multitasking, personal needs, and gratifications. Journal of Communication, 62, 493-513. [PDF]
MORENO, M.A., JELENCHICK, L.A., KOFF, R., EIKOFF, J., DIERMYER, C. & CHRISTAKIS, D.A. (2012). Internet use and multitasking among older adolescents : An experience sampling approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1097-102.
JUNCO, R. & COTTEN, S.R. (2012). No a 4 U: The relationship between multitasking and academic performance. Computers & Education, 59 (2), 505–514.
ALZAHABI, R. & BECKER, M.W. (2013). The association between media multitasking, task-switching, and dual-task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 39 (5), 1485–1495.
VOORVELD, H.A. & VAN DER GROOT, M. (2013). Age differences in media multitasking : A diary study. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57 (3), 392-408.
SUBRAHMANYAM, K., MICHIKYAN, M., CLEMMONS, C., CARRILLO, R., UHLS, Y.T. & GREENFIELD, P.M. (2013). Learning from paper, learning from screens : Impact of screen reading and multitasking conditions on reading and writing among college students. International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology, & Learning, 3 (4), 1–27.
PASHLER, H., KANG, S.H.K. & IP, R.Y. (2013). Does multitasking impair studying ? Depends on timing. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 593–599.
YAP, J.Y. & LIM, S.W.H. (2013). Media multitasking predicts unitary versus splitting visual focal attention. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25, 889-902.
HAZELTINE, E., TEAGUE, D. & IVRY, R.B. (2002). Simultaneous dual-task performance reveals parallel response selection after practice. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 28, 527-545. SANA, F., WESTON, T. & CEPEDA, N.J. (2013). Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers. Computers & Education, 62, 24-31. [PDF]
MINEAR, M., BRASHER, F., McCURDY, M., LEWIS, J. & YOUNGGREN, A. (2013). Working memory, fluid intelligence, and impulsiveness in heavy media multitaskers. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 20 (6), 1274-1281. [PDF]
KONOVA, A. (2013). Multitasking across borders : a cross-national study of media multitasking behaviors, its antecedents, and outcomes. International Journal of Communication, 7, 1688-1710.
SANBONMATSU, D.M., STRAYER, D.L., MEIDEROS-WARD, N. & WATSON, J.M. (2013). Who multi-tasks and why ? Multi-tasking ability, perceived multi-tasking ability, impulsivity, and sensation seeking. PLOS One, 8 (1), 1-8. [PDF]
LOH, K.K. & KANAI, R. (2014). Higher media multi-tasking activity is associated with smaller gray-matter density in the anterior cingulate cortex. PLoS One, 9 (9), 1-9. [PDF]
YEYKELIS, L., CUMMINGS, J.J. & REEVES, B. (2014). Multitasking on a single device: Arousal and the frequency, anticipation, and prediction of switching between media content on a computer. Journal of Communication, 64 (1), 167-192
HWANG, Y., KIM, H. & JEONG, S. (2014). Why do media users multitask ? : Motives for general, medium-specific, and content-specific types of multitasking. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 542–548.
JUDD, T. (2014). Making sense of multitasking : The role of Facebook. Computers & Education, 70, 194–202.
HEMBROOKE, H. & GAY, G. (2003). The laptop and the lecture : The effects of multitasking in learning environments. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 15 (1), 46–64. VAN DUR SCHUUR, W.A., BAUMGARTNER, S.E., SUMTER, S.R. & VALKENBURG, P.M. (2015). The consequences of media multitasking for youth : A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 204–215. [PDF]
BERTI, S. & SCHRÖGER, E. (2003). Working memory controls involuntary attention switching : Evidence from an auditory distraction paradigm. European Journal of Neuroscience, 17 (5), 1119-1122. LIN, L., COCKERHAM, D., CHANG, Z. & NATIVIDAD, G. (2015). Task speed and accuracy decrease when multitasking. Technology, Knowledge & Learning, 21 (3), 307–323
BELLUR, S., NOWAK, K.L. & HULL, K.S. (2015). Make it our time : In class multitaskers have lower academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 63–70.
CHINCHANACHOKCHAI, S., DUFF, B.R. & SAR, S. (2015). The effect of multitasking on time perception, enjoyment, and ad evaluation. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 185–191.
MONSELL, S. (2003). Task switching. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 134-140. [PDF] ZHANG, W. (2015). Learning variables, in-class laptop multitasking and academic performance : A path analysis. Computers & Education, 81, 82–88
COURAGE, M.L., BAKHTIAR, A., FITZPATRICK, C., KENNY, S. & BRANDEAU, K. (2015). Growing up multitasking : The costs and benefits for cognitive development. Developmental Review, 35, 5–41.
DOWNS, E., TRAN, A., MCMENEMY, R. & ABEGAZE, N. (2015). Exam performance and attitudes toward multitasking in six, multimedia-multitasking classroom environments. Computers & Education, 86, 250-259.
CAIN, M.S., LEONARD, J.A., GABRIELI, J.D. & FINN, A.S. (2016). Media multitasking in adolescence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23 (6), 1932-1941.
CALDERWOOD, C., GREEN, J.D., JOY-GABA, J.A. & MOLONEY, J.M. (2016). Forecasting errors in student media multitasking during homework completion. Computers & Education, 94, 37–48.
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ALTMANN, E.M. (2003). Task switching and the pied homunculus : Where are we being led ? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, 340-341. [PDF] HOLLINGWORTH, A. & BECK, V.M. (2016). Memory-based attention capture when multiple items are maintained in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception & Performance, 42 (7), 911–917.
CAIN, M.S., LEONARD, J.A., GABRIELI, J.D. & FINN, A.S. (2016). Media multitasking in adolescence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23 (6), 1932–1941. [P(2016). DF]
MOISALA, M., SALMELA, V., HIETJÄRVI, L., SALO, E., CARLSON, S., SALONEN, O., LONKA, K., HAKKARAINEN, K., SALMELA-ARO, K., ALHO, K. (2016). Media multitasking is associated with distractibility and increased prefrontal activity in adolescents and young adults. Neuroimage, 134, 113-121.
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BAUMGARTNER, S.E., LEMMENS, J.S., WEEDA, W.D. & HUIZINGA, M. (2016). Measuring media multitasking : development of a short measure of media multitasking for adolescents. Journal of Media Psychology, 29 (2), 92-101.
ANDERSON, G. S., COURTNEY, A., PLECAS, D. & CHAMBERLIN, C. (2005). Multi-tasking behaviors of general duty police officers. Police Practice & Research, 6 (1), 39- 48. LAU, W.W.F. (2017). Effects of social media usage and social media multitasking on the academic performance of university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 286–291.
KUSHLEYEVA, Y., SALVUCCI, D.D. & LEE, F.J. (2005). Deciding when to switch tasks in time-critical multitasking. Cognitive Systems Research, 6, 41-49. [PDF] PATTERSON, M.C. (2017). A naturalistic investigation of media multitasking while studying and the effects on exam performance. Society for the Teaching of Psychology, 44 (1), 51-57. [PDF]
KIRSCHNER, P.A. & DE BRUYCKERE, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching & Teacher Education, 67, 135-142. [PDF]
SALVUCCI, D.D. (2005). A multitasking general executive for compound continuous tasks. Cognitive Science, 29, 457-492. [PDF] MAY, K.E. & ELDER, A.D. (2018). Efficient, helpful, or distracting ? A literature review of media multitasking in relation to academic performance. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15 [13], 1-17. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Attention partagée, Distraction, TDAH, Charge cognitive, Génération internet et Conduite automobile
Tâche (Organisation/Division/Partage) : Ensemble des règles et des principes qui régissent l'organisation du travail, donc de ce qu'il faut faire au sein d'un groupe ou d'une entreprise. La division des tâches consiste à partager l'ensemble du travail en petites unités, que l'on nomme fonctions ou tâches. Task structure.

DEUTSCH, M. (1951). Task structure and group process. American Psychologist, 6, 324-325.  McGRATH, J.E., ARROW, J.E., GRUENFELD, D.H., HOLLONGSHEAD, A.B. & O'COONER, K.M. (1993). Groups, tasks, and technology : the effects of experience and change. Small Group Research, 24, 406-420.
HAGMAN, J.D. & ROSE, A.M. (1983). Retention of military tasks : A review. Human Factors, 23, 199-213.
BENBASAT, I. & LIM, L.H. (1984). The effects of group, task, context, and technology variables on the usefulness of group support systems : a meta-analysis of experimental studies. Small Group Research, 24, 430-462.  BUEHLER, R., GRIFFIN, D. & ROSS, M. (1994). Exploring the planning fallacy : Why people underestimate their task completion times. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 67, 366-381.
ZACCARO, S.J. & McCOY, M.C. (1988). The effects of task and interpersonal cohesiveness on performance of a disjunctive group task. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 18, 837-851.  LAM, S.S.K. (1997). The effects of group decision support systems and task structures on group communication and decision quality. Journal of Management Information Systems Archive, 13 (4), 193-215.
ZACCARO, S.J. & LOWE, C.A. (1988). Cohesiveness and performance on an additive task : evidence for multidimensionality. Journal of Social Psychology, 128, 547-558.  MANSON, T.M., LEVINE, E.L. & BRANNICK, M. (2000). The construct validity of task inventory ratings : A multi-trait multi-method analysis. Human Performance, 13, 1-22.
 
Voir aussi Tâche, Organisation, Procrastination et Travail
Tâche d'identification des concepts : Concept identification task.

 
RAAIJMAKERS, J.G.W. (1981). A general framework for the analysis of concept identification tasks. Acta Psychologica, 49, 233-261. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Concept et Tâche
Tâche de Conservation de Piaget : Voir Conservation de Piaget. Piagetian conservation task.

Types d'épreuve ou de tâche
Conservation des liquides Conservation des masses Conservation du nombre
Conservation des quantités
 
Tâche de décision de Bechara : Bechara's Gambling Task.

  BECHARA, A., DAMASIO, A.R., DAMASIO, H. & ANDERSON, S.W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human pre-frontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7-15.
BUSEMEYER, J.R. & STOUT, J.C. (2002). A contribution of cognitive decision models to clinical assessment : Decomposing performance on the Bechara gambling task. Psychological Assessment, 14 (3), 253–262.

Voir aussi Tâche, Posner et Lettre
Tâche de décision d'Iowa : Iowa gambling task, IGT.

 
EVANS, C.E., KEMISH, K. & TURNBULL, O.H. (2004). Paradoxical effects of education on the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain & Cognition, 54 (3), 240-244. CELLA, M., DYMOND, S., COOPER, A. & TURNBULL, O. (2007). Effects of decision-phase time constraints on emotion-based learning in the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain & Cognition, 64 (2), 164-169.
BOWMAN, C.H. & TURNBULL, O.H. (2004). Emotion-based learning on a simpli ed card game : the Iowa and Bangor Gambling Tasks. Brain & Cognition, 55 (2), 277-282. SEVY, S., BURDICK, K.E., VISWESWARAIAH, H., ABDELMESSIH, S., LUKIN, M., YECHIAM, E. & BECHARA, A. (2007). Iowa gambling task in schizophrenia : a review and new data in patients with schizophrenia and co-occurring cannabis use disorders. Schizophrenia Research, 92 (1-3), 74-84.
EVANS, C.E., BOWMAN, C.H. & TURNBULL, O.H. (2005). Subjective awareness on the Iowa Gambling Task : The key role of emotional experience in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 27 (6), 656-664. VRIES, M.D., HOLLAND, R.W. & WITTEMAN, C.L. (2008). In the winning mood : A ect in the Iowa gambling task. Judgment & Decision Making, 3 (1), 42-50.
TURNBULL, O.H., EVANS, C.E., BUNCE, A., CARZOLIO, B. & O'CONNOR, J. (2005). Emotion-based learning and central executive resources : An investigation of intuition and the Iowa Gambling Task. Brain & Cognition, 57 (3), 244-247. BAKOS, D.S., DENBURG, N., FONSECA, R.P. & DE MATTOS PIMENTA PARENTE, M.A. (2010). A cultural study on decision making : Performance differences on the Iowa Gambling Task between selected groups of Brazilians and Americans. Psychology & Neuroscience, 3, 101-107.
BAGNEUX, B., THOMASSIN, N., GONTHIER, C. & ROULIN, J.L. (2013). Working memory in the processing of the Iowa Gambling Task : an individual differences approach. PloS one, 8, e81498.
Voir aussi Tâche et Décision
Tâche de dénomination rapide : Tâche développée par Denckla et Rudel (1976), qui consiste à nommer le plus rapidement possible une série d'éléments (couleurs, chiffres, lettres ou ) présentés sur une feuille de papier ou un écran. Cette tâche est utilisée pour prédire l'apprentissage de la lecture et pour diagnostiquer la dyslexie. Rapid Automatized Naming, RAN.

 
DENCKLA, M.B. & RUDEL, R.G. (1976). Naming of objects by dyslexic and other learning-disabled children. Brain & Language, 3, 1-15.
DENCKLA, M.B. & RUDEL, R.G. (1976). Rapid automatized naming (R.A.N.) : Dyslexia differentiated from other learning disabilities. Neuropsychologia, 14, 471-479.
MISRA, M., KATZIR, T., WOLF, M. & POLDRACK, R.A. (2004). Neural systems for rapid automatized naming in skilled readers : unraveling the RAN-Reading relationship. Scientific Studies of Reading, 8 (3), 241-256.
Voir aussi Tâche et Nommer rapidement
Tâche de jugement de Asch : Tâche de groupe élaborée par Asch, qui consiste à trouver quelle ligne, parmi un choix de 3 lignes (A-B-C), est de longueur identique à la ligne-étalon X. Cette tâche permet de mettre en évidence et d'évaluer le conformisme. = test de Asch. Asch's line judgment task.

 
ASCH, S.E. (1951). Effects of group pressure on the modification and distortion of judgments. In H. Guetzkow (Ed.), Groups, leadership and men (pp. 177-190). Pittsburgh, PA : Carnegie Press.
ASCH, S.E. (1956). Studies of independence and conformity : a minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs : General & Applied, 70 (9), 1-70. [PDF]
BOND, R. & SMITH, P. (1996). Culture and conformity : a meta-analysis of studies using Asch's (1952, 1956). line judgment task. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 111-137. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Tâche, Conformisme et Asch
Tâche de jugement d'identité de lettres : Tâche développée par Posner, qui consiste à comparer des lettres. = tâche de reconnaissance des lettres.
 
Voir aussi Tâche, Posner et Lettre
Tâche de Morris : Voir Labyrinthe sous-marin. Watermaze, Morris swimming pool, Morris water-maze, swimming pool navigation tasks.
Tâche de Piaget : Voir tâche de conservation de Piaget. Piagetian conservation task.
Tâche de rappel : Tâche utilisée dans les expériences sur la mémoire pour mesurer la capacité de rappel des participants. Elle comporte habituellement deux étapes : 1) Le participant doit d'abord mémoriser une liste de mots, de chiffre ou de syllabes non-sens; 2) Il doit ensuite écrire ou dire ces mots ou ces syllabes, ce qui permet au chercheur d'évaluer sa capacité de rappel. ( ): tâche Brown-Peterson, tâche de Sternberg. Task.
 
TURNER, M.L. & ENGLE, R.W. (1989). Is working memory capacity task dependent ? Journal of Memory & Language, 28, 127-154.
 
Voir aussi Tâche
Tâche de rappel Brown-Peterson : Tâche de rappel développé par Brown pour montrer l'effet d'interférence, et qui consiste d'abord à présenter aux participants de deux groupes distincts une suite de trois consonnes (EX: P-Z-V). Immédiatement après cette présentation, on demande au premier groupe (groupe de contrôle) de se rappeler les consonnes et au second groupe (groupe expérimental) de se livrer à une tâche de comptage à rebours à partir d'un nombre composé de trois chiffres, de 3 en 3 (EX: 777-774-771, etc.) avant d'effectuer la tâche de rappel des consonnes. La tâche de comptage s'effectue à haute voix au rythme d'un métronome. L'analyse des résultats indique sans surprise que le rappel immédiat (groupe 1) suscite un excellent rappel des consonnes tandis que le rappel précédé de la tâche de comptage à rebours interfère avec la mémoire à court terme, tant et si bien que le rappel est nul lorsque cette tâche dure plus de 18 secondes. Brown-Peterson's task.
 
BROWN, J. (1958). Some tests of the decay theory of immediate memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 10, 12-21.

Voir aussi Tâche
Tâche de sélection de Wason : Tâche logique, développée par Wason, qui met en évidence l'usage de l'implication (modus tollens et modus ponens). Tâche de Wason et raisonnement. Wason selection task.
   
WASON, P.C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypothesis in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14, 129-140. FIDDICK, L., COSMIDES, L. & TOOBY, J. (2000). No interpretation without representation : The role of domain-specific representations in the Wason selection task. Cognition, 77, 1-79.
WASON, P.C. & SHAPIRO, D. (1966). Natural and contrived experience in a reasoning problem. In B.M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology. Harmondsworth : Penguin.  LEIGHTON, J.P. & DAWSON, M.R.W. (2001). A parallel processing model of Wason's card selection task. Cognitive Systems Research, 2-3, 207-231.
GRIGGS, R. & COX, J. (1982). The elusive thematic-materials effect in Wason's selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 73, 407-420. VAN DER HENST, J.-B. (2002). Le raisonnement humain. In G. Politzer (Ed.), Une interprétation pragmatique de la tâche de Wason. Hermès.
TUKEY, D.D. (1986). A philosophical and empirical analysis of subjects' modes of inquiry in Wason's 2-4-6 task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38A, 5-33.
COSMIDES, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange : Has natural selection shaped how humans reason ? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31 (3), 187-276. [PDF] MAYO, R., ALFASI, D. & SCHWARZ N. (2014). Distrust and the positive test heuristic : Dispositional and situated social distrust improves performance on the Wason rule discovery task. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 143 (3), 985-990. [PDF]

  Voir aussi Wason et Tâche

Tâche de Sternberg : Tâche de rappel développé par Sternberg qui consiste à présenter au participant des listes de 1 à 6 chiffres. À la fin de chaque liste, on présente au participant un chiffre-cible et on lui demande de dire si ce chiffre fait partie ou non de la liste mémorisée. L'analyse des résultats révèlent que le temps de réaction lors du rappel augmente de façon linéraire en fonction du nombre de chiffres de la liste et ce, que le chiffre-cible appartienne ou non à la liste. Selon Sternberg, ces résultats indiquent que le rappel en mémoire à court terme s'effectue au moyen d'un balayage exhaustif par comparaison séquentielle de l'information-cible et de l'information en mémoire à court terme. Sternerg's task.
 
STERNBERG, S. (1966). High-speed scanning in human memory. Science, 153, 652-654.
 
Voir aussi Tâche
Tâche de Stroop : Voir Effet Stroop. Stroop effect, Stroop test, Stroop task, Stroop phenomenon, Stroop color-word performance, Stroop process.
Tâche double : Tâche cognitive qui consiste à demander aux participants de réaliser simultanément deux tâches. = tâche concurrente. Tâche double et multi-tache. Dual task.
 
Voir aussi Tâche
Tâche domestique : Ensemble des tâches qui consistent à s'occuper de l'organisation familliale et à nettoyer et à entrenir son domicile et son environnement immédiat (cours, jardin, balcon, stationnement, garage). Tâches et division des tâches. = tâche ménagère, tâche courante. Family work, housework, household labor, separation of work, domestic division of labour.
 
VANDELAC, L. (Dir.) (1985). Du travail et de l'amour. Les dessous de la production domestique. Montréal : Éditions Saint-Martin. BREEN, R. & COOKE, L.P. (2005). The persistence of the gendered division of domestic labour. European Sociological Review, 21 (1), 43-57.
BARNETT, R.C. & BARUCH, G.K. (1987). Determinants of fathers' participation in family work. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 49, 29-40. GEIST, C. (2005). The welfare state and the home : regime differences in the domestic division of labour. European Sociological Review, 21, 23-41.
MOSS, P., FOXMAN, R. & OWEN, C. (1987). The division of household work during the transition to parenthood. Journal of Reproductive & Infant Psychology, 5 (2), 71-86. CUNNINGHAM, M. (2005). Gender in cohabitation and marriage : the influence of gender ideology on housework allocation over the life course. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 1037-1061.
COLTRANE, S. (1990). Birth timing and the division of labor in dual-earner families. Journal of Family Issues, 11, 157-181. BAXTER, J. (2005). To marry or not to marry : marital status and the household division of labor. Journal of Family Issues, 26, 300-321.
MERCIER, L. (1990). Le quotidien et le partage des tâches. dans D. Lemieux (Dir.), Familles d'aujourd'hui. Québec, Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture : 143-155.
BIERNAT, M. & WHORTMAN, C.B. (1991). Sharing of home responsibilities between professionally employed women and their husbands. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60, 844-860.
BAXTER, J. (1992). Power attitudes and time : the domestic division of labour. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 23, 165-182.
ALWIN, D.F., BRAUN, M. & SCOTT, J. (1992). The separation of work and the family: attitudes towards women's labour- force participation in Germany, Great Britain, and the United States. European Sociological Review, 8, 13-37.
PRESSER, H.B. (1994). Employment schedules among dual-earner spouses and the division of household labor by gender. American Sociological Review, 59, 348-364.
GLASS, J. & FUJIMOTO, T. (1994). Housework, paid work, and depression among husbands and wives. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 35, 179-191.
BRINES, J. (1994). Economic dependency, gender, and the division of labor at home. American Journal of Sociology, 100, 652-688. FUWA, M. & COHEN, P.N. (2006). Housework and social policy. Social Science Research, 36, 512-530.
MILGRAM, N.A. & MARSHEVSKY, S. (1995). Correlates of academic procrastination : Discomfort, task aversiveness, and task capability. Journal of Psychology, 129 (2), 144-145.
HERSCH, J. & STRATTON, L.S. (1997). Housework, fixed effects, and wages of married workers. Journal of Human Resources, 32 (2), 285-307. COOKE, L.P. (2006). Doing gender in context : household bargaining and risk of divorce in Germany and the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 112, 442-472.
GUPTA, S. (1999). The effects of transitions in marital status on men's performance of housework. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 61, 700-711. COOKE, L.P. (2006). Policy, preferences, and patriarchy: the division of domestic labor in East Germany, West Germany, and the United States. Social Politics : International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 13, 117-143.
BIRD, CE. (1999). Gender, household labor, and psychological distress : The impact of the amount and division of housework. Journal of Health & Social Behavior, 40, 32-45.
PRESSER, H.B. (2000). Nonstandard work schedules and marital instability. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 62, 93-110. HANK, K. & JURGES, H. (2007). Gender and the division of household labor in older couples : a European perspective. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 399-421.
GREENSTEIN, T.N. (2000). Economic dépendance, gender, and the division of labor in the home : A replication and extension. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 62, 322,335.
STOHS, J.H. (2000). Multicultural women's experience of household labor, conflicts, and equity. Sex Roles, 42, 339-361.
SULLIVAN,O. (2000). The division of domestic labour : twenty years of change ? Sociology, 34, 437-456.
BAXTER, J. (2000). The joys and justice of housework. Sociology, 34, 609-631.
BIANCHI, S.M., MILKIE, M.A., SAYER, L.C. & ROBINSON J.P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework ? Trends in the gender division of household labor. Social Forces, 79, 191-228. BONKE, J., DEDING, M. LAUSTEN, M. & STRATTON, L.S. (2008). Intrahousehold specialization in housework in the United States and Denmark. Social Science Quarterly, 89 (4), 1023-1043.
LAROCHE, D. (2001). Le partage du temps productif et des tâches domestiques. Institut de la statistique du Québec, Portrait social du Québec. GEIST, C. (2009). One Germany, two worlds of housework ? Examining employed single and partnered women in the decade after unification. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 40 (3), 415-437. [PDF]
DES RIVIÈRES-PIGEON, C., DESCARRIES, F., GOULET, L. et SÉGUIN, L. (2001). Le partage des tâches domestiques et les problèmes dépressifs : une analyse de la situation des nouvelles mères au Québec. Féminin Pluriel, 14 (2), 5-26. [PDF] GEIST, C. (2010). Gendered views of domestic labor : Cross-national variation in men's and women's' reports of housework. in J. Treas & S. Drobnic (Eds.), Dividing the domestic : Women, men and housework in cross-national perspective. Stanford : Stanford University Press.
BLANE, L., BERNEY, L. & MONTGOMERY, S.M. (2001). Domestic labour, paid employment and women's Health : Analysis of Life course data. Social Science & Medicine, 52, 959-965.
STEVENS, D., KIGER, G. & RILEY, P. (2001). Working hard and hardly working : Domestic labor and marital satisfaction among dual-earner couples. Journal of Marriage & Family, 63, 504-526.
BATALOVA, J.A. & COHEN, P.N. (2002). Premarital cohabitation and housework : Couples in cross-national perspective. Journal of Marriage & Family, 64, 743-755. GEIST, C. & COHEN, P.N. ( 2011). Headed toward equality ? Housework change in comparative perspective. Journal of Marriage & Family, 73, 832-844.
FRISCO, M.L. & WILLIAMS, K. (2003). Perceived housework equity, marital happiness, and divorce in dual-earner households. Journal of Family Issues, 24, 51-73. STRATTON, L.S. (2012). The role of preferences and opportunity costs in determining the time allocated to housework. American Economic Review, 102 (2), 60-611.
FUWA, M. (2004). Macro-level gender inequality and the division of household labor in 22 countries. American Sociological Review, 69, 751-767. HIRSCH, B. & KONIETZKO, T. (2013).The effect of housework on wages in Germany : No impact at all. Journal for Labour Market Research, 46 (2), 103-118.
COOKE, L.P. (2004). The gendered division of labor and family outcomes in Germany. Journal of Marriage & Family, 66 (5), 1246-1259. BURDA, M., HAMERMESH, D.S. & WEIL, P. (2013). Total work and gender : Facts and possible explanations. Journal of Population Economics, 26 (1), 239-261.
DAVIS, S.N. & GREENSTEIN, T.N. (2004). Cross-national variations in the division of household labor. Journal of Marriage & Family, 66, 1260-1271. STANCANELLI, E.G.F. & STRATTON, L.S. (2014). Maids, appliances, and couples housework : The demand for inputs to domestic production. Economica, 81 [323], 445-467.
KOSKA, A. (2004). Divisions of domestic work : revising and expanding the theoretical explanations. Journal of Family Issues, 25, 900-932. KABATEK, J., VAN SOEST, A. & STANCANELLI, E.G.F. (2014). Income taxation, labour supply and housework : A discrete choice model for French couples. Labour, 27, 30-43.
CUBBINS, L.A. & VANNOY, D. (2004). Division of household labor as a source of contention for married and cohabiting couples in metropolitan Moscow. Journal of Family Issues, 25, 182-215. STRATTON, L.S. (2015). the determinants of housework time boosting the efficiency of household production could have large economic effects. IZA World of Labor, 133, 1-10. [PDF]
 
Voir Tâche, Père absent, Satisfaction conjugale, Procrastination et Implication/Parent
Tâche motrice : Tâche qui, pour être exécutée, nécessite l'usage des muscles. Tâche, dévelppement moteur et habiletés motrices. Motor task, locomotor task.

   
KRUEGER, W.C.F. (1947). Influence of difficulty of perceptual-motor task upon acceleration of curves of learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 38 (1), 51-53.
WYCKOFF, L.B. & SIDOWSKI, J.B. (1955). Probability discrimination in a motor task. Journal of Experimental Psychology 50 (4), 225
STRAUSS, B. (2002). Social facilitation in motor tasks : A review of research and theory. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 3, 237-256. [PDF]
BERGER, S.E. & ADOLPH, K.E. (2003). Infants use handrails as tools in a locomotor task. Developmental Psychology, 39, 594-605.
MAMASSIAN, P. (2008). Overconfidence in an objective anticipatory motor task. Psychological Science, 19 (6), 601-606. [PDF]

Voir aussi Locomotion, Préhension, Marcher, Habileté motrice et Tâche
 
Tâche perceptuelle : Perceptual task.

 
KRUEGER, W.C.F. (1947). Influence of difficulty of perceptual-motor task upon acceleration of curves of learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 38 (1), 51-53.
 
Voir aussi Tâche
Tâche simultanée : Dual-Task Performance.

 
SIGMAN, M. & DEHAENE, S. (2008). Brain mechanisms of serial and parallel processing during dual-task performance. Journal of Neuroscience, 28 (30), 7585-7598.
 
Voir aussi Tâche
Tâche visuospatiale : Spatial task.

 
RAUSCHER, F.H., SHAW, G.L. & KY, K.N. (1993). Music and spatial task performance. Nature, 365, 611.
 
Voir aussi Tâche
Tachylalie : Du grec tacky qui signifie "vitesse". Chez les schizophrènes, accélération du débit verbal qui rend le discours incompréhensible. Tachylia.
 
Tact (Con-) : Concept développé par Skinner pour désigner un lien ou un "con-tact" entre un mot (ou comportement verbal) et un objet (stimulus), lien qui peut-être renforcé ou puni et ainsi augmenter ou diminuer la fréquence de ce comportement dans le répertoire. Tact et commande. = contact avec les contingences, contact verbal. Tact.

 
Comportements verbaux
Commande (mand) Comportement autoclitic Comportement intraverbal
(con-)Tact Comportement échoïque  
 
 
SKINNER, B.F. (1957). Verbal behavior. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. SUNDBERG, M.L., ENDICOTT, K. & EIGENHEER, P. (2000). The use of intraverbal prompts to teach tacts to children with autism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 17, 89-104. [PDF]
WENRICH, W.W. (1964).The tact relation : An experiment in verbal behavior. Journal of General Psychology, 71,71-78. LOWE, F.C., HORNE, P.J., HARRIS, F.D. & RANDLE, V.R.L. (2002). Naming and categorization in young children : vocal tact training. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 78 (3), 527-549. [PDF]
LEMARRE, J. & HOLLAND, J.G. (1985). The functional independence of mands and tacts. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 43 (1), 5-19. [PDF] ARNTZEN, E. & ALMAAS, I.K. (2002). Effects of mand-tact vs. tact-only training on the acquisition of tacts. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35 (4), 419-422. [PDF]
PLACE, U.T. (1985). Three senses of the word "tact". Behaviorism, 13 (1), 63-74. GREER, R.D. & NIRGUDKAR, A. (2003). The effects of multiple exemplar instruction on the transformation of mand and tact function. The 29 Annual Conference of the Association for Behavior Analysis, San Francisco.
SKINNER, B.F. (1985). Reply to Place : Three senses of the word "tact". Behaviorism, 13 (1), 75-76. NUZZOLO-GOMEZ, R. & GREER, R.D. (2004). Emergence of untaught mands or tacts of novel adjective-object pairs as a function of instructional history. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 20, 63-76. [PDF]
CARROLL R.J. & HESSE, B.E. (1987). The effects of alternating mand and tact training on the acquisition of tacts. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 5, 55-65. [PDF] LOWE, F.C., HORNE, P.J. & HUGHES, J.C. (2005). Naming and categorization in young children : III. Vocal tact training and transfer of function. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 83 (1), 47-65.
STAFFORD, M.W., SUNDBERG, M.L. & BRAAM, S.J. (1988). A preliminary investigation of the consequences that define the mand and the tact. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, 31-41. [PDF] MIGUEL, C.F., PETURSDOTTIR, A. & CARR, J. (2005). The effects of multiple-tact and receptive-discrimination training on the acquisition of intraverbal behavior. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 21, 27-41. [PDF]
 SIGAFOOS, J., DOSS, S. & REICHLE, J. (1989). Developing mand and tact repertoires in persons with severe developmental disabilities using graphic symbols. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 10, 183-200. BARBERA, M.L. & KUBINA, R.M. (2005). Using transfer procedures to teach tacts to a child with autism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 21, 155-161. [PDF]
RIBEIRO, A.D. (1989). Correspondence in children's self-report : Tacting and manding aspects. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 51, 361-367. [PDF] WALLACE, M., IWATA, B.A. & HANLEY, G.P. (2006). Establishment of mands following tact training as a function of reinforcer strength. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (1), 17-24. [PDF]
 SIGAFOOS, J., REICHLE, J., DOSS, S., HALL, K. & PETIT, L. (1990)."Spontaneous" transfer of stimulus control from tact to mand contingencies. Research in Developmental Disabilities,11,165-176. WILLIAMS, G., CARNERERO, J.J. & PÉREZ-GONZALEZ, L.A. (2006). Generalization of tacting actions in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 39 (2), 233-237. [PDF]
SUNDBERG, M.L., SAN JUAN, B., DAWDY, M. & ARGUELLES, M. (1990). The acquisition of tacts, mands, and intraverbals by individuals with traumatic brain injury. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 8, 83-99. [PDF] MIGUEL, C.F., PETURSDOTTIR, A.I., CARR, J.E. & MICHAEL, J. (2008). The role of naming in stimulus categorization by preschool children. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 89 (3), 383-405. [PDF]
EGAN, C.E. & BARNES-HOLMES, D. (2009). Emergence of tacts following mand training in young children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42 (3), 691-696. [PDF]
KODAK, T. & CLEMENTS, A. (2009). Acquisition of mands and tacts with concurrent echoic training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 42, 839-844. [PDF]
PARTINGTON, J.W., SUNDBERG, M.L., NEWHOUSE, L. & SPENGLER, S. (1994). Overcoming an autistic child's failure to acquire a tact repertoire. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27 (4), 733-734. [PDF] GREER, R.D. & DU, L. (2010). Generic instruction versus intensive tact instruction and the emission of spontaneous speech. The Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Applied Behavior Analysis, 5 (1), 1-19.
TWYMAN, J.S. (1996). The functional independence of impure mands and tacts of abstracts stimulus properties. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 13, 1-19. [PDF] LEDOUX, S.F. (2010). Increasing tact control and student comprehension through such new postcedent terms as added and subtracted reinforcers and punishers. Behaviorology Today, 13 (1), 3-6. [PDF]

GUZINSKI, E., CIHON T.M. & ESHLEMAN, J. (2012). The effects of tact training on stereotypic vocalizations in children with autism. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 28 101-110.

LÖHR, T. & GILL, M.S.C.A. (2015). Learning by playing : echo and tact in expanding the verbal repertoire of infants. Paidéia, 25, 77-85.
BOUDREAU, B.A., VLADESCU, J.C., KODAK, T., ARGOTT, P. & KISAMORE, A.N. (2015). A comparison of differential reinforcement procedures on the acquisition of tacts in children with autism. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48 (4), 918-923. [PDF]
HAQ, S. & KODAK, T. (2015). Evaluating the effects of massed and distributed practice on acquisition of tacts and textual behavior with typically developing children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48 (1), 85-95.
HORNE, P.J. & LOWE, C.F. (1996). On the origins of naming and other symbolic behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 65, 185-241. [PDF] EBY, C.M. & GREER, R.D. (2017). Effects of social reinforcement on the emission of tacts by preschoolers. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 22 (1), 23-43.
SCHNELL, L.K., VLADESCU, J.C., KODAK, T. & NOTTINGHAM, C.L. (2018). Comparing procedures on the acquisition and generalization of tacts for children wih autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 51 (4), 769-783.
Voir aussi Skinner, Mand et Comportement verbal
Taffe Michael A. ( ) : Neuropsychologue américain, spécialisée dans l'étude des drogues, notamment du cannabis.
TAFFE, M.A., WEED, M.R. & GOLD, L.H. (1999). Scopolamine alters rhesus monkey performance on a novel neuropsychological test battery. Cognitive Brain Research, 8 (3), 203-212.
TAFFE, M.A., WEED, M.R., GUTIERREZ, T., DAVIS, S.A., GOLD, L.H. (2002). Differential muscarinic and NMDA contributions to visuo-spatial paired-associate learning in rhesus monkeys. Psychopharmacology, 160, 253-262.
TAFFE, M.A. (2004). Effects of parametric feeding manipulations on behavioral performance in macaques. Physiology & Behavior, 81, 59-70.
TAFFE, M.A., WEED, M.R., GUTIERREZ, T., DAVIS, S.A. & GOLD, L.H. (2004). Modeling a task that is sensitive to dementia of the Alzheimer's type : individual differences in acquisition of a visuo-spatial paired-associate learning task in rhesus monkeys. Behavioural Brain Research, 149, 123-133.
TAFFE, M.A. (2012). Delta(9)Tetrahydrocannabinol impairs visuo-spatial associative learning and spatial working memory in rhesus macaques. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26, 1299-1306.
Tager-Flusberg Helen ( ) : Psychiatre américaine, d'origine anglaise, et spécialiste de l'étude du langage chez les l'autistes. Collaboratrice de Baron-Cohen, Bailey, Gottesman, Le Couteur et Rutter.
TAGER-FLUSHBERG, H. (1981). On the nature of linguistic functioning in early infantile autism. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 11, 45- 56.
TAGER-FLUSHBERG, H. & ANDERSON, M. (1991). The development of contingent discourse ability in autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 32, 1123-1134.
TAGER-FLUSHBERG, H. & SULLIVAN, K. (1995). Attributing mental states to story characters : A comparison of narratives produced by autistic and mentally retarded individuals. Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 241-256.
TAGER-FLUSBERG, H. & KASARI, C. (2013). Minimally-verbal school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder : the neglected end of the spectrum. Autism Research, 6, 468-478. [PDF]
TAGER-FLUSBERG, H. (2014). Promoting communicative speech in minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53 (6), 612-613. [PDF]
Taguieff Pierre-André (Paris 1946-) : Philosophe et politologue français, spécialiste de la théorie du complot et du racisme.
TAGUIEFF, P.-A. (1995). Les fins de l'antiracisme. Paris : Michalon.
TAGUIEFF, P.-A. (1998). Le racisme. Un exposé pour comprendre, un essai pour réfléchir. Paris : Flammarion.
TAGUIEFF, P.-A. (2000). L'effacement de l'avenir. Paris : Galilée/Débats.
TAGUIEFF, P.-A. (2005). La foire aux illuminés : Esotérisme, théorie du complot, extrémisme. Paris : Mille et une nuits.
TAGUIEFF, P.-A. (2007). L'imaginaire du complot mondial. Aspects d'un mythe moderne. Paris : Mille et une nuits.
Tai chi : Tai chi.
 
FRY, B., SCHEINTHAL, S., KEMARSKAYA, T. & PRUCHNO, R. (2007). Tai Chi and low impact exercise : effects on the physical functioning and psychological well-being of older people. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 26 (5), 433-453.
NGUYEN, M.H. & KRUSE, A. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of Tai chi for balance, sleep quality and cognitive performance in elderly Vietnamese. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 7, 185-190.
Taille : Mesure de la longueur ou de la hauteur d'un organisme, ou de certaines de ses caractéristiques. EX: longueur des défenses. Taille et poids. Body size, physical growth, height, stature.

Taille
Différence de taille Taille d'une classe   Taille réel/Taille perçue
Mesures/Évaluation de la taille Taille de la famille
Taille physique Taille d'un groupe

 
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SEN, R., SAMUDRE, S., SHILPA, M.C., CHITRA TARAK, R. & GADAGKAR, R. (2010). Middle aged wasps mate through most of the year, without regard to body size, ovarian development and nestmateship : a laboratory study of the primitively eusocial wasp Ropalidia marginata. Insectes Sociaux, 57, 95-103.
BEACHAM, J.L. (1988). The relative importance of body size and aggressive experience as determinants of dominance in pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus. Animal Behaviour, 36, 621-623.  COUTURIER, S., OTTO, R.D., CÔTÉ, S.D., LUTHER, G. & MAHONEY, S.P. (2010). Body size variations in caribou ecotypes and relationships with demography. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74 (3), 395-404. [PDF]
KUSKOWSKA-WOLK, A., KARLSSON, P., STOLT, M. & RÖSSNER, S. (1989). The predictive validity of body mass index based on self-reported weight and height. International Journal of Obesity, 5, 441-453. VISSCHER, P.M., YANG, J. & GODDARD, M.E. (2010). A commentary on "Common SNPs explain a large proportion of the heritability for human height" by Yang et al. (2010). Twin Research & Human Genetics, 13, 517-524. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Différence sexuelle/Anatomie, Poids, Croissance et Dimorphisme
Taille (Groupe) : Voir Groupe (taille). Group size.
Taille (Classe) : Voir Classe (taille). Class size, large class, small class.
Taille (Famille) : Voir Famille (taille). Family size.
Taille (Différence) : Body size.
   
ZAYAN, R.C. (1976). Modifications des effets liés à la priorité de résidence chez Xiphophorus (Pisces, Poeciliidae), le rôle de l'isolement et des différences de taille. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 41, 142-190.
BEAUGRAND, J.P., GOULET, C. & PAYETTE, D. (1991). Outcome of dyadic conflict in male green swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) : Effects of body size and prior dominance. Animal Behaviour, 41, 187-194.
BEAUGRAND, J.P., PAYETTE, D. & GOULET, C. (1996). Conflict outcome in male green swordtail fish dyads (Xiphophorus helleri) : Interaction of body size, prior dominance/subordination experience and prior residency. Behaviour, 133, 303-319.
GOUZOULES, H. & GOUZOULES, S. (2010). Body size effects on the acoustic structure of pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) screams. Ethology, 85 (4), 324-340.
 COUTURIER, S., OTTO, R.D., CÔTÉ, S.D., LUTHER, G. & MAHONEY, S.P. (2010). Body size variations in caribou ecotypes and relationships with demography. Journal of Wildlife Management, 74, 395-404.

Voir aussi Différence sexuelle sur le plan anatomique et Dimorphisme
 
Taille (Mesures/Évaluations) : Ensemble des critères de diagnostic, des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer la taille. Measuring height.

SCHLICHTING, P.F., HOILUND-CARLSEN, P.F. & QUAADE, F. (1981). Comparison of self-reported height and weight with controlled height and weight in women and men. International Journal of Obesity, 5, 67-76. KEYL, PM, FLEGAL, K.M. & NIETO-GARCIA, F.J. (1991). Effects of using self-reported versus measured weight and height in epidemiologic analyses. American Journal of Epidemiology, 134, 733-734.
PIRIE, P., JACOBS, D., JEFERY, R. & HANNA, P. (1981). Distortion in self-reported height and weight data. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 78, 601-606. TIENBOON, P., WAHLQVIST, M.L. & RUTISHAUSER, I.H.E. (1992). Self-reported weight and height in adolescents and their parents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 13, 528-532.
KUSKOWSKA-WOLK, A., KARLSSON, P., STOLT, M. & RÖSSNER, S. (1989). The predictive validity of body mass index based on self-reported weight and height. International Journal of Obesity, 5, 441-453.
KUSKOWSKA-WOLK, A. BOSTRÖM, G. & RÖSSNER, S. (1990). Influence of body image on estimation of body mass index based on self-reported weight and height. Diabetes Research & Clinical Practice, 10 (S), 155-158. FORTENBERRY, J.D. (1992). Reliability of adolescents' reports of height reliability of adolescents' reports of height and weight. Journal of Adolescent Health, 13, 114-117.
SHANON, B., SMICKILAS-WRIGNT, H. & WANG, M.Q. (1991). Inaccuracies in self-reported weights and heights of a sample of sixth-grade children. Journal of The American Dietetic Association, 91, 675-678. DAVIS, H. & GERGEN, P.J. (1994). The weights and heights of Mexican-American adolescents : The accuracy of self-reports. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 459-462. [PDF]
Voir aussi Taille et Poids
Taille réelle/Taille perçue : Body size overestimation, body size distortion, physical size.
 
WEINBERG, W.A., DIETZ, S.G., PENICK, E.C. & MCALISTER, W.H. (1974). Intelligence, reading achievement, physical size and social class. Journal of Pediatrics, 85, 482-489.
TAYLOR, M.J. & COOPER, P.J. (1986). Body size overestimation and depressed mood. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 153-154.
THOMPSON, J.K. & THOMPSON, C.M. (1986). Body size distortion and self-esteem in asymptomatic, normal weight males and females. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 5, 1061-1068.
LEON, M.-P., GONZÀLEZ-MARTI, I. FERNÀANDOS-BUSTOS, J-G. & CONTRERAS, O. (2018). Perception of body size and dissatisfaction in children aged 3 to 6: a systematic review. Anales de psicología, 34 (1), 173-183. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Sastisfaction corporelle
Taiwan : Pays.


EVANS, E.M., SCHWEINGRUBER, H. & STEVENSON, H.W. (2002). Gender Differences in Interest and Knowledge Acquisition: The United States, Taiwan, and Japan. Sex Roles, 47 (3/4), 153-167. [PDF]
CHIU, S.-I., LEE, J.-Z. & HUANG, D.-H. (2004). Video game addiction in children and teenagers in Taiwan. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, 571-581. UTTAL, L. & HAN, C.Y. (2011). Taiwanese immigrant mothers' childcare preferences : Socialization for bicultural competency. Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17, 437–443.
WAN, C.S. & CHIOU, W.B. (2006). Why are adolescents addicted to online gaming ? An interview study in Taiwan. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 9 (6), 762-766. HSIEH, P.-H. (2012). Taiwan's education cloud : Current development and future challenge. Journal of Education Research, 216, 57-72.
CHEN, H., KEITH, T.Z., WEISS, L., ZHU, J. & LI, Y. (2010). Testing for multigroup invariance of second-order WISC-IV structure across China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Personality & Individual Differences, 49, 677-682. CHEN, H., CHEN, M., LEE, Y., CHEN, H. & KEITH, T.Z. (2013). Gender reality regarding mathematic outcomes of students aged 9 to 15 years in Taiwan. Learning & Individual Differences, 26, 55-63.
WANLESS, S.B., SCHARPHORN, L, CHIU, Y.J.I, CHEN, F.M. & CHEN, J.L. (2015). Taiwanese preschool and elementary teacher's beliefs about discipline, students, and teaching practices. International Journal of School & Cognitive Psychology, 2 (3), 1-12. [PDF]
HSIEH, P.-H. (2010). KM-oriented school space-allocation programs integrated with ITS : examples from middle schools in Taipei, Taiwan. International Journal of Management & Enterprise Development, 9 (1), 43-62. HSIEH, P.-H., LEE, C.-I. & CHEN, W.-F. (2015). Students' perspectives on e-portfolio development and implementation : A case study in Taiwanese higher education. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 31 (6), 641-656. [PDF]
Voir aussi Pays
Tajfel Henri (Wloclaweck 1919-1982 Oxford) : Psychosociologue polonais, spécialisé dans l'étude de l'identité sociale et de la discrimination. Il s'intéresse également aux groupes et aux relation entre les groupes. Professeur de Bourhis. Collaborateur de Gardner, Moscovici et Turner.
TAJFEL, H. & WILKES, A.L. (1963). Classification and quantitative judgment. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101-114.
TAJFEL, H. (1970). Experiments in intergroup discrimination. Scientific American, 233 (5), 96-102.
TAJFEL, H., BILLIG, M.G., BUNDY, R.P. & FLAMENT, C. (1971). Social categorization and intergroup behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1 (2), 149-178. [PDF]
TAJFEL, H. (1974). Social identity and intergroup behaviour. Social Science Information, 13, 65-93.
TAJFEL, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-39.
CORNEILLE, O., KLEIN, O., LAMBERT, S. & JUDD, C.M. (2002). On the role of familiarity with units of measurement in categorical accentuation : Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) revisited and replicated. Psychological Science, 4, 380-383. [PDF]
Takeuchi Hirotaka (1946-) : Spécialiste japonais des organisations, des entreprises et de la mise en marché. On lui doit le concept de spirale des connaissances. Collaborateur de Nonaka.
TAKEUCHI, H. (1981). Productivity : Learning from the Japanese. California Management Review, 23 (4), 5-19.
TAKEUCHI, H. & QUELCH, J. (1983). Quality is more than making a good product. Harvard Business Review, 61 (4), 139-145.
TAKEUCHI, H. (1985). The changing role of the Japanese market and its impact on global strategy. Hitotsubashi Journal of Commerce & Management, 20 (1), 49-61.
TAKEUCHI, H. & NONAKA, I. (1986). The new new product development game. Harvard Business Review, 64 (1), 137-146. [PDF]
TAKEUCHI, H. (12013). Wise leadership and wise capitalism. Kindai Management Review, 1, 15-26.
Talent : Talentueux : Ensemble des facteurs physiques et psychologiques qui permettent à un individu de se distinguer, de s'élever au dessus de la moyenne dans un domaine particulier. = don. *douance. Innate talent, talent.

 
RÉVÉSZ, G. (1941). The indivisibility of mathematical talent. Acta Psychologica, 5, 1-21. BENBOW, C.P. & LUBINSKI, D. (Eds.) (1996). Intellectual talent : Psychometric and social issues. Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
MacKINNON, D.W. (1962). The nature and nurture of creative talent. American Psychologist, 17 (7), 484-495. MacKINNON, D.W. (1962). The nature and nurture of creative talent. American Psychologist, 17 (7), 484-495.
MARLAND, S. (1972). Education of the gifted and talented : Report to the congress of the United States by the U.S. Commissioner of Education. Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office. HOWE, M.J.A., DAVIDSON, J.W. & SLOBODA, J.A. (1998). Innate talents : Reality or myth ? Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, 399-442. [PDF]
GAGNÉ, F. (1983). Douance et talent : deux concepts à ne pas confondre. Apprentissage et Socialisation, 6, 146-159. PIIRTO, J. (1999). Talented children and adults : Their development and education. Columbus, OH : Merrill.
REIS, S.M. & RENZULLI, J.S. (1984). Key features of successful programs for the gifted and talented. Educational Leadership, 41 (7), 28-34. [PDF] CÔTÉ, J. (1999). The influence of the family in the development of talent in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 395-417. [PDF]
 BLOOM, B. (Éd.) (1985). Developing talent in young people. New York : Ballantine Books. SIMONTON, D.K. (1999). Talent and its development : An emergenic and epigenetic model. Psychological Review, 106, 435-457.
BARTON, J.M. & STARNES, W.T. (1988). Distinguishing characteristics of gifted and talented/learning disabled students. Special Issue : Gifted students with disabilities. Roeper-Review, 12 (1), 23-29.  WILLIAMS, A.M. (2000). Perceptual skill in soccer : Implications for talent identification and development. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 737-740.
GAGNÉ, F. (1991). Toward a differentiated model of giftedness and talent. In N. Colangelo & G.A. Davis (Eds.), Handbook of gifted education (pp. 65-80). Boston : Allyn and Bacon.  WILLIAMS, A.M. & REILLY, T. (2000). Talent identification and development in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 657-667.
FORD, D.Y. & HARRIS, J.J. (1991). On discovering the hidden treasure of gifted and talented Black children. Roeper Review, 13 (1), 27-32. HELSEN, W.F., HODGES, N.J., VAN WICKEL, J. & STARKES, J.L. (2000). The roles of talent, physical precocity and practice in the development of soccer expertise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18, 1-10. [PDF]
MILLS, C.J. (1992). Academically talented children : The case for early identification and nurturance. Pediatrics, 89, 156-157. HELLER, K.A., MÖNKS, F.J., STERNBERG, R.J. & SUBOTNIK, R. (Eds.) (2000). International handbook for research on giftedness and talent. Oxford : Pergamon Press.
PALMQUIST, M. & YOUNG, R.E. (1992). The notion of giftedness and student expectations about writing. Written Communication, 9 (1), 137-168. SHEA, D.L., LUBINSKI, D. & BENBOW, C.P. (2001). Importance of assessing spatial ability in talented young adolescents : A 20-year longitudinal study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 604-614.
PALMQUIST, M. & YOUNG, R.E. (1992). Is writing a gift ? The impact on students who believe it is. In J.R. Hayes, R.E. Young, M.L. Matchett, M. McCaffrey, C. Cochran & T. Hajduk (Eds.) Reading empirical research studies : The rhetoric of research. Hillsdale NJ : Erlbaum. REIS, S.M. & McCOACH, D.B. (2002). Underachievement in gifted and talented students with special needs. Exceptionality, 10 (2), 113-125.
MARTIN, A.J. (2002). Motivating the gifted and talented : Lessons from research and practice. Australasian Journal of Gifted Education, 11 (2), 26–34.
RENZULLI, J.S. (1994). Schools for talent development : A practical plan for total school improvement. Mansfield Center, CT : Creative Learning Press. REIS, S.M., SCHADER, R., MILNE, H. & STEPHENS, R. (2003). Music and minds : Using a talent development approach for young adults with Williams syndrome. Exceptional Children, 69, 293-314.
VALLERAND, R.J., GAGNÉ, F., SÉNÉCHAL, C. & PELLETIER, L.G. (1994). A comparison of the school intrinsic motivation and perceived competence of gifted and regular students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 38 (4), 172-175. DAVIS, G.A. & RIMM, S.B. (2004). Education of the gifted and talented. Boston : Pearson.
LOHMAN, D.F. (2005). The role of nonverbal ability tests in identifying students for participation in programs for the academically gifted. Gifted Child Quarterly, 49, 111-138.
LUBINSKI, D. & BENBOW, C.P. (1995). Optimal development of talent : Respond educationally to individual differences in personality. Educational Forum, 59, 381-392. ELHOWERIS, H. (2008). Teacher judgment in identifying gifted/talented students. Multicultural Education, 15 (3), 35-38. [PDF]
ACKERMAN, P.L (2014). Nonsense, common sense, and science of expert performance : Talent and individual differences. Intelligence, 45, 6-17.
Voir aussi Intelligence et Douance
Talent Development & Excellence : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'expertise et au talent. Éditeur : IRADTE.
GRUBER, H., JANSEN, P., MARIENHAGEN, J. & ALTENMUELLER (2010). Adaptations during the acquisition of expertise. Talent Development & Excellence, 2 (1), 3-15. [PDF]
Talwar Victoria ( ) : Psychologue québécoise et spécialiste de l'étude du mensonge. Elle enseigne à l'Université Mcgill. Collaboratrice de Fu, Lee et Xu.
TALWAR, V. & LEE, K. (2002). Development of lying to conceal a transgression : Children's control of expressive behavior during verbal deception. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 26 (5), 436-444. [PDF]
TALWAR, V. & LEE, K. (2002). Emergence of white-lie telling in children between 3 and 7 years of Age. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 48 (2), 160-181. [PDF]
TALWAR, V., GORDON, H. & LEE, K. (2007). Lying in the elementary school : : Verbal deception and its relation to second-order belief understanding. Developmental Psychology, 43, 804-810.
TALWAR, V. & LEE, K. (2008). Social and cognitive correlates of children's lying behavior. Child Development, 79, 866-881.
TALWAR, V. & LEE, K. (2011). A punitive environment fosters children's dishonesty : A natural experiment. Child Development, 82, 1751-1758.
Tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) : Singe. = Sagouin. Teasing.


SANTOS, L.R. & HAUSER, M.D. (1999). How monkeys see the eyes: Cotton-top tamarins' reaction to changes in visual attention and action. Animal Cognition, 2, 131-139. [PDF]
HAUSER, M.D., KRALOK, J. & BOTTO-MHAN, C. (1999). Problem solving and functional design features : experiments with cotton-top tamarins. Animal Behaviour, 57, 565-582.
SANTOS, L.R. ERICSON, B.N. & HAUSER, M.D. (1999). Constraints on problem solving and inhibition : object retrieval in cotton-top tamarins. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113 (2), 186-193.
HAUSER, M.D., PEARSON, H.E. & SEELIG, D. (2002). Ontogeny of tool use in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) : innate recognition of functionally relevant features. Animal Behaviour, 64, 299-311.
HAUSER, M.D., CHEN, M.K., CHEN, F. & CHUANG, E. (2003). Give unto others : genetically unrelated cotton-top tamarin monkeys preferentially give food to those who altruistically give food back. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270, 2363-2370. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Animal et Singe
Tamminga Carol A. (Grand rapids-) : Psychiatre américaine et spécialiste de l'étude et du traitement de la schizophrénie.
TAMMINGA, C.A., SCHAFFER, M.H., SMITH, R.C. & DAVIS, J.M. (1978). Schizophrenic symptoms improve with apomorphine. Science, 200, 567-568.
TAMMINGA, C.A., CRAYTON, J.W. & CHASE, T.N. (1979). Improvement in tardive dyskinesia after muscimol therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 36, 595-598.
TAMMINGA, C.A. & SCHAFFER, M.H. (1979). Treatment of schizophrenia with ergot derivatives. Psychopharmacology, 66, 239-242.
TAMMINGA, C.A. (2005). Partial dopamine agonists and thetreatment of psychosis. Current Neuropharmacology, 3, 3-8. [PDF]
TAMMINGA, C.A., STAN, A.D. & WAGNER, A.D. (2010). Theh hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1178-1193. [PDF]
Tampon : Voir Mémoire-tampon ou Mémoire tampn épisodique. Buffer momory.
Tanaka James W. ( ) : Neurocognitiviste canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la catégorisation et de la reconnaissance des visages. Collaborateur de Izard, Lee, Pascalis et Quinn.
TANAKA, J.W. & TAYLOR, M. (1991). Object categories and expertise : Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder ? Cognitive Psychology, 23, 457-482. [PDF]
TANAKA, J.W. & FARAH, M.J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experiment Psychology, 46A, 225-245. [PDF]
TANAKA, J.W. & SENGCO, J. (1997). Features and their configuration in face recognition. Memory & Cognition, 25, 583-592. [PDF]
TANAKA, J.W. (2001). The entry point of face recognition : evidence for face expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 130 (3), 534-543. [PDF]
TANAKA, J.W., MEIXNAR, T.R. & KANTNER, J. (2011). Exploring the perceptual spaces of faces, cars and birds in children and adults. Developmental Science, 14, 762-768. [PDF]
Tanner Wilson P. (1912-1977) : Psychophysiologiste américain et spécialiste de la perception. Avec Swets, il a proposé une théorie de la détection du signal. = Spike Tanner. Professeur de Swets.
TANNER, W.P. & SWETS, J.A. (1953). A new theory of visual detection. Michigan : University of Michigan.
[PDF]
TANNER, W.P. & SWETS, J.A. (1954). A decision-making theory of visual detection. Psychological Review, 61 (6), 401-409.
TANNER, W.P. & SWETS, J.A. (1954). The human use of information-I-II : Signal detection for the case of the signal known exactly. Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Information Theory, 4, 213-221/222-227.
TANNER, W.P. (1956). Theory of recognition. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 28, 882-888.
TANNER, W.P. & BIRDSALL, T.G. (1958). Definitions of d' and n as psychophysical measures. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 30, 922-928.
SORKIN, R.D. (1977). Wilson P. Tanner : A general review of his scientific contribution. The Journal of Acoustic Society of America, 62 (S1), 23.
Tannock Rosemary ( ) : Psychiatre américaine et spécialiste de l'étude du trouble d'attention avec hyperactivité et de l'un de ses traitements (methylphenidate). Collaboratrice de Castellanos, Joanisse, Johansen, Killeen, Logan, Sagvolden, Schachar, Tripp, Toplak et Wickens.
TANNOCK, R., SCHACHAR, R.J., CARR, R.P., CHAJCZYK, D. & LOGAN, G.D. (1989). Effect of mythylphenidate on inhibititory control in hyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 17 (5), 473-491. [PDF]
TANNOCK, R., SCHACHAR, R.J., CARR, R.P. & LOGAN, G.D. (1989). Dose-response effects of methylphenidate on academic performance and overt behavior in hyperactive children. Pediatric, 84, 648-657. [PDF]
TANNOCK, R., SCHACHAR, R.J. & LOGAN, G.D. (1993). Does methylphenidate induce overfocusing in hyperactive children? Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 22, 28-41.
TANNOCK, R., SCHACHAR, R.J., CARR, R.P. & LOGAN, G.D. (1995). Methylphenidate and cognitive flexibility : Dissociated dose effects on behavior and cognition in hyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 235-266. [PDF]
TANNOCK, R. (2005). Hypodopaminergic function influences learning and memory as well as delay gradients. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 28, 444-445.
Tantam Digby John Howard ( ) : Psychologue anglais et spécialiste du syndrome d'Asperger et des thérapies à distance.
TANTAM, D. (1988). Asperger's syndrome. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 29, 245-255.
TANTAM, D., MONOGHAN, L., NICHOLSON, H. & STIRLING, J. (1989). Autistic children's ability to interpret faces : a research note. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 30 (4), 623-630.
TANTAM, D. (2003). The challenge of adolescents and adults with Asperger syndrome. Child & Adolescent Psychatric Clinics in North America, 12, 143-163.
TANTAM, D. (2003). The flavour of emotions. Psychology & Psychotherapy, 76, 23-45
TANTAM, D. (2006). Opportunities and risks in e-therapy. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 12, 368-374.
Taoïsme : Religion. Taoism.

 
DE GROOT, J.J.M. (1912). Religion in China : Universism, a key to the study of Taoism and Confucianism. New York : G.P. Putnam.
CAPRA, F. (1975). The Tao of physics : An exploration of the parallels between modern physics and Eastern mysticism. Berkeley : Shambhala Publications.
WONG, E. (1996). Teachings of the Tao. Berkeley : Shambhala Publications.
 
Voir aussi Religion
Taquiner : Taquinerie : Ensemble de comportements sociaux (commentaire, expression faciale, geste, etc.) émis à l'adresse d'une personne et qui vise à la faire sourire ou rire. Taquinerie, humour et harcèlement. *moquerie. Teasing.


GRILO, C.M., WILFLEY, D.E., BROWNELL, D.D. & RODIN, J. (1994). Teasing, body image, and self esteem in a clinical sample of obese women. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 443-450.
KELTNER, D., YOUNG, R.C., HEEREY, E.A., OEMIG, C. & MONARCH, N.D. (1998). Teasing in hierarchical and intimate relations. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 75, 1231-1247.
KELTNER, D., CAPPS, L.M., KRING, A.M., YOUNG, R.C. & HEEREY, E.A. (2001). Just teasing : A conceptual analysis and empirical review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 229-248. [PDF] + [PDF]
 
Voir aussi humour et Harcèlement
Tarabulsy George M. ( ) : Psychologue écologiste québécois et professeur à l'Université Laval. Collaborateur de Moss et Tessier.
TARABULSY, G.M., TESSIER, R. & KAPPAS, A. (1996). Contingency detection and the contingent organization of behavior in interactions : Implications for socioemotional development in infancy. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 1-17.
LAROSE, S., BERNIER, A. & TARABULSY, G.M. (2005). Attachment state of mind, students' learning dispositions, and academic performance during the college transition. Developmental Psychology, 41, 281-289.
TARABULSY, G.M., BERNIER, A., PROVOST, M.A., MARANDA, J., LAROSE, S., MOSS, E., LAROSE, M. & TESSIER, R. (2005). Another look inside the gap : Ecological contributions to the transmission of attachment in a sample of adolescent mother-infant dyads. Developmental Psychology, 41, 212-224.
TARABULSY, G.M., PASCUZZO, K., MOSS, E., ST-LAURENT, D., BERNIER, A. & CYR, C. (2008). Attachment-based interventions for maltreating families. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78, 322-332.
TARABULSY, G.M., MORAN, G., PEDERSON, D.R., PROVOST, M. & LAROSE, S. (2011). Adolescent motherhood, maternal sensitivity and early infant development. In D.W. Davis & C. Logdson (Eds.), Maternal sensitivity : A critical review for practitioners. Haupauge, NY : Nova Publishers.
Tarbox Rachel S.F. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude de l'autisme et des soins parentaux. Collaboratrice de Friman, Ghezzi et Williams.
TARBOX, R., WALLACE, M.D. & WILLIAMS, W.L. (2003). Assessment and treatment of elopement : a replication and extension. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 36 (2), 239-244. [PDF]
TARBOX, R., WILLIAMS, W.L. & FRIMAN, P.C. (2004). Extended diaper wearing : effects on continence in and out of the diaper Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37 (1), 97-100. [PDF]
TARBOX, R.S.F., GHEZZI, P.M. & WILSON, G. (2006). The effects of token reinforcement on attending in a young child with autism. Behavioral Interventions, 21, 155-164.
TARBOX, R., WALLACE, M.D., PENROD, B. & TARBOX, J. (2007). Effects of three-step prompting on compliance with caregiver requests. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (4), 239-244. [PDF]
TARBOX, R., TARBOX, J. GHEZZI, P.M., WALLACE, M.D. & YOO, J.-H. (2007). The effects of blocking mouthing of leisure items on their effectiveness as reinforcers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (4), 761-765. [PDF]
Tarde Gabriel (Sarlat France 1843-1904 Paris) : Criminologue, sociologue et philosophe français. Il s'est notamment intéressé aux foules et à l'imitation. Il fut également un farouche adversaire des thèses de Durkheim.
TARDE, G. (1880). La croyance et le désir ; la possibilité de leur mesure. Revue Philosophique, 10, 150-180/264-283.
TARDE, G. (1887). Publications récentes sur la psychologie criminelle. Revue philosophique, 24, 625-644.
TARDE, G. (1889). Le crime et l'épilepsie. Revue Philosophique, 27, 49-469.
TARDE, G. (1890/2001). Les lois de l'imitation. Paris : Alcan/ Paris : Les empêcheurs de penser en rond.
TARDE, G. (1901/1989/2006). L'opinion et la foule. Paris : Prresses Universitaires de France/L'Harmattan.
Tardif
Jacques Tardif Maurice Tardif
 
Tardif Jacques ( ) : Pédagogue socio-constructivisme et professeur à l'Université de Sherbrooke, spécialisé dans l'étude des compétences et du transfert des connaissances. Collaborateur de Meirieu.
TARDIF, J. (1992). Pour un enseignement stratégique. L'apport de la psychologie cognitive. Montréal : Éditions Logiques.
TARDIF, J. et MEIRIEU, P. (1996). Stratégie pour favoriser le transfert des connaissances. Vie Pédagogique, 98, 4-7.
TARDIF, J. (1998). Intégrer les nouvelles technologies de l'information. Quel cadre pédagogique ? Paris : ESF.
TARDIF, J. (1999). Le transfert des apprentissages. Montréal : Éditions Logiques.
TARDIF, J. (2006). L'évaluation des compétences. Documenter le parcours de développement. Montréal : Chenelière Éducation.
Tardif Maurice ( ) : Pédagogue québécois et professeur à l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Collaborateur de Gauthier, Karsenti et Lessard.
TARDIF, M., BÉLANGER, N. et GRENIER, D. (1994). L'idéologie cognitiviste et l'éducation. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l'éducation, 19 (3), 316-330.
TARDIF, M., LESSARD, C. et GAUTHIER, C. (Dirs.) (1998). Formation des maîtres et contextes sociaux. Perspectives internationales. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
TARDIF, M. et LESSARD, C. (1999). Le travail enseignant au quotidien. Expérience, interactions humaines et dilemmes professionnels. Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval/ Bruxelles : De Boeck.
TARDIF, M. et GAUTHIER, C. (Dirs.) (1999). Pour ou contre un ordre professionnel des enseignantes et des enseignants au Québec. Québec : Les Presses de l'Université Laval.
TARDIF, M. et LESSARD, C. (2004). La profession d'enseignant aujourd'hui. Évolutions, perspectives et enjeux internationaux. Québec/Belgique : Presses de l'Université Laval/de Boeck.
Tarski Alfred (Varsovie 1902-1983 Berkeley États-Unis) : Philosophe et logicien américain d'origine polonaise. Collaborateur de Nagel et Suppes.
TARSKI, A. (1944). The semantic conception of truth and the foundations of semantics. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 4, 341-376.
NAGEL, E., SUPPES, P. & TARSKI, A. (1962). Logic, methodology and philosophy of science. Stanford : Stanford University Press.
TARSKI, A. (1972). Logique, sémantique, mathématique. Paris : Armand Collin.

Tarpley Webster Griffin (1946-) : Phiilosophe américain. Il s'intésse notamment aux complots.
TARPLEY W.G. & CHAITKIN, A. (1992). George Bush : The unauthorized biography. Progressive Press.
TARPLEY W.G. (2005). La terreur fabriquée, made in USA. Demi-Lune. / 9/11 Synthetic terror : Made in USA.
TARPLEY W.G. (2008). Obama : The postmodern coup : Making of a manchurian candidate. Progressive Press.
TARPLEY W.G. (2008). Surviving the cataclysm : Your guide through the worst financial crisis in human history. Progressive Press.
TARPLEY W.G. (2017). Barack H. Obama: The unauthorized biography. Progressive Press.
Tashakkori Abbas ( ) : Psychosociologue américain et spécialiste des méthodes mixtes. Collaborateur de Creswell et Teddlie.
TASHAKKORI, A. & TEDDLIE, C. (1998). Mixed methodology : Combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
TASHAKKORI, A. & CRESWELL, J. (2008). The new era of mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1 (1), 3-7.
TASHAKKORI, A. & CRESWELL, J. (2008). Exploring the nature of research questions in mixed methods research.Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1 (3), 207-211.
TASHAKKORI, A. & CRESWELL, J. (2008). Mixed methodology across disciplines. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 2 (1), 1-5.
TASHAKKORI, A. & TEDDLIE, C. (2010). Putting the human back in "human research methodology" : The researcher in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4 (4), 271-277.
Tassé Marc J. ( ) : Psychologue américain, d'origine québécoise, spécialisé dans l'étude de la qualité de vie, des comportements adaptatifs et de la déficience intelectuelle. Collaborateur de Maurice et Schalock.
TASSÉ, M.J., MORIN, L.N. et GIROURD, N. (2000). Traduction et validation de la version canadienne-française du Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. Psychologie Canadienne, 41 (2), 116-123.
TASSÉ, M.J. (2009). Adaptive behavior assessment and the diagnosis of mental retardation in capital cases. Applied Neuropsychology, 16, 114-123.
TASSÉ, M.J. & WEHMEYER, M.L. (2010). Intensity of support needs in relation to co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Exceptionality, 18, 182-192.
TASSÉ, M.J., SABOURIN, G., GARCIN, N. et LECAVALIER, L. (2010). Définition d'un trouble grave du comportement chez les personnes ayant une déficience intellectuelle [Definition of Severe Problem Behavior in Individuals with Intellectual Disability]. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 42, 62-69.
TASSÉ, M.J. (2013). What is in a name ? Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, 51, 113-116.
T.A.T. : Voir Test d'aperception thématique.
Tatham Thomas A. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américain et spécialiste de l'étude du conditionnement opérant, notamment de l'histoire des contingences. Collaborateur de Barrett, Hineline et Wanchisen.

TATHAM, T.A., GYORDA, A.M. & BARRETT, J.E. (1993). Generalization of behavioral history across responses in the reversal of the effects of d-amphetamine and cocaine on the punished responding of squirrel monkeys. Behavioural Pharmacology, 4, 61-68.
TATHAM, T.A. & BARRETT, J.E. (1993). Shock avoidance but not DRL history reverses the effects of cocaine on punished behavior of squirrel monkeys. Behavioural Pharmacology, 4, 159-166.
TATHAM, T.A. & WANCHISEN, B.A & HUINELINE, P.N. (1993). Effects of fixed and variable ratios on human behavioral variability. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 59 (2), 349-359. [PDF]
TATHAM, T.A., GYORDA, A.M. & BARRETT, J.E. (1994). Shock postponement reverses the effects of cocaine on the punished pecking of pigeons. Pharmacology Biochemistry & Behavior, 48, 491-495.
TATHAM, T.A. & WANCHISEN, B.A. (1998). Behavioral history : A definition and some common findings from two areas of research. The Behavior Analyst, 21, 241-251. [PDF]
Tatouage : Signe corporel - indélébile ou non - inscrit dans la peau. Tattoo.

 
SINGH, D. & BRONSTAD, P.M. (1997). Sex differences in the anatomical locations of human body scarification and tattooing as a function of pathogen prevalence. Evolution & Human Behavior, 18, 403-416.
DEGELMAN, D. & PRICE, N.D. (2002). Tattoos and ratings of personal characteristics. Psychological Reports, 90, 507-514.
D'AMBROSIO, A., CASILLO, N. & MARTINI, V. (2013). Piercings and tattoos : psychopathological aspecs. Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva, 51 (3-4), 146-149. [PDF]

Voir aussi Signe
Tatsuoka Maurice Makomoto (1922-1996) : Statisticien américain et spécialiste de l'éducation.
TATSUOKA, M.M. & TIEDEMAN, D.V. (1954). Discriminant analysis. Review of Educational Research, 24, 402-420.
TATSUOKA, M.M. (1971). Multivariate analysis techniques for educational and psychological research. New York : Wiley.
TATSUOKA, M.M. (1986). Graph theory and its applications in educational research : A review and integration. Review of Educational Research, 56 (3), 291-329.
TATSUOKA, M.M. (1993). Effect size. In G. Keren & C. Lewis (Eds.), A handbook for data analysis in the behavioral sciences : Methodological issues (pp. 461-479). Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
LINN, R.L. (1996). In memoriam : Maurice M. Tatsuoka (1922-1996). Journal of Educational Measurement, 33 (2), 125-127.
Taub Gordon E. ( ) : Psychométricien américain. Il s'intéresse à l'éducation, notamment à la lecture et à l'enseignement des mathématiques. Collaborateur de Keith et McGrew.
TAUB, G.E. & HAYES, B.G. (2001). Identifying g : The current role of intelligence. International Journal of Sociology & Social Policy, 20, 39-50.
TAUB, G.E., WITTA, E.L. & McGREW, K.S (2004). A confirmatory analysis of the factor structure and cross-age invariance of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - Third edition. Psychological Assessment, 16 (1), 85-89. [PDF]
TAUB, G.E. & McGREW, K.S. (2013). The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities III's Cognitive Performance Model : Empirical support for intermediate factors within CHC theory. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 32 (3), 187-201. [PDF]
TAUB, G.E., McGREW, K.S. & KEITH, T. Z. (2007). Improvements in interval time tracking and effects on reading achievement. Psychology in the Schools, 44, 849-863.
TAUB, G.E., McGREW, K.S. & KEITH, T.Z. (2015). Effects of improvements in interval timing on mathematics achievement of elementary school students. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 29, 325-366.
Taubman Paul James (1939-1995) : Économiste américain. Il s'intéresse à l'éducation et la scolarisation. Collaborateur de Arvey et Behrman.
TAUBMAN, P. & WALES, T.J. (1969). Impact of investment subsidies in a neoclassical growth model. Journal of Political Economy, 81 (1), 28-55.
TAUBMAN, P. & WALES, T.J. (1973). Higher education, mental ability and screening. Journal of Political Economy, 81 (1), 28-55.
TAUBMAN, P. (1976). Earnings, education, genetics and environment. Journal of Human Resources, 11 (4), 447-461.
TAUBMAN, P. (1976). The determinants of earnings : Genetics, family, and other environments; A study of white male twins. American Economic Review, 66 (5), 858-870. [PDF]
TAUBMAN, P. (1989). Role of parental income in educational attainment. The American Economic Review, 79 (2), 57-61.
Taupe : Animal. Mole.

 
MASON, M.J. & NARINS, P.M. (2002). Seismic sensitivity in the desert golden mole (Eremitalpa granti) : a review. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 116, 158-163.

Voir aussi Animal
Tautologie : Raisonnement dont le prédicat ne dit rien de plus que l'objet (et ses propriétés essentielles). EX : Tous les chiens (objet) sont des mammifères (prédicat). Tautology.

 
RACHLIN, H.C. (1971). On the tautology of the matching law. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 15 (2), 249-251. [PDF]
PETERS, R.H. (1976). Tautology in evolution and ecology. American Naturalist, 110, 1-12.
 
Voir aussi Raisonnement et Prédicat
Taux : Le taux est un rapport entre deux quantités, qui exprime une réalité décrite, mesurée et souvent inférée à partir d'un échantillon. EX : Le taux de dépression dans une population. Il est souvent exprimé en pourcentage. *moyenne. ( ): Taux de réponse à un questionnaire, taux de réponse motrice. Rate.

 
FLEISS, J.L. (1981). Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York : John Wiley.
GALLISTEL C.R. & GIBBON, J. (2000). Time, rate and conditioning. Psychological Review, 107, 289-344. [PDF]
FLEISS, J.L., LEVIN, B. & PAIK, M.C. (2003). Statistical methods for rates and proportions. New York : Wiley.
GILLES, A. (1984). Éléments de méthodologie et d'analyse statistique pour les sciences sociales. St-Laurent : Mcgraw-Hill Éditeurs.
Taux de réponse (Organisme) : Voir Réponse (taux d'une) et Comportement (fréquence). Behavior rate.
Taux de réponse à un questionnaire : Voir Réponse (taux). Response rates at a survey.
Taux de réponse à un sondage : Voir Réponse (taux). Response rates at a poll.
Tavris Carol Anne (1944-) : Psychosociolologue et féministe américaine. Collaboratrice d'Aronson, Aronson, Russo, Shaver et Zajonc.
TAVRIS, C. (1989). Anger : The misunderstood emotion. New York : Simon & Schuster/Touchstone.
TAVRIS, C. (1993). The mismeasure of woman. Feminism & Psychology, 3, 149-168.
TAVRIS, C. (1992). The longest war : Sex differences in perspective. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
TAVRIS, C. (1992). The mismeasure of woman : Why women are not the better sex, the opposite sex, or the inferior sex. New York : Simon and Schuster.
TAVRIS, C. & SADD, S. (1977). The redbook report on female sexuality. New York : Delacorte.
Taxage : À l'école, dans les gangs de rue et autres groupes criminalisés, forme d'intimitation et de harcèlement qui consiste à réclamer les effets personnels d'autrui (vêtements, souliers, casse-croûte, Ipod, montre, bracelet, bijou, argent de poche, etc.) en échange de protection ou d'une promesse de non-agression.
 
Voir aussi Intimidation, Harcèlement et Vol
Taxe : Taxer : Taxation : Taxation.
 
COURANT, P.N. (1977). General equilibrium model of heterogeneous local property taxes. Journal of Public Economics, 8, 313-327. [PDF] ENGEN, E. & SKINNER, J. (1996). Taxation and economic growth. National Tax Journal, 49 (4), 617-642. [PDF]
DEATON, A. (1981). Optimal taxation and the structure of preferences. Econometrica, 49, 1245-1260. HEIJMAN, W.J.M. & VAN OPHEM, J.A.A.C. (2005). Willingness to pay tax The Laffer curve revisited for 12 OECD countries. The Journal of Socio-Economic, 34, 714-723. [PDF]

LAFFER, A.B., MOORE, S. & TANOUS, P. (2009). The end of prosperity : how higher taxes will doom the economy - if we let it happen. Threshold Editions.

FRENETTE, M., GREEN, D.A. & MILLIGAN, K. (2009). Taxes, transfers and Canadian income inequality. Canadian Public Policy, 35 (4), 389–411.
XIN LI, S., ECKEL, C.C., GROSSMAN, P.J. & LARSON BROWN, T. (2011). Giving to government : Voluntary taxation in the lab. Journal of Public Economics 95, 1190-1201.[PDF]
PICCIOTTO, S. (1992). International taxation and intra-firm pricing in transnational corporate groups. Accounting, Organizations & Society, 17 (8), 759-792. PIKETTY, T. & SAEZ, E. (2013). A theory of optimal inheritance taxation. Econometrica, 81 (5), 1851-1886.
PICCIOTTO, S. (1992). International business taxation. London : Weidenfeld & Nicolson/Butterworths. PIKETTY, T., SAEZ, E. & STANTCHEVAA, S. (2014). Optimal taxation of top labor incomes : A tale of three elasticities. American Economic Journal, 6 (1), 230-271.
Voir aussi Gouvernement et Justice
Taxie : Chez les animaux, réactions innées d'orientation et de locomotion provoquées par des stimuli de l'environnement physique (lumière, humidité, chaleur). Taxie et tropisme. Taxis.
 
ABERCROMBIE, M., HICKMAN, C.J. & JOHNSON, M.L. (1980). Dictionary of biology. Londres : Penguin.
Taxon : Regroupement ordonné, hiérarchique et homogène d'organismes réels en fonction de leurs similitudes dans le le but de les identifier et de les classer. L'espèce est le taxon étalon. = classement scientifique, catégorie biologique. Taxon.

 
Règne
  Embranchement  
  Classe  
  Ordre  
  Famille  
  Genre  
  Espèce  
Population  


 
 GEIST, V. (1988). Phantom subspecies : the Wood Bison Bison bison "athabascae", Rhoads 1887, is not a valid taxon, but an ecotype. Arctic, 44, 283-300.
MEEHL, P.E. (2004). What's in a taxon ? Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113, 39-43.
Taxonomie : Classement d'objets réels ou de leurs propriétés selon certaines règles et critères (inclusion, similitude, hiérarchie, etc.), notamment des animaux (objet réel).Taxonomie, taxon et taxonomie de Bloom./a> = taxinomie. Taxonomy.
 
BLOOM, B.S. ENGLEHART, M., FURST, E., HILL, W. & KRATHWOHL, D.R. (1956/75). Taxonomy of educational objectives : The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I : Cognitive Domain. New York : Longmans Green / Taxonomie des objectifs pédagogiques : Vol. 1 : Domaine cognitif. Montréal : PUQ.
NORMAN, W.T. (1963). Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes : replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 66, 574-588.
SOKAL, R.R. & CAMIN, J.H. (1965). The two taxonomies : areas of agreementand conflict. Systematic Zoology, 14, 175-195. TRYON, W.W. (1996). Observing contingencies : Taxonomy and methods. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 215-230.
WIGGINS, J.S. (1979). A psychological taxonomy of trait-descriptive terms : The interpersonal domain. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37 (3), 395-412.
PEARCE, P.L. & AMATO, P.R. (1980). A taxonomy of helping : A multidimensional scaling analysis. Social Psychology Quarterly, 43 (4), 363-371. GATI, I., KRAUSZ, M. & OSIPOW, S.H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43 (4), 510-526.
BLOOM, B.S. (1984). Taxonomy of educational objectives. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. CARSON, R.C. (1996). Aristotle, Galileo, and the DSM taxonomy : The case of schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 64, 1133-1139. [PDF]
WIESLER, N.A., HANSON, R.H., CHAMBERLAIN, T.P. & THOMPSON, T. (1985). Functional taxonomy of stereotypic and self-injurious behavior. Mental Retardation, 23, 230-234. KIPNIS, D. (1997). Ghosts, taxonomies, and social psychology. American Psychologist, 52, 205-211.
ELLIOTT, R. (1985). Helpful and nonhelpful events in brief counseling interviews : An empirical taxonomy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 32, 307-322. CATANIA, A.C. (1998). The taxonomy of verbal behavior. In K.A. Lattal & M. Perone (Eds.), Handbook of research methods in human operant behavior (pp. 405-433). Plenum.
RAVEN, B.H. (1986). A taxonomy of power in human relations. Annals of Psychiatry, 16, 633- 636. PELAEZ, M. & MORENO, R. (1998). A taxonomy of rules and their correspondence to rule-governed behavior. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 24, 197-214. [PDF]
BLACKBURN, R. (1986). Patterns of personality deviation among violent offenders : replication and extension of an empirical taxonomy. British Journal of Criminology, 26, 254-269. SLIFE, B.D., YANCHAR, S.C. & WILLIAMS, B. (1999). Conceptions of determinism in radical behaviorism : A taxonomy. Behavior & Philosophy, 27 (2), 75-96. [PDF]
THISSEN, D. & LYNNE, S. (1986). A taxonomy of item response models. Psychometrika 51, 567-577. AIRASIAN, P.W. & MIRANDA, H. (2002). The role of assessment in the revised taxonomy. Theory into Practice, 41, 249-254.
KORNBLUM, S., HASBROUCQ, T. & OSMAN, A. (1990). Dimensional overlap : Cognitive basis for stimulus-response compatibility : A model and taxonomy. Psychological Review, 97, 253-270. FOSTER, E.K. (2004). Research on gossip : Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8, 78-99.
 GEIST, V. (1991). On the taxonomy of giant sheep (Ovis ammon Linnaeus 1766). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 706-723. DEHAENE, S., CHANGEUX, J.P., NACCACHE, L., SACKUR, J. & SERGENT, C. (2006). Conscious, preconscious, and subliminal processing : A testable taxonomy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 204-211.
 GEIST, V. (1991). Taxonomy : on the objective defintion of subspecies, taxa vs legal entities, and its application to Rangifer tarandus Linnaeus 1758. In C.E. Butler & S.P. Mahoney (Eds.), Proc. 4th N. American Caribou Workshop (pp. 1-21). St. Johns, Newfoundland. ZHENG, A.Y., LAWHORN, J.K., LUMLEY, T. & FREEMAN, S. (2008). Application of Bloom's taxonomy debunks the "MCAT myth". Science, 319, 414-415.
MARRADI, A. (1990). Classification, typology, taxonomy. Quality & Quantity, 24 (2), 129-157. [PDF] BRABRAND, C. & DAHL, B. (2009) Using the SOLO taxonomy to analyse competence progression of university science curricula. Journal Higher Education 58, 531-549.
BORMAN, W.C. & BRUSH, D.H. (1993). More progress toward a taxonomy of managerial performance requirements. Human Performance, 6, KUBINA, R.M., KOSTEEWICZ, D.E. & LIN, F.-Y. (2009). The taxonomy of learning and behavioral fluency. Journal of Precision Teaching & Celeration, 25, 17-27. [PDF]
SZIRMAK, Z. & DE RAAD, B. (1994). Taxonomy and structure of Hungarian personality traits. European Journal of Personality, 8, 95-117. HASLAM, N., HOLLAND, E. & KUPPENS, P. (2012). Categories versus dimensions in personality and psychopathology : A quantitative review of taxometric research. Psychological Medicine, 42, 903-920.

PINÊRO, B. & BECONA, E. (2013). Relapse situations according to Marlatt’s taxonomy in smokers. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16.
ABERCROMBIE, M., HICKMAN, C.J. & JOHNSON, M.L. (1980). Dictionary of biology. Londres : Penguin.
Taxonomie de Bloom : Taxonomie des objectifs d'apprentissage conçue par Bloom (1956). Elle s'appliquent à trois domaines : cognitif, affectif et psychomoteur (comportement). Ces six objectifs d'apprentissage sont : 1) Savoir; 2) Compréhension; 3) Application; 4) Analyse; 5) Synthèse; 6) Évaluation. Bloom's taxonomy.

Niveaux Objectifs généraux Objectifs spécifiques/Verbes d'action
1 Savoir Arranger, définir, dupliquer, étiqueter, lister, mémoriser, nommer, ordonner, identifier, relier, rappeler, répéter, reproduire
2 Compréhension Classifier, décrire, discuter, expliquer, exprimer, identifier, indiquer, situer, reconnaître, rapporter, reformuler, réviser, choisir, traduire
3 Application Appliquer, choisir, démontrer, dramatiser, employer, illustré, interpréter, opérer, pratiquer, planifier, schématiser, résoudre, utiliser, écrire
4 Analyse Analyser, estimer, calculer, catégoriser, comparer, contraster, critiquer, différencier, discriminer, distinguer, examiner, expérimenter, questionner, tester
5 Synthèse Arranger, assembler, collecter, composer, construire, créer, concevoir, développer, formuler, gérer, organiser, planifier, préparer, proposer, installer, écrire
6 Évaluation Arranger, argumenter, évaluer, rattacher, choisir comparer, justifier, estimer, juger, prédire, chiffrer, élaguer, sélectionner, soutenir
BLOOM, B.S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives : the classification of educational goals. New York, NY : Longmans, Green. FOREHAND, M. (2005). Bloom's taxonomy : Original and revised. In M. Orey (Ed.), Emerging perspectives on learning, teaching, and technology. [PDF]
BLOOM, B.S., ENGLEHART, M., FURST, E., HILL, W. & KRATHWOHL, D.R. (1956/75). Taxonomy of educational objectives : The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I : Cognitive Domain. New York : Longmans Green / Taxonomie des objectifs pédagogiques : Vol. 1 : Domaine cognitif. Montréal : PUQ. SU, M., OSISEK, P.J. & STARNES, B. (2005). Using the revised Bloom's taxonomy in the clinical laboratory : Thinking skills involved in diagnostic reasoning. Nurse Educator, 30, 117-122.
BLOOM, B.S. & KRATHWOHL, D.R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives : The classification of educational goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook 1: Cognitive domain. New York, Longmans. AMER, A. (2006). Reflections on Bloom's revised taxonomy. Electronic Journal of Research in Education Psychology, 8 (4), 214-230. [PDF]
KRATHWOHL, D.R., BLOOM, B.S. et MASIA, B.B. (1970). Taxonomie des objectifs pédagogiques. Tome 2 (le domaine affectif). Éducation nouvelle. DETTMER, P. (2006). New Blooms in established fields : Four domains of learning and doing. Roeper Review, 28, 70-78.
ORMELL, C.P. (1974-1095). Bloom's taxonomy and the objectives of education. Educational Research, 17, 3-18. PICKARD, M.J. (2007). The new Bloom's taxonomy : An overview for family and consumer sciences. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education, 25 (1), 45-55.
BLOOM, B.S. (1984). Taxonomy of educational objectives. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. CROWE, A., DIRKS, C. & WENDEROTH, M.P. (2008). Biology in bloom : implementing Bloom's taxonomy to enhance student learning in biology. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 7, 368-381.
ANDERSON, L. & KRATHWOHL, D.R. (2000). Taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing : A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. New York : Longman. ZHENG, A.Y., LAWHORN, J.K., LUMLEY, T. & FREEMAN, S. (2008). Application of Bloom's taxonomy debunks the"MCAT myth". Science, 319, 414-415.
ANDERSON, L., KRATHWOHL, D.R., AIRASIAN, P.W., CRUIKSHANK, K.A., MAYER, R.E., PINTRICH, P.R., RATHS, J. & WITTROCK, M.C. (2001). A taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing : A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. New York: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon. GREEN, K.H. (2010). Matching functions and graphs at multiple levels of Bloom's revised taxonomy. Primus, 20 (3), 204-216.
 WITTROCK, M.C. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching and assessing : A revision of Bloom's taxonomy. New York : Allyn & Bacon. TIEMEIER, T., STACY, A.Z. & BURKE, J.M. (2011). Using multiple choice questions written at various Bloom's taxonomy levels to evaluate student performance across a therapeutics sequence. Innovations in Pharmacy, 2, 1-11.
FERGUSON, C. (2002). Using the revised Bloom's Taxonomy to plan and deliver team-taught, integrated, thematic units. Theory into Practice, 41 (4), 239-244. BHAGOOLI, R. (2011). Applying Bloom's taxonomy to analyze the level of learning in university biology education. University of Mauritius Research Journal, 17, 209-223. [PDF]
KRATHWOHL, D.R. (2002). A revision of Bloom's taxonomy : An overview. Theory into Practice, 41 (4), 212-218. [PDF] LEMONS, P.P. & LEMONS, J.D. (2013). Questions for assessing higher-order cognitive skills: it's not just Bloom's. CBE Life Sciences Education, 12 (1), 47-58.
ATHANASSIOU, N., McNETT, J.M. & HARVEY, C. (2003). Critical thinking in the management classroom : Bloom's taxonomy as a learning tool. Journal of Management Education, 27 (5), 533-555. NEVID, J.S. & McCLELLAND, N. (2013). Using action verbs as learning outcomes : Applying Bloom's taxonomy in measuring instructional objectives in Introductory Psychology. Journal of Education & Training Studies, 1 (2), 19-24. [PDF]
CRUZ, E. (2003). Bloom's revised taxonomy. In B. Hoffman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Educational Technology. ADAMS, N.E. (2015). Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive learning objectives. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 103 (3), 152–153. [PDF]

ADELI, M.R. & SOOZANDEHFAR, S.M.A. (2016). A Critical Appraisal of Bloom's Taxonomy. American Research Journal of English & Literature, 2, 1-9. [PDF]
 
LEGENDRE, R. (1993). Dictionnaire actuel de l'Éducation. Montréal : Guérin/Paris : ESKA.
Taylor/Tylor
Bridget A. Taylor Janet Taylor (Spence) Shelley E. Taylor
Calvin W. Taylor Marjorie Taylor Janet Taylor Spence
Donald M. Taylor Richard Taylor Leona E. Tyler
Frederick Winslow Taylor Marylee C. Taylor Tom Richard Tyler
Graeme J. Taylor

 
Taylor Bridget A. ( ) : Psychologue béhavioriste américaine et spécialiste de l'étude du conditionnement opérant, notamment chez les autistes.
TAYLOR, B.A. & HARRIS, S.L. (1995). Teaching children with autism to seek information : Acquisition of novel information and generalization of responding. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28 (1), 3-14. [PDF]
TAYLOR, B.A. & LEVIN L. (1998). Teaching a student with autism to make verbal initiations: Effects of a tactile prompt. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37 (1), 651-654. [PDF]
TAYLOR, B.A., HUGHES, C.E., RICHARD, E., HOCH, H. & RODRIGUEZ-COELLO, A. (2004). Teaching teenagers with autism to seek assistance when lost. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 37 (1), 79–82. [PDF]
TAYLOR, B.A., HOCH, H. & WEISSMAN, M. (2004). The analysis and treatment of vocal stereotypy in a child with autism. Behavioral Interventions, 20, 239-253. , 37 (1), 79–82. [PDF]
TAYLOR, B.A., (2015). Stereo knobs and swing sets : falling in love with the science of behavior. The Behavior Analyst, 38, 283–292.
Taylor Calvin W. (1915-2000) : Psychométricien américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'intelligence et de la créativité. Étudiant de Thurstone.
TAYLOR, C.W. (1968). Cultivating new talents : A way to reach the educationally deprived. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 2, 83-90.
TAYLOR, C.W. (1964). Creativity: Progress and potential.
TAYLOR, C.W. (1972). Climate for creativity. New York : Pergamon.
TAYLOR, C.W. (1986). Cultivating simultaneous student growth in both multiple creative talents and knowledge. In J.S. Renzulli (Ed.), Systems and models for developing programs for the gifted and talented (pp. 307-350).
AUTEUR INCONNU (2001). Calvin W. Taylor (1915-2000) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 55 (6/7), 519.
Taylor Charles (1931-) : Philosophe québécois. Il s'est notamment intéressé aux concepts d'identité sociale, d'individualisme et de modernité.

TAYLOR, C. (1964). The explanation of behaviour. Londres : Routledge & Kagan Paul.
TAYLOR, C. (1987/98). The sources of the self / Les sources du moi : la formation de l'identité moderne. Harvard : Harvard University Press/Montréal : Boréal.
TAYLOR, C. (1992). Grandeur et misère de la modernité. Québec : Éditions Bellarmin.
TAYLOR, C. (1994). Multiculturalisme, différence et démocratie. France : Aubier.

BOCK-CÔTÉ, M. (2012). La mémoire de la Révolution tranquille et l’idéologie diversitaire : retour sur la conception de l’histoire présente dans le rapport Bouchard-Taylor. Bulletin d’Histoire Politique, 20 (3), 149-169. [PDF]
Taylor Donald M. (1943-2021) : Psychosociologue québécois et spécialiste de l'étude des stéréotypes raciaux/ethniques et des langues autochtones. Il enseigne à l'Université McGill. Collaborateur de De la Sablonnière.
TAYLOR, D.M. & GARDNER, R.C. (1969). Ethnic stereotypes : Their effects on the perception of communicators of varying credibility. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 23, 161-173.
TAYLOR, D.M., CAOUETTE, J., USBORNE, E. & WRIGHT, S.C. (2008). Aboriginal languages in Québec : Fighting linguicide with bilingual education. Diversité Urbaine, 8, 69-90.
TAYLOR, D.M. & De la SABLONNIÈRE, R. (2013). Why interventions in dysfunctional communities fail : the need for a truly collective approach. Canadian Psychology, 54, 22-29.
TAYLOR, D.M., De la SABLONNIÈRE, R. & FRENCH-BOURGEOIS, L. (2014). Genuine community ownership of northern education : From theory to practice. Northern Public Affairs, 2, 55-59.
TAYLOR, D.M. & De la SABLONNIÈRE, R. (2014). Towards constructive change in Aboriginal communities : A social psychology perspective. Montréal : McGill-Queen's University Press.
Taylor Frederick Winslow (Germantown États-Unis 1856-1915) : Ingénieur, spécialiste de l'organisation systématique du travail et père d'un mouvement qui porte maintenant son nom, le taylorisme.
TAYLOR, F.W. (1911/12). Principles of scientific management. New York-London : Harper & Brother Publisgers. / Principes d'organisation scientifique des usines. Paris : H. Dunod et E. Pinat.
TAYLOR, F.W. (1912). Shop management.
TAYLOR, F.W. (1916). Principles of scientific management. Bulletin of the Taylor Society. In D. Mankin, R.E. Ames & M.A. Grodski (Eds.), (1980). Classics of industrial and organizational psychology. (pp. 15-28). Oak Park, Illinois : Moore Publishing Company.
Taylor Graeme J. ( ) : Psychiatre canadien et spécialiste de l'étude de la personnalité, notamment de l'alexithymie. Collaborateur de Bagby.
TAYLOR, G.J., DOODY, K. & NEWMAN, A. (1981). "Alexithymia" characteristics in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 26, 470-474.
TAYLOR, G.J., BAGBY, R.M. & PARKER, J.D.A. (1991). The alexithymia construct : A potential paradigm for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosomatics, 32, 153-164. [PDF]
TAYLOR, G.J., BAGBY, R.M. & PARKER, J.D. (1992). The Revised Toronto Alexithymia Scale : Some reliability, validity, and normative data. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 57 (1-2), 34-41.
TAYLOR, G.J. (1994). The alexithymia construct : Conceptualization, validation, and relationship with basic dimensions of personality. New Trends in Experimental & Clinical Psychiatry, 10, 61-74.
TAYLOR, G.J., BAGBY, R.M., KUSHNER, SS., BENOIT, D. & ATKINSON, L. (2014). Alexithymia and adult attachment representations : Associations with the five-factor model of personality and perceived relationship adjustment. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55 (5), 1258-1268.
Taylor Marjorie ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude du développement, notamment du mensonge et des amis imaginaires.
TAYLOR, M. & CARLSON, S.M. (1997). The relation between individual differences in fantasy and theory of mind. Child Development, 68, 436-455. [PDF]
TAYLOR, M., LUSSIER, G.L. & MARING, B.L. (2003). The distinction between lying and pretending. Journal of Cognition & Development, 4, 299-324. [PDF]
TAYLOR, M., CARLSON, S.M., MARING, B.L., GEROW, L. & CHARLEY, C. (2004). The characteristics and correlates of high fantasy in school-aged children : Imaginary companions, impersonation and social understanding. Developmental Psychology, 40, 1173-1187. [PDF]
TAYLOR, M. & MOTTWEILER, C.M. (2008). Imaginary companions : Pretending they are real but knowing they are not. American Journal of Play, 1, 47-54. [PDF]
TAYLOR, M., HULETTE, A.C. & DISHION, T.J. (2010). Longitudinal outcomes of young high-risk adolescents with imaginary companions. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1632-1636. [PDF]
Taylor Marylee C. (Oakland 1943-) : Psychosociologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude des relations ethniques. Collaboratrice de Hall et Pettigrew.
TAYLOR, M.C. (1979). Race, Sex, and self-fulfilling prophecy effects in a laboratory teaching situation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37, 897-912.
TAYLOR, M.C. & HALL, J.A. (1982). Psychological androgyny : Theories, methods, and conclusions. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 347-366.
TAYLOR, M.C. (1995). The impact of affirmative action on beneficiary groups : Evidence from the 1990 general social survey. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 15, 143-178.
TAYLOR, M.C. (1995). White backlash to workplace affirmative action : Peril or myth ? Social Forces, 73, 1385-1414.
TAYLOR, M.C. (1998). How white attitudes vary with the racial composition of local populations : Numbers count. American Sociological Review, 63, 512-535.
Taylor Richard (1919-2003) : Philosophe américain et spécialiste de la métaphysique. Étudiant de Chisholm et professeur de Lehrer.
TAYLOR, R. (1963). Metaphysics.
TAYLOR, R. (1966). Action and purpose.
TAYLOR, R. (1970). Good and evil.
TAYLOR, R. (1991). Virtue ethics.
Taylor Shelley Elisabeth (Mont Kisko, 1946-) : Psychosociologue américaine, spécialisée dans l'étude du soutien social. Collaboratrice de Buunk, Etcoff, Fiske, Kim, Peplau, Sears et Sherman.
TAYLOR, S.E., FISKE, S.T., ETCOFF, N.L. & RUDERMAN, A.J. (1978). Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and sereotyping. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36 (7), 778-793. [PDF]
TAYLOR, S.E. (1983). Adjustment to threatening events : A theory of cognitive adaptation. American Psychologist, 38, 1161-1173. [PDF]
TAYLOR, S.E. (1991). Asymmetrical effects of positive and negative events : The mobilization-minimization hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 110 (1), 67-85. [PDF]
TAYLOR, S.E., KLEIN, L.C., LEWIS, B.P., GRUENEWALD, T.L., GURUNG, R.A. & UPDEGRAFF, J.A. (2000). Biobehavioral responses to stress in females : Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychological Review, 107, 411-429. [PDF]
TAYLOR, S.E. & STANTON, A. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 129-153. [PDF]
Taylorisme : Doctrine et système d'organisation du travail formulés par Taylor. qui s'appuie sur trois grands principes : 1) une analyse minitieuse dite "scientifique" des modes de production de l'entreprise; 2) organisation et division systématique des tâches (parcellisation et spécialisation du travail) permettant cette production; 3) Offrir aux employés des conditions qui les encouragent à travailler, à réaliser leurs tâches. Taylorisme et fordisme. Taylorism.


  TAYLOR, F.W. (1916). Principles of scientific management. Bulletin of the Taylor Society. In D. Mankin, R.E. Ames & M.A. Grodski (Eds.), (1980). Classics of industrial and organizational psychology. (pp. 15-28). Oak Park, Illinois : Moore Publishing Company.
 Tchernobyl (Accident) : Voir Nucléaire.
 
Cherry/Sherry
Edward Colin Cherry Todd L. Cherry Simone B. Sherry
 
TDAH : Voir Trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperativité.
 
TAC - TEASDALE - TECHNIQUE - TECHNOLOGIE - Technologie Information/Communication (TIC) - TÉLÉ - TÉLÉPHONE - TÉLÉVISION - TEM
Te Nijenhuis Jan ( ) : Psychométricien néérlandais et spécialiste de l'étude de l'intelligence, notamment de l'intelligence générale (facteur G). Collaborateur de Woddley.
TE NIJENHUIS, J., EVERS, A. & MUR, J.P. (2000). The validity of the Differential Aptitude Test for the assessment of immigrant children. Educational Psychology, 20, 99-115.
TE NIJENHUIS, J., VAN VIANEN, A.E.M. & VAN DER FLIER, H. (2007). Score gains on g-loaded tests: No g. Intelligence, 35, 283-300.
TE NIJENHUIS, J. & VAN DER FLIER, H. (2007). The secular rise in IQs in the Netherlands : Is the Flynn effect on g ? Personality & Individual Differences, 43, 1259-1265. [PDF]
TE NIJENHUIS, J. & VAN DER FLIER, H. (2013). Is the Flynn effect on g ? A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 41, 802-807. [PDF]
TE NIJENHUIS, J., JONGENEEL-GRIMEN, B. & ARMSTRONG, E.L. (2015). Are adoption gains on the g factor ? A meta-analysis. Personality & Individual Differences, 73, 56-60.
Teacher Educator (The...) : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'enseignement. Éditeur : Taylor & Francis.
MOORE, K.D. & MARKAM, J.S. (1983). A competency model for the evaluation of teacher education program graduates. The Teacher Educator, 19 (1), 20-31.
Teachers College Record : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'enseignement. Éditeur : .
HUBERMAN, A.M. & MILES, M.B. (2002). Rethinking the quest for school improvement : Some findings from the DESSI study. Teachers College Record, 86 (1), 34-54.
 
Teachers Exceptional Children/Plus : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'enseignement des enfants surdoués et talentueux.
LINDSLEY, O.R. (1990). Precision teaching : By teachers for children. Teaching Exceptional Children, 22 (3), 10-15.
 
Teaching & Teacher Education : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'enseignement. Éditeur : Elsevier.
GOOD, T.L, SLAVINGS, R. & MASON, D. (1988). Learning to ask questions : Grade and school effects. Teaching & Teacher Education, 4 (4), 363-378.
 
Teaching of Psychology : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'enseignement de la psychologie. Éditeur : Routdlege.
BROTHEN, T. & WAMBACH, C. (2001). Effective student use of computerized quizzes. Teaching of Psychology, 28 (4), 292-294.
 
Teaching Thinking & Problem Solving (1979-1995) : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'enseignement. Éditeur : Routdlege.
JACKENDOFF, R. (1991). The paradox of language acquisition. Teaching Thinking & Problem Solving, 13 (5), 1-6.
 
Teasdale John D. (1950-) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine anglaise, spécialisé dans l'étude de la dépression et des rechutes. Collaborateur de Abramson, Segal, Seligman, Shapiro, Watkins et Williams.
TEASDALE, J.D., FENNELL, M.J.V., HIBBERT, G.A. & AMIES, P.L. (1984). Cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder in primary care. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 400-406.
TEASDALE, J.D. (1985). Psychological treatments for depression : How do they work ? Behaviour Research & Therapy, 23, 157-165.
TEASDALE, J.D., WILLIAMS, J.M.G., SOULSBY, J.M. SEGAL, Z.V., RIDGEWAY, V.A. & LAU, M.A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/Recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68 (4), 615-623. [PDF]
TEASDALE, J.D., SCOTT, J., MOORE, R.G., HAYHURS, H., POPE, M. & PAYKEL, E.S. (2001). How does cognitive therapy prevent relapse in residual depression ? Evidence from a controlled trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69 (3), 347-357. [PDF]
TEASDALE, J.D., MOORE, R.G., HAYHURST, H., POPE, M., WILLIAMS, S. & SEGAL, Z.V. (2002). Metacognitive awareness and prevention of relapse in depression : Empirical evidence. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 70, 278-287. [PDF]
ROBINS, C.J. & BLOCK, P. (1989). Cognitive theories of depression viewed from a diathesis-stress perspective : Evaluation of the models of Beck and Abramson, Seligman & Teasdale. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 13 (4), 297-313.
LAU, M.A., SEGAL, Z. & WILLIAMS, J.M.G. (2004). Teasdale's differential activation hypothesis : Implications for mechanisms of depressive relapse and suicidal behaviour. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 42, 1001-1017. [PDF]
Technique : Terme générique qui désigne «ce que l'on fait» pour résoudre un problème ou atteindre un objectif (Le comment), par opposition à la méthode qui décrit et explique les raisons ou les causes pour lesquelles on fait ce que l'on fait (Le pourquoi). En principe, une technique est une façon particulière de faire les choses qui repose sur des connaissances et des méthodes qui sont reproduites et transmises en raison de leur efficacité (avérée ou supposée), mais il existe également des techniques efficaces sans rationnel clair ou évident. EX: les techniques d'anesthésie qui, à l'origine, se sont développées sans que l'on comprenne exactement pourquoi et comment le cerveau "s'endort". = marche à suivre, façon de faire, le comment, ce que l'on fait. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. /Le pourquoi, méthode. Technique, procedure.

 
Formes de technique
Technique d'apprentissage Technique de relaxation Technique du leurre
Technique d'enseignement Technique de tri qualitatif Technique du low-ball
Technique de mise en marché Technique thérapeutique Technique du pied-dans-la-bouche
Technique de modification du comportement Technique thérapeutique directive Technique du pied-dans-la-porte
Technique de persuasion Technique thérapeutique non-directive Technique pédagogique
Technique de recherche  Technique de la porte-dans-la-face Technique projective
 
 
Technique d'apprentissage : Voir Apprentissage. Learning.
Technique d'enseignement : Voir Enseigner. Teaching, teaching method, effective learning techniques.
Technique de la porte-dans-la-face : Technique de persuasion en deux temps qui consiste d'abord à faire une demande ou une offre exagérée à autrui, sachant pertinemment qu'elle sera refusée, puis de revenir à la charge avec une offre ou une demande beaucoup plus raisonnable, demande qui sera probablement acceptée, alors qu'en temps normal elle ne l'aurait probablement pas été. Technique du pied-dans-la-porte et persuasion. = stratégie de la porte-au-nez. Door-in-the-face technique, door-in-the-face procedure, DITF.
 
CIALDINI, R.B., VINCENT, J.E., LEWIS, S.K., CATALAN, J., WHEELER, D. & DARBY, B.L. (1975). Reciprocal concessions procedure for inducing compliance : The door-in-the-face technique. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 31, 206-215. [PDF] REEVES, R.A., BAKER, G.A., BOYD, J.G. & CIALDINI, R.B. (1991). The door-in-the-face technique: Reciprocal concessions vs. self-presentation explanations. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 6, 545-558.
CANN, A., SHERMAN, S.J. & ELKES, R. (1975). Effects of initial request size and timing of a second request on compliance : The foot in the door and the door in the face. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32, 774-782. DILLARD, J.P. & HALE, J.L. (1992). Prosocial parameter of sequential request strategies : Limits to the foot-in-the-door and the door-in-the-face ? Communication Studies, 43, 220-232.
PENDLETON, M.G. & BATSON, C.D. (1979). Self-presentation and the door-in-the-face technique for inducing compliance. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 5 (1), 77-81. ABRAHAMS, M.F. & BELL, R.A. (1994). Encouraging charitable contributions : An examination of three models of door-in-the-face Compliance. Communication Research, 21, 131-153.
BELL, R.A., ABRAHAMS, M.F., CLARK, C. & SCHLATTER, C. (1996). The door-in-the-face compliance strategy : an individual differences analysis of two models in an aids fund raising context. Communication Quarterly, 44, 107-124.
SCHWARZWALD, J., RAZ, M. & ZVIBEL, M. (1979). The applicability of the door-in-the face technique when established behavioral customs sexist. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9 (6), 576-586. O'KEEFE, D.J. & FIGGE, M. (1997). A guilt-based explanation of the door-in-the-face influence strategy. Human Communication Research, 24 (1), 64-81. [PDF]
SHANAB, M. & ISONIO, S. (1980). The effects of delay upon compliance with socially undesirable requests in the door-in-the-face paradigm. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 15, 76-78. O'KEEFE, D.J. & HALE, S.L. (1998). The door-in-the-face influence strategy : A random-effects meta-analytic review. Communication Yearbook, 2, 1-33. [PDF]
O'KEEFE, D.J. & FIGGE, M. (1999). Guilt and expected guilt in the door-in-the-face technique. Communication Monographs, 66, 312-324. [PDF]
HALE, J.J. & LALIKER, M. (1999). Explaining the door-in-the-face : Is it really time to abandon reciprocal concessions ? Communication Studies, 10, 203-210.
O'KEEFE, D.J. (1999). Three reasons for doubting the adequacy of the reciprocal-concessions explanation of door-in-the-face effects. Communication Studies, 50, 211-220. [PDF]
MOWEN, J.C. & CIALDINI, R.B. (1980). On implementing the door-in-the-face compliance technique in a business context. Journal of Marketing Research, 27, 253-258. TUSING, K.J. & DILLARD, J.P. (2000). The psychological reality of the door-in-the-face : It's Helping, not Bargaining. Journal of Language & Social Psychology, 19 (1), 5-25.
GOLDMAN, M. & CREASON, C. (1981). Inducing compliance by a two-door-in-the face procedure and a self-determination request. The Journal of Social Psychology, 114, 229-235. O'KEEFE, D.J. & HALE, S.L. (2001). An odds-ratio-based meta-analysis of research on the door-in-the-face influence. Communication Reports, 14, 31-38. [PDF]
GROVES, R.M. & MAGILAVY, L. (1981). Increasing response rates to telephone surveys : A door in the face for foot in the door ? Public Opinion Quarterly, 45 (3), 346-358. GUADAGNO, R.E., DEMAINE, L.J. & CIALDINI, R.B. (2001). When saying yes leads to saying no : Preference for consistency and the reverse foot-in-the-door effect. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (7), 859-867. [PDF]
DILLARD, J.P. & BURGOON, M. (1982). An appraisal of two sequential request strategies for gaining compliance : Foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face. Communication, 11, 40-57. MILLAR, M. (2002). Effects of a guilt induction and guilt reduction on door in the face. Comminication Research, 29 (6), 666-680. [PDF]
GUÉGUEN, N. (2003). Fund raising on the Web : The effect of the electronic foot-in-the-door on prosocial request. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6 (2), 189-193. [PDF]
PASCUAL, A. & GUÉGUEN, N. (2005). Foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face : A comparative Meta-analytic study. Psychological Reports, 96 (1), 122-128. [PDF]
DILLARD, J.P., HUNTER, J.E. & BURGOON, M. (1984). Sequential-request persuasive strategies : Meta-analysis of foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face. Human Communication Research, 10, 461-488. MITCHELL-TURNER, M., TAMBORINI, R., LIMON, M.S. & ZUCKREMAN-HYMAN, C. (2007). The moderators and mediators of door-in-the-face requests : Is it a negotiation or a helping experience ? Communication Monographs, 74 (3), 333-356. [PDF]
GOLDMAN, M., McVEIGH, J.F. & RICHTERKESSING, J.L. (1984). Door-in-the-face procedure : Reciprocal concession, perceptual contrast, or worthy person. Journal of Social Psychology, 123, 245-251. EBSTER C. & NEUMAYR, B. (2008). Applying the door-in-the-face compliance technique to retailing. The International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research, 18 (1), 121-128.
OLDMAN, M. (1986). Compliance employing a combined foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face procedure. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 111-116. GUÉGUEN, N. & JACOB, C. MEINERI, S. (2011). Effects of the door-in-the-face technique on restaurant customers' behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30, 759-761. [PDF]

FEELEY, T.H., ANKER, A.E. & LOE, A.M. (2012). The door-in-the-face persuasive message strategy : A meta-analysis of the first 35 years. Communication Monographs, 79, 316-343.
 
Voir aussi Technique de persuasion
Technique de mise en marché : Voir Mise en marché. Marketing.
Technique de modification du comportement : Voir Comportement ou Changement de comportement. Behavior change.
Technique de persuasion : Voir Persuasion. Persuasion, persuasive communication, deterrence.
Techniques de persuasion
Technique de la porte-dans-la-face Technique du low-ball Technique du pied-dans-la-porte
Technique du leurre Technique du pied-dans-la-bouche  
 
Technique de recherche : Manière systématique et formelle de collecter les données d'une recherche empirique.
 
Technique de relaxation : Voir Relaxation. Relaxation therapy.
Techniques de tri qualitatif : Test projectif d'évaluation du point de vue d'un sujet, de ses opinions, inventée par Stephenson. Le sujet doit choisir à partir d'une liste d'énoncés décrivant des traits, des comportements ou des attitudes celles qui lui semblent le mieux correspondre à ses opinions, à son point de vue. Q-sort method.
 
STEPHENSON, W. (1935). Technique of factor analysis. Nature, 136, 297.
STEPHENSON, W. (1953). The study of behavior : Q-technique and its methodology. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
STEPHENSON, W. (1982). Q-methodology, interbehavioral psychology, and quantum theory. Psychological Record, 32, 235-248.
STEPHENSON, W. (1987). Q-methodology : Interbehavioral and quantum theoretical connections in clinical psychology. In D.H. Ruben & D.J. Delprato (Eds.), New ideas in therapy (pp. 95-106). Westport, CT : Greenwood.
 
Voir aussi Stephenson
Technique du leurre : Technique de persuasion fondée sur l'engagement. = stratégie du leurre.
 
GUÉGUEN, N. & JACOB, C. (2008). La technique du leurre en situation d'achat : impact du renforcement d'une décision sur le renoncement. La Revue des Sciences de Gestion - direction et gestion des entreprises, 234, 115-120. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Technique de persuasion
Technique du low-ball : Technique de persuasion fondée sur l'engagement. = stratégie du low-ball. Low-ball procedure.
 
CIALDINI, R.B. & CACIOPPO, J., BASSET, R. & MILLER, B.L. (1978). Low-ball procedure for producing compliance : Commitment then cost. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36, 599-604. [PDF]
BURGER, J.M. & PETTY, R.E. (1981). The lowball compliance technique : Task or person commitment ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 40, 492-500.
POLLOCK, C.L., SMITH, S.D., KNOWLES, E.S. & BRUCE, H.J. (1998). Mindfulness limits compliance with the that's-not-all technique. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 1153-1 157.
BURGER, J.M. REED, M., DECESARE, K., RAUNER, S. & ROZOLIS, J. (1999). The effects of initial request size on compliance : More about the that's-not-all technique. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 21, 243-249. [PDF]
GUÉGUEN, N., PASCUAL A. & DAGOT L. (2002). The low-ball technique : An application in a field setting. Psychological Reports, 91, 81-84. [PDF]
BURGER, J.M. & CORNELIUS, T. (2003). Raising the price of agreement : public commitment and the low-ball compliance procedure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33 (5), 923-934. [PDF]
BURGER, J.M. & CAPUTO, D. (2015). The low-ball compliance procedure: a meta-analysis. Social Influence, 10 (4), 1-7. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Technique de persuasion
Technique du pied-dans-la-bouche : Technique de persuasion. Foot-in-the-mouth.
 
AUNE, R.K. & ASIL, M.D. (1994). A relational obligations approach to the foot-in-the-mouth effect. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 24, 546-556.
MEINERI, S. & GUÉGUEN, N. (2011). I hope I don't disturb you, Am I ? Another operationalization of the foot-in-the-mouth paradigm. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41 (4), 965-975. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Technique de persuasion
Technique du pied-dans-la-porte : Technique de persuasion en deux temps qui consiste d'abord à faire une demande à un individu tellement peu exigente qu'il ne pourra la refuser (acquiescement), puis de revenir à la charge avec une seconde demande beaucoup plus importante, qui en temps normal serait sans doute refusée, mais que plusieurs individus acceptent néanmoins. Technique du pied-dans-la-porte et persuasion. = stratégie du pied-dans-la-porte, le pied-dans-la-porte. FITD, foot-in-the-door, foot-in-the-door technique, foot-in-the-door effect.


 
FREEDMAN, J.L. & FRASER, S.C. (1966). Compliance without pressure : The foot-in-the-door technique. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 4, 195-202. DILLARD, J. (1990). Self-inference and the foot-in-the-door technique : Quantity of behavior and attitudinal mediation. Human Communication Research, 16, 422-447.
BARON, R.A. (1973). The foot-in-the-door phenomenon : Mediating effects of size of first request and sex of requester. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 2, 113–114.
PLINER, P., HART, H., KOHL, J. & SAARI, D. (1974). Compliance without pressure : Some further data on the foot-in-the-door technique. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10, 17–22.
SNYDER, M. & CUNNINGHAM, M.R. (1974). To comply or not comply : Testing the self-perception explanation of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 31, 64–67.

BEAMAN, A.L., SVANUM, S., MANLOVE, S. & HAMPTON, C. (1974). An attribution theory explanation of the foot-in-the-door effect. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 1, 122-123. DILLARD, J.P. & HALE, J.L. (1992). Prosocialness and sequential request compliance techniques : Limits to the foot-in-the-door and the door-in-the-face ? Communication Studies, 43, 220-232.
CANN, A., SHERMAN, S.J. & ELKES, R. (1975). Effects of initial request size and timing of a second request on compliance : The foot in the door and the door in the face. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 32, 774-782. GORASSINI, D. & OLSON, J. (1995). Does self-perception change explain the foot-in-the door effect ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 69, 91-105. [PDF]
SELIGMAN, C., BUSH, M. & KIRSCH, K. (1976). Relationship between compliance in the foot-in-the-door paradigm and thes Size of the first request. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 33, 517–520.

REINGEN, P.H. & KERNAN, J.B. (1977). Compliance with an interview request : A foot-in-the-door, self-perception interpretation. Journal of Marketing Research, 14 (3), 365-369.
SCOTT, C.A. (1977). Modifying socially-conscious behavior : The foot-in-the-door technique. Journal of Consuner Research, 4, 156-164.
ZUCKERMAN, M., AZZARO, M. & WALDGEIR, D. (1979). Undermining effects of the foot-in-the-door technique with extrinsic rewards. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 9, 292-296. DOLIN, D.J. & BOOTH-BUTTERFIELD, S. (1995). Foot-in-the-door and cancer prevention. Health Communication, 7 (1), 55.
DEJONG, E. (1979). An examination of self-perception mediation of the foot-in-the-door effect.”Journal of Personality & Social Psychology. 37(12), 2221-2239.

HANSEN, R.A. & ROBINSON, L.M. (1980), Testing the Effectiveness of Alternative Foot-in-the-door manipulation. Journal of Marketing Research, 17 (3), 359-364.
GROVES, R.M. & MAGILAVY, L. (1981). Increasing response rates to telephone surveys : A door in the face for foot in the door ? Public Opinion Quarterly, 45 (3), 346-358. BURGER, J.M. (1999). The foot-in-the-door compliance procedure : A multiple-process analysis and review. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 3 (4), 303-325. [PDF]
ALLEN, C.T., SCHEWE, C.D. & WIJK. G. (1980). More on self-perception theory’s foot technique in the pre-call/mail survey setting. Journal of Marketing Research, 17, 498–502.

FURSE, D.H., STEWART, DÉWÉ & RADOS, D.L. (1981). Effects of foot-in-the-door, cash incentives, and followups on survey response. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 473–478. CHIN, M.L., BOND, J.R. & GEVA, N. (2000). A foot in the door : An experimental study of PAC and constituency effects on access. The Journal of Politics, 6 (2), 534-549.
BEAMAN, A.L., COLE, M., PRESTON, M., LENTZ, B. & MEHRKENS-STEBLAY, N. (1983). Fifteen years of foot-in-the-door research : A meta-analysis. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 9, 181-196. GUÉGUEN, N. & JACOB, C. (2001). Fund raising on the Web : The effect of the electronic foot-in-the-door on prosocial request. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4 (6), 705-709. [PDF]
DILLARD, J., HUNTER, J. & BURGOON, M. (1984). Sequential request persuasive strategies : Meta-analysis of foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face. Human Communication Research, 10, 461-488. GUÉGUEN, N. (2002). Foot-in-the-door and computer-mediated communication. Computers in Human Behavior, 18 (1), 11-15. [PDF]
OLDMAN, M. (1986). Compliance employing a combined foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face procedure. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 111-116. BURGER, J.M. & CALDWELL, D.F. (2003). The effects of monetary incentives and labeling on the foot-in-the-door effect : Evidence for a self-perception process. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 25 (3), 235-241. [PDF]
JOULE, R.-V. (1987). Le pied-dans-la-porte : Un paradigme à la recherche d'une théorie. Psychologie Française, 32, 301-306. PASCUAL, A. & GUÉGUEN, N. (2005). Foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face : A comparative meta-analytic study. Psychological Reports, 96 (1), 122. [PDF]
JOULE, R.-V. (1987). Tobacco deprivation : The foot-in-the-door technique versus the lowball technique. European Journal of Social Psychology, 17, 361-365. GRIFFITHS, M. (2010). Online gambling, social responsibility and 'foot-in-the-door' techniques. i-Gaming Business, 62, 100-101. [PDF]
VREDENBURG, H. & MARSHALL, J. (1988). Extending the external validity of the FITD effect to the industrial marketplace. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16 (2), 49-56. GUÉGUEN, N., MEINERI, S., GRANDJEAN, I. & MARTIN, A. (2010). The combined effect of the Foot-in-the-Door technique and the "But you are free of technique" : An evaluation on the selective sorting of household wastes. EcoPsychology, 2 (4), 231-237. [PDF]
Voir aussi Conformisme, Acquiescement et Technique de persuasion
Technique pédagogique : Voir Enseigner. Teaching, teaching method, effective learning techniques.
Technique thérapeutique : Désigne une façon particulière d'aider et de guérir un patient/client. En principe, une thérapie est un ensemble de techniques qui reposent sur des principes et des données scientifiques (qui expliquent l'efficacité de ces techniques) et l'exercice de ces techniques en conditions réelles (pratique).
 
SHARPE, E. (1930). The technique of psycho-analysis. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 11, 251-277.

Voir aussi Thérapie
Technique thérapeutique directive : Ensemble des techniques utilisées par la plupart des psychologues, sauf les humanistes, techniques qui, comme le nom l'indique, tentent d'amener systématiquement le client/patient vers un but précis (révéler son inconscient, modifier ses comportements, prendre conscience de ses erreurs de raisonnement (biais), accepter son sort, etc.). La plupart des humanistes préconisent plutôt des techniques qui permettent au client de trouver sa voie, de fixer ses propres objectifs, reléguant ainsi le thérapeute à un rôle d'accompagnateur ou de simple guide (plutôt qu'un expert).
 
Technique thérapeutique non-directive : Ensemble des techniques utilisées par les humanistes, techniques qui, comme le nom l'indique, ne tente pas d'amener systématiquement le client vers un but précis (révéler son inconscient, modifier ses comportements, prendre conscience de ses erreurs de raisonnement, etc.), mais plutôt de favoriser un climat d'échange qui encourage le client à parler de lui, de ses expériences. = orientation non directive. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous.
Techniques thérapeutiques non-directives
Écoute active Clarification Reflet
Empathie Reformulation  
 
 
PAGES, M. (1965). L'orientation non directive en psychothérapie et en psychologie sociale. Paris : Dunod.
Technique projective : Voir Test projectif. Projective test.
Technoference : Distraction (interférence) créée par les technologies, notamment l'usage inapproprié des écrans (Téléphone, ordinateur, tablette ou télévision). Technoference, Technology interference.

 
McDANIEL, B.T. & COYNE, S.M. (2016). "Technoference" The interference of technology in couple relationships and implications for women's personal and relational well-being. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5, 85-98. McDANIEL, B.T. & RADESKY, J. (2018). Technoference : Parent technology use, stress, and child behavior problems over time. Pediatric Research, 84, 210-218.
McDANIEL, B.T. & RADESKY, J. (2018). Technoference : Parent distraction by technology and associations with child behavior problems. Child Development, 89 (1), 100-109. [PDF] McDANIEL, B.T. GALOVAN, A.M., CRAVENS J. & DROUIN, M. (2018). Technoference and implications for mothers' and fathers' couple and coparenting relationship quality. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 303-313.
NEWHAM, G., DROUIN, M. & McDANIEL, B.T. (2018). Problematic phone use, depression, and technology interference among mothers. Psychology of Popular Media Culture. McDANIEL, B.T. & DROUIN, M. (2019). Daily technology interruptions and emotional and relational well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 1-8.
 
Voir aussi Réseau à distance, Ordinateur, Distraction, Message-texte et Téléphone

Technologie : Technologue : Toute discipline qui a pour but de de modifier les propriétés de son objet d'étude au moyen de techniques dont l'efficacité a été éprouvée scientifiquement (du moins en principe...). Une technologie est donc la pratique systématique d'une science. En principe, le technologue ne devrait faire que ce que la science sait. Bien sûr, la science ne sait pas tout. Il y a donc, dans toute technologie, une part d'approximation, de flou. Cette zone grise - la marge de manoeuvre du professionnel - permet au technologue de recourir à son intuition et à son expérience (ou à celles de ses pairs) pour proposer des solutions à des problèmes que la science n'arrive pas à résoudre ou qui font l'objet de peu d'attention des chercheurs. Autrement, le technologue est tenue de recourir aux techniques dont l'efficacité a été verifiées par la science En psychologie, ces techniques systématiques visant à résoudre des problèmes se nomment thérapie. On utilise également le terme technique de modification du comportement. La psychologie clinique est donc une technologie car son but premier est d'aider et de guérir un patient/client/malade, donc de modifier les états psychologiques de cet individu, et non de décrire et d'expliquer ces états comme le fait la science. En principe, science et technologie travaillent en étroite collaboration : la pratique d'une technologie repose donc sur des connaissances acquises par la science (en grande partie mais non exclusivement); en retour, les praticiens des technologies communiquent à la science leurs observations cliniques et leurs interrogations, qui guident la science vers de nouveaux problèmes et contribuent à la découverte de nouvelles connaissances/solutions. EX: La médecine, le génie, la psychologie clinique. Le technologue est donc un professionnel qui utilise les connaissances développées par la science pour résoudre des problèmes concrets. EX: Guérir une dépression, un mal de ventre, construire un pont, analyser la qualité de l'eau, modifier le comportement d'un enfant hyperactif, etc. Science et technologie. = techniques scientifiques, thérapeutes, cliniciens. *science appliquée. Technology, practice.
Psychologie scientifique (= Science)
Psychologie clinique ( = Technologie)
 
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 GINGRAS, Y. (2005). Éloge de l'homo techno-logicus. Montréal : Fides.
PENNYPACKER, H.S. (1986). The challenge of technology transfer : Buying in without seling out. The Behavior Analyst, 9, 147-156. SCHMID, R., BERNARD, R., BOROKHOVSKI, E., TAMIM, R., ABRAMI, P.C., WADE, C.A., SURKES, M.A. & LOWERISON, G. (2009). Technology's effect on achievement in higher éducation : a stage I méta-analysis of classroom applications. Journal of Computers in Higher Education, 21, 95-109.
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Voir aussi Pseudoscience
Technologie (Pseudo-) : Voir Thérapie (pseudo) et Pseudoscience. Pseudotherapy, pseudotechnology.
Technologie de l'information et de la communication : TIC : Expression qui désigne l'ensemble des technologies - principalement l'ordinateur et ses logiciels - qui favorisent l'apprentissage et la transmission des connaissances, à l'école, en entreprise ou à distance. TIC, tutoriel et enseignement assisté par ordinateur. = NTIC, TIC, TICE, IT, multimedia. E-Learning, ICT, educationnal technology, new technology, multimedia learning, computer technology, information technology in school.
TIC
Baladodiffusion Ordinateur Télévision éducative
Blogue PowerPoint Télévoteur
Classe multimedia Site pédagogique Tutoriel
Cliqueur électronique Tableau blanc Vidéo
Logiciel Tablette tactile Wiki
 
 
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CHAPELLE, C. (2001). Computer applications in second language acquisition. Cambridge : CUP. WANG, F., KINZIE, M., McGUIRE, P. & PAN, E. (2010). Applying technology to inquiry-based learning in early childhood education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37 (5), 381-389.
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KARSENTI, T., LEPAGE M. & GERVAIS, C. (2002). @ccompagnement des stagiaires à l'ère des TIC : forum électronique ou groupe de discussion ? Formation et Profession, 8 (2), 7-12. DAVIDSON, A.-L. & DESJARDINS, F. (2011). Vers l'identification d'une relation entre les représentations de la pédagogie et de l'usage des TIC chez des formateurs d'enseignants. Revue Canadienne de l'Éducation, 34 (3), 47-67. [PDF]
MAYER, J.D. & MORENO, R. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38, 43-52. VOLPE, R.J., BURNS, M.K., DUBOIS, M. & ZASLOFSKY, A.F. (2011). Computer-assisted tutoring : Teaching letter sounds to kindergarten students using incremental rehearsal. Psychology in the Schools, 48 (4), 332-342.
WANG, F. & REEVES, T.C. (2003). Why do teachers need to use technology in their classrooms ? Issues, problems, and solutions. Computers in the Schools, 20 (4), 49-65.
KARSENTI, T. (2003). Plus captivantes qu'un tableau noir : L'impact des nouvelles technologies sur la motivation à l'école. Revue de la Fédération Suisse des Psychologues, 6, 24-29. LIVINGTSONE, S. (2012). Critical reflections on the benefits of ICT in education. Oxford Review of Education, 38 (1), 9-24.
BROCK, S. & JOGLEKAR, Y. (2011). Empowering PowerPoint : Slides and teaching effectiveness. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, & Management, 6, 85-93. [PDF] El KHOURY, R. & MATTAR, D. (2012). PowerPoint in accounting classrooms : Constructive or destructive ? International Journal of Business & Social Science, 3 (10), 240-259. [PDF]
BARTSCH, R.A. & COBERN, K.M. (2003). Effectiveness of PowerPoint presentation in lectures. Computers & Education, 41 (1), 77-86. [PDF] POELLHUBER, B., KARSENTI, T., RAYNAUD, J., DUMOUCHEL, G., ROY, N., FOURNIER SAINT-LAURENT, S. et GÉRAUDIE, N. (2012). Les habitudes technologiques au cégep : résultats d'une enquête effectuée auprès de 30,724 étudiants. Montréal : Centre de recherche interuniversitaire sur la formation et la profession enseignante (CRIFPE). [PDF]
MILLER, M.T. & POPE, M.L. (2003). Integrating technology into new student orientation programs at community colleges. Community College Journal of Research & Practice, 27, 15-33. MADDUX, C.D. & JOHNSON, D.L. (2012). External validity and research in information technology in education. Computers in the Schools, 29 (3), 249-252.
POIRIER, C.R. & FELDMAN, R.S. (2004). Teaching in cyberspace : Online versus traditional instruction using a waiting-list experimental design. Teaching of Psychology, 31 (1), 59-61.
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CARROLL, D.W. (2004). Web-based assignments in the psychology of language class. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 204-206. SANA, F., WESTON, T. & CEPEDA, N.J. (2013). Laptop multitasking hinders classroom learning for both users and nearby peers. Computers & Education, 62, 24-31. [PDF]
KALYUGA, S., CHANDLER, P. & SWELLER, J. (2004). When redundant on-screen text in multimedia technical instruction can interfere with learning. Human Factors : The Journal of the Human Factors & Ergonomics Society, 46 (3), 567-584. [PDF] COLLIN, S.S. et KARSENTI, T. (2013). Usages des technologies en éducation : analyse des enjeux socioculturels. Éducation et Francophonie, 41 (1), 192-210. [PDF]
DEBORD, K.A., ARUGUETE, M.S. & MUHLIG, J. (2004). Are computer-assisted teaching methods effective ? Teaching of Psychology, 31 (1), 65-68.
SCHULT, C.A. & McINTSOH, J.L. (2004). Employing computer-administered exams in general psychology : student anxiety and expectations. Teaching of Psychology, 31 (3), 209-211. CABOT, I. & LÉVESQUE, M.C. (2014). Avec les TIC, ça clique! : Stimuler l'intérêt des collégiens par l'intégration des TIC en classe. Pédagogie Collégiale, 28 (1), 18-23. [PDF]
CYPHERT, D. (2004). The problem of Powerpoint : Visual aid or visual rhetoric ? Business Communication Quarterly, 67, 80-84.
KUNKEL, K. (2004). A research note assessing the benefit of PowerPoint software in different lecture courses. Teaching Sociology, 32, 188-196. DILIBERTO-MACALUSO, K. & HUGHES, A. (2016). The use of mobile apps to enhance student learning in introduction to psychology. Teaching of Psychology, 43 (1), 48-52. [PDF]
MARTENS, R.L., GULIKERS, J. & BASTIAENS, T. (2004). The impact of intrinsic motivation on e-learning in authentic computer tasks. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20 (5), 368-376. [PDF] JORGENSEN, M., HAVEL, A., FICHTEN, C., KING, L., MARCIL, E., LUSSIER, A., BUDD, J. & VITOUCHANSKAIA, C. (2017)."Simply the best" : Professors nominated by students for their exemplary technology practices in teaching. Education & Information Technologies, 1-18. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Ordinateur, Enseignement à distance, Logiciel, Cliqueur électronique et Tablette tactile
Technostructure : Technocrate : Chez Galbraith, concept selon lequel les individus qui prennent les décisions au sein des entreprises appartiennent de moins en moins à la classe des détenteurs de capitaux - les propriétaires ou les actionnaires - mais plutôt à une nouvelle catégorie d'acteurs qui se distinguent par ses connaissances technologiques et scientifiques - les gestionnaires (ou technocrates) - qui forment cette technostructure.
 
Tectum : Partie sous-corticale du cerveau, plus précisément du mésencéphale.
 
CARPENTER, M.B. & SUTIN, J. (1983). Human neuroanatomy. Londres : Williams & Wilkins.
TED : Site pédagogique qui offre des conférences internet sur divers thèmes, notamment les sciences et les technologies. Technology, Entertainment and Design.


 
Teddlie Charles (Winnfield 1949-) : Psychologue et spécialiste américain de l'éducation. Il s'intéresse notamment aux méthodes mixtes. Collaborateur de Onwuegbuzie, Slater et Tashakkori.
TEDDLIE, C., KIRBY, P.C. & STRINFIELD, S. (1989). Effective versus ineffective schools : Observable differences in the classroom. American Journal of Education, 97 (3), 221-236
TEDDLIE, C. & TASHAKKORI, A. (2003). Major issues and controversies in the use of mixed methods in the social and behavioral sciences. In A. Tashakkori & C. Teddlie (Eds.), Handbook of mixed methods in social & behavioral research (pp. 3-50). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
TEDDLIE, C. (2005). Methodological issues related to causal studies of leadership : A mixed methods perspec- tive from the USA. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 33 (2), 211-217.
TEDDLIE, C. & TASHAKKORI, A. (2006). A general typology of research designs featuring mixed methods. Research in the Schools, 13 (1), 12-28. [PDF]
TEDDLIE, C. & YU, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling : A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1 (1), 77-100. [PDF]
KERVIN, J. (2000). Tashakkori, Abbas and Charles Teddlie, Mixed Methodology : Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Relations industrielles, 55 (3), 539–540. [PDF]
Tegmentum : Partie sous-corticale du cerveau, plus précisément du mésencéphale. Il s'agit d'un réseau de neurones multisynaptique situé dans le tronc cérébral. Elle contient la substance noire (ou substentia nigra) et le noyau rouge, qui sont contribue à la posture du corps, à son maintien, ainsi qu'aux mouvements volontaires.
 
CARPENTER, M.B. & SUTIN, J. (1983). Human neuroanatomy. Londres : Williams & Wilkins.
Teigen Karl Halvor ( ) : Psychologue norvégien et spécialiste de l'étude de la perception du hasard, de la chance et de la surprise. Collaborateur de Keren.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1995). How good is good luck ? : The role of counterfactual thinking in the perception of lucky and unlucky events. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 281-302.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1996). Luck : The art of a near miss. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 37, 156-171.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1997). Luck, envy, gratitude : It could have been different. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 38, 318-323.
TEIGEN, K.H. (1998). Hazards mean luck : Counterfactual thinking and perceptions of good and bad fortune in reports of dangerous situations and careless behaviour. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 39, 235-248.
TEIGEN, K.H. & KEREN, G. (2003). Surprises : low probabilities or high contrasts ? Cognition, 87, 55-71.
Teilhard de Chardin Pierre (Sarcenat 1881-1955 New York) : Paléontologiste, géologue et philosophe français.
TEILHARD DE CHARDIN, P. (1955). Le phénomène humain. Paris : Éditions du Seuil.
TEILHARD DE CHARDIN, P. (1956). Le groupe zoologique Humain. Paris : Éditions Albin Michel.
TEILHARD DE CHARDIN, P. (1957). Le milieu divin. Paris : Éditions du Seuil.
TEILHARD DE CHARDIN, P. (1959). L'Avenir de l'Homme. Paris : Éditions du Seuil.
TEILHARD DE CHARDIN, P. (1973). Man's place in nature. New York : Harper & Row.
TEIMS : Tendance de l'Enquête International en Mathématiques et en Science) : Vaste enquête menée à l'échelle internationale tout les quatre ans depuis 1995 sur le rendement des élèves de 4e année/2e secondaire en mathématiques et en sciences. Ce programme est une initiative de l'Association internationale pour l'évaluation du rendement scolaire (AIE).
   
Voir aussi TEIMS et PISA
Telch Michael J. ( ) : Psychologue américain et spécialiste de l'étude de l'anxiété.
TELCH, M.J., LUCAS, J.A., SCHMIDT, N.B., HANNA, H.H., LANAE JAIMEZ, T. & LUCAS, R.A. (1993), Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 31 (3), 279-287.
TELCH, M.J., VALENTINER, D. & BOLTE, M. (1994). Proximity to safety and its effects on fear prediction bias. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 32, 747-751.
TELCH, M.J., SCHMIDT, N.B., JAIMEZ, L., JACQUIN, K.M. & HARRINGTON, K.J. (1995). Impact of cognitive-behavioral treatment on quality of life in panic disorder patients. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63 (5), 823-830. [PDF]
TELCH, M.J., JACQUIN, K., SMITS, J.A. & POWERS, M.B. (2003). Emotional responding to hyperventilation as a predictor of agoraphobia status among individuals suffering from panic disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 161-70
TELCH, M.J., BEEVERS, C.G., ROSENFIELD, D., LEE, H.J., REIJNTJES, A., FERRELL, R.E. & HARIRI, A.R. (2015). 5-HTTLPR genotype potentiates the effects of war zone stressors on the emergence of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms in soldiers deployed to iraq. World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (Wpa). 14 (2), 198-206. [PDF]
Télé : Préfixe qui signifie «à distance».
Télé-
Téléologie Téléphone Télévision pour enfants
Téléonomie Télétravail Télévoteur
Télépathie Télévision Téluq
 
Téléologie : /téléonomie Teleology, teleological explanation, teleological thought, teleological thinking.
 
ROSENBLUETH, A., WIENER, N. & BIGELOW, J. (1943). Behavior, purpose and teleology. Philosophy of Science, 10, 18-24. [PDF]  BECHTEL, W. (1986). Teleological functional analysis and the hierarchical organization of nature. In N. Rescher (Ed.), Current issues in teleology (pp. 26-48). Lanham, MD : University Press of America.
 CANFIELD, J. (1964). Teleological explanation in biology. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 14 (56), 285-295. RACHLIN, H. (1992). Teleological behaviorism. American Psychologist, 47, 1371-1382.
WRIGHT, L. (1968). The case against teleological reductionism. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 19, 211-223. REESE. H.W. (1994). Teleology and teleonomy in behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst, 17 (1), 75-91. [PDF]
 AYALA, F.J. (1970). Teleological explanations in evolutionary biology. Philosophy of Science, 37, 1-15. STOUT, R. (1996). Things that happen because they should : A teleological approach to action. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
WRIGHT, L. (1972). Explanation and teleology. Philosophy of Science, 39 (2), 204-218. KELEMEN, D. (1999). The scope of teleological thinking in preschool children. Cognition, 70, 241–272.
 WIMSATT, W.C. (1972). Teleology and the Logical Structure of Function Statements, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 3: 1-80.
WOODFIELD, A. (1976). Teleology. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. KELEMEN, D. (1999). Beliefs about purpose: On the origins of teleological thought. In M. Corballis & S. Lea (Eds.), The descent of mind : Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution (pp. 278–294). Oxford : Oxford University Press.
WRIGHT, L. (1976). Teleological explanation. Berkeley : University of California Press. RACHLIN, H. (1999). Philosophical behaviorism : a review of things that happen because they should : a teleological approach to action, by Rowland Stout. Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 72 (2), 273-277. [PDF]
WRIGHT, L. (1977). Teleology. International Studies in Philosophy, 9, 187-189. CUMMINS, R. (2002). Neo-teleology. In A. Ariew, R. Cummins, and M. Perlman (Eds.), Functions : New essays in the philosophy of psychology and biology (pp. 157-173). Oxford : Oxford University Press. [PDF]
NAGEL, E. (1979). Teleology revisited and other essays in the philosophy and history of science. New York : Columbia University Press. GERGELY, G. & CSIBRA, G. (2003). Teleological reasoning about actions : The one-year-old's naïve theory of rational action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7 (7), 287-292. [PDF]
Voir aussi Téléonomie
Téléonomie : Du grec telos, qui signifie "but" et nomos, qui veut dure "loi". Étude des lois de la finalité. On l'utilise également pour qualifier une comportement manifestement orienté vers un but (une finalité). /Teléologie. Telonomy.
   
ALLPORT, F.H. (1937). Teleonomic description in the study of personality. Character & Personality, 5, 202-214.
MONOD, J. (1970). Le hasard et la nécessité. Paris : Seuil. /Chance and necesity : An essay on the natural philosophy of modern biology. New York : VintageBooks.
THOMPSON, N.S. (1987). The misappropriation of teleonomy. In P.P.G. Bateson & P.H. Klopfe (Eds.), Perspectives in ethology (Vol. 6, pp. 259-273). Plenum Publishing.
REESE. H.W. (1994). Teleology and teleonomy in behavior analysis. The Behavior Analyst, 17 (1), 75-91. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Teléologie
Télépathie : Du grec tele qui signifie "à distance" pathos qui signifie «être touché par, être affecté». Forme de perception extra-sensorielle. Il s'agit en fait d'une croyance, donc d'un pseudophénomène qui consisterait en la capacité de communiquer à distance, par la pensée, sans la parole. Télépathie, perception extra-sensorielle et parapsychologie. Telepathy.
 
ROHEIM, G. (1932). Telepathy in a dream. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 1, 277-291. ULLMAN, M., KRIPPNER, S. & VAUGHAN, A. (1973). Dream telepathy : Experiments in nocturnal ESP. Jefferson, NC : McFarland.
ELLIS, A. (1947). Telepathy and psychoanalysis : a critique of recent findings. Psychiatric Quarterly, 21, 607-659. MEEHL, P.E. (1978). Precognitive telepathy I : On the possibility of distinguishing it experimentally from psychokinesis. Noüs, 12, 235-266.
SOAL, S.G. & BATEMAN, F. (1954). Modern experiments in telepathy. New Haven, CT : Yale University Press. MEEHL, P.E. (1978). Precognitive telepathy II : Some neurophysiological conjectures and metaphysical speculations. Noûs, 12, 371-395.
HANSEL, C.E.M. (1959). Experiments on telepathy. New Scientist, 5, 457-459.
HANSEL, C.E.M. (1960). Experiments on telepathy. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 13, 175-178.
ULLMAN, M. (1969). Telepathy and dreams. Experimental Medicine & Surgery, 27, 19-38. HACKING, I. (1988). Telepathy : Origins of randomization in experimental design. Isis, 79 (S), 427-451.
KRIPPNER, S. & ULLMAN, M. (1970). Telepathy and dreams : Controlled experiment with electroencephalogram-electro-oculogram monitoring. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 151, 394-403.
 
Voir Parapsychologie et Perception extra-sensorielle
Téléphone : Du grec tele qui signifie "à distance" phôné qui signifie «voix, parler, dire». Le téléphone est un appareil de communication. En science, il est à la fois : a) un objet d'étude, surtout en ce qui concerne ses effets négatifs sur l'attention, notamment en classe, au volant d'une voiture (comportement nuisible et distraction) ou lors d'une conversation (décrochage). Dans certains cas, où l'usage nuit à la vie sociale et au travail, on parle même de dépendance. Le téléphone dit "intelligent" est un petit ordinateur doté d'un téléphone. = Téléphone dit "intelligent". Telephone, cell phone, mobile, mobile phone, smart phone, mobile device, wireless mobile device. b) il s'agit également d'un procédé de collecte de données à distance dans le cadre d'une enquête. Telephone survey. c) Le téléphone est aussi utilisé pour conduire des thérapies à distance surtout lorsque qu'il s'agit de problèmes mineurs ou passagers. Téléphone et Travail à distance. Telephone-administered therapy, smartphone applications for the treatment.
   
a
BROWN, I.D., TICKNER, A.H. & SIMMONDS, D.C.V. (1969). Interference between concurrent tasks of driving and telephoning. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53, 419-424. TROTTER, A. (2009). Students turn their cell phone on for classroom lessons. Education Week, 28 (16), 10-11.
WOLFIE, L.M. (1979). Characteristics of persons with and without home telephones. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 421-425. EIFLER, K. (2009). Three things to do with cell phones (Besides confiscate them). The Teaching Professor, 23 (7), 3-3.
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Voir Dépendance, Tricherie, Multitâche, Distraction, Capital social, Réseau, Anxiété de ratage et Conduite automobile
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Voir aussi Enquête par téléléphone et Sondage
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ROHDE, P., LEWINSOHN, P.M. & SEELEY, J.R. (1997). Comparability of telephone and face-to- face interviews in assessing axis I and axis II disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 1593-1598. MOHR, D.C., HO, J., DUFFECY, J., REIFLER, D., SOKOL, L., BURNS, M.N., JIN, L. & SIDDIQUE, J. (2012). Effect of telephone-administered vs face-to-face cognitive behavioral therapy on adherence to therapy and depression outcomes among primary care patients : A randomized trial. Journal of American Medical Association, 307 (21), 2278-2285. [PDF]

JUARASCIO, A.S., MANASSE, S.M., GOLDSTEIN, S.P., FORMAN, E.M. & BUTRYN, M.L. (2015). A review of smartphone applications for the treatment of eating disorders. European Eating Disorders Review, 23, 1-11.[PDF]
 
Voir aussi Entrevue clinique par téléphone, Travail à distance et Thérapie par téléphone

Téléphone "intelligent" : Voir Téléphone. Smart phone, cell phone.
Télétravail : Voir Travail à distance. elework, telecommuting, working at home, virtual work.
Télévision : Média d'information et de divertissement. = TV. Television, small screen, media viewing.
Télévision
Télévision (Général) Télévision + Violence Télévision éducative
Télévision + Jeunes/Ados Télévision (Dépendance) Représentation de la violence
 
 

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Voir aussi Publicité, Écran et Représentation de la violence
Télévision (pour enfants + adolescents) : Média d'éducation et de divertissement qui s'adresse plus particulièrement aux enfants. = TV. Childhood television.
 
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Voir aussi Représentation de la violence, Publicité, Enfant, Écran, Télévision éducative et Télévision
Télévision (Dépendance) : Voir Dépendance (Télévision). Dependence, subtance addiction, substance abusing, behavioral addiction.
Télévision (Violence) : Voir Violence. Television violence.
Télévision éducative : Télévision dont l'objectif est de favoriser l'apprentissage de contenu scolaire et de certaines valeurs (tolérance, partage, coopération, effort, etc). Télévision éducative, enfant et Éducation. Educational media, prosocial television.
 
BALL, S. (1970). The first year of Sesame Street : An evaluation. Final Report. Educational Testing Service. SINGER, D.G., ZUCKERMAN, D.M. & SINGER, J.L. (1980). Helping elementary school children learn about T.V. Journal of Communication, 30, 166-174.
BALL, S. & BOGATZ, G.A. (1970). The First Year of Sesame Street : An Evaluation. Princeton, NJ : Educational Testing Service.
BOGATZ, G.A. & BALL, S. (1971). The second year of Sesame Street : A continuing evaluation : a report to the children's television workshop. Educational Testing Service. WEAVER, J., ZILLMAN, D. & BRYANT, J. (1988). Effects of humorous distortions on children's learning from educational television : Further evidence. Communication Education, 37, 181-187.
BOGATZ G.A. & BALL, S. (1972). The impact of Sesame Street on children's first school experiences. Princeton, NJ : Educational Testing Service. RICE, M.L., HUSTON, A.C., TRUGLIO, R. & WRIGHT, J.C. (1990). Words from Sesame Street : Learning vocabulary while viewing. Developmental Psychology, 26 (3), 421.
MICHAUD, R. et SIRKIS, R. (1973). L'utilisation des Oraliens et des 100 Tours de Centour. Montréal : Ministère de l'Éducation du Québec. ANDERMAN, E.M. & JOHNSTON, J. (1998). TV news in the classroom : What are adolescents learning ? Journal of Adolescent Research, 13, 73-100.
FRIEDRICH, L.K. & STEIN, A.H. (1975). Prosocial television and young children : The effects of verbal labeling and role playing on learning and behavior. Child Development, 46, 27-38. GEIST, E.A. & GIBSON, M. (2000). The effect of network and public television programs on four and five year olds ability to attend to educational tasks. Journal of Instructional Psychology - Learning & Technology, 27 (4), 250-261.
COOK, T.D., APPLETON, H., CONNOR, R. & SCHAFFER, A. (1975). Sesame Street revisited : A case study in evaluation research. New York : Russell Sage. KOOLSTRA, C.M., VAN ZANTEN, J., LUCASSEN, N. & ISHAAK, N. (2004). The formal pace of Sesame Street over 26 years. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 99 (1), 354 -360
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Voir aussi Télévision pour enfants, Media et Éducation
Télévoteur : Manette électronique couplée à un ordinateur qui permet aux individus d'un groupe de répondre individuellement à des questions et de compiler le résultat de leurs réponses. En classe, les enseignants/professeurs se servent de ce petit gadget pour animer leur enseignement, favoriser la participation élèves/étudiants, vérifier leur mémoire à court terme et leur compréhension d'une explication ou d'un segment de matière et connaître leurs opinions. Télévoteur et technologie de l'information et de la communication (TIC). = Cliqueur électronique. *cliqueur. Clicker, voting machine, electronic quizz system, student response systems (SRS), audience response system, electronic-keypad responses, personal response system in the classroom, electronic audience response system.
 
ELLIOT, C. (2003). Using a personal response system in economics teaching. International Review of Economics Education, 1 (1), 80-86. MOLLBORN, S. & HOEKSTRA, A. (2010). A meeting of minds : Using Clickers from critical thinking and discussion in large sociology classes. Teaching Sociology, 38 (1), 18-27.
WOOD, W.B. (2004). Clickers : a teaching gimmick that works. Developmental Cell, 7 (6), 796-798. [PDF] LANTZ, M.E. (2010). The use of "clickers" in the classroom : Teaching innovation or merely an amusing novelty ? Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 556-561.
BEATTY, I. (2004). Transforming student learning with classroom communication systems. Educause Research Bulletin, 3, 1-13. [PDF]
DRAPER, S.W. & BROWN, M.I. (2004). Increasing interac- tivity in lectures using an electronic voting system. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20, 81-94. SPRAGUE, E.W. & DAHL, D.W. (2010). Learning to click : An evaluation of the personal response system clicker technology in introductory marketing courses. Journal of Marketing Education, 32 (1), 93-103.
JOHNSON, D. & McLEOD, S. (2004). Get answers : Using student response systems to see students' thinking. Learning & Leading with Technology, 32 (4), 16-23.
DUNCAN, D. (2005). Clickers in the classroom : How to enhance science teaching using classroom response systems. San Francisco : Pearson Education PATTERSON, B., KILPATRICK, J. & WOEBKENBERG, E. (2010). Evidence for teaching practice : The impact of clickers in a large classroom environment. Nurse Education Today, 30, 603-607.
REAY, N.W., BAO, L., PENGFEI, L., WARNAKULASOORIYA, R. & BOUGH, G. (2005). Toward an effective use of voting machines in physics lectures. American Journal of Physics, 73 (6), 554-558. [PDF] STOWELL, J.R., OLDHAM, T. & BENNETT, D. (2010). Using student response systems ("clickers") to combat conformity and shyness. Teaching of Psychology, 37, 135-140.
FIES, C. & MARSHALL, J. (2005). Electronic response systems in classrooms. American Association of Physics Teachers : Announcer, 34 (4), 111. WOLTER, B., LUNDEBERG, M., KANG, H. & HERRIED, C. (2011). Students' perceptions of using personal response systems "clickers" with cases in science. Journal of College of Science Teaching, 4 (40), 14-19. [PDF]
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EL-RADY, J. (2006). To click or not to click : That's the question. Innovate 2 (4), 1-5.
FIES, C. & MARSHALL, J. (2006). Classroom response systems: A review of the literature. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 15 (1), 101-109. RUSSELL, J.S., MCWILLIAMS, M., CHASEN, L. & FARLEY, J. (2011). Using clickers for clinical reasoning and problem solving. Nurse educator, 36 (1), 13-15.
HOFFMAN, C. & GOODWIN, S. (2006). A clicker for your thoughts : Technology for active learning. New Library World, 107 (9/10), 422-433. WHITE, P., SYNCOX, D. & ALTERS, B. (2011). Clicking for grades ? Really ? Investigating the use of clickers for awarding grade-points in post-secondary education. Interactive Learning Environments, 19, 551-561.
DUNCAN, D. (2006). Clickers in the astronomy classroom. New York : Pearson/Addison-Wesley. ROBINSON, W. & SEVIAN, H. (2011). Clickers promote learning in all kinds of classes - small and large, graduate and undergraduate, lecture and lab. Journal of College of Science Teaching, 4 (40), 14-18.
BEATTY, I.D., GERACE, W.J., LEONARD, W.J. & DUFRESNE, R.J. (2006). Designing effective questions for classroom response system teaching. American Journal of Physics, 74, 31-39. FALLON, M. & FPRREST, S.L. (2011). High-tech versus low-tech instructional strategies : A comparison of clickers and handheld response cards. Teaching of Psychology, 38, 194-198.
DUNCAN, D. (2006). Clickers : A new teaching aid with exceptional promise. Astronomy Education Review, 5 (1), 70-88. [PDF] DALLAIRE, D.H. (2011). Effective use of personal response "clicker" systems in psychology courses. Teaching of Psychology, 38, 199-204.
HERREID, C.F. (2006). "Clicker" cases : Introducing case study teaching in large classrooms. Journal of College Science Teaching, 36 (2), 43-47. ANTHIS, K. (2011). Is it the clicker, or is it the question ? Untangling the effects of student response system use. Teaching of Psychology, 38, 189-193.
LABRIE, J., EARLEYWINE, M., LAMB, T. & SHELESKY, K. (2006). Comparing electronic-keypad responses to paper-and-pencil questionnaires in group assessments of alcohol consumption and related attitudes. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 2334-2338. [PDF] GACHAGO, D., MORRIS, A. & SIMON, E. (2011). Engagement levels in a graphic design clicker class : Students' perceptions around attention, participation and peer Learning. Journal of Information Technology Education, 10, 253-268. [PDF]
BEEKES, W. (2006). The "millionaire" method for encouraging participation. Active Learning in Higher Education 7 (1), 25-36. [PDF] BARTSCH, R.A. & MURPHY, W. (2011). Examining the effects of an electronic classroom response system on student engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 44, 25-33.
PRATHER, E.E., SLATER, T.F., BRISSENDEN, G. & DOKTER, E.F. (2006). To click or not to click is not the question : How research with clickers develops a better understanding of when learning happens in your classroom. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 38, 948. PREIS, M.W., KELLAR, G.M. & CORSBY, E. (2011). Student acceptance of clickers in large introductory business classes. American Journal of Business Education, 4, 1-14.
LOWERY, R.C. (2006). Clickers in the classroom: A comparison of interactive student-response keypad systems. National Social Science Association, 1-22. ANDERSON, L.S., HEALY, A.F., KOLE, J.A. & BOURNE, L.E. (2011). Conserving time in the classroom : The clicker technique. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Experimental Psychology, 64, 1457-1462.
STOWELL, J. & NELSON, J. (2007). Benefits of electronic audience response systems on student participation, learning, and emotion. Teaching of Psychology, 34, 253-258. POWELL, S., STARUB, C., RODRIGUEZ, J. & VAN HORN, B. (2011). Using clickers in large college psychology classes : Academic achievement and perceptions. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning, 11 (4), 1-11. [PDF]
POIRIER, C.R. & FELDMAN, R.S. (2007). Promoting active learning using individual response technology in large introductory psychology classes. Teaching of Psychology, 34, 194-196. BOJINOVA, E.D. & OIGARA, J.N. (2011). Teaching and learning with clickers : Are clickers good for students ? Interdisciplinary Journal of E-Learning & Learning Objects, 7, [PDF]
TREES, A. & JACKSON, M. (2007). The learning environment in clicker classrooms : Student processes of learning and involvement in large university-level courses using student response systems. Learning, Media & Technology 32 (1), 21-40. KEOUGH, S.M. (2012). Clickers in the classroom : A review and a replication. Journal of Management Education, 36, 822-847.
CALDWELL, J.E. (2007). Clickers in the large classroom : Current research and best-practice tips. CBE Life Sciences Education, 6 (1), 9-20. [PDF] SHAPIRO, A.M. & GORDON, L.T. (2012). A controlled study of clicker-assisted memory enhancement in college classrooms. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26, 635-643. [PDF]
BARBER, M. & NJUS, D. (2007). Clicker evolution : seeking intelligent design. CBE Life Sciences Education, 6 (1), 1-8. HOEKSTRA, A. & MOLLBORN, S. (2012). How clicker use facilitates existing pedagogical practices in higher education : Data from interdisciplinary research on student response systems. Learning, Media & Technology, 33, 329-341.
LANGLEY, M.M., CLEARY, A.M. & KOSTIC, B.N. (2007). On the use of wireless response systems in experimental psychology : Implications for the behavioral researcher. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 816-823. LI, P. & LAMBRIGHT, J. (2012). Using clickers in physics lectures with predominant minority students. R.E.A.L. Education, 3 (1), [PDF]
SIMPSON, V. & OLIVER, M. (2007). Electronic voting systems for lectures then and now : A comparison of research and practice. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 23, 187-208.
MARTYN, M. (2007). Clickers in the classroom : An active learning approach. Educause Quarterly, 2, 71-74. ROTH, K.A. (2012). Assessing clicker examples versus board examples in calculus. Primus, 22, 353-364.
RIBBENS, E. (2007). Why I like clicker personal response systems. Journal of College Science Teaching, 37, 60-62.
RUDOLPH, A. (2007). Interactive learning and "clickers". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 38, 949. KANG, H., LUNDEBERG, M., WOLTER, B., DELMAS, R. & HERREID, C.F. (2012). Gender differences in student performance in large lecture classrooms using personal response systems ("clickers") with narrative case studies. Learning, Media & Technology, 37, 53-76.
NELSON, M.L. & HAUCK, R.V. (2008). Clicking to learn : A case study of embedding radio-frequency based clickers in an introductory management information systems course. Journal of Information Systems Education, 19 (1), 55-65. BROUSSARD, B.B. (2012).To click or not to click : Learning to teach to the microwave generation. Nurse Education in Practice, 12 (1), 3-5.
YOURSTONE, S.A., KRAYE, H.S. & ALBAUM, G. (2008), Classroom questioning with immediate electronic response do clickers improve learning. Journal of Innovative Education, 6 (1), 75-88. [PDF] STERNBERGER, C.S. (2012). Interactive learning environment : engaging students using clickers. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33 (2), 121-124.
MORLING, B., MCAULIFFE, M., COHEN, L. & DILORENZO, T. M. (2008). Efficacy of personal response systems ("clickers") in large, introductory psychology classes. Teaching of Psychology, 35, 45-50. BLASCO-ARCAS, L., BUIL, I., HERNANDEZ-ORTEGA, B. & SESE, F.J. (2013). Using clickers in class : The role of interactivity, active collaborative learning and engagement in learning performance. Computers & Education, 62, 102-110.
LASRY, N. (2008). Clickers or flashcards : Is there really a difference ? The Physics Teacher, 46, 242-244. [PDF] RICHARDSON, C.T. & O'SHEA, B.W. (2013). Assessing gender differences in response system questions for an introductory physics course. American Journal of Physics, 81, 231
KING, D. & JOSHI, S. (2008). Gender differences in the use and effectiveness of personal response devices. Journal of Science & Education Technology, 17 (6), 544-552. LANDRUM, R.E. (2013). The ubiquitous clicker : SoTL applications for scientist-educators. Teaching of Psychology, 40, 98-103.
MORGAN, R.B. (2008). Exploring the pedagogical effectiveness of clickers. Insight : A Journal of Scholarly Teaching, 3, 31-36.
DEBOURGH, G.A. (2008). Use of classroom "clickers" to promote acquisition of advanced reasoning skills. Nurse Education in Practice, 8 (2), 76-87.
WIEMAN, C. et al. (2008). Clicker resource guide : An instructors guide to the effective use of personal response systems (clickers) in teaching. Vancouver : University of British Columbia. [PDF]
LINCOLN, D.J. (2008). Teaching with clickers in the large-size principles of marketing class. Marketing Education Review, 18 (1), 39-45. GARVER, M.S. & ROBERTS, B.A. (2013). Flipping and clicking your way to higher-order learning. Marketing Education Review, 23 (1), 17-22.
MACGEORGE, E.L., HOMAN, S.R., DUNNING, J.B., ELMORE, D., BODIE, G.D., EVANS, E. & GEDDES, B. (2008). Student evaluation of audience response technology in large lecture classes. Education Technology Research & Development, 56, 125-145. ANDERSON, L.S., HEALY, A.F., KOLE, J.A. & BOURNE, L.E. (2013). The clicker technique : Cultivating efficient teaching and successful learning. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 222-234.
MORLING, B., MCAULIFFE, M., COHEN, L. & DILORENZO, T.M. (2008). Efficacy of personal response systems ("clickers") in large, introductory psychology classes. Teaching of Psychology, 35, 45-50. [PDF] BRADY, M., SELI, H. & ROSENTHAL, J. (2013). "Clickers" and metacognition : A quasi-experimental comparative study about metacognitive self-regulation and use of electronic feedback devices. Computers & Education, 65, 56-63.
HOEKSTRA, A. (2008). Vibrant student voices : exploring effects of the use of clickers in large college courses. Learning, Media & Technology, 33 (4), 329-341. [PDF] OSWALD, K.M. & RHOTEN, S.E. (2014). Improving classroom clicker practices : Effects of incentives and feedback on retention. North American Journal of Psychology, 16, 79-88.
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CROSSGROVE, K. & CURRAN, K.L (2008). Using clickers in nonmajors-and majors-level biology courses : Student opinion, learning, and long-term retention of course material. CBE Life Sciences Education, 7, 146
WATKINS, E.P. & SABELLA, M.S. (2008). Examining the effectiveness of clickers on promoting learning by tracking the evolution of student responses. American Institute of Physics. 223-226.
CLEARY, A.M. (2008). Using wireless response systems to replicate behavioral research findings in the classroom. Teaching of Psychology, 35, 42-44. FORTNER-WOOD, C., ARMISTEAD, L., MARCHAND, A. & MORRIS, F.B. (2013). The effects of student response systems on student learning and attitudes in undergraduate psychology courses. Teaching of Psychology, 40, 26-30.
BUGEJA, M. (2008). Classroom clickers and the cost of technology. Chronicle of Higher Education, 55 (15), A31.
CAMEY, J.P., GRAY, G.T. & WERTGRAY, S. (2008). Evaluating the impact of student response systems on student performance. Journal for Advancement of Marketing Education, 13, 1-7.
LASRY, N. (2008). Clickers of flashcards : Is the realy a difference. The Physical Teacher, 46, 242-244. [PDF] + [PDF] SUTHERLIN, A.L., SUTHERLIN, G.R. & AKPANUDO, U.M. (2013). The effect of clickers in university science courses. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 22, 651-666
SHAFFER, D.M. & COLLURA, M.J. (2009). Evaluating the effectiveness of a personal response system in the classroom. Teaching of Psychology, 36, 273-277. KELLY, K.F.G. (2013). Student response systems ("Clickers") in the psychology classroom : A beginner's guide. Office of Teaching Resources in Psychology. [PDF]
PRATHER, E.E. & BRISSENDEN, G. (2009). Clickers as data gathering tools and students' attitudes, motivations, and beliefs on their use in this application. Astronomy Education Review, 8 (1), 1-10. [PDF] OSWALD, K.M., BLAKE, A.B. & SANTIAGO, D.T. (2014). Enhancing immediate retention with clickers through individual response identification. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 438-442.
MAYER, R.E., STULL, A., DELEEUW, K., ALMEROTH, K., BIMBER, B., CHUN, D., BULGER, M., CAMPBELL, J., KNIGHT, A. & ZHANG, H. (2009). Clickers in college classrooms : Fostering learning with questioning methods in large lecture classes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 34, 51-57.
PERKINS, K. & TURPEN, C. (2009). Student perspectives on using clickers in upper division physics courses. American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, 225-228.
SHAPIRO, A.M. (2009). An empirical study of personal response technology for improving attendance and learning in a large class. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning, 9, 13-26. HEDGCOCK, W.H. & ROUWENHORST, R.M. (2014). Clicking their way to success : Using student response systems as a tool for feedback. Journal for Advancement of Marketing Education, 22 (2), 16-25. [PDF]
KENWRIGHT, K. (2009). Clickers in the classroom. TechTrends, 53 (1), 74-77.
MAYER, R.E., STULL, A., DELEEUW, K., ALMEROTH, K., BIMBER, B., CHUN, D., BULGER, M., CAMPBELL, J., KNIGHT, A. & ZHANG, H. (2009). Clickers in college classrooms : Fostering learning with questioning methods in large lecture classes. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 34 (1), 51-57.
MULA J.M. & KAVANAGH, M. (2009). Click go the students, click-click-click : The efficacy of a student response system for engaging students to improve feedback and performance. E-Journal of Business Education & Scholarship of Teaching, 3 (1), 1-17.
KORTEMEYER, G. (2009). Gender differences in the use of an online homework system in an introductory physics course. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 5, 1-8. [PDF] LANTZ, M.E. & STAWISKI, A. (2014). Effectiveness of clickers : Effect of feedback and the timing of questions on learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 280-286.
SMITH, M.K., WOOD, W.B., ADAMS, W.K., WIEMAN, C., KNIGHT, J.K., GUILD, N. & SU, T.T. (2009). Why peer discussion improves student performance on in-class concept questions. Science, 323, 122-124. [PDF]
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Voir aussi TIC, Jeu-questionnaire et Question
Tellegen Auke (Batavia 1930-2024 Minnesota) : Psychométricien américain d'origine néérlandaise et spécialiste de l'étude et la mesure de la personnalité, notamment du test du MMPI. Étudiant de Lindzey. Collaborateur de Ben-Porath, Bouchard, Butcher, Lubinski, Lykken, Masten et Watson.
TELLEGEN, A. & ATKINSON, G. (1974). Openness to absorption and self-altering experiences : A trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 268-277.
TELLEGEN, A. & LUBINSKI, D. (1983). Some methodological comments on labels, traits, interaction, and types in the study of "femininity" and "masculinity" : Reply to Spence. al of Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 44 (2), 447-455. [PDF]
TELLEGEN, A. (1985). Structures of mood and personality and their relevance to assessing anxiety, with an emphasis on self-report. In A.H. Tuma & J. Maser (Eds.), Anxiety and the anxiety disorders (pp. 681-706). Hillsdale, N.J. : Erlebaum.
TELLEGEN, A., LYKKEN, D.T., BOUCHARD, T.J., WILCOX, K.J., SEGAL, N.L. & RICH, S. (1988). Personality similarity in twins reared apart and together. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54, 1031-1039.
TELLEGEN, A., BEN-PORATH, Y.S. & SELBOM, M. (2009). Construct validity of the MMPI-2- Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales : Reply to Rouse, Greene, Butcher, Nichols, & Williams. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91 (3), 211-221.
SEGAL, N.L. (2024). In Memoriam : Dr. Auke Tellegen (July 16, 1930 ? March 11, 2024). Twin Research & Human Genetics, 27 (2), 128-130.
Téluq : Voir Université TÉLUQ.
 
TE - TÉMOIN - TEMPÉRAMENT - TEMPS - TERMAN - TERRACE - TERRITOIRE - TERRORISME - TEST - TESTOSTÉRONE - TET - TH
Temas em Psicologia : Revue scientifique. Éditeur : Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia.
RACHLIN, H. (2010). Pain and behavior after 25 years. Temas em Psicologia, 18 (2), 425-427. [PDF]
 
Témoin/Témoignage : Personne présente au moment de la commission d'un crime, d'un accident ou d' un simple incident, et à qui l'on demande de rapporter avec exactitude ce qu'il a vu ou entendu ou dont la simple présence influence les autres. = témoin oculaire. *passant. Eyewitness, witness, testimony.
 
BESTERMAN, T. (1932). The psychology of testimony in relation to paraphysical phenomena : Report of an experiment. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 40, 363-387. KASSIN, S.M., TUBB, V.A., HOSCH, H.M. & MEMON, A. (2001). On the "general acceptance" of eyewitness testimony research : A new survey of the experts. American Psychologist, 56 (5), 405-416. [PDF]
BEHRMAN, B.W. & DAVEY, S.L. (2001). Eyewitness identification in actual criminal cases : An archival analysis. Law & Human Behavior, 25, 475-491.
ROSENTHAL, A.M. (1964). Thirty-eight witnesses. New York : McGraw-Hill. WELLS, G.L. & OLSON, E.A. (2003). Eyewitness testimony. The Annual Review of Psycychology, 54, 277-295.
LOFTUS, E.F. (1975). Leading questions and the eyewitness report. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 560-572. [PDF] FAHSING, I.A., ASK, K. & GRANHAG, P.A. (2004). The man behind the mask : Accuracy and predictors of eyewitness offender descriptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 722-729.

FORGAS, J.R. VARGAS, P. & LAHAM, S. (2005). Mood effects on eyewitness memory : Affective influences on susceptibility to misinformation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 574–588.
WELLS, G.L. (1978). Applied eyewitness testimony research : System variables and estimator variables. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36, 1546-1557. KORIAT, A., GOLDSMITH, M., SCHNEIDER, W. & NAKASH-DURA, M. (2005). The credibility of children's testimony : Can children control the accuracy of their memory reports ? Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 79 (4), 405-437.
DALE, P.S., LOFTUS, E.F. & RATHBUN, L. (1978). The influence of the form of the question on the eyewitness testimony of preschool children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 7, 269-277. ALLWOOD, C.M., ASK, K. & GRANHAG, P.A. (2005). The cognitive interview : Effects on the realism in witnesses' confidence in their free recall. Psychology, Crime & Law, 11, 183-198.
WARNICK, D.H. & SANDERS, G.S. (1980). The effects of discussion on eyewitness accuracy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 10, 249-259. PETERSON, C. (2007). Reliability of child witnesses : A decade of research. Canadian Journal of Police & Security Services, 5 (3/4), 142-151. [PDF]
GOODMAN, G.S. & REED, R.S. (1986). Age differences in eyewitness testimony. Law & Human Behavior 10 (4), 317-332. ASK, K. & GRANHAG, P.A. (2007). Motivational bias in criminal investigators' judgments of witness reliability. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 561-591.
WELLS, G.L. & TURTLE, J.W. (1987). Eyewitness testimony : Current knowledge and emergent controversies. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 19, 363-388. WILCOCK, R., BULL, R. & VRIJ, A. (2007). Are old witnesses always poorer witnesses ? Psychology : Crime & Law, 13, 305-316.
GOODMAN, G.S., BOTTOMS, B.M., SCHWARTZ-KENNEY & RUDY, L. (1987). Children's testimony about a stressful event : Improving children's reports. Journal of Narrative & Life History 1 (1), 69-99. HOLMES, A.E. & WEAVER, C.A. (2010). Eyewitness memory and misinformation : are remember/know judgments more reliable than subjective confidence ? Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 6 (1), 47-61. [PDF]
KASSIN, S.M., ELLSWORTH, P. & SMITH, V. (1989). The "general acceptance" of psychological research on eyewitness testimony : A survey of the experts. American Psychologist, 44 (8), 1089-1098. WEBER, N. & PERFECT, T.J. (2012). Improving eyewitness identification accuracy by sreening out those who say they don't know. Law & Human Behavior, 36 (1) 28-36.
GOODMAN, G.S. & Clarke-Stewart, A. ( 1991). Suggestibility in children's testimony : Implications for child sexual abuse investigations. In J. Doris (Ed.), The suggestibility of children's recollections : Implications for eyewitness testimony, (pp. 92-105). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association. STOLZENBERG, S. & PEZDEK, K. (2012). Interviewing child witnesses : The effect of forced confabulation on event memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 114 (1), 77-88.
WELLS, G.L. (1993). What do we know about eyewitness identification? American Psychologist, 48, 553-571 PERFECT, T.J. & WEBER, N. (2012). How should witnesses regulate the accuracy of their identification decisions : one step forward, two steps back ? Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 38 (6), 1810-1818.
CECI, S.J. & BRUCK, M. (1993). Suggestibility of the child witness : A historical review and synthesis. Psychological Bulletin, 113, 403-439. [PDF] GRONLUND, S.D., WIXTED, J.T. & MICKES, L. (2014). Evaluating eyewitness identification procedures using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23 (1), 3-10. [PDF]
PIPE, M.-E. (1993). Children's testimony. In E R.H. Webb, J.G. Adams, W.R. Atkin, L.L. Caldwell & R.M. Henaghan (Eds.), Family law guide (pp. 522-533). Wellington, New Zealand : Butterworths. WIXTED, J.T. & WELLS, G.L. (2017). The relationship between eyewitness confidence and identification accuracy : A new synthesis. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18, 10-65.
WELLS, G.L. & SEELAU, E.P. (1995). Eyewitness identification : Psychological research and legal policy on lineups. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 1, 765-791. WELLS, G.L., KOVERA, M.B., DOUGLASS, A.B., BREWER, N., MEISSNER, C.A. & WIXTED, J.T. (2020). Policy and procedure recommendations for the collection and preservation of eyewitness identification evidence. Law & Human Behavior, 44, 3-36
LOFTUS, E. (1996). Eyewitness testimony. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. WELLS, G.L. (2020). Psychological science on eyewitness identification and its impact on police practices and policies. American Psychologist, 75, 1316-1329.
LOFTUS, E.F. & KETCHAM, K. (1996). Witness for the defense : The accused, the eyewitness and the expert who puts memory on trial. St. Martin's Press. SMALARZ L., YANG, Y. & WELLS, G.L. (2021). Eyewitnesses' free-report verbal confidence statements are diagnostic of accuracy. Law & Human Behavior, 45 (2), 138-151.
 
Voir aussi Fabuler, Mythomanie, Police, Tribunal et Mensonge
Tempérament : Ensemble des réactions ou comportements innées relativement stables qui modulent l'expression du niveau d'activité, le style d'approche et de réaction à un stimulus ou à une situation donnée. Temperament.
 
SHELDON, H. (1942). The varieties of temperament. Harper. PRIOR, M. (1992). Childhood temperament. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 33, 249-279.
JAMES, W.T. (1951). Social organization among dogs of different temperaments, terriers and beagles, reared together. Journal of Comparative & Physiological Psychology, 44 (1), 71-77. BRAUNGART, J.M., PLOMIN, R., DEFRIES, J.C. & FULKER, D.W. (1992). Genetic influence on tester-rated infant temperament as assessed by Bayley's Infant Behavior Record : Nonadoptive and adoptive siblings and twins. Developmental Psychology, 28, 40-47.
DIAMOND, S. (1957). Personality and temperament. New York : Harper. AHADI, S.A., ROTHBART, M.K. & YE, R. (1993). Children's Temperament in the U.S. and China : Similarities and differences. European Journal of Personality, 7, 359-378. [PDF]
LINDZEY, G., LYKKEN, D.T. & WINSTON, H. (1960). Infantile trauma, genetic factors, and adult temperament. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 61, 7-14. ROTHBART, M.K., AHADI, S.A. & HERSHEY, K.L. (1994). Temperament and social behaviour in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40 (1), 21-39. [PDF]
BIRNS, B., BARTERN, S. & BRIDGER, W. (1969). Individual differences in temperamental charactenstics of infants Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, 31, 1071-1082 CLARK, L.A., WATSON, D. & MINEKA, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 103-116.
CAREY, W.B. (1970). A simplified method for measuring infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 77, 188-194. MARTIN, R.P. (1994). Child temperament and common problems in schooling : Hypotheses about causal connections. Journal of School Psychology, 32, 119-134.
BUSS, A.H. & PLOMIN, R.A. (1975). A temperament theory of personality. New York : Wiley. ROTHBART, M.K., AHADI, S.A. & HERSHEY K.L. (1994). Temperament and social behaviour in childhood. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 40 (1), 21-39. [PDF]
ROWE, D.C. & PLOMIN, R. (1977). Temperament in early childhood. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41, 150-156. PICHOT, P. (1995). Histoire du concept de temprament. Revue Internationales de Psychopathologie, 17, 5-23.
THOMAS, A. & CHESS, S. (1977). Temperament and development. New York : Brunner/Mazel. ARCUS, D. & KAGAN, J. (1995). Temperament and craniofacial variation in the first two years. Child Development, 66, 1529-1540.
TORGENSEN, A.E. & KNNGLEN, E. (1978). Genetic aspects of temperament differences in infants Joumal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 17, 443-449 CHESS, S. & THOMAS, A. (1996). Temperament : Theory and practice. Brunner/Mazel.
RONALD S. & KING, M. (1978). Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. Oxford U Press. MEHRABIAN, A. & BLUM, J.S. (1996). Temperament and personality as functions of age. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 42, 251-269.
CAREY, W.B. & McDEVITT, S.C. (1978). Revision of the infant temperament questionnaire. Pediatrics, 61, 735-739. TLEFLEY, H.P. (1998). Temperament : Theory and practice.The American Journal of Psychiatry, 155 (1), 144.
CAMPBELL, S.B. (1979). Patterns of mother-infant interaction and maternal ratings of temperament. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 10, 67-76. ROTHBART, M.K. & JONES, L.B. (1998). Temperament, self-regulation, and education. School Psychology Review, 27 (4), 479-491. [PDF]
BATES, J. (1980). The concept of difficult temperament. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 26, 299-319. TARABULSY, G.M. (Dir.) (1998). Le tempérament de l'enfant : Cinq études. Sainte-Foy : Québec, Presses de l'Université du Québec.
VAUGHN B., DEINARD, A. & EGELAND, B. (1980). Measuring temperament in pediatric practice. Journal of Pediatrics, 96, 510-514. MEHRABIAN, A. (1998-1999). Relations of home preference with temperament and with prevailing emotional conditions in everyday life. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 18, 43-58.
MEHRABIAN, A. & O'REILLY, E. (1980). Analysis of personality measures in terms of basic dimensions of temperament. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 38, 492-503.
VAUGHN, B.E., TARALDSON, B.J., CRICHTON, L. & EGELAND, B. (1981). The assessment of infant temperamentx: A critique of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behavior & Development, 4, 1-17. BLUM, J.S. & MEHRABIAN, A. (1999). Personality and temperament correlates of marital satisfaction. Journal of Personality, 67, 93-125.
ROTHBART, M.K. (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569-578. [PDF] KAGAN, J. (1999). La part de l'inné; temperament et nature humaine. Paris : Bayard.
ROTHBART, M.K. (1982). The concept of difficult temperament : A critical analysis of Thomas, Chess & Korn. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 28, 35-40. [PDF] YEN, S. & ISPA, J. (2000). Children's temperament and behavior in Montessori and constructivist early childhood programs. Early Education and Development, 11, 171-186.
WILSON, R.S. & MATHENY, A.P. (1983). Assessment of temperament in infant twins. Developmental Psychology, 19, 172-183. WILLS, T., SANDY, J., YAEGER, A. & SHINER, O. (2001). Family risk factors and adolescent substance use : Moderation effects for temperament dimensions. Developmental Psychology, 37 (3), 283-297. [PDF]
BUSS, A.H. & PLOMIN, R. (1984). Temperament : Early developing personality traits. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. ROTHBART, M.K. & HWANG, J. (2002). Measuring infant temperament. Infant Behavior & Development, 25 (1), 113-116. [PDF]
ROTHBART, M.K. & GOLDSMITH, H.H. (1985). Three approaches to the study of infant temperament. Developmental Review, 5, 237-260. KEOGH, B.K. (2003). Temperament in the classroom. Baltimore : Brookes Publishing.
SROUFE, L. (1985). Attachment classification from the perspective of infant-caregiver relationships and infant temperament. Child Development, 56, 1-14. KAGAN, J. (2004). The long shadow of temperament. Harvard : Harvard University Press.
SANSON, A., PRIOR, M. & OBERKLAID, F. (1985). Normative data on temperament in Australian infants. Australian Journal of Psychology, 37 (2), 185-195.
MEHRABIAN, A. & WEINSTEIN, L. (1985). Temperament characteristics of suicide attempters. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 53, 544-546. JONES, A.C. & GOSLING, S.D. (2005). Temperament and personality in dogs (Canis familiaris) : A review and evaluation of past research. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95, 1-53. [PDF]
ROTHBART, M.K. (1986). Longitudinal observation of infant temperament. Developmental Psychology, 22, 356-365. CALKINS, S.D. (2005). Temperament and its impact on child development : Comments on Rothbart, Kagan, and Eisenberg. In R.E. Tremblay, R.G. Barr & R DeV, Peters (Eds.), Encyclopedia on early childhood development (pp. 1-6). Montreal, Quebec : Centre of Excellence for Early Childhood Development. [LIRE]
KSIONSKY, S. & MEHRABIAN, A. (1986). Temperament characteristics of successful police dispatchers: Work settings requiring continuous rapid judgments and responses to complex information. Journal of Police Science & Administration, 14, 45-48.
MEHRABIAN, A. & BEKKEN,M.L. (1986). Temperament characteristics of individuals who participate in strenuous sports. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 57, 160-166. TARABULSY, G.M. & PROVOST, M.A. (2006). Predicting preschool cognitive development from infant temperament, maternal sensitivity, and psychosocial risk. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 52, 779-806.
MEHRABIAN, A. & VENTER, C. (1986). Temperament correlates of clutch playing and overall success among top-ranked college tennis players. International Journal of Small Group Research, 2, 100-106. SAUCIER, G. et GOLDBERG, L.R. (2006). Personnalité, caractère et tempérament : La structure translinguistique des traits. Psychologie Française, 51, 265-284. [PDF]
STRELAU, J. (1987). Temperament : A psychological perspective. New York : Plenum Press. TSAI, J.L., LEVENSON, R.W. & McCOY, K. (2006). Cultural and temperamental variation in emotional response. Emotion, 6, 484-497. [PDF]
BRADSHAW, K.D.L., GOLDSMITH, H.H. & CAMPOS, J.J. (1987). Attachment, temperament, and social referencing : Interrelationships among three domains of infant affective behavior. Infant Behavior & Development, 10, 223-231. ELSE-QUEST, N.M., HYDE, J.S., GOLDSMITH, H.H. & VAN HULLE, A. (2006). Gender differences in temperament : A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132 (1), 33-72. [PDF]
BATES, J.E. (1987). Temperament in infancy. In J.D. Osofsky (Ed.), Handbook of infant development (pp. 1101-1149). New York : Wiley. WACHS, T.D. (2006). The nature, etiology and consequences of individual differences in temperament. In T. LeMonda & L. Balter (Eds.), Child psychology : A handbook of contemporary issues (pp. 27-52). New York : Garland.
BARCLAY, L.K. (1987). Skill development and temperament in kindergarten children: A cross-cultural study. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 65, 963-972. ROTHBART, M.K. & BATES, J.E. (2006). Temperament. In N. Eisenberg & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology : Social, emotional, and personality development (Vol. 3, pp.99-166). New York : Wiley.
STRELAU, J. (1987). Emotion as a key concept in temperament research. Journal of Research in Personality, 21, 510-528. DEGNAN, K.A. & FOX, N.A. (2007). Behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders : Multiple levels of a resilience process. Development & Psychopathology, 19 (3), 729-746.
GOLDSMITH, H.H., BUSS, A.H., PLOMIN, R., ROTHBART, M.K., THOMAS, A. & CHESS, S. (1987). What is temperament ? : Four approaches. Child Development, 58, 505-529. RHEE, S.H., COSGROVE, V.E., SCHMITZ, S., HABERSTICK, B.C., CORLEY, R.C. & HEWITT, J.K. (2007). Early childhood temperament and the covariation between internalizing and externalizing behavior in school-aged children. Twin Research & Human Genetics, 10 (1), 33-44.
SANSON, A., PRIOR, M. GARINO, E., OBERKLAID, F.M. & SEWELL, J. (1987). The structure of infant temperament : Factor analysis of the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behavior & Development, 10 (1), 97-104. PETERSON, C. (2007). Reliability of child witnesses : A decade of research. Canadian Journal of Police & Security Servives, 5 (3/4), 142-151. [PDF]
KAGAN, J. (1988). Tempermental contributions to social behavior. American Psychology, 44, 668–674. [PDF] HENDERSON, H.A. & WACHS, T.D. (2007). Temperament theory and the study of cognition-emotion interactions across development. Developmental Review, 27, 396-427. [PDF]
ROTHBART, M.K. (1988). Temperament and the development of inhibited approach. Child Development, 59, 1241-1250. KAGAN, J. (2008). The biological contributions to temperaments and emotions. European Journal of Developmental Science, 2, 38-51. [PDF]
WHIFFEN, V.E. & GOTLIEB, I.H. (1989). Infants of postpartum depressed mothers : Temperament and cognitive status. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 98 (3), 274-279. ZENTNER, M. & BATES, J.E. (2008). Child temperament : An integrative review of concepts, research programs, and measures. European Journal of Developmental Science, 2 (1/2), 7-37. [PDF]
BALLANTINE, J.H. & KLEIN, H.A. (1990). The relationship of temperament and adjustment in Japanese schools. Journal of Psychology, 124, 299-309. VAUGHN, B.E., BOST, K.K. & VAN IJZENDOORN, M.H. (2008). Attachment and temperament : Additive and interactive influences on behavior, affect, and cognition during infancy and childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment (pp. 192-216). New York : Guilford Press.
PERUGI, G., MUSETTI, L., SIMONINI, E., PIAGENTINI, F., CASSANO, G.B. & AKISKAL, H.S. (1990). Gender-mediated clinical features of depressive illness the importance of temperamental differences. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 157 (6), 835-841. ASL AMINABABI, A., PURALIBABAB, F., ERFANPARAST, L., NAJAFPOUR, E. & JAMALI, Z. (2011). Impact of temperament on child behavior in the dental setting. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, 5 (4), 119-122. [PDF]
EYSENCK, H.J. (1991). Dimensions of personality : the biosocial approach to personality. In J. Strelau & A. Angleitner (Eds.), Explorations in temperament : international perspectives on theory and measurement (pp. 87-103). London : Plenum. VAUGHN, B.E. & SHIN, N. (2011). Attachment, temperament, and adaptation : One long argument In D. Cicchetti & G.I. Roisman (Eds.), The origins and organization of adaptation and maladaptation : Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 36, pp. 55-107). New York : Wiley.
STRELAU, J. & AGLEITNER, A. (1991). Explorations in temperament : International perspectives on theory and measurement. London : Plenum. ROTHBART, M.K. (2011). Becoming who we are : Temperament and personality in development. Guilford Press.

FOX, N.A. & PINE, D.S. (2012). Temperament and the emergence of anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51 (2), 125–128.
GRAY, J.A. (1991). The neuropsychology of temperament. In J. Strelau & A. Angleitner (Eds.), Explorations in temperament : international perspectives on theory and measurement (pp. 105-128). London : Plenum. SHINER, R.L. (2015). The development of temperament and personality traits in childhood and adolescence. In M. Mikulincer, P.R. Shaver, M.L. Cooper & R.J. Larsen (Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology : Personality processes and individual differences (Vol. 4, pp. 85-105). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
 
Voir aussi Mesure et évaluation du tempérament
Tempérament (Mesures/Évaluations) : Ensemble des critères de diagnostic, des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer le tempérament. Measuring temperament.
 
CAREY, W.B. (1970). A simplified method for measuring infant temperament. Journal of Pediatrics, 77, 188-194.
MEHRABIAN, A. (1978). Measures of individual differences in temperament. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 38, 1105-1117.
CAREY, W.B. & McDEVITT, S.C. (1978). Revision of the Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Pediatrics, 61, 735-739.
VAUGHN B., DEINARD, A. & EGELAND, B. (1980). Measuring temperament in pediatric practice. Journal of Pediatrics, 96, 510-514. SANSON, A., PRIOR, M. GARINO, E., OBERKLAID, F.M. & SEWELL, J. (1987). The structure of infant temperament : Factor analysis of the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behavior & Development, 10 (1), 97-104.
VAUGHN, B.E., TARALDSON, B.J., CRICHTON, L. & EGELAND, B. (1981). The assessment of infant temperament : A critique of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behavior & Development, 4, 1-17. BRAUNGART, J.M., PLOMIN, R., DEFRIES, J.C. & FULKER, D.W. (1992). Genetic influence on tester-rated infant temperament as assessed by Bayley's Infant Behavior Record : Nonadoptive and adoptive siblings and twins. Developmental Psychology, 28, 40-47.
ROTHBART, M.K. (1981). Measurement of temperament in infancy. Child Development, 52, 569-578. [PDF]
VAUGHN, B.E., TARALDSON, B.J., CRICHTON, L. & EGELAND, B. (1981). The assessment of infant temperament: A critique of the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Infant Behavior & Development, 4, 1-17. BOER, F. & WESTENBERG, P.M. (1994). The factor structure of the Buss and Plomin EAS Temperament Survey (parental ratings) in a Dutch sample of elementary school children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 62, 537-551.
WILSON, R.S. & MATHENY, A.P. (1983). Assessment of temperament in infant twins. Developmental Psychology, 19, 172-183. ROTHBART, M.K. & HWANG, J. (2002). Measuring infant temperament. Infant Behavior & Development, 25 (1), 113-116. [PDF]
Température (du milieu) : Voir Effet de la température. Weather effect.
Température (du corps) : Voir Température d'un organisme. = température interne.
Tempête hormonale : Métaphore utilisée pour désigner l'importante et brusque libération d'hormones à l'adolescence. Tempête hormonale, hormone et adolescence. Raging hormone.
 
BUCHANAN, C.M., ECCLES, J.S. & BECKER, J.B. (1992). Are adolescents the victims of raging hormones ? Evidence for activational effects of hormones on moods and behavior at adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 62-107. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Hormone et Adolescence
Tempo cognitif : Rythme avec lequel une information est traité par le cerveau virtuel. Tempo cognitif, temps de réaction et vitesse de traitement. Cognitive tempo.
 
IRWIN, R.A. & GROSS, A.M. (1995). Cognitive tempo, violent video games, and aggressive behavior in young boys. Journal of Family Violence, 10, 337-350.
 
Voir aussi Cognition
Temporairement vraie : Expression qui souligne le caractère temporel d'une hypothèse corroborée par les faits disponibles (plutôt que possibles). EX. L'affirmation Tous les éléphants sont gris est une affirmation temporairement vraie car elles correpond aux faits actuels, mais non-définitive puisqu'on ne peut exclure la possibilité que l'on trouve un jour sur la planète Etyllik-0.8 un éléphant rose. Pour que l'hypothèse soit vrai à jamais, il faudrait passer en revue toutes les époques et tous les lieux où il est possible d'observer des éléphants. Cela étant impossible, il se pourrait que l'on découvre, un jour, une nouvelle planète (Etyllik-24 ou Sirhose-12) où s'ébattent en toute tranquilité des millions d'éléphants roses et ronds. /définitivement fausse.
   
Voir aussi Définitivement fausse et Hypothèse corroborée
POPPER, K.R. (1984). La logique de la découverte scientifique. Paris : Payot.  
Temporal : Voir Lobe temporal. Temp0ral lobe.
Temps :
Formes de temps
Manque de temps Temps de réaction Temps machine
Temps réel Temps de rétention Temps neural
Temps humain ou objectif Temps historique Temps partagé
Temps subjectif Temps libre Perception du temps.
Vrai en tout monde, en tout temps
 
Temps (En tout... en tout temps) : Voir Vrai en tout monde (lieu), en tout temps.
Temps (humain) : Temps réel ou objectif décomposé subjectivement en portion équivalente et périodique (ou durée) par un dispositif, une machine (sablier, montre, horloge nucléaire ou solaire, etc). Temps et espace. = temps objectif.
PIAGET, J. (1946). Le développement de la notion de temps chez l'enfant. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. ALBERT, D. (2000). Time and chance. Harvard University Press.
SHAFFER, H. & HARDWICK, J. (1969). Monitoring simultaneous auditory messages. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 401-404. BROWN, J.W. (2004). A microgenetic approach to time and memory in neuropsychology. Acta Neuropsychologica, 2 (1), 1-12.
FREDERICK, W. & WALBERGH, J. (1980). Learning as a function of time. Journal of Educational Research, 73, 183-194. UTTAL W.R. (2008). Time, space, and number in physics and psychology. Cornwell- on-Hudson, NY : Sloan.
GIBBON, J. & CHURCH, R.M. (1981). Time left : Linear versus logarithmic subjective time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 7, 87-108.

MECK, W.H., CHURCH, R.M. & OLTON, D. (1984). Hippocampus, time, and memory. Behavioral Neuroscience, 98, 3-22.

CHURCH, R.M. & BROADBENT, H. A. (1990). Alternative representations of time, number, and rate. Cognition, 37, 55-81.

ELMAN, J.L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211. FIELD D. P. & HINELINE, P.N. (2008). Dispositioning and the obscured roles of time in psychological explanation. Behavior & Philosophy, 36, 5-69. [PDF]
GIBBON, J. & CHURCH, R.M. (1990). Representation of time. Cognition, 37, 23-54. TOOLEY, M. (2010). Time, truth, actuality, and causation : On the impossibility of divine foreknowledge. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 1, 143-163.
BROWN, J.W. (1996). Time, will and mental process. New York: Plenum. ROSA, H (2010). Accélération : une critique sociale du temps. Paris : La Découverte.
CRYSTAL, J.D., CHURCH, R.M. & BROADBENT, H.A. (1997). Systematic nonlinearities in the memory representation of time. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 23, 267-282.
NÙNEZ, R., COOPERIDDER, K., DOAN, D. & WASSMAN, J. (2012). Contours of time : Topographic construals of past, present, and future in the Yupno Valley of Papua New Guinea. Cognition, 124 (1), 25-35.
DONAHOE, J.W. & BURGOS, J.E. (1999). Timing without a timer. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 71 (2), 257-263. [PDF] NÙNEZ, R. & COOPERIDDER, K. (2013). The tangle of space and time in human cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17 (5), 220-229. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Perception du temps, Âge, Perception du temps, Âge, Chrono, Horloge interne et Temps

Temps (Manque) : Incapacité de penser ou d'agir faute de temps. Time scarcity.
 
KELLY, J.R. & KARAU, S.J. (1992). The effects of time scarcity and time abundance on group performance quality and interaction process. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28, 542-571.
ROSA, H (2010). Accélération : une critique sociale du temps. Paris : La Découverte.
 
Voir aussi Temps
Temps (réel) : Mouvement ou changement d'état de la matière vivante ou non. Le temps est donc la différence entre deux états (T1et T2). Ainsi défini, il ne peut y avoir de temps sans mouvement (ou énergie) ou sans transformation de l'état initial (T1-----»T2 -----»Tx)., d'où l'expression «Le temps passe». Dans cette conception du temps, la matière et l'énergie précèdent donc le temps. = temps naturel. Time, real time.
 
GRÜNBAUM, A. (1962). The nature of time. In R.G. Colodny (Ed.), Frontiers of science and philosophy (Vol. I., pp. 147-188). Pittsburgh, PA : University of Pittsburgh Press.
HAWKING, S.H. (1988). A brief history of time : From the big bang to black holes. Toronto : Bantam Books.
GLASS, L. & MACKEY, M. (1988). From clocks to chaos. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
UTTAL W.R. (2008). Time, space, and number in physics and psychology. Cornwell-on-Hudson, NY : Sloan.
TOOLEY, M. (2010). Time, truth, actuality, and causation : On the impossibility of divine foreknowledge. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 1, 143-163.
NORTON, J. (2010). Time really passes. Humana Mente : Journal of Philosophical Studies, 13, 23-34. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Temps
Temps (subjectif) : Voir Perception du temps.
Temps (Flèche) : Arrow of time
 
OVERTON, W.F. (1994). The arrow of time and cycles of time : Concepts of change, cognition, and embodiment. Psychological Inquiry, 5 (3), 215-237
 
Voir aussi Temps
Temps de réaction : Temps de réponse : Laps de temps qui s'écoule entre le début de la présentation d'un stimulus et le début de la réponse de l'organisme. Ce concepts, initialement développé en physiologie, a été appliqué en psychologie par Donders et Galton. En psychologie cognitive, le temps de réaction permet d'inférer la vitesse de traitement d'une information (temps machine), notamment lors des tâches de rappel et de résolution de problème. Temps de réaction, intelligence et balayage. = temps de réponse. Processing time, reaction time, speed, speed-of-processing, speed of information processing, response time.
 
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VIKREY, C. & NEURINGER, A. (2000). Pigeon reaction time, Hick's law and intelligence. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 7 (2), 284-291.
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Voir aussi Temps, Latence intelligence et Vitesse de traitement
 
Temps de réaction (Mesures/Évaluations) : Ensemble des tests et des outils de collecte de données qui permettent d'évaluer et de mesurer le temps de réaction.
   
GALTON, F. (1889). An instrument for measuring reaction time. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 59, 784-785.
GALTON, F. (1890). Exhibition of instruments (1) for testing the perception of differences of tint, and (2) for determining reaction-time. Journal of Anthropology Institute 19, 27-29
BRICKER, P.D. (1955). Information measurement and reaction time : a review In H. Quastler (Ed.), Information theory in psychology. Glencoe : Free Press. KUTCHER, J.S., J.T., KUTCHER, J.S. & RICHARDSON, J.K. (2011). Between-seasons test-retest reliability of clinically measured reaction time in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 46, 409-414.
JASKOWSKI, P. (1983). Distribution of the human reaction time measurements. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 43, 221-225. [PDF] NICOLAS, S. & PINS, D. (2014). La loi de Piéron et les premiers instruments de mesure des temps de réaction. Bulletin de Psychologie, 67 (5), 385-407.
MONTARE, A. (2010). The simplest chronoscope II : reaction time measured by meterstick versus machine. Perception & Motor Skills, 111, 819-828.  
NEATH, I., EARLE, A., HALLETT, D. & SURPRENANT, A.M. (2011). Response time accuracy in Apple Macintosh computers. Behavior Research Methods, 43, 353-362.  
 
Voir aussi Temps de réaction et Vitesse de traitement
Temps de rétention : Propriété d'une mémoire. Laps de temps qui s'écoule entre le stockage d'une information donnée et son oubli. = durée.
   
Voir aussi Temps et Durée de la mémoire
Temps historique : Découpage scientifique, donc non-arbitraire, du temps objectif en époques et périodes marquantes du développement des sociétés et des civilisations.
 
HEIDEGGER, M. (1916/78). The concept of time in the science of history. Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 9 (1), 3-10. [PDF]
LELLO, J. (1980). The concept of time, the teaching of history, and school organization. The History Teacher, 13 (3), 341-350.
 
Voir aussi Civilisation, Temps et Histoire
Temps libre : Période de temps que l'on consacre à des activités de son choix, que l'on peut aménager à sa guise. Free time.
 
OSBORNE, J.G. (1969). Free time as a reinforcer in the management of classroom behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2 (2), 113-118. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Renforcement etTemps
Temps long/court : Expression utilisée en science pour insister sur le fait qu'il vaut parfois mieux considérer un phénomène sur une longue période de temps (perpective développementale) pour mieux le comprendre, surtout lorsque ce phénomène subit de fortes variations (phase, stade, étapes, crise).etc).
   
Voir aussi Développement et Temps
Temps machine : Durée de traitement de l'information d'une ou de plusieurs tâches double ou quasi-simultanées (temps partagé) réalisé par un ordinateur ou un humain. Le temps machine peut être partagé entre deux ou plusieurs tâches. EX: Vous calculez le montant de vos achats (tâche no 1), vous vous demandez où est votre foutu portefeuille (tâche no 2), tout en essayant de vous rappeler le nombre de billets de 20 $ qu'il vous reste (tâche no 3). = gestion du temps machine. Time in cognitive processing.
 
SHAFFER, H. & HARDWICK, J. (1969). Monitoring simultaneous auditory messages. Perception & Psychophysics, 6, 401-404.
MEDIN, D.L. (1984). Time in cognitive processing and memory : Discussion paper. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 423, 385-388.
ELMAN, J.L. (1990). Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science, 14, 179-211.
GEARY, D.C. & WILEY, J.G. (1991). Cognitive addition : Strategy choice and speed-of-processing differences in young and elderly adults. Psychology & Aging, 6, 474-483.
 
Voir aussi Temps
Temps neural : Neural time.
 
LIBET, B. (1992). The neural time-factor in perception, volition and free will. Revue de Métaphysique, 2, 255-272.

Voir aussi Temps
Temps partagé (Traitement de l'information) : Voir Traitement de l'information en temps partagé.
Temps réel (En...) : En méthodologie, expression qui désigne la quasi-simultanéité de deux opérations; d'un côté, l'expérience qui produit le phénomène à l'étude, de l'autre, la mesure ou l'évaluation de ce phénomène, ainsi que l'analyse des données. Real time experiment.
 
RATCLIFF, R. & LAYTON, W.M. (1981). A microcomputer interface for control of real time experiments in cognitive psychology. Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation, 13, 216-220.
 
Voir aussi Temps
Tendance : Le mot a deux acceptions complémentaires : a) la tendance est le produit d'une cause qui oriente fortement un phénomène. b) Phénomène dont la fréquence ou l'intensité (ou d'autres paramètres) s'accélère (parfois le contraire) de manière notable. Trend.
   
Voir aussi Régularité
Tendance à l'autoactualisation : Pour Maslow et Rogers, motivation fondamentale de tout être humain, qui pousse la personne à s'accomplir, à réaliser son plein potentiel. Pour Maslow, il s'agit chez l'humain du dernier besoin à se développer.
 
 Tennie Claudio ( ) : Biologiste et primatologue cognitiviste américain, spécialiste de la psychologie comparée et de la cognition animale, notamment chez le chimpanzé. Étudiant de Call et Tomasello. Collaborateur de Frith, Haun et Henrich.

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TENNIE, C., HEDWIG, D., CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2008). An experimental study of nettle feeding in captive gorillas. American Journal of Primatology, 70, 584-93. [PDF]
TENNIE, C., CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2009). Ratcheting up the ratchet: on the evolution of cumulative culture. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, 364, 2405-2415. [PDF]
TENNIE, C., FRITH, U. & FRITH, C. (2010). Reputation management in the age of the world-wide web. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 482-488.
TENNIE, C., O'MALLEY, R.C. & GILBY, I.C. (2014). Why do chimpanzees hunt ? Considering the benefits and costs of acquiring and consuming vertebrate versus invertebrate prey. Journal of Human Evolution, 71, 38-45.
 Tennis : Sport. Tennis.
 
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RIKLI R. & SMITH, G. (1980). Videotape feedback effects on tennis serving form. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 50 (3), 895-901. DEHOYOS, D.V., HERRING, D., GARZARELLA, L., WERBER, G., BRECHUE, W.F. & POLLOCK, M.L. (1997). Effect of strength training volume on the development of strength and power in adolescent tennis players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 29 (S), 164.
KELLER, D. (1985). Comportement préparatoire et adaptation au tennis. Revue des Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, 6, 57-63. GIACOMINI, C.P. (1999). Association of birthdate with success of nationally ranked junior tennis players in the United States. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 89, 381-386.
RIEMER, H.A. & TOON, K. (2001). Leadership and satisfaction in tennis : Examination of congruence, gender, and ability. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 72, 243-256.
GOULET, C., FLEURY, M., BARD, C., YERLES, M., MICHAUD, D. & LEMIRE, L. (1988). Analyse des indices visuels prélevés en réception de service au tennis. Journal Canadien des Sciences du Sport, 13, 79-87.  MORAES, L.C., SALMELA, J.H., RABELO, A. & VIANNA, N. (2004). Le rôle des parents dans le développement des jeunes joueurs de football et de tennis brésiliens. Revue STAPS, 64, 109-126.
GOULET, C., BARD, C. & FLEURY, M. (1989). Expertise differences in preparing to return a tennis serve : A visual information processing approach. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 382-398. DELFORGE, C. & LE SCANFF, C. (2006). Rôles et comportements favorables ou défavorables des parents pour les jeunes joueurs de tennis. Staps, 7, 39-56. [PDF]
McPHERSON, S.L. & KERNODLE, M. (2007). Mapping two new points on the tennis expertise continuum : tactical skills of adult advanced beginners and entry-level professionals during competition. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25 (8), 945-959.
 
Voir aussi Sport
 Tennis de table : Sport. Table tennis
 
 WILLIAMS, A.M., VICKERS, J. & RODRIGUES, S. (2002). The effects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis : A test of Eysenck and Calvo's processing efficiency theory. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 24, 438-455.
 
Voir aussi Sport
 Tension : Terme utilisé pour désigner un malaise (individuel) ou une situation sociale désagréable (collectif), voire anxiogène, entre des individus ou des groupes, situation susceptible de se transformer en conflit, parfois même en crise.
 
KUHN, T.S. (1977/90). The essential tension. Chicago : University of Chicago Press. / La tension essentielle : Tradition et changement dans les Sciences. Paris : Gallimard.

Voir aussi conflit et Crise
 Tension artérielle : Voir Pression artérielle.
 Tension(s) raciale(s) : Voir Raciale (Tension) Racial tension.
Tentative de suicide : Voir Suicide.
Teo Thomas ( ) : Psychosociologue socioconstructiviste canadien.
TEO, T. (1997) Developmental psychology and the relevance of a critical metatheoretical reflection. Human Development 40 (4), 195-210. [LIRE]
TEO, T. (1998). Klaus Holzkamp and the rise and decline of German critical psychology. History of Psychology, 1 (3), 235-253. [PDF]
TEO, T. (1999). Functions of knowledge in psychology. New Ideas in Psychology, 17 (1), 1-15. [PDF]
TEO, T. (1999). Methodologies of critical psychology : Illustrations from the field of racism. Annual Review of Critical Psychology, 1, 119-134. [LIRE]
TEO, T. (2012). Psychology is still a problematic science and the public knows it. American Psychologist, 67 (12), 807-808.
TEP : Voir Tomograpgie par émission de positrons. Positron emission tomograph/PET.
Tepperman Lorne (1943-) : Sociologue canadien. Collaborateur de Curtis.
TEPPERMAN, L. (1975). Deviance as a search process. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1 (3), 277-294.
TEPPERMAN, L. (1975). Social mobility in Canada. Toronto : McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
TEPPERMAN, L. (1977). Crime control : The urge toward authority. Toronto : McGraw-Hill Ryerson.
TEPPERMAN, L., CURTIS, J. (2004). What is sociology ? In L. Tepperman & J. Curtis (Eds.), Sociology : A Canadian perspective (pp. 1-31). Toronto : Oxford University Press.
TEPPERMAN, L. (2005). Straight and narrow : An introduction to the sociology of deviance and control. Toronto : Oxford University Press.
Tératogène : Voir Facteur tératogène, anomalies génétiques et grossesse. Teratogen factor.
 
Voir aussi Facteur tératogène
Terman Lewis Madison (Johnson County 1877-1956 Palo Alto) : Psychométricien américain spécialisé dans l'étude et la mesure de l'intelligence. Inventeur du test d'intelligence Stanford-Binet (1916) et du test d'habileté mentale Terman-McNemar (Terman-McNemar Test of Mental Ability- 1942). Président de l'APA en 1923. NDLR : La seule chose que Terman ne semble pas avoir mesurée, c'est son influence sur la psychologie ! Étudiant de Hall. Professeur de Goodenough, Kelly et Mcnemar. Collaborateur de Merrill.

No 72
TERMAN L.M. (1916). The uses of intelligence tests. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
TERMAN, L.M. (1919). The intelligence of school children. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
TERMAN, L.M. (1924). The mental test as a psychological method. Psychological Review, 31, 93-117.
TERMAN, L.M. & MERRILL, M. (1937). Revised Stanford-Binet scale. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
TERMAN, L. & MERRILL, M. (1937). Measuring intelligence. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
AUTEUR INCONNU (1957). Obituary : Lewis M. Terman, Ph.D. British Medical Journal, 19 (1), 170. [PDF]
MINTON, H.L. (1998). Lewis M. Terman : Pioneer in psychological testing. New York : New York University Press.
Terme : Voir Concept, Définition et Mot.
Terme observable : En science, expression utilisée pour désigner les concepts ou les construits qui renvoient à une réalité observable et mesurable. Terme observable, construit empirique et opérationnalisation.

 
Voir aussi Construit empirique et Opérationnalisation
Terminaison neurale : Ramifications de l'axone du neurone.
 
 
Voir aussi Axone et Neurone
Terminologie : Voir Lexique ou Définition. Terminology.

 
MALCUIT, G. et POMERLEAU, A. (1979/1986). Terminologie en conditionnement et apprentissage. Montréal : Presses Universitaires du Québec.
LEE, V.L. (1981). Terminological and conceptual revision in the experimental analysis of language development : Why. Behaviorism, 9, 25-53.
Termite (Macrotermes herus) : Insecte. NDLR : On dit un termite. Termite.

 
MCGREW, W.C. & COLLINS, D.A. (1986). Tool-use by wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to obtain termites (Macrotermes herus) in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. American Journal of Primatology, 9, 47-62.
Termote Marc ( ) : Démographe québécois, professeur à l'Université de Montréal et spécialiste de l'étude de l'immigration et de la démographie linguistique. Il est aussi membre du comité scientifique de l'Institut de recherche sur le français en Amérique.
LEDENT, J. et TERMOTE, M. (1999). L'immigration et la croissance des régions métropolitaines : implications politiques. Options Politiques - Policy Options, 20, 39-44.
TERMOTE, M. (2002). The explanatory power of migration models. In R. Franck (Ed.), The explanatory power of models (pp. 165-179). Boston/Dordrecht/London : Kluwer Academic Publishers.
TERMOTE, M. (2002). La mesure de l'impact économique de l'immigration internationale. Problèmes méthodologiques et résultats empiriques. Cahiers Québécois de Démographie, 31 (1), 35-67.
TERMOTE, M. (2003). L'immigration n'est qu'une solution partielle. Le cas des États-Unis et du Canada. Forum : Revue Suisse pour l'Étude des Migrations et de la Population, 2, 32-36.
TERMOTE, M. (2003). La dynamique démolinguistique du Québec et de ses régions. Dans V. Piché et C. Le Bourdais (Dirs.), La démographie québécoise : Enjeux du XXIe siècle (p. 264-299). Montréal : Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal.
Terracciano Antonio ( ) : Psychologue cognitiviste américain, d'origine italienne, spécialisé dans l'étude de la personnalité. Collaborateur de Costa et McCrae.
TERRACCIANO, A., MERRITT, M., ZONDERMAN, A.B. & EVANS, M.K. (2003). Personality traits and sex differences in emotions recognition among African. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 309-312. [PDF]
TERRACCIANO, A. & COSTA, P.T. (2004). Smoking and the five-factor model of personality. Addiction, 99, 472-480. [PDF]
TERRACCIANO, A. & COSTA, P.T. (2007). Perceptions of Americans and the Iraq invasion : Implications for understanding national character stereotypes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 38 (6), 695-710. [PDF]
TERRACCIANO, A., LOECKENHOFF, C.E., CRUM, R.M., BIENVENU, O.J. & COSTA, P.T. (2008). Five-factor model personality profiles of drug users. BMC Psychiatry, 8 22.
TERRACCIANO, A., McCRAE, R.R. & COSTA, P.T. (2010). Intra-individual change in personality stability and age. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 31-37. [PDF]
Terrace Herbert S. (1936-) : Psychologue et primatologue cognitivo-béhavioriste américain. Il a mis sur pied un laboratoire d'étude de la cognition chez les primates, à l'Université Columbia. Terrace et Nim Chimpsy. Professeur de Brannon et Roitblat. Collaborateur de Balsam, Colombo, Gibbon, Holloway, Locurto, Kornell et Scarf.
TERRACE, H.S. (1963). Errorless transfer of a discrimination across two continua. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 6 (2), 223-232. [PDF]
TERRACE, H.S., GIBBON, J., FARRELL, L. & BALDOCK, M.D. (1975). Temporal factors influencing the acquisition and maintenance of an autoshaped keypeck. Animal Learning & Behavior, 3, 53-62. [PDF]
TERRACE, H.S., PETITTO, L.A., SNADERS, R.J. & BEVER, T.G. (1979). Can an ape create a sentence ? Science, 206, 891-902.
TERRACE, H.S., SON, L.K. & BRANNON, E.M. (2003). Serial expertise of rhesus macaques. Psychological Science, 14 (1), 66-73. [PDF]
TERRACE, H.S. (2005). The simultaneous chain : a new approach to serial learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9 (4), 202-210. [PDF]
Terrain : Le mot renvoie à deux réalités voisines : a) Partie du milieu naturel d'un organisme que l'on souhaite étudier (Recherche en milieu naturel). En ce sens, le terrain s'oppose au laboratoire. = in vivo, conditions réelles, conditions naturelles, vraie vie. /laboratoire. Natural environment, field. b) Le terrain désigne également une surface aménagée pour pratiquer un sport ou faire de l'exercice. Terrain et avantage du terrain. Field.
 
a
THARP, R.G. & WETZEL, R.J. (1969). Behavior modification in the natural environment. New York : Academic Press.
NOIRIEL, G. & WEBER, F. (1990). Journal de terrain, journal de recherche et auto- analyse. Genèses, 2, 138-147.
De SARDAN, O. (1995). La politique du terrain. Enquête, 1, 71-109.
HUGHES, E.C. (1996). La place du travail de terrain dans les sciences sociales. Dans Le regard sociologique (pp. 267-279). Paris : Éditions de l'EHESS.
GOLD, R. (1958/2003). Jeux de rôle sur le terrain. Observation et participation dans l'enquête sociologique. Dans D. Céfaï (Dir.), L'enquête de terrain (pp. 340-349). Paris : La Découverte.
BEAUD, S. et WEBER, F. (2003). Guide de l'enquête de terrain. Paris : La Découverte.
GOULET, J-G.A. (2011). Trois manières d'être sur le terrain. Une brève histoire des conceptions de l'intersubjectivité. Anthropologie et Sociétés, 35 (3), 107-125. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Recherche en milieu naturel
b
BAUMEISTER, R.F. & STEINHILBER, A. (1984). Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure : The home-field disadvantage in sports championships. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 47, 85-93.
 
Voir aussi Sport et Avantage du terrain
Terrain : Revue scientifique d'anthropologie qui consacre ses pages aux recherches en milieu naturel (sur le terrain).
ASTUTI, R. (2007). La moralité des conventions : tabous ancestraux à Madagascar. Terrain, 48, 101-112.
 
Terre : Terre, territoire et pays. Earth.
 
DAILY G.C. & HRLICH, P.R. (1992). Population, sustainability, and earth's carrying capacity. BioScience, 42 (10), 761-771.
COHEN, J.E. (1995). How many people can the earth support ? The Sciences, 35 (6), 25-39. [PDF]
COHEN, J.E. (1995). Popula on growth and earth's human carrying capacity. Science, 269 (5222), 341-346.
COHEN, J.E. (1995). How many people can the earth support ? New York and London : Norton.
 
Voir aussi Populatiom, Territoire et Pays
Terreur : Grande peur, qui s'accompagne de l'angoisse que l'événement qui est à l'origine de cette émotion se reproduise, perdure, n'ait de fin. = frayeur. Terror.
 
KAM, C. & KINDER, D.R.. (2007) Terror and ethnocentrism : Foundations of American support for the war on terrorism. Journal of Politics, 69, 320-338.
MUSGRAVE, L. & McGARTY, C. (2008). Opinion-based group membership and the war on terror. Social Psychology, 39 (1), 37-47.
 
Voir aussi Terrorisme
Terreur nocturne : Parasomnie.
 
DURAND, V.M. & MINDELL, J.A. (1999). Behavioral intervention for childhood sleep terrors. Behavior Therapy, 30, 705-715.
DURAND, V.M. (2002). Treating sleep terrors in children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavioral Interventions, 4, 66-72.
DURAND, V.M. & CHRISTODULU, K.V. (2003). Sleep terrors. In T.H. Ollendick and C.S. Schroeder (Eds.), Encyclopedia of pediatric and child psychology (pp. 617- 618). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
DURAND, V.M. (2006). Sleep terrors. In J.E. Fisher & W.T. O'Donohue (Eds.), Practitioners guide to evidenced based psychotherapy (pp. 654-660). New York : Springer.
Terrisse Bernard ( ) : Psychologue québécois d'origine française, spécialisé en éducation spécialisée. Il s'intéresse notamment à la résilience. Il enseigne à l'Université du Québec à Montréal. Collaborateur de Larivée.
TERRISSE, B. et DANSEREAU, S. (1988). Une approche systémique en intervention précoce. International Journal of Early Chilhood, 20 (2), 11-22.
TERRISSE, B., ROBERTS, D., PALACIO-QUINTIN, E. & MACDONALD, B. (1998). Parenting practices and child development. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 57 (2), 114-123.
TERRISSE, B. (2001). La résilience : facteurs de risque et facteurs de protection dans l'environnement social et scolaire du jeune enfant. Cahiers du Centre de recherche sur les formes d'éducation et d'enseignement/École/Famille : Quelle médiation ? 14, 129-172. [PDF]
TERRISSE, B. (2002). Enfance et résilience. Cahiers de Psychopédagogie Curative et Interculturelle, 1 (2), 34-52.
LAROSE, F., TERRISSE, B. et BÉDARD, J. (2006). Les représentations de parents québécois au regard de l'intervention socioéducative au préscolaire. Brock Education : A Journal of Educational Research & Practice, 15 (2), 148-174. [PDF]
Territoire : Territorialité : Espace occupé (et défendu dans la plupart des cas) par un individu, un groupe, une population ou un pays. Celui qui occupe le territoire se nomme habitant ou résidant, tandis que celui qui le pénètre est un étranger (avec permission) ou un envahisseur (sans permission). Territoire et priorité de résidence. *priorité de résidence. Territory.
 
GREENBERG, N. (1947). Some relations between territory, social hierarchy and leadership in the green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Physiological Zoology, 20, 269-299. LUCKMANN, T. (1982). Territorial borders as system boundaries. In R. Strassoldo & G. Delli Zotti (Eds.), Cooperation and conflict in border areas (pp. 235-244). Franco Angeli Editore.
TINBERGEN, N. (1957). The fonction of territory. Bird Study, 4, 14-27. EDNEY, J.J. & BELL, P.A. (1983). The commons dilemma : comparing altruism, the Golden Rule, perfect equality of outcomes, and territoriality. The Social Science Journal, 20, 23-33.
ESSER, A.H., CHAMBERLAIN, A.S., CHAPPIE, E.D. & KLINE, N.S. (1965). Territoriality of patients on a research ward. In Wortis, J. (Ed.), Recent advances in biological psychiatry (Vol. 7). New York : Plenum Press.
ARDREY, R. (1966). The Territorial Imperative. Atheneum : New York.
COLEMAN, A.D. (1968). Territoriality in man; a comparison of behavior in home and hospital. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 38, 464-468.
ALTMAN, I. (1970). Territorial behavior in humans : An analysis of the concept. In L. Pastalan & D. Carson (Ed.), Spatial behavior of older people (pp. 1-24). Michigan : The University of Michigan. SACHSER, N. & PRÖVE, E. (1984). Short-term effects of residence on the testosterone responses to fighting in alpha male guinea pigs. Aggressive Behavior, 10, 285-292.
EDNEY, J.J. (1974). Property, possession, and permanence: A field study in human territoriality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2, 275-282. SHANK, C.C. (1986). Territory size, energetics, and breeding strategy in the Corvidae. The American Naturalist, 128, 642-652.
SYMONS, P.E.K. (1974). Territorial behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon reduces predatio by brook trout. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 52, 677-679. HEINSOHN, R. (1997). Group territoriality in two populations of African lions. Animal Behaviour, 53, 1143-1147. [PDF]
EDNEY, J.J. & JORDAN-EDNEY, N. (1974). Territorial spacing on a beach. Sociometry, 37, 92-104. HEINSOHN, R. & PACKER. C. (1995). Complex cooperative strategies in group-territorial African lions. Science, 269, 1260-1262. [PDF]
EDNEY, J.J. (1974). Human territoriality. Psychological Bulletin, 81 (12), 959-975. NEAVE, N. & WOLFSON, S. (2003). Testosterone, territoriality, and the "home advantage". Physiology & Behavior, 78, 269-275. [PDF]
ZAYAN, R.C. (1975). Défense du territoire et reconnaissance individuelle chez Xiphophorus (Pisces, Poeciliidae). Behaviour, 52, 266-312. MOSSER, A. & PACKER, C. (2009) Group territoriality and the benefits of sociality in the African lion, Panthera leo. Animal Behaviour, 78, 359-370. [PDF]
EDNEY, J.J. (1975). Territoriality and control : A field experiment. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 31, 1108-1115.
EDNEY, J.J. & BUDA, M.A. (1976). Distinguishing territoriality and privacy : Two studies. Human Ecology, 4, 283-296.
EDNEY, J.J. & HARPER, C.S. (1978). Human territories : Comment on functional properties. Environment & Behavior, 8 (1), 141.
WELLS, K.D. (1978). Territoriality in the green frog (Rana clamitans) : vocalizations and agonistic behaviour. Animal Behaviour, 26, 1051-1063. VERKUYTEN, M., SIERKSMA J. & THIJS, J. (2015). First arrival and owning the land : How children reason about ownership of territory. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 41, 58-64.
TULLOCK, G. (1978). On the adaptive significance of territoriality : Comment. The American Naturalist, 113 (5), 772-775.
 
Voir aussi Utilisation de l'espace, Espace public et Priorité de résidence
Terrorisme : Terroriste : Stratégie militaire ou para-militaire qui vise à semer la terreur au sein d'une population civile. Le but de cette «stratégie indirecte» est de déstabiliser ou de détruire ceux que l'on considère comme nos véritables ennemis (un gouvernement, une coalition au pouvoir, la police, l'armée, un groupe religieux, etc.). Le terrorisme fait généralement usage de violence, mais il existe d'autres moyens pour déstabliser un ennemi et semer la terreur (virus informatique qui paralyse un gouvernement, par exemple ou qui enraye le fonctionnement d'une centrale électique ou nucléaire). Les victimes d'un attentat sont donc rarement les véritables cibles de cette stratégie. Le choix des victimes dépend alors de la nature de la cause défendue. Il peut s'agir de sa propre population, dans le cas du terrorisme révolutionnaire (guérilla), ou de la population d'un pays ennemi, lorsque l'attentat est commis dans le contexte d'une guerre ("froide" ou non). Dans les deux cas, il s'agit d'un sous-groupe ("nous/les bons") qui en attaque un autre ("eux/les méchants"). Le plus souvent, les terroristes opèrent secrètement (complot), même s'ils révèlent parfois publiquement leur cible ou leurs motifs (tract, manifeste, lettre de menace, etc.) ou revendiquent leur geste (attentat, kidnapping, bommbe sale, etc) ou leur appartenance. Par définition, les victimes d'un attentat sont des civils (accidentellement des militaires); s'il s'agit de soldats, on utilise plutôt les termes "opération militaire ou déclaration de guerre" pour désigner cette stratégie. Sauf exception, le terrorisme prend généralement la forme d'un acte criminel violent planifié par des individus (terroristes) bien organisées (cellule, front, bande, faction, etc.) ayant une idéologie commune (politique, raciale, religieuse, révolutionnaire, etc.). NDLR : Je suis conscient que cette définition opérationnelle du terrorisme (voir tableau ci-dessous) est très restrictive, mais ces précisions sont à mes yeux nécessaires si on veut éviter que le concept ne soit récupérer  par les uns et les autres à des fins strictement idéologiques, plutôt qu'analytiques ou scientifiques. C'est d'ailleurs le sort qui attend le concept de racisme ou genre, si on ne parvient pas à les définir plus clairement. Utiliser «à toutes les sauces», ces concepts finissent par perdre leur pertinence, leur sens. De fait, on confond souvent le terrorisme avec le loup solitaire, le meurtrier de masse ou le cinglé puissance 10.

Contrairement au meurtrier de masse ou au loup solitaire, celui ou celle qui sème la terreur (sbire, exécutant, lampiste, sous-fifres, second violon, homme de main, etc.) n'agit pas en son nom propre; il est l'instrument de "l'organisation", le rouage d'une machination qui le dépasse. Il peut être payé pour agir ainsi (meurtrier professionnel) ou se sacrifier pour la cause en obéissant aux ordres (fidèle). En ce sens, les attentats commis en Norvège par Anders Breivik (2011) et Timothy McVeigh à Oklahoma City (1996) ne peuvent être considérés comme des attentats terroristes puisqu'ils n'étaient pas commandés par un sous-groupe organisé autour d'une idéologie commune (même si McVeigh avait trois complices qui se réclamaient des Davidiens, la secte de David Koresch). Le terroriste connaît parfois les motifs belliqueux et criminel qui animent son sous-groupe d'appartenance, mais le plus souvent il les ignore totalement ou n'en a qu'une vague idée (instrumentalisation). Terrorisme, trouble de stress post-traumatique et victime. = guerre par procuration. ( ): 11 septembre, Piazza Fontana, attentat de Oklahoma City, la gare de Bologne, les attentats de Madrid, Opération Condor. Terrorism, bombing.
Conditions nécessaires du terrorisme
1 Acte criminel, généralement violent
2 Planifié par un sous-groupe d'individus ("nous", les terroristes)
3 Les membres de ce sous-groupe partagent la même idéologie, la même cause
4 Commis souvent par un exécutant (sbire, lampiste, homme de main, etc.) au nom des terroristes
5 À l'endroit d'un autre groupe/sous-groupe ("eux"/victimes)
6 Victimes essentiellement composées de civils (Si militaire = guerre)
7 Dans le but de semer la terreur chez la population de ce groupe/sous-groupe de victimes

 
HACKER, F.J. (1976). Crusaders, criminals, crazies : terror and terrorism in our time. New York : W.W. Norton. SPECKARD, A. & AKMEDOVA, K. (2005). Talking to terrorists. Journal of Psychohistory, 33, 125-156.
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KELLEN, K. (1980). Terrorists what are they like "How some terrorists describe their world and actions". IN B.M. Jenkins (Ed ), Terrorism and beyond : An international conference on terrorism and low-level conflict (pp. 123-173). Santa Monica, CA : Rand. GARCIA-GARCIA, M., TORRES-PÉREZ, I. & VALDES-DIAZ, M. (2005). Ten outstandind references about : Psychopathology and terrorism. Annuary of Clinical & Health Psychology, 1, 39-51. [PDF]
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KNUTSON, J.N. (1981). Social and psychodynamic pressure toward a negative identity: the case of an American revolutionary terrorist. Y. Alexander & J.M. Gleason (Eds.), Behavioral and quantitative perspectives on terrorism (pp. 105-150). New York : Pergamon. MARTIN, G. (2005). Understanding terrorism. Thousand Oaks, CA : SAGE Publications.
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McCORMICK, G.H. (2003). Terrorist decision making. Annual Review of Political Science, 6, 473-507. HORGAN, J. (2009). Walking away from terrorism : Accounts of disengagement from radical and extremist movements London : Routledge.
KUSHNER, H.W. (2003). Encyclopedia of terrorism.
Thousand Oaks and London: Sage.
GINGES, J., HANSEN, I.G. & NORENZAYAN, A. (2009). Religion and support for suicide attacks. Psychological Science, 20, 224-230. [PDF]
ATRAN, S. (2003). Genesis of suicide terrorism. Science, 299, 1534-1539. RICE, S.K. (2009). Emotions and terrorism research : A case for a social-psychological agenda. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37, 248-255.
WILSON, M.A. & LEMANSKI, L., (2009) The forensic psychology of terrorism. In J. Adler and J. Gray (Eds.), Forensic Psychology; Concepts, debates and practice. Willan Publishing.
JACQUES, K. & TAYLOR, P.J. (2009). Female terrorism : A review. Terrorism & Political Violence, 21 (3), 499-515.
SIDMAN, M. (2003). Introduction : Terrosrism as behavior. Behavior & Social Issues, 12, 83-89. JOHNSON, D.D.P. (2009) Darwinian selection in asymmetric warfare : the natural advantage of insurgents and terrorists. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 95 (3), 89-112. [PDF]

SPAAIJ, R. (2010). The enigma of lone wolf terrorism : an assessment. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 33, 854–870.
 STERNBERG, R.J. (2003). A duplex theory of hate : Development and application to terrorism, massacres, and genocide. Review of General Psychology, 7 (3), 299-328. SHARVIT, K., BAR-TAL, D., RAVIV, A., RAVIV, A. & GUREVICH, R. (2010). Ideological orientation and social context as moderators of the effect of terrorism : The case of Israeli-Jewish public opinion regarding peace. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 105-121.
SALZINGER, K. (2003). Terrorism is behavior. NYS Psychologist, 15, 7-10. HORGAN, J. (2010). Rehabilitating the terrorists ? Challenges in assessing the effectiveness of de-radicalization programs. Terrorism & Political Violence, 22, 267-291. [PDF]

SIMCOX, R., STUART, H. & AHMED, H. (2010). Islamist terrorism: the British connections. London, U.K.: Center for Social Cohesion.
SCHMIDT, F. (2010). From Islamic warriors to drug lords : The evolution of Taliban insurgency. Mediterranean Quarterly, 21 (2), 61-77.
BARTLETT, J. & MILLER, C. (2010). The power of unreason: Conspiracy theories, extremism and counter-terrorism. London, England : Demos.
PAPE, R.A. (2003). The strategic logic of suicide terrorism. American Political Science Review, 97 (3), 343-361. BURNS, W.J. & SLOVIC, P. (2010). Predicting and modeling public response to a terrorist strike. In P. Slovic (Ed.), The feeling of risk : New perspectives on risk perception (pp. 285-306). London : Earthscan.
LERNER, J.S., SMALL, D.A. & FISCHHOFF, B. (2003). Effects of fear and anger on perceived risks of terrorism : A national field experiment. Psychological Science, 14, 144-150. [PDF] OREHEK, E., DOSSJE, B., KRUGLANSKI, A.W., COLE, A., SADDLER, T. & JACKSON, J. (2010). Need for closure and the social response to terrorism. Basic & Applied Social Psychology, 32, 279-290. [PDF]
TURK, A.T. (2004). Sociology of terrorism. Annual Review of Sociology, 30, 271-286. REINARES, F. (2011). Exit from terrorism : A qualitative empirical study on disengagement and deradicalization among members of ETA. Terrorism & Political Violence, 23, 780-803.
BLOOM, M.M. (2004). Palestinian suicide bombing : Public support, market share and outbidding. Political Science Quarterly, 199, 61-88. De CASTELLA, K. & MCGARTY, C. (2011). Two leaders, two wars : A psychological analysis of fear and anger content in political rhetoric about terrorism. Analyses of Social Issues, & Public Policy, 11 (1), 180-200.
HENRY, V.E. & KING, D.H. (2004). Improving emergency preparedness and public-safety responses to terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. Brief Treatment & Crisis Intervention, 4 (1), 11-35. [PDF] FISCHHOFF, B. (2011). Communicating about the risks of terrorism (or anything else). American Psychologist, 66, 520-531. [PDF]
REINARES, F. (2004). Who are the terrorists ? Analyzing changes in sociological profile among members of ETA. Studies in Conflict Terrorism, 33, 465–488.
JACKSON, R., JARVIS, L., GUNNING, J. & SMITH, M. B. (2011). Terrorism : a critical introduction. Palgrave Macmillan.
TILLY, C. (2004), Terror, terrorism, terrorists. Sociological Theory, 22 (1), 5-13. HUDDY, L. & FELDMAN, S. (2011). Americans respond politically to 9/11 understanding the impact of the terrorist attacks and their aftermath. American Psychologist, 66 (6), 455-467. [PDF]

BLOOM, M. (2011). Bombshell: women and terrorism. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
SKITKA, L.J., BAUMAN, C.W. & MULLEN, E. (2004). Political tolerance and coming to psychological closure following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks : A model comparison approach. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 743-756. KURZMAN, C. (2011). The missing martyrs : Why there are so few Muslim terrorists. Oxford University Press.
HENRY, D.B., TOLAN, P. & GORMAN-SMITH, D. (2004). Have there been effects associated with the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks among inner-city parents and children ? Professional Psychology : Research & Practice, 3, 542-547. EISENBERG, N. & COHEN, R.C. (2011). Growing up in the shadow of terrorism : Youth in America after 9/11. American Psychologist, 66, 468-481. [PDF]
MOGHADDAM, F.M. & MARSELLA, A.J. (2004). Understanding terrorism : Psychosocial roots, causes and consequences. Washington, DC : American Psychological Association Press. KRUGLANSKI, A.W. & OREHEK, E. (2011). The role of quest for significance in motivating terrorism. In J. Forgas, A. Kruglanski & K. Williams (Eds.), Social conflict and aggression (pp. 153-164). New York, NY : Psychology Press. [PDF]
MILLER, A.M. & HELDRING, M. (2004). Mental health and primary care in a time of terrorism : psychological impact of terrorism attacks. Families Systems & Health, 22, 7-30. PERLIGER, A. & PEDAHZUR, A. (2011). Social network analysis in the study of terorism and political violence. Political Science & Politics, 44 (1), 45-50. [PDF]
ALY, A. (2011). Terrorism and global security : Historical and contemporary perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.
DAVIS, D.W. & SILVER, B.D. (2004). Civil liberties vs. security in the context of the terrorist attacks on America. American Journal of Political Science, 48, 28-46. EISENBERG, N. & SILVER, R.C. (2011). Growing up in the shadow of terrorism : Youth in America after 9/11. American Psychologist, 66, 468-481. [PDF]
SAGEMAN, M. (2004). Understanding terror networks. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press. WILSON, M.A., BRADFORD, E. & LEMANSKI, L. (2012). The role of group psychology in terrorism. In J. Wood & T. Gannon (Eds.), Criminal activity and crime reduction : the role of group processes (pp. not yet known). London : Psychology Press/Taylor and Francis.
STERN, J. (2004). Terror in the name of God. New York, NY : Ecco. KRUGLANSKI, A.W. & OREHEK, E. (2012). The need for certainty as a psychological nexus for individuals and society. In M.A. Hogg and D.L. Blaylock. (Eds.), Extremism and the psychology of uncertainty. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. [PDF]
WILLER, R. (2004). The effects of government-issued terror warnings on president approval ratings. Current Research in Social Psychology, 10, 1-12. [PDF] McGARTY, G., THOMAS, E.F. & LOUIS, W.R. (2012). Are they terrorist sympathizers or do they just disagree with the war on terror ? A comment on testing theories of radicalization in polls of U.S. Muslims. Analyses of Social Issues & Public Policy, 12 (1), 316-319. [PDF]
LEVANT, R.F. & SALZINGER, K. (2004). Psychology responds to terrorism. In T.L. Jackson and L. VandeCreek (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice : Focus on violence treatment and prevention (pp. 151-164). Sarasota, FL. Professional Resource Press. KRUGLANSKI, A.W., GELFAND, M.J. & GUNARATNA, R. (2012). Terrorism as means to an end : How political violence bestows significance. In P.R. Shaver & M. Mikulincer (Eds.), Meaning, mortality, and choice : The social psychology of existential concerns (pp. 203-212). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
ALY, A. (2013). The policy response to home-grown terrorism : reconceptualising Prevent and Resilience as collective resistance. Journal of Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism, 8 (1), 2-18.
WILSON, M.A. & LEMANSKI, L. (2013). Apparent intended lethality : Toward a model of intent to harm in terrorist bomb attacks. Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict Pathways toward terrorism & Genocide, 6 (1-3). 1-21.

BRAITHWAITE, A. (2013). The logic of public fear in terrorism and counter-terrorism. Journal of Police & Criminal Psychology, 28 (2), 95-101.
TAYLOR, D.M. & LOUIS, W. (2004). Terrorism and the quest for identity. In F.M. Moghaddam & A.J Marsella (Ed.), Understanding terrorism : Psychosocial roots, consequences, and interventions (pp. 169-185). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association. HORGAN, J. (2014). Bombing alone : Tracing the motivations and antecedent behaviors of lone-actor terrorists. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 59 (2), 425-435. [PDF]

GRAY, J.M. & DICKINS, T.E. (2014). Suicide terrorism and post-mortem benefits. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 37 (4), 369-370.
BORUM, R. (2004). Psychology of terrorism. Tampa : University of South Florida. HORGAN, J. (2014). The psychology of terrorism. Routledge.
COLLINS, R. (2004). Rituals of solidarity and security in the wake of terrorist attack. Sociological Theory, 22, 53-87. KRUGLANSKI, A.W., GELFAND, M.J., BÉLANGER, J.J., SHEVELAND, A., HETIARACHCHI. M. & GUNARATNA, R. (2014). The psychology of radicalization and deradicalization : How significance quest impacts violent extremism. Advances in Political Psychology, 35 (S1), 69-93. [PDF] + [PDF]
SMALL, D.A., LERNER, J.S., GONZALEZ, R.M. & FISCHHOFF, B. (2004). Emotion priming and attributions for terrorism : Americans' reactions in a national field experiment. Political Psychology, 27, 289-298. GILL, P. (2015). Lone-actor terorists : A behavioural analysis. Routlege.
MARTENS, W.H.J. (2004). Terrorist with Antisocial Personality Disorder. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 4 (1), 45-56. SCHLEGELMILCH, J., PETKOVA, E., MARTINEZ, S. & REDLENER, I. (2015). Acts of terrorism and mass violence targeting schools : Analysis and implications for preparedness in the USA. Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, 10 (3), 280-289. [PDF]

FERGUSON, N. (2016). Disengaging from terrorism : A northern Irish experience. Journal for Deradicalization, 6, 1-23. [PDF]

WIRTZ, P.W. & ROHRBECK C.A. (2017). Efficacy for dealing with terrorism precautionary behavior: laying the groundwork for communication effectiveness. Journal of Health Communication, 22 (10), 829-838.
BERNIER, M.-F. (2018). Introduction. Médias, terrorisme et conflit : Pratiques et stratégies [Introduction. Media, terrorism and conflict : Practices and strategies]. Les Cahiers du Journalisme, 2 (1), 3-6.
VASILOPOULOS, P., MARCUS, G.E. & FOUCAULT, M. (2018). Emotional responses to the Charlie Hebdo attacks : Addressing the authoritarianism puzzle. Political Psychology 39 (3), 557-575.
 
Voir aussi Violence, Pouvoir, Complot, Guerre, TSPT, Territoire, Théorie du complot et 11 Septembre
Terrorisme (Contre-) : Counter-terrorism.
 
HOFFMAN, B. (2002). Rethinking terrorism ? and counterterrorism since 9/11. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 25, 303-316. [PDF]
WOLFENDALE, J. (2007). Terrorism, security, and the threat of counterterrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 1 75-92.
BARTLETT, J. & MILLER, C. (2010). The power of unreason : Conspiracy theories, extremism and counter-terrorism. London, England : Demos.
BRAITHWAITE, A. (2013). The logic of public fear in terrorism and counter-terrorism. Journal of Police & Criminal Psychology, 28 (2), 95-101.

Voir aussi Terrorisme
Tesser/Tessier
Abraham Tesser Réjean Tessier
 
Tesser Abraham (New York 1941-) : Psychosociologue américain.
TESSER, A., MILLAR M. & MOORE, J. (1988). Some affective consequences of social comparison and reflection processes : The pain and pleasure of being close. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 54, 49-61.
TESSER, A. (1993). On the importance of heritability in psychological research : The case of attitudes. Psychological Review, 100, 129-142.
TESSER, A. & BEACH, S.R.H. (1998). Life events, relationship quality, and depression : An investigation of judgement discontinuity in vivo. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74, 36-52.
TESSER, A. (2000). On the confluence of self-esteem maintenance mechanisms. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 4, 290-299. [PDF]
TESSER, A. (2001). On the plasticity of self defense. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 66-69.
Tessier Réjean ( ) : Psychologue écologiste québécois et professeur à l'Université Laval. Il se spécialise dans l'étude du développement psychologique et social des enfants nés prématurément. Collaborateur de Nadeau et Tarabulsy.
TARABULSY, G.M., TESSIER, R. & KAPPAS, A. (1996). Contingency detection and the contingent organization of behavior in interactions : Implications for socioemotional development in infancy. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 1-17.
TESSIER, R., CRISTO, M.E., VELEZ, S., GIRON, M., NADEAU, L. & CHARPAK, N. (2003). Kangaroo mother-care : A method of protecting high-risk premature infants against developmental delay. Infant Behavior & Development, 26, 384-397.
NADEAU, L., TESSIER, R., BOIVIN, M., LEFEVBRE, F. & ROBAEY, P. (2003). Extreme premature and very low birthweight infants : A double hazard population ? Social Development, 12, 235-248.
NADEAU, L. & TESSIER, R. (2003). Relations sociales entre enfants à l'âge scolaire : effet de la prématurité et de la déficience motrice. Enfance, 55, 48-55.
LAGANIÈRE, J., TESSIER, R. & NADEAU, L. (2003). Attachement mère-enfant prématuré : Un lien médiatisé par les perceptions maternelles. Enfance, 55, 101-117.
Test : Tester : De façon générale, un test est la mise à l'épreuve du fonctionnement d'un objet, d'une idée. Les tests répondent à la question : est-ce que ça fonctionne ? Est-ce que ceci ou cela donne les résultats escomptés ? Dans quelle mesure ? En science, le mot possède au moins six acceptions : a) En psychologie, notamment chez Freud, il désigne une expérience personnelle qui consiste à confronter ses perceptions à la réalité (test de réalité). Reality test, realty testing. b) Toujours en psychologie, le mot renvoie à un outil qui permet d'évaluer de manière objective ou subjective certaines propriétés psychologique de l'humain ou de l'animal (intelligence, personnalité, apprentissage, troubles mentaux, etc); On dit «passer ou administrer un test». Généralement, ces tests comparent l'individu évalué aux résultats moyens d'une population (tout ceux qui ont passé le test avant lui), ce qui permet deux choses : comparer le sujet à un standard et le déclarer plus ou moins normal sur le plan statistique = épreuve, tâche, inventaire, échelle. Psychological test, mental test. c) En méthodologie, le test prend la forme d'une expérience scientifique ou d'une simulation dont la fonction est de mettre à l'épreuve une hypothèse en la confrontant directement aux faits (test empirique) ou à un test de cohérence théorique (simulation), de manière à pouvoir affirmer que cette hypothèse est vraie ou fausse ou Le test permet donc de vérifier une hypothèse, et indirectement la théorie de laquelle découle cette hypothèse. Test, méthodes scientifiques et inférence forte. Empirical test, experimental test. d) En relation avec 3, on utilise ce terme pour désigner la procédure mathématique et logique qui permet de vérifier si une hypothèse statistique est vraie ou fausse en la confrontant aux résultats d'une recherche (données empiriques), et en comparant ces résultats à ceux que l'on pourrait obtenir au hasard (données de la variable aléatoire). = test statistique. Statistical test. e) Finalement, en éducation, le terme désigne une forme d'examen court composé de questions qui permettent de vérifier les apprentissages/connaissances acquises en lisant. Test, quizz. f) On utilise également ce terme comme synonyme d'essai clinique ou étude clinique. Clinical trial.

Types de test
Test biologique/Médical Test de lecture Test statistique
Test de mémoire Test psychologique/psychométrique Test d'hypothèse
Test de personnalité Test scolaire Tester une hypothèse
 
   
a
HURVICH, M. (1970). On the concept of reality testing. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 51, 299-312.
LANDA, Y., SILVERSTEIN, S.M., SCHWARTZ, F. & SAVITZ, A. (2006). Group cognitive behavioral therapy for delusions : helping patients improve reality testing. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36, 9-17.
b
GULLILSEN, H. (1950). Theory of mental tests. New York : Wiley.
WITKIN, H.A., OLTMAN, P.K., RASKIN, E. & KARP, S.A. (1971). A manual for the embedded figures test. Palo Alto : Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.
BURROUGHS, W.A., MURRAY J., WESLEY, S.S., MEDINA, D.R., PENN, S.L., GORDON, S.R. & CATELLO, M. (1999). Easing the implementation of behavioral testing through computerization. In F. Drasgow & J.B. Olson-Buchanan (Eds.), Innovations in computerized assessment (pp. 221-247) Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
MEYER, G.J., FINN, S.E., EYDE, L.D., KAY, G.G., MORELAND, K.L., DIES, R.R., EISMAN, E.J., KUBISZYN, T.W. & REED, G.M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment : A review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56 (2), 128-165.
LAVEAULT, D. et GRÉGOIRE, J. (2002). Introduction aux théories des tests en psychologie et en sciences de l'éducation. Bruxelles : De Boeck Université.
URBINA, S. (2004). Essentials of psychological testing. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
NAGLIERI, J.A., DRASGOW, F., SCHMIT, M., HANDLER, L., PRIFITERA, A., MARGOLIS, A. & VELASQUEZ, R. (2004). Psychological testing on the Internet : New problems, old issues. American Psychologist, 59 (3), 150-162. [PDF]
Voir Test psychologique/Test psychométrique
c
WILTON, R.N. & CLEMENTS, R.O. (1971). The role of information in the emission of observing responses : a test of two hypotheses. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 16, 161-166. [PDF]
HACKMAN, J.R. & OLDAM, G.R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work : Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 16, 250-279
BURNS, D.J. (1990). The generation effect : A test between single- and multifactor theories. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 16, 1060-1067.
KYONKA, E.G.E. & CHURCH, R.M. (2005). Empirical tests of "Take-the-best" with non-human subjects. Behavioural Processes, 69, 133-135.
POHL, R.F. (2006). Empirical tests of the recognition heuristic. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19 (3), 251-271.
LAIDRE, M.E. (2009). How often do animals lie about their intentions ? An experimental test. The American Naturalist, 173 (3), 337-346. [PDF]

Voir Expérience scientifique
d
NEYMAN, J. & PEARSON, S.E. (1933). On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 231, 289-337. [PDF]
BUCHANAN-WOLLASTON, H.J. (1935). Statistical tests. Nature, 136, 182-183.

Voir Test statistique
e
HALADYNA, T.M. (1974). Effects of different samples on item and test characteristics of criterion-referenced tests. Journal of Educational Measurement, 11, 93-100.
TOWNSEND, N.R. & WHEATLEY, G.H. (1975). Analysis of frequency of tests and varying feedback delays in college mathematics achievement. College Student Journal, 9, 32-36.
ANDERSON, J.E. (1984). Frequency of quizzes in a behavioral science course : An attempt to increase medical student study behavior. Teaching of Psychology, 11, 34.
ZEIDNER, M. (1990). College students' reactions towards key facets of classroom testing. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 15, 151-169.
LANDRUM, R.E. (1992). Students' perceptions of the effects of test delays. College Student Journal, 26 (3), 387-389.

Voir Examen et Test de lecture
f
Voir Étude clinique
Test(Pré/Post-) : Le terme prétest a deux acceptions : a) Dans une recherche quasi-expérimentale, il désigne la mesure réalisée avant le traitement; le terme post-test est donc utilisé pour désigner la mesure réalisée après le traitement. b) On utilise également les termes prétest et prétester pour désigner les tests réalisés avant une recherche pour parfaire un outil de collecte de données (grille d'observation, appareil de mesure, etc.). = essai. Pretest-posttest design.
   
a
HUNT, S.D., SPARKMAN, R.D. & WILCOX, J.B. (1982). The pretest in survey research : Issues and preliminary findings. Journal of Marketing Research, 19, 269-273.
THYER, B.A. & CURTIS, G.C. (1983). The repeated pretest-posttest single-subject experiment : A new design for empirical clinical practice. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 14, 311-315.
VENTER, A., MAXWELL, S.E. & BOLIG, E. (2002). Power in randomized group comparisons : The value of adding a single intermediate time point to a traditional pretest-posttest design. Psychological Methods, 7 (2), 194-209.
MORRIS, S.B. (2008). Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs. Organizational Research Methods, 11 (2), 364-386.
b

Test (scolaire) : Voir Examen. Exam.
Types de test/examen
Examen à choix multiple Examen à livre ouvert Examen oral
Examen à développement Examen mixte Test de lecture
 
Test à choix multiple : Examen à choix multiple. Multiple-choice exams, multiple-choice test items, multiple-choice test, multiple-choice testing.
Test biologique/Médical :
Tests biologiques/Médicaux
Test d'Ishihara Test d'Apgar
 
Test bilatéral : Tout test statistique qui permet de refuser l'hypothèse nulle (Ho) et donc d'accepter l'hypothèse alternative (H1) selon laquelle le groupe A est différent du groupe B. Différent signifie deux choses : ou bien A < B, ou bien A > B, d'où le préfixe bi qui signifie "deux". Tests unilatéral et bilatéral. = test bidirectionnel ou bicaudale. Two-sided test, two-tailed test.
   
LEVENTHAL, L. & HUYNH, C.-L. (1996). Directional decisions for two-tailed tests : Power, error rates, and sample size. Psychological Methods, 1 (3), 278-292.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test statistique
Test binomial : Test statistique qui permet notamment de comparer au hasard les données des classes d'un échantillon. = modèle de la pièce de monnaie (pile ou face), test dichotomique. Binomial test.
KEMP, K.E. & BUTCHER, D.F. (1972). Methods of analyzing binomial data in a two-factor experiment compared by computer simulation. JRSS, Series C 21 (3). HSU, L.M. (2004). Biases of success rate differences shown in binomial effect display. Psychological Methods, 9 (2), 183-197.
McGARTY, C. (2005). Independence and nonindependence : A simple methods for comparing groups using multiple measures and the binomial test. European Journal of Social Psychology, 35, 171-180.
BUTCHER, D.F. & KEMP, K.E. (1974). Analyzing binomial data in a two-factor experiment with unequal observations per cell. JRSS, Series C 23, 190. LAURENCELLE, L. (2005). Le test binomial exact de la différence entre deux proportions et ses approximations. Lettres Statistiques, 12, 1-14.
WILCOX, R.R. (1978). Estimating true score in the compound binomial error model. Psychometrika, 43, 245-258. ABDI, H. (2007). Binomial distribution : Binomial and sign tests. In N.J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of measurement and statistics. Thousand Oaks (CA) : Sage.
D'AGOSTINO, R.B., CHASE, W. & BELANGER, A. (1988). The appropriateness of some common procedures for testing the equality of two independent binomial populations. American Statistician, 42, 198-202. GOULET, C. (2003). Tutoriel SPSS / Comment faire un test binomial. Montréal : Collège Ahuntsic.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse et Test statistique
Test clinique : Voir Essai clinique. Clinical trial, randomized trial.
Test d'Ishihara : Test chromatique qui permet de diagnostiquer le daltonisme, inventé par le docteur Shinobu Ishihara (1879-1963).
 
Test d'ajustement (Données) : Famille de tests statistiques qui permet de mesurer le degré d'ajustement ou de prédiction d'un modèle statistique à un ensemble de données. Les tests de normalité sont des test d'ajustement d'un modèle statistique particulier, celui de la courbe normale. Test of goodness of fit.
Tests d'ajustement aux données
  Test de Cramer-Von Mises Test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov
 
 
 
ANDERSON, T.W. & DARLING, D.A. (1954). A test of Goodness-of-fit. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 49 (268), 765-769.
Test d'Ammons : Test d'intelligence inventé par Ammons et Ammons qui évalue l'intelligence verbale au moyen de liste de mot. Surtout utilisé auprès des déficients intellectuels. Ammons Quick Test.
 
AMMONS, R.B. & HOLMES, C. (1949). The Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test: III. Results for a Preschool-Age Population. Child Develpment, 20 (1), 5-14. OTTO, W. & McMENEMY, R.A. (1965). An appraisal of the Ammons Quick Test in a remedial reading program. Journal of Educational Measurement, 2 (2), 193-198.
AMMONS, R.B. & HUTH, R.W. (1950). The Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test: I. Preliminary scale. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary & Applied, 28 (1), 151-64. MEDNICK, M.T. (1967). Relationship of the Ammons quick test of intelligence to other ability measures. Psychology Reports, 20 (2), 523-526.
AMMONS, R.B. & RACHIELE, L.D. (1950). The Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test : Ii. Selection of Items for Final Scales 1. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 10 (2), 307-319. MEDNICK, M.T. (1969). Ammons quick test validity among randomly selected referrals. Psychological Reports, 24 (2), 388-390.
AMMONS, R.B., ARNOLD, P.R. & HERMANN, R.S. (1950). The full-range picture vocabulary test : IV. Results for a white school population. Clinical Psychology, 6 (2), 164-169. SEITZ, F.C. & BRAUCHT, G.N. (1971). Ammons' quick test as a measure of adult intelligence in a psychiatric sample. Psychological Reports, 29 (2), 356-358.
AMMONS, R.B., LARSON, W.L. & SHEARN, C.R. (1950). The Full-Range Picture Vocabulary Test : V. Results for an adult population. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 14 (2), 150-155. VANCE, B., HANKINS, N. & BROWN, W. (1986). The Relationship among the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Ammons' Quick Test, and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Assessment for Effectice Intervention, 12 (1), 47-52.
ZAGAR, R.J., KOVACH, J.W., BUSCH, K.G., ZABLOCKI, M.D., OSNOWITZ, W., NEUHENGEN, J., LIU, Y. & ZAGAR, A.K. (2013). Ammons quick test validity among randomly selected referrals. Psychological Reports, 113 (3), 823-854.
 
Voir aussi Test d'intelligence
Test d'anxiété : Test psychologique objectif qui mesure l'anxiété. Test anxiety.
 
ZEIDNER, M. (1991). Test anxiety and aptitude test performance in an actual college admissions testing situation : Temporal considerations. Personality & Individual Differences, 12 (2), 101-109.
ZEIDNER, M. (1998). Test anxiety : The state of the art. New York : Plenum Press.
OOSTDAM, R. & MEIJER, J. (2003). Influence of test anxiety on measurement of intelligence. Psychological Reports, 92, 3-20.
 
Voir aussi Test psychologique objectif
Test d'aperception thématique : TAT : Test projectif, inventé par Morgan et Murray, dans lequel on demande au répondant d'interpréter une série d'illustrations ambiguës mettant en scène des personnes. Thematic Apperception Test.
   
MORGAN, C.D. & MURRAY, H.A. (1935). A method of investigating fantasies : The Thematic Apperception Test. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, 34, 289–306. HOLMSTROM, R.W., SILBER, D.E. & KARP, S.A. (1990). Development of the Apperceptive Personality Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 54 (1-2), 252-264.
MURRAY, H.A. (1938). Explorations in personality. New York : Oxford University Press. WESTEN, D. (1991). Clinical assessment of object relations using the TAT. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 56-74.
HARRISON, R. (1940). Studies in the use and validity of the Thematic Apperception Test with mentally disordered patients. I. A quantitative validity study. Journal of Personality, 9 (2), 122-133. MORGAN, W.G. (1995). Origin and history of the Thematic Apperception Test images. Journal of Personality Assessment, 65, 237-254.
SANFORD, R.N. (1943). Thematic apperception test. CMonographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 8 (1), 258-301.
MURRAY, H.A. (1943). Thematic Apperception Test Manual. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press. HOLT, R.R. (1999). Empiricism and the Thematic Apperception Test : Validity is the payoff. In L. Gieser & M. I. Stein (Eds.), Evocative Images: The Thematic Apperception Test.Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
HARRISON, R. & ROTTER, J.B. (1940). A note on the reliability of the Thematic Apperception Test. The Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 40 (1), 97-99. CRAMER, P. (1999). Future directions for the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 74-92.
HARRISON, R. (1943). The Thematic Apperception and Rorschach methods of personality investigation in clinical practice. The Journal of Psychology : Interdisciplinary & Applied, 15, 49-74. ACKERMAN, S.J., HILSENROTH, M.J., CLEMENCE, A.J., WEATHERILL, R. & FOWLER, J.C. (2001). Convergent validity of Rorschach and TAT scales of object relations. Journal of Personality Assesment, 77, 295-306.
 lien TOMKINS, S.S. (1947). The thematic apperception test. A theory and technique of interpretation. New York USA : Grune & Stratton. HIBBARD, S., MITCHELL, D. & PORCERELLI, J. (2001). Internal consistency of the object relations and social cognition scales for the thematic apperception test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77 (3), 408-419.
ERON, L.D. (1950). A normative study of the Thematic Apperception Test. Psychological Monographs : General & Applied, 64 (9), 1-48. PICA, M. (2001). The responses of dissociative patients on the Thematic Apperception Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 847-864.
SEN, A. (1953). A preliminary study of the Thematic Apperception Test. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 6, 91-100.
WINCH, R.F. & MORE, D.M. (1956). Does TAT add information to interviews ? Statistical analysis of the increment. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12, 316-321. ARONOW, E., WEISS, K.A. & REZINKOFF, M. (2001). A Practical Guide to the Thematic Apperception Test. Philadelphia : Brunner Routledge.
REZNIKOFF, M. (1961). Social desirability in TAT themes. Journal of Projective Techniques, 25, 87-89.
HARRISON, R. (1965). Thematic apperception methods. In B.B. Wilman (Ed.), Handbook of clinical psychology. New York : McGraw-Hil.
VANE, J.R. (1981). The Thematic Apperception test : A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 1 (3), 319-336. LANGAN-FOX, J. & GRANT, S. (2006). The Thematic Apperception Test : Toward a standard measure of the big three motives. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 277-291.
FENZ, W.D. & EPSTEIN, S. (1962). Measurement of approach-avoidance conflict by a stimulus dimension in a test of thematic apperception. Journal of Personality, 30, 613-632. EURELINGS-BONTEKOE, E., ZWINKELS, K., SCHAAP-JONKER, H. & EDREDI, M. (2011). Formal characteristics of Thematic Apperception Test narratives of adult patients with an autism spectrum disorder. A preliminary study. Psycholoogy, 2 (7), 687-693. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test projectif
Test d'Apgar : Test inventé par Apgar en 1952, pour évaluer l'état d'un nouveau-né, ses signes vitaux. Le mot Apgar est un acronyme pour : Apparence (coloration), Pouls (fréquence cardiaque), Grimace (réflexe à l'irritation), Activité (tonus musculaire) et Respiration. = score d'Apgar.
 
Valeur Apparence
(Coloration)
Pouls
(Fréquence cardiaque)
Grimace
(Réflexe à l'irritation ou réactivité)
Activité
(Tonus musculaire)
Respiration
0 Corps bleu (cyanose) ou gris Absente Aucune Flasque ou Faible Absente
1 Extrémité des membres bleutées < 100 Faible grimace Flexion des membres Irrégulière
2 Rose > 100 Réaction vive de l'ensemble du visage Grande activité Régulière
 
Voir aussi Nouveau-né et Apgar
Test d'aptitude : ( ): SAT.
 
Test d'association implicite : TAI : Test psychologique objectif d'évaluation des attitudes. Implicit Association Test.
GREENWALD, A.G., McGHEE, D.E. & SCHWARTZ, J.L.K. (1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition : The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 74 (6), 1464-1480. [PDF]
GREENWALD, A.G. & FARNHAM, S.D. (2000). Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 79 (6), 1022-1038. [PDF]
GREENWALD, A.G. & NOSEK, B.A. (2001). Health of the Implicit Association Test at age 3. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 48 (2), 85-93. [PDF]
ROTHERMUND, K. & WENTURA, D. (2001). Figure-ground asymmetries in the Implicit Association Test. Zeitschrift fur Experimentelle Psychologie, 48 (2), 94-106. [PDF]
GREENWALD, A.G., NOSEK, B.A. & BANAJI, M.R. (2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test : I. An Improved Scoring Algorithm. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 85 (2), 197-216. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Mesure des attitudes
Test d'évaluation des fonctions cognitives de Montréal (MoCA) : Test, inventé par Nasreddine, qui permet d'évaluer l'existence d'un trouble neuro-cognitif (démence). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), MoCA test Full.
 
NASREDDINE, Z.S., PHILLIPS, N.A., BÉDIRIAN, V., CHARBONNEAU, S., WHITEHEAD, V., COLLIN, I., CUMMINGS, L. & CHERTKOW, H. (2005). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA : a brief screenig tool for mild cognitive impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53 (4), 695-699. WITTICH, W., PHILLIPS, N., WITTICH, W, PHILLIPS, N., NASREDDINE Z.S. & CHERTOW, H. (2010). Sensitivity and specificity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment modified for individuals who are visually impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104 (6), 360-368.
OLSON, R.A., CHHANABHAI, T. & MCKENZIE, M. (2008). Feasibility study of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in patients with brain metastases. Supportive Care in Cancer : Official Journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 16 (11), 1273-1278. DALRYMPLE-ALFORD, J.C., MACASKILL, M.R., NAKAS, C.T. & LIVINGSTON, L. (2010). The MoCA : well-suited screen for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 75 (19), 1717-1725.
LUIS, C.A., KEEGAN, A.P. & MULLAN, M. (2009). Cross validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in community dwelling older adults residing in the Southeastern US. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24 (2), 197-201. VIDENOVIC, A., BERNARD, B., FAN, W., JAGLIN, J., LEURGANS, S. & SHANNON, K.M. (2010). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment as a screening tool for cognitive dysfunction in Huntington's disease. Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 25 (3), 401-404.
HOOPS, S., NAZEM, S., SIDEROWF, A.D., DUDA, E., XIE, S.X., STERN, M.B. & WIENTRAUB, D. (2009). Validity of the MoCA and MMSE in the detection of MCI and dementia in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 73 (21), 1738-1745. [PDF] FUJIWARA, Y., SUZUKI, H., MASASHI YASUNAGA, M. & SUGIYAMA, M. (2010). Brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese : validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Geriatrics & Gerontology International, 10 (3), 225-232.
JULAYANONOT, P., PHILLIPS, N., CHERTKOW, H. & NASREDDINE, Z.S. (2012). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) : Concept and clinical review. In A.J. Larner (Ed.), Cognitive screening instruments : A practical approach (pp. 111-152). Springer-Verlag. [PDF]
PENDLEBURY, S.T., WELCH, S.J.V., CUTHBERTSON, F.C., MARIZ, J., MEHTA, Z. & ROTHWELL, P.M. (2013). Telephone assessment of cognition after transient ischemic attack and stroke : modified telephone interview of cognitive status and Telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment versus face-to-face Montreal Cognitive Assessment and neuropsychological battery. Stroke, 44 (1), 227-279. [PDF]
WONG, A., XIONG, Y.Y., KWAN, P.W., CHAN, A.Y., LAM, W.W., WANG, K., CHU, W.C., NYENHUIS, D.L., NASREDDINE, Z.S, WONG, L.K. & MOK, V.C. (2009). The validity, reliability and clinical utility of the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Dementia & Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 28 (1), 81-87. TU, Q.Y., JIN, H., DING, B.R., YANG, X., LEI, Z.H., BAI, S. & TANG, X.Q. (2013). Reliability, validity, and optimal cutoff score of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (Changsha version) in ischemic cerebrovascular disease patients of Hunan Province, China. Dementia & Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, 3 (1), 25-36. [PDF]
DAVIS, D.H.J., CREAVIN, S.T., YIP, J.L.Y., NOEL-STORR, A.H., BRAYNE, C. & CULLUM, S. (2016). Montreal Cognitive Assessment for the diagnosisof Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 10.
 
Voir aussi Test psychologique et Test du mini-mental
Test d'habiletés mentales de Terman-McMenar : Test d'intelligence développé en 1941 par Terman et McMenar. Terman-McNemar Test of Mental Ability.
 
TERMAN, L.M. & McNEMAR, Q. (1941). Terman-McNemar Test of Mental Ability : Grades 7-12. Harcourt Brace & world.
TYLER, F.T. (1945). Analysis of the Terman-McNemar Tests of Mental Ability. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 5 (1), 49-58.
Test d'homogénéité : Test of homogeneity.
 
CAMILLI, G. (1990). The test of homogeneity for 2 X 2 contingency tables : A review of and some personal opinions on the controversy. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 135-145.
Test d'hypothèse : Ensemble de tests statistiques conçu, selon Neyman et Pearson, pour vérifier l'hypothèse statistique d'une recherche (en rejetant ou non l'hypothèse nulle et en acceptant par défaut l'hpothèse alternative). Pour ce faire, on compare la valeur P du test au seuil de signification fixé par le chercheur (souvent 5 %). Un bon test statistique est robuste et puissant. Les tests infèrent l'existence d'une cause ou d'un déterminisme en comparant les résultats d'une recherche aux lois du hasard, donc en inférant que les réusultats d'un échantillon peuvent être généraliser à l'ensemble de la population. EX: Test t. = test de signification, test de comparaison. Hypothesis testing, significance test, test of signifiance.
Comparaison Décision/Conclusion Bonne conclusion
Mauvaise conclusion
La valeur P d'un test est supérieure au seuil de signification Je ne rejette pas l'hypothèse nulle... Il n'y a donc pas de différence significative entre A et B
A = B
La valeur P d'un test est inférieure au seuil de signification Je rejette l'hypothèse nulle... Alors j'accepte l'hypothèse alternative : il y a une différence significative entre A et B
 

Type Notation Rôle
Hypothèse nulle A = B Hypothèse que le chercheur tente de rejeter
Hypothèse alternative Unilatérale A > B ou A < B Hypothèse que le chercheur souhaite généralement vérifier
Bilatérale A B
 
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McCLURE, J. & SUEN, H.K. (1994). Interpretation of statistical significance testing : A matter of perspective. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 14, 88-100. LEVINE, T.R., WEBER, R., HULLETT, C., PARK, H.S. & MASSI-LINDSAY, L.L. (2008). A critical assessment of null hypothesis significance testing in quantitative communication research. Human Communication Research, 34, 171-187. [PDF]
APA (1996). Board of scientific affairs : Task force on statistical inference initial report. KESELMAN, H.J., AALGINA, J., LIX, L.M., WILCOX, R.R. & DEERING, K.N. (2008). A generally robust approach for testing hypotheses and setting confidence intervals for effect sizes. Psychological Methods, 13, 110-129. [PDF]
 BERGER, J.O., BROWN, L.D. & WOLPERT, R.L. (1994). A unified conditional frequentist and Bayesian test for fixed and sequential simple hypothesis testing. The Annals of Statistics, 22, 1787-1807. [PDF] BALLUERKA, N., IRAETA, A.I.V. & GRAS, J.A. (2009). Calculating the main alternatives to null-hypothesis-significance testing in between-subject experimental designs. Psicothema, 21 (1), 141-151. [PDF]
SEDLMEIER, P. (2009). Beyond the significance test ritual. What is there ? Zeitschrift für Psychologie /Journal of Psychology, 217 (1), 1-5. [PDF]
THOMPSON, B. (1996). AERA editorial policies regarding statistical significance testing : Three suggested reforms. Educational Researcher, 25 (2), 26-30. BOURQUE, J., BLAIS, J. et LAROSE, F. (2009). L'interprétation des tests d'hypothèses : p, la taille de l'effet et la puissance. Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation, 35 (1), 211-226. [PDF]
FRICK, R.W. (1996). The appropriate use of null hypothesis testing. Psychological Methods, 1 (4), 379-390. [PDF] MBENGUE, A. (2010). Faut-il brûler les tests de signification statistique ? M@N@Gement, 13, 100-127. [PDF]
KIRK, R.E. (1996). Practical significance : A concept whose time has come. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 56, 746-759. KESELMAN, H.J., MILLER, C.W. & HOLLAND, B. (2011). Many tests of significance : new methods for controlling type I errors. Psychological Methods, 16, 420-431. [PDF]
SCHIMDT, F. (1996). Statistical significance testing and cumulative knowledge in psychology : Implications for the training of researchers. Psychological Methods, 1 (2), 115-129. [PDF] FILHO, D.B.F., PARANHOS, R., DA ROCHA, E.C., BATISTA, M. DA SILVA, J.E., SANTOS, M.L.W. & MARINO, J.G. (2013). When is statistical significance not signicant ? Brazilian Political Science Review, 7 (1), 31-55. [PDF]

THOMPSON, B. (2014). The use of statistical significance tests in research. The Journal of Experimental Education, 61 (4), 361-377.
BENJAMIN, D.J., BERGER, J.O., JOHANNESSON, M., NOSEK, B.A., WAGENMAKERS, E.J., BERK, R., CESARINI, D. ET al. (2017). Redefine statistical significance. Nature Human Behaviour, 2, 6-10. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse, Seuil de signification, Hypothèse statistique et Vérification d'une hypothèse
Test d'hypothèse (Puissance) : Voir Test statistique (puissance). Statistical power.
Test d'intégrité : Integrity test.
 
CAMERA, W. & SCHNEIDER, D.L. (1994). Integrity tests : Facts and unresolved issues. American Psychologist, 49, 112-119.
Test d'intelligence : Voir Intelligence (Test). Intelligence test, IQ test, Mental test.
Test de Asch : Voir Tâche de jugement de Asch. Asch's line judgment task.
Test de Barbeau-Pinard : Test d'intelligence inventé par Barbeau et Pinard.
 
BARBEAU, G. & PINARD, A. (1951-1963). Épreuve individuelle d'intelligence globale. Montréal : Le Centre de Psychologie et de Pédagogie.
GORETTI, M. (1961). L'épreuve individuelle d'intelligence générale de Barbeau et Pinard : étude sur l'administration collective de quatre-sous-tests verbaux. Québec : Université Laval.

Voir aussi Barbeau et Pinard
Test de Bartlett : Test statistique visant à comparer l'homoscédascité de deux échantillons. Il permet d'estimer si les différentes sous-catégories d'une variable de distribution normale ont la même variance. Bartlett test.
 
BARTLETT, M.S. (1937). Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Proceedings of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 160, 268-282.
KNAPP, T.R. & SWOYER, V.H. (1967). Some empirical results concerning the power of Bartlett's test of the significance of a correlation matrix. American Educational Research Journal, 4, 13-17.
DYER, D. & KEATING,P. (1980). On the determinationf of critical values for Bartlett's test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, 313-319.

Voir aussi Test statistique
Test de Binet-Simon : Premier test d'intelligence, inventée en 1905 par Binet et Simon. = test d'intelligence Binet-Simon, le Binet-Simon, échelle métrique d'intelligence. Binet-Simon.
 
BOAKE, C. (2002). From the Binet-Simon to the Wechsler-Bellevue: Tracking the history of intelligence testing. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 24, 383-405.

Voir aussi Binet, Simon et d'intelligence
Test de Cochran : Test statistique non-paramétrique d'analyse des données binaires développé par Cochran. Il permet de tester l'hypothèse que k échantillons appariés de fréquences ou de proportions proviennent de la même population. Cochran Q-test.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de comparaison : Test statistique qui permet de comparer l'homoscédascité de deux échantillons. Il permet d'estimer si les différentes sous-catégories d'une variable de distribution normale ont la même variance. Bartlett test.
   
Voir aussi Test statistique et Homoscédascité
Tests de conformité : Tests of goodness of fit.
 
ANSCOMBE, F. (1963). Tests of goodness of fit. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 25, 81-94.
Test/Tableau de contingence : Tableau croisé à double entrée montrant la relation entre deux variables qualitatives nominales (ou plus). = coefficient de contingence. Contingency table.

 
FISHER, R. A. (1922). On the interpretation of x2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 87-94.
YULE, G.U. (1923). On the application of the khi-deux method to association and contingency tables, with experimental illustrations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 95-104.
YATES, F. (1934). Contingency table involving small numbers and the ?2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1 (2), 217-235.
SIMPSON, E.H. (1951). The interpretation of interaction in contingency tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 13 (2), 238-241.
BIRCH, M.W. (1963). Maximum likelihood in three-way contingency tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 25 (1), 220-233.
LAURENCELLE, L. (2007). Les tableaux de fréquences 2 X 2 et leur traitement statistique. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3, 14-25.
GOULET, C. (2003). Tutoriel SPSS/Comment calculer un coefficient de contingence. Montréal : Collège Ahuntsic.
 
Voir aussi Variable qualitative nominale et Coefficient de contingence
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaétan Morin.  
Test de continuité de Yates : Yates continuity correction.
 
CONOVER, W.J. (1974). Some reasons for not using the Yates continuity correction on 2 x 2 Contingency Tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, 374-382.
Test de corrélation : Test statistique développé par Pearsons, à partir du concept de variation proposé par Galton, qui permet de mesurer l'intensité d'un lien linéaire entre deux ou plusieurs variables quantitatives (= corrélation). = corrélation de Pearson, coefficient R. Correlation.
 
FISHER, R.A. (1921). On the "probable error" of a coefficient of correlation deduced from a small sample. Metron, 4, 1-32.
GOULET, C. (2003). Tutoriel SPSS/Comment calculer un coefficient de corrélation. Montréal : Collège Ahuntsic.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Corrélation et Test statistique
Test de Cramer-Von Mises : Test d'ajustement. Cramer Von Mises criterion.
 
SMIRNOV, N.V. (1959). On the Cramer-Von Mises criterion. Uspekhi Matematicheskikh Nauk, 14, 196-197.
 
Voir aussi Test d'ajustement
Test de dépression : Voir Mesure et évaluation de la dépression.
 
Voir aussi Mesure et évaluation de la dépression
Test de différence d'aptitude : Ensemble de tests psychologiques qui permettent de mesurer les différences d'aptitude. DAT.
 
Voir aussi Aptitude
Test de dépistage des retards de développement : Cette famille de tests psychologiques confie aux parents le soin de dépister les retards de développement de leurs enfants. ( ): Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS). Developmental Screening Test, screening for developmental delay.
 
GLASCOE, F.P., MARTIN, E.D. & HUMPHREY, S. (1999). A comparative review of developmental screening tests. Pediatric, 86, 547-554.
SQUIRES, J., BRICKER, D. & POTTER, L. (1997). Revision of a parent-completed development screening tool : Ages and Stages Questionnaires. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22, 313-328.
GLASCOE, F.P. (1999). The validation and standardization of Parents' Evaluations of Developmental Status. Diagnostique, 23, 185-203.
MALHI, P. & SINGH, P. (2002). Role of Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status in detecting developmental delay in young children. Indian Pediatrics, 39, 271-275.
BROTHERS, K.B., GLASCOE, F.P. & ROBERTSHAW, N.S. (2008). PEDS : developmental milestones - an accurate brief tool for surveillance and screening. Clinical Pediatrics, 47, 271-279.
LIMBOS, M.M. & JOYCE, D.P. (2011). Comparison of the ASQ and PEDS in screening for developmental delay in children presenting for primary care. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 32 (7), 1-13. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test psychologique
Test de Duncan : Test statistique post-hoc de l'analyse de la variance (ANOVA) élaboré par Duncan. Duncan's new multiple range test.
 
DUNCAN, D.B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11 (1), 1-42.

Voir aussi Duncan et Test statistique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de Dunnett :  Test statistique post-hoc de l'analyse de la variance (ANOVA) élaboré par Dunnett
 
DUNNETT, C.W. (1955). A multiple comparisons procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 50, 1096-1121.
DUNNETT, C.W. (1964). New tables for multiple comparisons with a control. Biometrics, 20 (3), 482-491.

Voir aussi Dunnett et Test statistique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de Fisher-Yates : Test statistique non-paramétrique.
 
YATES, F. (1934). Contingency tables involving small numbers and the X2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1, (S), 217-235.
Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de Fligner-Kileen : Test statistique non-paramétrique de comparaison de variances pour la sous-catégorie des variables continues. Fligner-Killeen test.
 
FLIGNER, M.A. & KILLEEN, T.J. (1976). Distribution-free two sampls tests for scale. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71 (353), 210-213.
Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de frustration de Rosenzweig : P-F : Test projectif, inventé par Rosenzweig, qui comporte 24 mises en situation mettant en scène deux personnages et des phylactères que le répondant doit remplir pour donner un sens à ce qu'il voit. Rosenzweig Picture Frustration (P-F).
 
ROSENZWEIG, S. (1945). The picture-association method and its application in a study of reactions to frustration. Journal of Personality, 14 (1), 3-23. ROSENZWEIG, S. & ROSENZWEIG, L. (1952). Aggression in problem children and normals as evaluated by the Rosenzweig P-F Study. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 47 (3), 683-687.
CLARKE, H.J. & ROSENZWEIG, S. (1945). The reliability of the scoring of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3 (4), 364-370. LINDZEY, G. & GOLDWYN, R.M. (1954). Validity of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. Journal of Personality, 22 (4), 519-547.
ROSENZWEIG, S. (1945). Frustration tolerance and the picture frustration study. Psychological Service Center Journal, 2, 109-115. PICHOT, P.et DANJON, S. (1955). La fidélité du test de frustration de Rosenzweig. Revue de Psychologie Appliquée, 5, 1-11.
ROSENZWEIG, S., CLARKE, H.J., GARFIELD, M.S. & LENDORFF, A. (1946). Scoring Samples for the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. The Journal of Psychology : Interdisciplinary & Applied, 21 (1), 45-72. PAREEK, U.N. (1958). Reliability of the Indian adaptation of scoring of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (children's form). Journal of the Psychologial Researches, 2, 18-23.
ROSENZWEIG, S., FLEMING, E.E. & CLARKE, H.J. (1947). Revised scoring manual for the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied, 24 (2), 165-208. ROSENZWEIG, S. (1960). Rosenzweig Picture Frustration (P-F) Study children's form. In A.I. Rabin & M. Haworth (Eds.),Projective technique with children (pp. 149-176). New York : Grune & Stratton.
CLARKE, H.J., FLEMING, E.E. & ROSENZWEIG, S. (1947). The reliability of the scoring of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3, 364-370. ROSENZWEIG, S., LUDWIG, D.J. & ADELMAN, S. (1975). Retest reliability of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study and similar semiprojective techniques. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39 (1), 3-12.
ROSENZWEIG, S., FLEMING, E.E. & ROSENZWEIG, L. (1948). The children's form of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. The Journal of Psychology : Interdisciplinary & Applied, 26 (1), 141-191. ROSENZWEIG, S. (1976). Aggressive behavior and the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration (P-F) study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32 (4), 885-891.
BERNARD, J. (1949). The Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration evaluation. The Journal of Psychology : Interdisciplinary & Applied, 28 (2), 325-332. ROSENZWEIG, S. & ADELMAN, S. (1977). Construct validity of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41 (6), 578-588.
ROSENZWEIG, S. (1950). Levels of behavior in psychodiagnosis with special reference to the Picture-Frustration Study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 20, 63-72. ROSENZWEIG, S. (1978). An investigation of the reliablitiy of the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration (P-F) Study children's form. Journal of Personality Assessment, 42, 483-488.
LINDZEY, G. (1950). An experimental test of the validity of Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. Journal of Personality, 18, (3), 315-320. ROSENZWEIG, S. (1978). Aggresive behavior and the Rosenzweig Picture Frustration (P-F) Study. New York : praeger.
ROSENZWEIG, S. (1950). Revised norms for the adult form of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study. Journal of Personality, 18 (3), 344-346 ROSENZWEIG, S. (1978). The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration (P-F) Study. St. Louis : Rana House.
Voir aussi Rosenzweig et Test projectif
Test de Hue : Test of hue memory.
 
BURNHAM, R.W. & CLARKE, J.R. (1955). A test of hue memory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 39 (3), 164-172.
Test de Jarque-Bera : Test statistique de normalité. Test for normality.
 
JARQUE C.M. & BERA, A.K. (1987). A test for normality of observations and regression residuals. International Statistical Review, 55, 163-172.

Voir aussi Test statistique de normalité
Test de Kappa : Voir Kappa (Coefficient). kappa coefficient, k statistic.
Test de Klotz : Test statistique non-paramétriquequi consiste à comparer K échantillons indépendants. Klotz scale test.
 
KLOTZ, J. (1962). Nonparametric tests for scale.The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 33 (2), 498-512. [PDF]
KARAMAN, F. (2009). Generalisation of Klotz'S test. Journal of applied Sciences, 9 (16), 2916-2924. [PDF]

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov : Test statistique de normalité développé par Smirnov. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, K-S test.
 
SMIRNOV, N.V. (1939). Estimate of deviation between empirical distribution function in two independent samples. Bulletin Mathématique de Mouscou, 2 (2), 3-16.
SMIRNOV, N.V. (1948). Table for estimating the goodneess of fit of empirical distributions. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 19, 279-281
GOODMAN, L.A. (1954). Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for psychological research. Psychological Bulletin, 51 (2), 160-168.
FASANO, G. & FRANCESCHINI, A. (1987). A multidimensional version of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 225, 155-170.
HASSANI, H. & SIRIMAL-SILVA, E. (2015). A Kolmogorov-Smirnov based test for comparing the predictive accuracy of two sets of forecasts. Econometrics, 3, 590-609. [PDF]
MAGEL, R.C. & WIBOWO, S.H. (1997). Comparing the powers of the Wald-Wolfowitz and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Biometrical Journal, 39 (6), 665-675.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Smirnov et Statistique de normalité
Test de Kruskal-Wallis : Test statistique non-paramétrique développé par Kruskal et Wallis. Il est utilisé lorsqu'il faut décider si k échantillons indépendants sont issus de la même population. Il permet aussi de comparer la moyenne des rangs des données de groupes indépendants. Test de Kruskal-Wallis et test de Friedman. = ANOVA univariée sur les rangs, Anova avec données ordinales. Kruskal-Wallis 1 way anova.
 
KRUSKAL, W. & WALLIS, W.A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47 (260), 583-621.
RUXTON, G.D. & BEAUCHAMP, G. (2008). Some suggestions about appropriate use of the Kruskal-Wallis test. Animal Behaviour, 76, 1083-1087.
 
Voir aussi Kruskal et Wallis et Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.  
Test de Kuiper : Test statistique non-paramétrique. = V de Kuiper. Kuiper's test.
   
KUIPER N. H. (1960). Tests concerning random points on a circle. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series A. 63, 38–47.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de la médiane : Test paramétrique. Median test.
   
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test paramétrique
Test de la falaise visuelle : Voir Falaise visuelle. Visual cliff.
Test de la personnalité : Ensemble de tests objectifs et projectifs qui permet d'évaluer les diverses facettes de la personnalité, ainsi que leurs troubles. ( ): Voir ci-dessous. Personality scale, personality test, personality Inventory.
Test de personnalité
Test objectif Test projectif
16 PF Test d'Aperception Thématique (TAT)
Échelle F Test de Rorschach
MMPI  
Inventaire de la personnalité d'Eysenk  
Test de personnalité d'Eysenk  
Test de personnalité d'Inwald (IPI)
 
Test de personnalité de Woodworth  

 
 
CATTELL, R.B. (1952). Objective personality tests : A reply to Dr. Eysenck. Occupational Psychology, 38, 69-86.
MEEHL, P.E. (1945). The dynamics of "structured" personality tests. In L.D. Goodstein & R.I. Lanyon (Eds.), Readings in personality assessment (pp. 245-253). New York : Wiley. [PDF]
GOLDBERG, L.R. (1971). A historical survey of personality scales and inventories. In P. McReynolds (Ed.), Advances in psychological assessment (Vol. 2, pp. 293-336). Palo Alto, CA : Science and Behavior Books.
WEISS, P. & INWALD, R. (2008). Brief history of personality assessment in Police Psychology : 1916–2008. Journal of Police & Criminal Psychology, 33 (2),


Voir aussi Tests objectifs et projectifs
Test de personnalité d'Eysenk : Test de la personnalité développé par Eysenk pour évaluer deux traits de personnalité, Extraversion/Intraversion et Stabilité émotionnelle/Névrotisme. Test de la personnalité d'Eysenk et inventaire de la personnailté d'Eysenk. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, EPQ.
 
EYSENK, H.J. & EYSENK, S.B.G. (1975). Manual for the Eysenk Personality Questionnaire. San Diego : Educational and Indistrial Testing Service. FORREST, S., LEWIS, C.A. & SHEVLIN, M. (2000). Examining the factor structure and differential functioning of the Eysenck personality questionnaire revised - abbreviated. Personality & Individual Differences 29 (3), 579-588.
LOO, R. (1979). A psychometric investigation of the Eysenk Personality QUestionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 43, 54-58. CARUSO, J.C., WITKIEWITZ, K., BELCOURT-DITTLOFF, A. & GOTTLIEB, J.D. (2001). Reliability of scores from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire : A reliability generalization study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 61 (4), 675-689.
BARRETT, P.T. & KLINE, P. (1980) Personality factors in the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Personality & Individual Differences, 1, 317-333. [PDF] LEWIS, C.A., FRANCIS, L.J., SHEVLIN, N. & FORREST, S. (2002). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the French Translation of the Abbreviated Form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18, 179-185.
LOO, R. & SHIOMI, K. (1983). Extreme samples on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Psychoticism Scale. Social Behavior & Personality : An international journal, 11 (2), 29-32. SHEVLIN, M., BAILEY, F. & ADAMSON, G. (2002). Examining the factor structure and sources of differential functioning of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised -Abbreviated. Personality & Individual Differences, 32 (3), 479-487.
ROCKLIN, T. & REVELLE, W. (1983). The measurement of extroversion : A comparison of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. British Journal of Social Psychology, 20 (4), 279-284. [PDF] SATO, T. (2005). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Brief Version : factor structure and reliability. The Journal of Psychology, 139 (6), 545-552.
BARRETT, P.T., BARRETT, P.T., PETRIDES, K.V., EYSENK, S.B.G. & EYSENK, H.J. (1998). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire : an examination of the factorial similarity of P, E, N, and L across 23 countries. Personality & Individual Differences, 25, 805-819. [PDF] ROY, A. (2012). The short-form of the revised junior Eysenck personality questionnaire : A Bengali edition. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 21 (2), 115-118.
 
Voir aussi Eysenk et Inventaire de la personnalité d'Eysenk

Test de personnalité de Inwald : IPI : Test de la personnalité développé en 1980 par Inwald pour évaluer les troubles de personnalité, liés aux métiers qui assurent la sécurité publique (police, militaire, gardien de sécurité, etc). Inwald Personality Test, IPT.



SHUSMAN, E.,INWALD R. & LANDA, B. (1984). Correction officer job performance as
predicted by the IPI and MMPI : A validation and cross-validation study. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 11, 309-329.

CORTINA, J.M., DOHERTY, M.L., SCHMITT, N., KAUFMAN, G. & SMITH, R.G. (1992). The "big five" personality factors in the IPI and MMPI : Predictors of police performance. Personnel Psychology, 45, 119-141.

KNATZ, H., INWALD, R., BROCKWELL, A. & TRAN, L. (1992). IPI and MMPI predictions of
counterproductive job behaviors by racial group. Journal of Business and Psychology Test Validity Yearbook, 7, 189-201.

INWALD, R. & GEBBIA, M. (1993). Confirmation of the utility of the IPI with same-sex norms. Hilson Research, Inc.

MUFSON, D. & MUFSON, M. (1998). Predicting police officer performance using the
Inwald Personality Inventory : An illustration from Appalachia. Professional Psychology: Research & Practice, 29, 59-62.


  Voir aussi Inwald
Test de personnalité (névrotique) de Woodworth : Test de la personnalité développé en 1920 par Woodworth pour évaluer les troubles de personnalité. Il contient 116 questions auxquelles on répond oui/non. Woodworth Personal Data Sheet.
 
GARRETT, H.E. & SCHNECK, M.R. (1928). A study of the discriminative value of the Woodworth Personal Data Sheet. The Journal of General Psychology, 1 (3-4), 459-471.
PAPURT, M.J. (1930). A study of the Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory with suggested revision. The Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 25 (3), 335.
PESCOR, M.J. (1934). The Woodworth Personal Data Sheet as applied to delinquents. Public Health Reports, 49 (38), 1111-1115.

Voir aussi Woodworth
Test de lecture : Forme d'examen composé de questions à choix multiples ou de questions ouvertes, qui permet d'évaluer les apprentissages réalisées grâce aux lectures faites dans le cadre d'un cours, d'une formation. Le test peut se faire en classe ou à la maison via internet. Test de lecture, examen et jeu questionnaire. Quizz, quizzes on the Web, nettest, out-of-class quizzes internet quizzes, online study question.
 
CLASS, E.C. (1935). The effect of test announcement on students preparation. Journal of Educational Research, 28, 358-361. WHITE, R.J. & HAMMER, C.A. (2000). Quiz-o-Matic : A free Web-based tool for construction of self-scoring on-line quizzes. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 32 (2), 250-253. [PDF]
THORNE, B.M. (2000). Extra credit exercise : A painless pop quiz. Teaching of Psychology, 27, 204-205.
FITCH, M.L., DRUCKER, A.J. & NORTON, J.A. (1951). Frequent testing as a motivating factor in large lecture classes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 42, 1-20. CONNOR-GRENE, P.A. (2000). Assessing and promoting student learning : Blurring the line between teaching and testing. Teaching of Psychology, 27 (2), 84-88.
STANDLEE, L.S. & PASHAN, W.J. (1960). "Quizzes" contribution to learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 51, 322-325. BROTHEN, T. & WAMBACH, C. (2001). Effective student use of computerized quizzes. Teaching of Psychology, 28 (4), 292-294.
OLSEN, R.E., WEBER, L.J. & DORNER, J.L. (1968). Quizzes as teaching aids. Journal of Medical Education, 43, 941-942. WILDER, D.A., FLOOD, W.A & STROMESNES, W. (2001). The use of random extra credit quizzes to increase student attendance. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 28, 117-120.
MAWHINNEY, V.T., BOSTOW, D.E., LAWS, D.R., BLUMENFELD, G.J. & HOPKINS, B.J. (1971). A comparison of students studying behavior produced by daily, weekly, and three week testing schedules. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 4 (4), 257-264. [PDF] MAKI, W.S. & MAKI, R.H. (2001). Mastery quizzes on the Web : Results from a Web-based introductory psychology course. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 33, 212-216.
MARTIN, R.R. & SRIKAMESWARAN, K. (1974). Correlation between frequent testing and student performance. Journal of Chemical Education, 51, (7), 485-486. ZHANG, J., COOLEY, D.H. & NI, Y. (2001). NetTest : An integrated web-based test tool. International Journal of Educational Telecommunication, 7, 33-55.
TOWNSEND, N.R. & WHEATLEY, G.H. (1975). Analysis of frequency of tests and varying feedback delays in college mathematics achievement. College Student Journal, 9, 32-36. RUSCIO, J. (2001). Administering quizzes at random to increase students' reading. Teaching of Psychology, 28 (3), 204-206. [PDF]
GEIGER, O.G. & BOSTOW, D.E. (1976). Contingency-managed college instruction : Effects of weekly quizzes on performance on examination. Psychological Reports, 39, 707-710. MARCHANT, G.J. (2002). Student reading of assigned articles : Will this be on the test ? Teaching of Psychology, 29, 49-51.
PECKHAM, P.D. & ROE M.D. (1977). The effects of frequent testing. The Journal of Research & Development in Education, 10, 40-50. RAYMARK, P.H. & CONNOR-GREENE, P.A. (2002). The syllabus quiz. Teaching of Psychology, 29 (4), 286.
LEE-SAMMONS, W.H. & WOLLEN, K.A. (1989). Computerized practice tests and effects on in-class exams. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 21, 189-194. ESTEELE, J.E. (2003). Effect of essay-style lecture quizzes on student performance on anatomy and physiology exams. Bioscene, 29 (4), 15-20. [PDF]
ANDERSON, J.E. (1984). Frequency of quizzes in a behavioral science course: An attempt to increase medical student study behavior. Teaching of Psychology, 11, 34. DESOUZA, E. & FLEMING, M. (2003). A comparison of in-class vs. online quizzes on student exam performance. Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 14 (2), 121-134.
ROEDIGER, H.L. & BLAXTON, T.A. (1985). Testing psychological trivia. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 23, 433-436. [PDF] BROTHEN, T. & WAMBACH, C. (2004). The value of time limits on internet quizzes. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 62-64.[PDF]
DANIEL, D.B. & BROIDA, J. (2004). Using web-based quizzing to improve exam performance : Lessons learned. Teaching of Psychology, 31, 207-208.
FERNALD, P. (2004). The Monte Carlo quiz : Encouraging punctual completion and deep processing of assigned readings. College Teaching, 52, 95-99. [PDF]
LANDRUM, R.E. (1992). Students' perceptions of the effects of test delays. College Student Journal, 26 (3), 87-389. KOUYOUMDJIAN, H. (2004). Influence of unannounced quizzes and cumulative exam on attendance and study behavior. Teaching of Psychology, 31 (2), 110.
NARLOCH, R., GARBIN, C.P. & TURNAGE, K.D. (2006). Benefits of prelecture quizzes. Teaching of Psychology, 33, 109-112.
BURNS, D.J. & VINCHUR, A.J. (1992). Effects of evaluative quizzes on test performance. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19, 148-154. URTEL, M.G., BAHAMONDE, R.E., MIKESKY, A.E., UDRY, E.M. & VESSELY, J.S. (2006). On-line quizzing and its effect on student engagement and academic performance. Journal of Scholarship of Teaching & Learning, 6 (2), 84-92. [PDF]
KERKMAN, D., KELLISON, K., PINON, M., SCHIMDT, D. & LEWIS, S. (1994). The quiz game : Writing and explaining questions improve quiz scores. Teaching of Psychology, 21 (2), 104-106. MCDANIEL, M.A., ANDERSON, J.L., DERBISH, M.H. & MORRISETTE, N. (2007). Testing the testing effect in the classroom. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 19, 494-513.
EHRLICH, R. (1995). Giving a quiz every lecture. The Physics Teacher, 33, 378-379. CLAYTON, M.C. & WOODARD, C. (2007). The effects of response cards on participation and weekly quiz scores of university students enrolled in introductory psychology courses. Journal of Behavioral Education, 16, 250-258.
IFERT-JOHNSON, D. (2007). Using out-of-class quizzes to promote cognitive engagement. Communication Teacher, 21 (2), 35-38.
PADILLA-WALKER, L.M. (2007). The impact of daily extra credit quizzes on exam performance. Teaching of Psychology, 33 (4), 236.
MARCELL, M. (2008). Effectiveness of regular online quizzing in increasing class participation and preparation. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning, 2 (1), 1-9. [PDF] + [PDF]
NARLOCH, R., GARBIN, C.P. & TURNAGE, K.D. (2007). Benefits of prelecture quizzes. Teaching of Psychology, 33 (2), 109.
AGARWAL, P.K., KARPICKE, J.D., KANG, S.K., ROEDIGER, H.L. & MCDERMOTT, K.B. (2008). Examining the testing effect with open-and closed-book tests. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22, 861-876.
GRABE, M., FLANNERY, K. & CHRISTOPHERSON, K. (2008). Voluntary use of online study questions as a function of previous minimal use requirements and learner aptitude. The Internet & Higher Education, 11 (3-4), 145-151.
LANDRUM, R.E. (2008). Introductory psychology student performance : weekly quizzes followed by a cumulative final exam. Teaching of Psychology, 34 (3), 177.
COX, K. & CLARK, D. (1998). The use of formative quizzes for deep learning. Computers in Education, 3 (3/4), 57-167. JOHNSON, B.C. & KIVINIEMI, M.T. (2009). The effect of online chapter quizzes on exam performance in an undergraduate social psychology course. Teaching of Psychology, 36 (1), 33-37. [PDF]
GRAHAM, R.B. (1999). Unannounced quizzes raise test scores selectively for mid-range students. Teaching of Psychology, 26 (4), 271-273. GHOLAMI, V. & MOGHADDAM, M.M. (2013). The effect of weekly quizzes on students' final achievement score. Modern Education & Computer Science, 1, 36-41. [PDF]
 NGUYEN, K. & McDANIEL, M.A. (2015). Using quizzing to assist student learning in the classroom : the good, the bad, and the ugly. Teaching Psychology, 42, 87-92.
 BELL, M.C., SIMONE, P.M. & WHITFIELD, L.C. (2015). Failure of online quizzing to improve performance in introductory psychology courses. Scholarship of Teaching & Learning in Psychology, 1, 163-171.
 KHANNA, M.M. (2015). Ungraded pop quizzes : test-enhanced learning without all the anxiety. Teaching of Psychology, 42, 174-178
MAURER, T. & LONGFIELD, J. (2015). Using reading guides and on-line quizzes to improve reading compliance and quiz scores. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching & Learning, 9 (1), 1-22. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Examen, Réussite scolaire, Effet test et Jeu questionnaire
Test de Lehmann : Test statistique. Lehmann' test.
 
GHOSH, B.K. (1972). On Lehmann' test for of homogeneity of variances. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C 34, 221-234.
 
Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de Levene : Test d'homogénéité des variances, développé par Levene, qui permet d'évaluer si les variances de deux populations sont égales ou non. Levene's test.
 
CARROLL R.J. & SCHNEIDEIR, H. (1985). A note on Levene's tests for equality of variances. Statistics & Probability Letters, 3, 191-194.
LEVENE, H. (1990). Robust tests for equality of variances. In I. Olkin (Ed.), Contributions to probability and statistics (pp. 278-292). Palo Alto, California : Stanford University Press.
GASTWIRTH, J.L., GEL, Y.L. & MIAO, W. (2009). The impact of Levene's test of equality of variances on statistical theory and practice. Statistical Science, 24 (3), 343-360.
 
Voir aussi Test d'homogénéité et Levene
Test de Luria-Nebraska : Batterie de tests objectifs qui permet d'évaluer la santé neurocognitive d'un patient. Luria-Nebraska, neuropsychological battery, LNNB.


  Voir aussi Test objectif
Test de Mann-Whitney : Test statistique non-paramétrique proposé par Wilcoxon, Mann et Whitney. Test U de Mann-Whitney.Mann-Whitney statistic, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon.
 
 WILCOXON, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics Bulletin, 1 (6), 80-83.
MANN, H.B. & WHITNEY, D.R. (1945). On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18 (1), 50-56.
NEWCOMBE, R.G. (2006). Confidence intervals for an effect size measure based on the Mann-Whitney statistic. Part 1 : General issues and tail-area-based methods. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 543-557.
NEWCOMBE, R.G. (2006). Confidence intervals for an effect size measure based on the Mann-Whitney statistic. Part 2: Asymptotic methods and evaluation. Statistics in Medicine, 25, 559-573.
DE WINTER, J.C.F. & DODOU, D. (2012). Five-point Likert items : t test versus Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 15 (11), 1-16. [PDF]

Voir aussi Wilcoxon et Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de McNemar : Le McNemar est un Khi-deux à mesures répétées. Test statistique non-paramétrique développé par McNemar. McNemar test.
 
 McNEMAR, Q. (1947). Note on the sampling error of the difference between correlated proportions or percentages. Psychometrika, 12, 153-157.
 FAGERLAND, M.W., LYDERSEN, S. & LAAKE, P. (2013). The McNemar test for binary matched-pairs data : mid-p and asymptotic are better than exact conditional. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13, 91.
 
Voir aussi McNemar et Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de mémoire : Tout Test objectif qui permet de vérifier la rétention d'une matière et de confirmer les bonnes réponses. Les test de lecture et et des jeux-questionnaire (flashcard) sont des tests de mémoire. L'usage répété de ces tests améliore la mémoire (effet test). Retention test.
 
Voir aussi Karpicke
Test de mémoire sémantique : Test objectif développé par Warrington, qui permet de diagnostiquer la démence sémantique. SWAT.
 
 WARRINGTON, E.K. & RUTCH, S.J. (2007). A within-modality test of semantic knowledge : The size/weight attribute test. Neuropsychology, 21 (6), 803-811.

Voir aussi Warrington
Test de mémoire visuelle de Benton : Test objectif développé par Benton. Benton Visual Retention Test.
 
 BENTON, A.L. (1983). Contributions to neuropsychological assessment : a clinical manual. Oxford : Oxford University Press.

Voir aussi Benton
Test de Mood : Test statistique non-paramétrique qui consiste à comparer la médiane K échantillons indépendants. = test de Brown et Mood, test des médianes. Mood scale test.
 
 BROWN, G.W. & MOOD, A.M. (1951). On median tests for linear hypotheses. In Proceeding of the second Berkeley symposium on mathematical statistics and probability. University of California Press.
 MOOD, A.M. (1954). On the asymptotic efficiency of certain nonparametric two-sample tests. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 25 (3), 514-522.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de Newman-Keuls : S-N-K : Test statistique post-hoc de l'analyse de la variance (ANOVA) élaboré par Duncan. Newman-Keuls test, Student-Newman-Keuls method, S-N-K.
 
NEWMAN, D. (1939). The distribution of range in samples from a normal population, expressed in terms of an independent estimate of standard deviation. Biometrika, 31 (1), 20–30.
KEULS, M. (1952). The use of the "studentized range" in connection with an analysis of variance". Euphytica, 1 (2), 112–122. [PDF]
SHAFFER, J.P. (2007). Controlling the false discovery rate with constraints : The Newman–Keuls test revisited. Biometrical Journal, 49 (1), 136–143.
ABDI, H. & WILLIAMS, L.J. (2010). Newman-Keuls test and Tukey test. In Encyclopedia of research design (pp. 1-11). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
Test de normalité : Ensemble de tests qui vise à estimer la conformité d'une distribution de données ou d'un échantillon à la loi normale. ( ): test de Jarque Berat,est de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, test de Shapiro-Wilk. Normality test.
 
Test de Page : Test statistique non-paramétrique. Page test



VAN DE WIEL, M.A. & DI BUCCHIANICO, A. (2001). Fast computation of the exact null distribution of Spearman’s rho and Page’s L statistic for samples with and without ties. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 92,1 33–145.
  Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de probabilité des intentions : Échelle ordinale des intentions de comportement développée par Juster,qui permet d'évaluer la probabilité subjective d'une intention sur une échelle en onze degrés.
EX: Dans quelle mesure avez-vous l'intention d'utiliser à nouveau ce lexique ?
Aucune chance 1 0 %
Très faible possibilité 2 10 %
Faible possibilité 3 20 %
Quelques possibilités 4 30 %
Possibilité moyenne 5 40 %
Assez bonne possibilité 6 50 %
Bonne possibilité 7 60 %
 Probablement 8 70 %
Très probablement 9 80 %
Presque sûrement 10 90 %
Certainement 11 100 %
 
Voir aussi Intentions et Juster
Test de rang : Test statistique non-paramétrique développé par Kendall. Voir corrélation de rang. Rank correlation.

 
FRIEDMAN, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32 (200), 675-701.
KENDALL, M.G. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30, 81-93. CONOVER, W.J. (1973). Rank tests for one sample, two samples, and k-Samples without the assumption of a continuous distribution function. Annals of Statistics, 1, 1105-1125.
WILCOXON, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics, 1, 80-83.
SIEGEL, S. & TUKEY, J.W. (1960). A nonparametric sum of ranks procedure for relative spread in unpaired samples. Journal of American Statistical Association, 55, 429-445. CONOVER, W.J. & IMAN, R.L. (1977). On the power of the t-Test and some ranks tests when outliers may be present. The Canadian Journal of Statistics, 5 (2), 187-193.
KENDALL, M.G. (1962). Rank correlation methods. Londres : Griffin. LAURENCELLE, L. (2005). La distribution nulle de la somme de rangs de Wilcoxon et ses moments. Lettres Statistiques, 12, 99-108.
PAGE, E.B. (1963). Ordered hypotheses for multiple treatments: A significance test for linear ranks. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58 (301), 216-230. LAURENCELLE, L. (2009). Le tau et le tau-b de Kendall pour la corrélation de variables ordinales simples ou catégorielles. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 5 (2), 51-58. [PDF]
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Kendall et Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de rang d'Ansari-Bradley : Test statistique non-paramétrique. Ansari-Bradley scale test, Rank-sum tests for dispersions.
 
ANSARI, A.R. & BRADLEY, R.A. (1960). Rank-sum tests for dispersions. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 31 (4), 1174-1189. [LIRE]
 
Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de rang de Friedman : Test statistique non-paramétrique développé par Friedman. Il s'agit d'un test de comparaison pour échantillons appariés. Test de Friedman et Kruskal-Wallis. = Anova de Friedman. Friedman test, Friedman anova by rank.
FRIEDMAN, M. (1937). The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 32 (200), 675-701.
FRIEDMAN, M. (1939). A correction : The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance. Journal of the American Statistical Association. American Statistical Association, 34 (205), 109.
FRIEDMAN, M. (1940). A comparison of alternative tests of significance for the problem of m rankings.The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 11 (1), 86-92.
DANIEL, W.W. (1990). Friedman two-way analysis of variance by ranks. Applied nonparametric statistics. Boston : PWS-Kent.

Voir aussi Test de Wilcoxon, Friedman et Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de rang de Jonckheree-Terpstra : Test statistique non-paramétrique. = Test de tendance de Jonckheere. Jonckheere Terpstra test.
 
JONCKHEERE, A.R. (1954). A distribution-free k-sample test against ordered alternatives. Biometrika, 41, 133-145.
ALI, A., RASHEED, A., SIDDIQUI, A.A., NASEER, M., WASIM, S. & AKHTAR, W. (2015). Non-parametric test for ordered medians : The Jonckheere Terpstra test. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research, 4, 203-207.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de rang de Kendall : Test statistique non-paramétrique développé par Kendall. Voir corrélation de rang. Measure of rank correlation.
 
KENDALL, M.G. (1938). A new measure of rank correlation. Biometrika, 30, 81-93.
TERPSTRA, T.J. (1952). The asymptotic normality and consistency of Kendall's test against trend, when ties are present in one ranking. Indagationes Mathematicae, 14, 327-333.
KENDALL, M.G. (1962). Rank correlation methods. Londres : Griffin.

Voir aussi Kendall, Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de rang de Kruskal et Wallis : Test statistique non-paramétrique. Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.
 
KRUSKAL, W. & WALLIS, W.A. (1952). Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47 (260), 583-621.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de rang de Spearman : = Test statistique non-paramétrique. Spearman's rank correlation.
 
SPEARMAN, C.E. (1904). Proof and measurement of association between two things. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 72-101. [PDF]
SPEARMAN, C.E. (1914). The theory of two factors. Psychological Review, 21, 101-115.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de rang de Wilcoxon : Test non-paramétrique élaboré par Wilcoxon. Ce test est considéré comme une alternative non-paramétrique au test t pour des échantillons appariés (ou un groupe à mesure répétées). = Test de Wilcoxon, test de rangs signés de Wilcoxon, test Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, test MWW. Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

WILCOXON, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics, 1, 80-83.
KRUSKAL, W. (1957). Historical notes on the Wilcoxon unpaired two-sample test. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 52, 356-360.
BLAIR, R.C. & HIGGINS, J.J. (1980). A comparison of the power of Wilcoxon's rank- sum test to that of Student's t statistic under various nonnormal distributions. Journal of Educational Statistics, 5, 309-335.
LAURENCELLE, L. (2005). La distribution nulle de la somme de rangs de Wilcoxon et ses moments. Lettres Statistiques, 12, 99-108.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de Raven : Voir Test des matrices progressives de Raven. Raven's standard rogressive matrices.
Test de réalité : Chez Freud, confrontation du fantasme ou du désir du patient/sujet à sa propre réalité. Reality testing.
 
WÄLDER, R. (1936). The problem of freedom in psycho-analysis and the problem of reality-testing. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 17, 89-108. HURVICH, M. (1970). On the concept of reality testing. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 51, 299-312.
FRENCH, T.M. (1937). Reality testing in dreams. Psychoanalytic Quaterly, 6, 62-77. JACOBSON, J.G. (1973). Reliving the past, perceptual experience and the reality-testing functions of the ego. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 54, 399-413.
KANZER, M. (1957). Acting out, sublimation and reality testing. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 5, 663-684. SCHWABER, E.A. (1997). Psychic reality and psychic testing. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 78, 157-158.
RUBINFINE, D.L. (1961). Perception, reality testing, and symbolism. Psychoanalytic Study of Child, 16, 73-89. FIGUEIREDO, L.C. (2006). Sense of reality, reality testing and reality processing in borderline patients. International Journal of Psycho-analysis, 87, 769-787.
ARLOW, J.A. (1969). Fantasy, memory, and reality testing. Psychoanalytic Quaterly, 38, 28-51.

Voir aussi Freud

Test de réflexion cognitive : TRC : Test psychologique. Cognitive reflection test.
 
FREDERICK, S. (2005). Cognitive reflection and decision making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19 (4), 25-42.
HOPPE, E.I. & KUSTERER, D.J. (2011). Behavioral biases and cognitive reflection. Economics Letters, 110 (2), 97-100.
TOPLAK, M., WEST, R.F. & STANOVICH, K.E. (2011). The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks (PDF). Memory & Cognition, 39 (7), 1275-1289.
TOPLAK, M.E., WEST, R.F. & STANOVICH, K.E. (2014). Assessing miserly information processing : An expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Thinking & Reasoning, 20 (2), 147-168.
BLACKSMITH, N., YANG, Y., BEHREND, T.S. & RUARK, G. (2019). Assessing the validity of inferences from scores on the cognitive reflection test. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 32 (5), 599-612.

Voir aussi Test psychologique
Test de robustesse de Moses : Test statistique non-paramétrique. Moses Extreme Reactions test.
 
MOSES, L.E. (1952). A two-sample test. Psychometrika, 17, 239-247.

Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test de Rorschach : Test projectif de personnalité élaboré par Rorschach, dans lequel on demande au patient/répondant d'interpréter des taches d'encre abstraites et symétriques. Il sert à diagnostiquer certains troubles de la personnalité. Rorshach test.
   
RORSCHACH, H. (1924). Manual for Rorschach Ink-blot Test. Chicago, IL: Stoelting.
RORSCHACH, H. & OBENHOLZER, E. (1924). The application of the interpretation of form to psychoanalysis. Chicago.
RORSCHACH, H. & BECK, S.J. (1932). The Rorschach Test as applied to a feeble-minded Group. New York. ACKLIN, M.W., McDOWELL C.J., VERSCHELL, M.S. & CHAN, D. (2000). Interobserver agreement, intraobserver reliability, and the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 15-47. [PDF]
ELLIS, A., HERTZ, M.R. & SYMONDS, P.M. (1947). Rorschach methods and other projective techniques. Review of Educational Research, 17, 78-100.
BRUNER, J.S. (1948). Perceptual theory and the Rorschach test. Journal of Personality, 17, 157-168. WEINER, I.B. (2000). Making Rorschach interpretation as good as it can be. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 164-174.
WIKLER, A. & DAINGERFIELD M. (1948). Practical use of the Rorschach test. Diseases of the Nervous System, 9, 42-45.
BANDURA, A. (1954). The Rorschach white space response and "oppositional" behavior. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 18, 17-21. WOOD, J.M., LILIENFIELD, S.O., GARB, H.N. & NEZWORSKI, M.T. (2000). The Rorschach Test in clinical diagnosis : A critical review, with a backward look at Garfield (1947). Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56 (3), 395-430. [PDF]
BANDURA, A. (1954). The Rorschach white space response and perceptual reversal. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48, 113-117. WEINER, I.B. (2000). Using the Rorschach properly in practice and research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 435-438. [PDF]
SINGER, J.L. & SPOHN, H. (1954). Some behavioral correlates of Rorschach's experience type. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 18, 1-9. WEINER, I.B. (2001). Advancing the science of psychological assessment : The Rorschach Inkblot Method as exemplar. Psychological Assessment, 13, 423-432. [PDF]
SCHAFER, R. (1954). Psychoanalytic interpretation in Rorschach testing. New York : Grune & Stratton. VIGLIONE, D.J. & HILSENROTH, D.J. (2001). The Rorschach : Facts, fictions, and future. Psychological Assessment, 13, 452-471.
SINGER, J.L. (1955). Non-pojective aspects of the Rorschach : Implications for clinical application. Journal of Social Psychology, 44, 207-214. BLAIS, M.A., HILSENROTH, M.J., CASTLEBURY, F., FOWLER, J.C. & BAITY, M.R. (2001). Predicting DSM-IV Cluster B personality disorder criteria from MMPI-2 and Rorschach data: A test of incremental validity. Journal of Personality Assesment, 76, 150-168.
LEVENTHAL, H. (1956). The effects of perceptual training on The Rorschach W and Z scores. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20, 93-98. BORNSTEIN, R.F. (2001). Clinical utility of the Rorschach Inkblot Method : Reframing the debate. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77, 39-47.
HOOKER, E. (1957). The adjustment of the male overt homosexual. Journal of Projective Techniques, 21, 18-31. GARB, H.N., WOOD, J.M., NEZWORSKI, M.T., GROVE, W.M. & STEJSKAL, W.J. (2001). Toward a resolution of the Rorschach controversy. Psychological Assessment, 13 (4), 433-448.
HOOKER, E. (1958). Male homosexuality in the Rorschach. Journal of Projective Techniques, 23, 278-281. FOWLER, J.C., PIERS, C., HILSENROTH, M.J., HOLDWICK, D.J. & PADAWER, J.R. (2001). The Rorschach suicide constellation : Assessing various degrees of lethality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 333-351.
HOOKER, E. (1961). Homosexuality : Summary of studies. In E.M. Duvall & S.M. Duvall (Eds.), Sex ways in fact and faith. New York : Association Press. WEINER, I.B. (2001). Considerations in collecting Rorschach reference data. Journal of Personality Assessment, 77 (1), 122-127.
HOOKER, E. (1965). An empirical study of some relations between sexual patterns and gender identity in male homosexuals. In J. Money (Ed.), Sex research : New development (pp. 24-52). New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston. MEYER, G.J. (1999). I. The utility of the Rorschach in clinical assessment [Special section]. Psychological Assessment, 11 (3).
HOOKER, E. (1965). Male homosexuals and their worlds. In J. Marmor (Ed.), Sexual inversion : The multiple roots of homosexuality (pp. 83-107). New York : Basic Books. MEYER, G.J. (2001). II. The utility of the Rorschach in clinical assessment [Special section]. Psychological Assessment, 13 (4).
HOOKER, E. (1968). Homosexuality. In The international encyclopedia of the soci al sciences. New York : MacMillan and Free Press. GARB, H.N., WOOD, J.M., NEZWORSKI, M.T., GROVE, W.M. & STEJSKAL, W.J. (2001). Toward a resolution of the Rorschach controversy. Psychological Assessment, 13 (4), 433-448. [PDF]
LOISELLE, R.H., O'LEARY, V.E. & PARRISH, K. (1968). A comparison of the stimulus value of Rorschach Inkblots and their percept as perceived by children and schizophrenics. Journal of Projective Techniques crud Personality Assessment, 32, 237-245.
HOOKER, E. (1969). Parental relations and male homosexuality in patient and non-patient samples. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 33, 140-142.
EXNER, J.E. (1969). Rorschach responses as an index of narcissism. Journal of Personality Assessment, 33, 324-330.
EKEHAMMAR, B. (1971). A psychophysical approach to the study of individuals' perceptions of Rorschach cards. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 33, 951-965.
EXNER, J.E. (1974). The Rorschach : A comprehensive system. New York : Wiley.
BLATT, J.S. & RITZLER, B.A. (1974). Suicide and the representation of transparency and cross sections on the Rorschach. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 42, 280-287. BAITY M.R. & HILSENROTH, M.J. (2002). Rorschach aggressive content (AgC) variable : A study of criterion validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 275-287.
BLATT, S.J., BRENNEIS C.B., SCHIMEK, J.G. & GLICK, M. (1976). The normal development and the psychopathological impairment of the concept of the object on Rorschach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 364-373.
ALBERT, S., FOX, H.M. & KAHN, M.W. (1980). Faking psychosis on the Rorschach : can expert judges detect malingering ? Journal of Personality Assessment, 44, 115-119. EXNER, J.E. (2002). A new nonpatient data sample forthe Rorschach Comprehensive System : A progress report. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 391-404.
BLATT, S.J. & BERMAN, W. (1984). A methodology for the use of the Rorschach in clinical research. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 226-239. WOOD, J.M., NEZWORSKI, M.T., LILIENFELD, S.O. & GARB, H.N. (2003). What's wrong with the Rorschach : Science confronts the controversial inkblot test. New York : Jossey-Bass.
EXNER, J.E. (1986). Some Rorschach data comparing schizophrenic with borderline and schizotypal personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50, 455-472. MOULLER, V., SABA, G., VERDON, C.-M. & JANUEL, D. (2004). Étude de la rémission dans la schizophrénie à l'aide du test de Rorschach. Pratiques Psychologiques, 10 (4), 365-377.
EXNER, J.E. (1989). Searching for projection in the Rorschach. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 520-536.
WEINER, I.B. & EXNER, J.E. (1991). Rorschach changes in long-term and short-term psychotherapy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 453-465.
EXNER, J.E. & ANDRONIKOF-SANGLADE, A. (1992). Rorschach changes following brief and short-term therapy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 59-71.
FRUEH, C.B. & KINDER, B.N. (1994). The susceptibility of the Rorschach Inkblot Test to malingering of combat-related PTSD. Journal of Personality Assessment, 62, 280-298. HUPRICH, S.K., O'NEILL, R.M., BORNSTEIN, R.F., KUSAJ, C. & SMITH, P.Q. (2003). Detecting social interest in dependent patients with the Rorschach Interpersonal cluster. Individual Differences Research, 1, 64-72.
EXNER, J.E. (Ed.) (1995). Issues and methods in Rorschach research. Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
WEINER, I.B. (1995). Methodological considerations in Rorschach research. Psychological Assessment, 7, 330-337.
FRUEH, C.B., LEVERETT, J.P. & KINDER, B.N. (1995). Interrelationship between MMPI-2 and Rorschach variables in a sample of Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 312-318. HILSENROTH, M.J. & STRCIKER, G. (2004). A consideration of challenges to psychological assessments instruments in forensic settings : Rorschach as exemplar. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83 (2), 141-152.
EXNER, J.E. (1996). Critical bits and the Rorschach response process. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 464-477.
BORNSTEIN, R.F. (1996). Construct validity of the Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale : 1967-1995. Psychological Assessment, 8, 200-205.
WEINER, I.B. (1996). Some observations on the validity of the Rorschach Inkblot Method. Psychological Assessment, 8, 206-213.
BORNSTEIN, R.F. (1996). Construct validity of the Rorschach Oral Dependency Scale: 1967-1995. Psychological Assessment, 8, 200-205.
EXNER, J.E. (1997). The future of Rorschach in personality assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 37-46. KLONSKY, E.D. (2004). Performance of PAI and Rorschach indices of schizophrenia in a public psychiatric hospital. Psychological Services, 2, 107-110. [PDF]
BORNSTEIN, R.F. (1998). Implicit and self-attributed dependency needs in dependent and histrionic personality disorders. Journal of Personality Assessment, 71, 1-14. HILSENROTH, M.J. & STRCIKER, G. (2004). A consideration of Challenges to psychological assessments instruments in forensic settings : Rorschach as exemplar. Journal of Personality Assessment, 83 (2), 141-152.
BLAIS, M.A., HILSENROTH, M.J. & FOWLER, J.C. (1998). Rorschach correlates of the DSM- IV Histrionic Personality Disorder. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70, 355-364. HUPRICH, S.K., GACONO, C.B., SCNEIDER, R.B. & BRIDGES, M.R. (2004). Rorschach oral dependency in psychopaths, pedophiles, and sexual homicide perpetrators. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 22, 345-356.
SZALAI, J.P. (1998). Kappa-sub(sc) : A measure of agreement on a single rating category for a single item or object rated by multiple raters. Psychological Reports, 82 (3), 1321-1322. COSTA, P.T. & McCRAE, R.R. (2005). A Five-Factor Theory perspective on the Rorschach. Rorschachiana, 27, 76-96. [PDF]
HUNSLEY, J. & BAILEY, J.M. (1999). The clinical utility of the Rorschach : Unfulfilled promises and an uncertain future. Psychological Assessment, 11 (3), 266-277. [PDF] BORNSTEIN, R.F. & MASLING, J.M. (Eds.) (2005). Scoring the Rorschach : Seven validated systems. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
DAWES, R.M. (1999). Two methods for studying the incremental validity of a Rorschach variable. Psychological Assessment, 11 (3), 297-302. ACKLIN, M.W. (2007). The Rorschach test and forensic psychological evaluation : Psychosis and the insanity defense. In C.B. Gacono & B. Evans (Eds.), The handbook of forensic Rorschach assessment. New York : Routledge. [PDF]
BAITY M.R. & HILSENROTH, M.J. (1999). Rorschach aggression variables : A study of reliability and validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 93-110.
STRICKER, G. & GOLD, J.R. (1999). The Rorschach : Toward a nomothetically based, idiographically applicable configurational model. Psychological Assessment, 11 (3), 240-250. PERFECT, M.M., THARINGER, D.J., KEITH, T.Z. & LYLE-LAHROUD, T. (2011). Relations between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-A Scales and Rorschach variables with scope and severity of maltreatment among adolesecents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 582-591.
BORNSTEIN, R.F. (1999). Criterion validity of objective and projective dependency tests : A meta-analytic assessment of behavioral prediction. Psychological Assessment, 11, 48-57.
 
Voir aussi Test projectif et Rorschach
Test de Shapiro-Wilk : Test statistique de normalité. Shapiro-Wilk test.
 
SHAPIRO, S.S. & WILK, M.B. (1965). An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika, 52, 591-611.
 
Voir aussi Test statistique
Test de Scheffé : Test statistique post-hoc inventé par Scheffé, qui permet, lorsque l'on fait une analyse de variance (ANOVA) de montrer quels groupes ou mesures comparés deux-à-deux sont significativement différents. Scheffe test.
 
SCHEFFÉ, H. (1953). A new method for judging all contrasts in the analysis of variance. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society : Series B, 15, 125-139.
SCHEFFÉ, H. (1959). The analysis of variance. New York : Wiley.
 
Voir aussi Scheffé et Test statistique
Test de signification : Voir Test d'hypothèse. Hypothesis testing, significance test, test of signifiance.
Test de Stanford-Binet : Test d'intelligence développé par Binet et Simon, puis modifié et adapté en 1916 par Terman et Merrill. = Échelle d'intelligence Stanford-Binet. Stanford-Binet scale, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
 
TERMAN, M.L. MERRILL, M.A. (1916). The Stanford Revision of the Binet-Simon Tests. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. TERMAN L.M. & MERRILL, M.A. (1960). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale : Manual for the third revision, form L-M.Boston : Houghton Mifflin Compagny.
TERMAN, M.L. & MERRILL, M.A. (1937). Revised Stanford-Binet Scale. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
PINNEAU, S.R. (1961). Changes in intelligence quotient infancy to maturity : New insights from the Berkeley Growth Study with implications for the Stanford-Binet Scales and applications to professional practice. Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
TERMAN, M.L. MERRILL, M.A. (1937). Measuring intelligence : A guide to the administration of the new revised Stanford-Binet tests of intelligence. Boston : Houghton Mifflin. WADDELL, D.D. (1980). The Stanford-Binet : An Evaluation of the Technical Data Available since the 1972 Restandardization. Journal of School Psychology, 18 (3), 203-209.
MERRILL, M.A. (1938). The significance of IQ's on the Revised Stanford-Binet Scales. Journal of Educational Psychology, 29, 641-651. THORNDIKE, R.L., HAGEN, E.P. & SATTLER, J.M. (1986). Stanford-Binet intelligence scale (Technical Manual). Chicago : Riverside.
 McNEMAR, Q. (1942). The revision of the Stanford-Binet scale. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. CARSON, D. & ROID, G. (2004). Acceptable use of the Stanford-Binet Form L-M: Guidelines for the professional use of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Itasca, IL : Riverside Publishing.
 
Voir aussi Test d'intelligence, Binet et Simon
Test de Stuart-Maxwell : Test statistique non-paramétrique.
 
Test de Szondi : Test psychologique projectif et non-verbal développé par Szondi, et qui a pour but de révéler la dynamique des pulsions.
   
Voir aussi Test psychologique projectif et Szondi
Test de timidité de Cheek et Buss : Voir Échelle de Timidité de Cheek et Buss.
Test de Torrance : Test psychologique dévelopé par Torrance pour évaluer la créativité.
 
TORRANCE, E.P. (1962). Non-Test Ways of identifying the creatively gifted. Gifted Child Quarterly, 6, 71-75.
TORRANCE, E.P (1966). The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking : Norms-technical manual. Lexington, MA : Personal Press. TORRANCE, E.P. (1998). The torrance tests of creative thinking norms - technical manual figural (streamlined) forms A & B. Bensenville, IL : Scholastic Testing Service.
TORRANCE, E.P. (1972). Predictive validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 6, 236-252.
TORRANCE, E.P. (1974). Torrance tests of creative thinking. Lexington, MA : Personnel Press. TORRANCE, E.P. & HAENSLEY, P.A. (2003). Assessment of creativity in children and adolescents. In C.R. Reynoolds, & R.W. Kamphaus (Eds.), Handbook of psychological and educational assessment of children : Intelligence, aptitude and achievement (pp. 584-607). New York : The Guildford Press.
KHATENA, J. & TORRANCE, E.P. (1976). Khatena-Torrance creative perception inventory. Chicago, IL : Stoelting. WECHSLER, S. (2006). Validity of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking to the Brazilian culture. Creativity Research Journal, 18, 15-25.
TORRANCE, E.P. (1980). Growing up creatively gifted : The 22-year longitudinal study. The Creative Child & Adult Quarterly, 5, 148-158. TORRANCE, E.P.. (2008). The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-norms-technical manual-figural (streamlined) forms A and B. Bensenville, IL : Scholastic Testing Service.
TORRANCE, E.P. (1981). Empirical validation of criterion referenced indicators of creative ability through a longitudinal study. The Creative Child & Adult Quarterly, 6, 136-140.

Voir aussi Torrance, Créativité et Évaluer la créativité
Test de Tukey :Test statistique post-hoc du test t, élaboré par Tukey, et qui permet de comparer deux-à-deux les n échantillons d'une analyse de variance.= Tukey-Kramer omnibus test Tukey's range test, Tukey's post hoc test, Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test.
 
TUKEY, J.W. (1949). Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance. Biometrics, 5 (2), 99-114. [PDF]
ABDI, H. & WILLIAMS, L.J. (2010). Newman-Keuls test and Tukey test. In Encyclopedia of research design (pp. 1-11). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
RICHTER, S.J. & McCANN, M.H. (2012). Using the Tukey-Kramer omnibus test in the Hayter-Fisher procedure. British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 65 (3), 499-510.

Voir aussi Test t, Tukeyet Test statistique
Test de Turing : Voir Turing. Turing test.
Test de Van der Waerden : Test statistique non-paramétrique. Van der Waerden 1-way anov, Van der Waerden test.
 
VAN DER WAERDEN, B.L. (1952). Order tests for the two-sample problem and their power. Indagationes Mathematicae, 14, 453-458.
VAN DER WAERDEN, B.L. (1953). Order tests for the two-sample problem. II, III. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Serie A, 564, 303-310, 311-316.

Voir aussi Test statistique
Test de Wald : Test statistique développé par Wald pour vérifier l'existence d'une relation entre deux variables ordinales ou nominales. Wald test.


  HAUCK, W.W. & DONNER, A. (1977). Wald's test as applied to hypotheses in logit analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 72 (360), 851-853.
GLONEK, G.F.V. (1993). On the behaviour of Wald statistics for the disjunction of two regular hypotheses. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B55 749–755.
GAFFKE, R., STEYER, R. & VON DAVIER, A.A. (1999). On the asymptotic null-distribution of the Wald statistic at singular parameter points. Statististical Decisions, 17, 339–358.
GAFFKE, R., HEILIGERS, B. & OFFINGER, R. (2002). On the asymptotic null-distribution of the Wald statistic at singular parameter points. Statistical Decisions, 20, 379–398.
DRTON, M. & XIAO, H. (2016). Wald tests of singular hypotheses. Bernouilli, 22 (1), 38-59.
GUDICHA, D.W., SCHMITTMANN, V.D. & VERMUNT, J.K. (2017). Statistical power of likelihood ratio and Wald tests in latent class models with covariates. Behavior Research Methods, 49 (5), 1824-1837.
ALKAN, G., GÖKPINAR, F. & GÖKPINAR, E. (2023).A Wald test on the problem of homogeneity of variances. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 1–14.
Voir aussi Wald et Test statistique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test de Wald-Wolfowitz : Test statistique élaboré par Wald et Wolfowitz. Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, runs test.
 
WALD, A. & WOLFWITZ, J. (1940). On a test whether two samples are from the same population. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 11, 147-162.
FRIEDMAN, J.H. & RAFSKY, L.C. (1979). Multivariate generalizations of the Wald-Wolfowitz and Smirnov two-sample tests. Annals of Statistics, 7 (4), 697-717.
MAGEL, R.C. & WIBOWO, S.H. (1997). Comparing the powers of the Wald-Wolfowitz and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Biometrical Journal, 39 (6), 665-675.

SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test statistique
Test de Wallis-Moore : . Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, runs test.
 
WALLIS, W.A. & MOORE, G.H. (1941). A significance test for time series analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 36 (215), 401-409.


SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test statistique
Test de Wason : Voir Tâche de sélection de Wason. Wason selection task.
Test de Wechsler : Voir WAIS, WBIS, WISC, WPPSI.
Test de Weiss : Voir Échelle de Weiss. Weiss functional impairment rating scale (WFIRS).
Test de Wender : Voir Échelle de Wender. Wender Utah ADHD Rating Scale (WURS).
Test de Woodcock : Test psychologique conçu par Woodcock en 1973. Woodcock Reading Mastery Test, WRMT.
 
WOODCOCK, R.N.. (1973). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests. Circle Pines, MN : American Guidance Service.
BANNATYNE, A. (1974). Woodcock reading mastery tests review. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 7, 398-9.
ALLINGTON, RL. (1976). Woodcock reading mastery tests review. Journal of Reading, 20, 162-163.
HOUCK, C. & HARRIS, L. (1976). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests review. Journal of School Psychology, 14 (1), 77-79.
JAEGER, R.M. (1989). Review of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-revised. In J.C Conoley & J.J. Kramer (Eds.), The 10th mental measurements yearbook (pp. 913-916). Highland Park, NJ : Gryphon.
EAVES, R.C. (1990). Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-revised (WRMTR). Diagnostique, 15, 277-297.
DE ROSE, M. (1999). Review of the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test-Revised (WRMT-R). TESL Canada Journal/ La Revue TEST du Canada, 16 (2), 87-93. [PDF]
Test de Woodcock-Johnson : Batterie de tests psychométriques comprenant un test d'intelligence (habiletés cognitives), conçu en 1977 par Woodcock et Johnson. Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability, WJ.
 
WOODCOCK, R.N. & JOHNSON, M. (1990). Woodcock~Johnson Psychoeducational Battery - Revised Tests of Achievement (WJ-R). Chicago : Riverside.
WOODCOCK, R.N. & JOHNSON, M. (1977). Woodcock-Johnson Psychological Battery. Allen, TX : DLM Teaching Resources. WOODCOCK, R.N., McGREW, K. & WERDER, J. (1994). Woodcock-McGrew-Werder Mini-Battery of Achievement (MBA). Chicago, IL. Riverside.
McGREW, K.S. (1983). Comparison of the WISC-R and Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability. Journal of School Psychology, 21, 271-276. TAUB, G.E. & McGREW, K.S (1990). The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities III's Cognitive Performance Model : Empirical support for intermediate factors within CHC theory. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 32 (3), 187-201
THOMPSON, P.L. & BRASSARD, M.R. (1984). Validity of the Woodcock-Johnson tests of cognitive ability : A comparison with the WISC-R in LD and normal elementary students. Journal of School Psychology, 22 (2), 201-208. McGREW, K.S (1995). Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability-Revised. In R.J. Sternberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human intelligence (pp. 1152-1158). Macmillan.
CIZEK, G.J. (2003). Review of the Woodcock-Johnson III. In B.S. Plake, J.C. Impara & R.A. Spies (Eds.), The fifteenth mental measurements yearbook (pp. 1020-1024). Lincoln, NE : Buros Institute of Mental Measurements.
McGREW, K.S. (1985). Investigation of the verbal/nonverbal structure of the Woodcock-Johnson. Implications for subtest interpretation and comparisons with the Wechsler Scales. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 3, 65-71. TAUB, G.E. & McGREW, K.S. (2013). The Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities III's Cognitive Performance Model : Empirical Support for Intermediate Factors Within CHC Theory. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 32 (3), 187-201. [PDF]
McGREW, K.S. (1986). A review of the differential predictive validity of the Woodcock-Johnson Scholastic Aptitude clusters. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 4, 307-3l7. SCHRANK, F.A., McGREW, K.S., MATHER, N. & WOODCOCK, R.W. (2014). Woodcock-Johnson IV. Rolling Meadows, IL: Riverside Publishing.
 
Voir aussi Test d'intelligence
Test des gobelets :
Test des matrices progressives de Raven : Test d'intelligence développé par Raven en 1939. Raven's standard rogressive matrices.
 
RAVEN, J. (1939). Progressive matrices : A perceptual test of intelligence. London. VAN DER VEN, A.H.G.S. & ELLIS, J.L. (2000). A Rasch analysis of Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Personality & Individual Differences, 29, 45-64.
GABRIEL, K.R. (1954). The simplex structure of the progressive matrices test. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 7, 9-14. RUSHTON, J.P. & SKUY, M. (2000). Performance in Raven's Matrices by African and White university students in South Africa. Intelligence, 28, 251-265.
BURKE, H.R. (1958). Raven's progressive matrices : A review and critical evaluation. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 93, 199-28.
HUNT, E.B. (1974). Quote the Raven ? Nevermore ! In L.W. Gregg (Ed.), Knowledge and cognition (pp. 129-158). Hillsdale : Erlbaum.
VINCENT, K.R. & COX, J.A. (1974). A re-evaluation of Reven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Journal of Psychology, 88, 299-303.
CARLSON, J.S. & WIEDL, K.H. (1979). Toward a differential testing approach : Testing-the-limits employing the Raven matrices. Intelligence, 3, 323-344.
DILLON, R.F., POHLMAN J.T. & LOHMAN, D.F. (1981). A factor analysis of Raven's advanced progressive matrices freed of difficulty factors. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 41, 1295-1302. LYNN, R., ALLIK, J., PULLMAN, H. & AIDRA, K. (2002). Sex differences on the progressive matrices among adolescents : Some data for Estonia. Personality & Individual Differences, 34, 669-679.
COURT, J.H. (1983). Sex differences in performance on Raven's progressive matrices : A review. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 29, 54-74. VERGUTS T. & DE BOECK, P. (2002). The induction of solution rules in Raven's Progressive Matrices Test. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 14, 521-547.
VILLARDITA, C. (1985). Raven's colored progressive matrices and intellectual impairment in patients with focal brain damage. Cortex, 21, 627-634. LYNN, R ALLIK, J. & IRWING, P. (2004). Sex differences on three factors identified in Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. Intelligence, 32, 411-424.
CARPENTER, P.A., JUST, M.A. & SCHELL, P. (1990). What one intelligence test measures : A theoretical account of the processing in the Raven's progressive matrices test. Psychological Review, 97, 404-431. ABAD, F.J., COLOM, R., REBOLLO, I. & ESCORIAL, S. (2004). Sex differential functioning in the Raven's advanced progressive matrices : Evidence for bias. Personality & Individual Differences, 36, 1459-1470.
ARTHUR, W. & WOEHR, D.J. (1993). A confirmatory factor analytic study examining the dimensionality of the Raven's progressive matrices. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 50, 471-478. COLOM, R., ESCORIAL, S. & REBOLLO, I. (2004). Sex differences on the progressive matrices are influenced by sex differences on spatial ability. Personality & Individual Differences, 37, 1289-1293.
VODEGEL-MATZEN, L., VAN DER MOLEN, M. & DUDINK, A. (1994). Error analysis of Raven test performance. Personality & Individual Differences, 16, 433-445. MACKINTOSH, N.J. & BENNETT, E.S. (2005). What do Raven's Matrices measure ? An analysis in terms of sex differences. Intelligence, 33, 663-674. [PDF]
DESCHON, R.P., CHAN, D. & WEISSBEIN, D.A. (1995). Verbal overshadowing effects on Raven's advanced progressive matrices : Evidence for multidimensional performance determinants. Intelligence, 21, 135-155. WILEY, J., JAROSZ, A.F., CUSHEN, P.J. & COLESH, G.J.H. (2011). New rule use drives the relation between working memory capacity and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 37, 256-263.
RAVEN, J. RAVEN, J.C. & COURT, J.H. (1998). Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Section 1 : General overview. San Antonio, TX : Harcourt Assessment. VAN DER ELST, W., OUWEHAND, C., VAN RIJN, P., LEE, N., VAN BOXTEL, M. & JOLLES, J. (2013). The Shortened Raven Standard Progressive Matrices : Item response theory-based psychometric analyses and normative data. Assessment, 20 (1), 48-59.
 
Voir aussi Test psychométrique
Test des signes : Test statistique non-paramétrique, qui permet de comparer K échantillons ou groupes appariés. = test du signe. Sign test.
 
RAISON, J. (1957). Le test des signes. Note complémentaire théorique. Revue de Statistique Appliquée, 5 (3), 91-98.
YANG, M.C.K. & SCHRECKENGOST, J.F. (1981). Difference sign test for comovements between two time serie. Communications in Statistics, Theory & Methods, A10, 355-369.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaétan Morin. Voir aussi Test statistique
Test des tracés : Test psychologique qui évalue la flexibilité cognitive. Il se déroule en deux étapes. Dans un premier temps, le sujet doit relier une série de nombres en ordre croissant le plus rapidement possible (1-2-3-4...); lors de la seconde étape, il doit procéder de la même manière mais en alternant des nombres et des lettres (1-A/2-B/3-C ...). Le sujet doit donc planifier en parallèle et en alternance deux tâches sans qu'elles interfèrent entre elles. Trail Making Test, TMT, Army Individual Test Battery.
 
REITAN, R.M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perception & Motor Skills, 8,271-276.
DAVIES, A. (1986). The influence of age on Trail Making Test performance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 96–98.
CORRIGAN, J.D. & HINKELDEY, M.S. (1987). Relationships between Parts A and B of the Trail Making Test. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 402–409.
GAUDINO, E.A., GEISLER, M.W. & SQUIRES, N.K. (1995). Construct validity in the Trail Making Test : what makes Part B harder ? Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 17 (4), 529-535.
BECHTOLD-KORTLE, K, HOPKINS, J. & HORNE, M.D. (2002). The Trail Making Test, Part B : Cognitiv flexibility or ability to maintain set ? Applied Neuropsychology, 9 (2), 106-109.
TOMBAUGH, T.N. (2004). Trail Making Test A and B: Normative data stratified by age and education Author links open overlay panel Tom N Tombaugh. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19 (2), 203-214. [PDF)
 
Voir aussi Test psychométrique
Test du cube de Knox : Knox cube imitation test.
 
VECCHI, T. & RICHARDSON, J.T.E. (2001). Measures of visuospatial short-term memory: The knox cube imitation test and the corsi blocks test compared. Brain & Cognition, 46, 291-295.
Voir aussi Test psychométrique
Test du développement moral de Rest : Defining Issues Test, DIS.
 
REST, J., THOMA, S.J., NARVAEZ, D. & BEBEAU, M.J. (1997). Alchemy and beyond : indexing the Defining Issues Test. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 498-507.
REST, J.R., NARVAEZ D., THOMA, S. & BEBEAU, M. (1999). DIT2 : Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 9, 644-659.
REST, J.R., NARVAEZ D., BEBEAU, M. & THOMA, S. (1999). A neo-kohlbergian approach : The DIT and schema theory. Educational Psychology Review, 11 (4), 291-324.
NARVAEZ D. & BOCK, T. (2002). Moral schemas and tacit judgment or how the Defining Issues Test is supported by cognitive science. Journal of Moral Educational, 31 (3), 297-314.
 
Voir aussi Rest et Test psychométrique
Test du khi-deux : Khi2 : Test d'hypothèse, inventé par Pearson (1900), qui permet de comparer deux ou plusieurs variables qualitatives nominales, afin d'inférer entre elles un lien de dépendance. NDLR : Doit-on écrire Khi-deux avec un trait d'union ou non ? L'usage semble hésitant... Quoi qu'il en soit, prononcez «Qui deux». = Khi2 , khi carré, test du khi, khi de Pearson. Pearson's chi-square test, chi-squared test, Tests of chi-squared types.
 
PEARSON, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables is such that it can be reasonably supposed to have arisen from random sampling. Philosophical Magazine Series, 5, 50 (302), 157-175. [PDF] + [PDF] GOULET, C. (2003). Tutoriel SPSS/Comment faire un khi-deux/Khi-carré. Montréal : Collège Ahuntsic.
FISHER, R.A. (1922). On the interpretation of ?2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 87-94. BENTON, D. & KRISHNAMOORTHY, K. (2003). Computing discrete mixtures of continuous distributions : Noncentral chisquare, noncentral t and the distribution of the square of the sample multiple correlation coefficient. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 43, 249-267.
YULE, G.U. (1923). On the application of the khi-deux method to association and contingency tables, with experimental illustrations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 95-104.
YATES, F. (1934). Contingency table involving small numbers and the X2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1 (2), 217-235. YUAN, K.H. & BENTLER, P.M. (2004). On chi-square difference and Z tests in mean and covariance structure analysis when the base model is mispecified. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 64, 737-757.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1952). The X2 test of goodness of fit. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23, 315-345. LAURENCELLE, L. (2005). La représentativité d'un échantillon et son test par le Khi-deux. Lettres Statistiques, 12, 131-146.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1954). Some methods for strengthening the common X2 tests. Biometrics, 10, 417-451. LAURENCELLE, L. (2007). Les tableaux de fréquences 2 x 2 et leur traitement statistique. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3 (1), 14-25. [PDF]
MOORE, D.S. (1986). Tests of chi-squared type. In R.B. D'Agostino & M.A. Stephens (Eds.), Goodness- of-fit techniques (pp. 63-96). New York : Marcel Dekker.
PLACKETT, R.L. (1983). Karl Pearson and the chi-squared test. International Statistical Review, 51 (1), 59-72.
RAO, J.N.K. & SCOTT, A.J. (1984). On chi-squared tests for multiway contingency tables with cell proportions estimated from survey data. Annals of Statistics, 12, 46-60.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse et Test statistique
Test du khi-deux corrigé : Utilisé à la place d'un X2 lorsque N < 20 et que tous les effectifs théoriques sont inférieurs à 5. = test de correction de la continuité de Yates. Yates continuity correction X2 test.
 
YATES, F. (1934). Contingency table involving small numbers and the ?2 test. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1 (2), 217-235.
GRIZZLE, J.E. (1967). Continuity correction in the X 2-test for 2 X 2 tables. American Statistician, 21, 28-32.
CONOVER, W.J. (1974). Some reasons for not using the Yates continuity correction on 2 x 2 contingency tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, 374-376.
HABER, M. (1980). A comparison of some continuity corrections for the Chi-square test on 2 x 2 tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 75, 510-515.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse et Test statistique
Test du log-anova : Test statistique visant à comparer l'homoscédascité de deux échantillons.
   
Voir aussi Homoscédascité et Test statistique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test du mini-mental : Test psychologique, inventé par Folstein, Folstein et McHugh, qui détecte l'existence et évalue l'ampleur d'un trouble neuro-cognitif (démence). Mini-Mental State, Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE.
 
FOLSTEIN, M.F., FOLSTEIN, S.E. & McHUGH, P.R. (1975). Mini-Mental State : a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12 (3), 189-198. AEVARSSON, O. & SKOOG, I. (2000). A longitudinal population study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in the very old : relation to dementia and education. Dementia & Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 11, 166-175.
MAGAZINER, J., BASSETT, S.S. & HEBEL, J.R. (1987). Predicting performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination : use of age and educational-specific equations. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 35, 996-1000. DORAIlSWAMY, P.M. & KAISER, L. (2000). Variability of the Mini-Mental State Examination in dementia. Neurology, 54, 1538-1539.
FILLENBAUM, G.G., HUGHES, D.C., HEYMAN, A., GEORGE, L.K. & BLAZER, D.G. (1988). Relationship of health and demographic characteristics to Mini-Mental State Examination score among community residents. Psychological Medicine, 18, 719-726.
O'CONNOR, D.W., POLLITT, P.A., HYDE, J.B., FELLOWS J.L., MILLER, N.D., BROOK C.P. & REISS B.B. (1989). The reliability and validity of the Mini-Mental State in a British community survey. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 23, 87-96. JUVA, K., SULKAVA, R., VERKKONIEMI, A. & NIINISTÖ, L. (2001). Sex differences in cognitive performance among the very old & Mini-Mental State Examination in a population aged 85 years and over. Journal of Clinical Geropsychology, 7 (1), 39-45.
GALASKO, D., KLAUBER, M.R., HOFSTETTER, C.R., SALMON, D.P., LASKER, B. & THAL, L.J. (1990). The Mini-Mental State Examination in the early diagnosis of alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 47, 49-52.
OLIN, J.T. & SELINSKI, E.M. (1991). The 12-month reliability of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Psychological Assessment, 3 (3), 427-432. JONES, R.N. & GALLO, J.J. (2002). Education and sex differences in the Mini-Mental State Examination : effects of differential item functioning. Journal of Gerontology, 57B, 548-558.
UHLMANN, R.F. & LARSON, E.B. (1991). Effect of education on the Mini-Mental State Examination as a screening tests for dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 39, 876-880. SHIGEMORI, K., OHGI, S., OKUYAMA, E., SHIMURA, T. & SCHNEIDER, E. (2010). The factorial structure of the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) in Japanese dementia patients. BMC Geriatrics, 10, 36-42. [PDF]
TOMBAUGH, T.N. & McINTYRE, N.J. (1992). The mini-mental state examination : a comprehensive review. Journal of American Geriatric Society, 40(9), 922-935. BOBANA, M., MALOJCIC, B., MIMICA, N., VUKOVIC, S., ZRILIC, I., HOF, P.R. & SIMIC, G. (2012). The reliability and validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination in the erlderly Croatian population. Dementia & Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 33, 385-392. [PDF]
JAGGER, C., CLARKE, M., ANDERSON, J. & BATTCOCK, T. (1992). Misclassification of dementia by the Mini-Mental State Examination - Are education and social class the only factors ? Age & Ageing, 21, 404-411.
DEALBERTO, M.J., GAGNON, M., BARBERGER-GATEAU, P., DARTIGUES, J.F. et ALPEROVITCH, A.A. (1992). Influence du niveau d'études sur un test de dépistage de la démence, le Mini-Mental State Examination. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 40, 93-101.
CRUM, R.M., ANTHONY, J.C., BASSETT, S.S. & FOLSTEIN, M.F. (1993). Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and education level. Journal of American Medical Association, 269, 2386-2391.
IZAKS, G.J., GUSSEKLOO, J., DERMOUT, K.M.T., HEEREN, T.J. & LIGTHART, G.J. (1995). Three-year follow-up of Mini-Mental State Examination score in community residents aged 85 and over. Psychological Medicine, 25, 841-848.
TOMBAUGH, T.N., McDOWELL, I., KRISTJANSSON, B. & HUBLEY, A.M. (1996). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Modified MMSE (3MS) : a psychometric comparison and normative data. Psychological Assessment, 8 (1), 48-59.
MAGNI, E., BINETTI, G., PADOVANI, A., CAPPA, S.F. & BIANCHETTI, A. (1996). Mini-Mental State Examination in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. International Psychogeriatrics, 8, 127-134.
JACQMIN-GADDA, H., FARIBOULE, C., COMMENGES, D. & DARTIGUES, J.-F. (1997). A 5-year study of the Mini-Mental State Examination in normal aging. American Journal of Epidemiology, 145, 498-506 CREAVIN, S.T., WISNIEWSKI, S., NOEL-STORR, A.H., TREVELYAN, C.M., HAMPTON, T., RAYMENT, D., THOM, V.M., NASH, K.J.E., ELHAMOUI, H., MILLIGAN, R., PATEL, A.S., TSIVOSDV, WING, T., PHILLIPS, E., KELLMAN, S.M., SHACKLETON, H.L., SINGLETON, G.F., NEALE, B.E., WATTON, M.E. & CULLUM, S. (2016). Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for the detection of dementia in clinically unevaluated people aged 65 and over in communityandprimary care populations. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 1. [PDF]
KANG, Y., NA, D.L. & HAHN, S.H. (1997). A validity study on the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination in dementia patients. Journal of Korean Neurological Association, 15, 300-307. BAEK, M.J., KIM, K., PARK, Y.H. & KIM, S. (2016). The validity and reliability of the Mini-Mental State Examination-2 for detecting mild cognitive impairment and alzheimer's disease in a Korean population. PLOS  One, 11 [9], 1-19. [PDF]
BRAYNE, C. (1998). The Mini-Mental State Examination, will we be using it in 2001 ? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13, 285-290.
KRAEMER, H.C., MORITZ, D.J. & YESAVAGE, J. (1998). Ajusting Mini-Mental State Examination score for age and educational level to screen for dementia : correcting bias or reducing validity ? International Psychogeriatrics, 10, 43-51.
GRIGOLETTO, F., ZAPPALA, G., ANDERSON, D. & LEBOWITZ, B. (1999). Norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination in a healthy population. Neurology, 53, 315-320.
CLARK, C.M. SHEPPARD, L., FILLENBAUM, G.G., GALASKO, D., MORRIS, J.C., KOSS, E., MOHS, R. & HEYMAN, A. (1999). Variability in annual Mini-Mental State Examination score in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease : a clinical perspective of data from the Consortium to establish a eegistry for Alzheimer's disease. Archives of Neurology, 56, 857-862.

Voir aussi Test psychologique, Test du MOCA et Alzheimer
Test du miroir : Dispositif expérimental utilisé de manière différente selon que l'on souhaite mesurer la reconnaissance de soi ou l'agressivité : a) En psychologie, cette procédure expérimentale, mise au point par Gallup, ser à vérifier la capacité d'un enfant ou d'un animal à se reconnaître dans un miroir. On utilise également ce test pour accroître la conscience de soi./a> b) En éthologie, le test du miroir est également utilisé pour induire des comportements agonistiques chez des espèces qui ne se reconnaissent pas dans un miroir (notamment chez les poissons comme le Xiphophorus helleri) et observer les menaces et les attaques à l'égard du dispositif. Test du miroir, reconnaissance de soi et conscience de soi. = épreuve du miroir. Mirror test, mirror effect.
   
a
BOULANGER-BALLEYGUIER, G. (1964). Premieres réactions devant le miroir. Enfance, 1, 51-67. HEYES, C.M. (1995). Self-recognition in primates : Further reflections create a hall of mirrors. Animal Behaviour, 50 (1), 533-1542. [PDF]
GALLUP, G.G. (1970). Chimpanzees : self-recognition. Science, 167, 86-87. INOUE, N. (1995). Mirror self-recognition among infant chimpanzees : Application of longitudinal and cross-sectional methods. Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology, 5, 51-60.
AMSTERDAM, B. (1972). Mirror self-image reactions before age two. Developmental Psychobiology, 5, 297-305. WALRAVEN, V., VAN ELSACKER, L. & VERHEYEN, R. (1995). Reactions of a group of pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus) to their mirror-images: Evidence of self-recoguition. Primates, 36, 145-150.
BENHAR, E., CARLTON, P. & SAMUEL, D. (1975). A search for mirror-image reinforcement and self-recognition in baboons. In S. Kondo, M. Kawai & A. Ehara (Eds.), Contemporary primatology (pp. 202-208). Tokyo : Japan Science Press. INOUE-NAKAMURA, N. (1997). Mirror self-recognition in nonhuman primates : A phylogenetic approach. Japanese Psychological Research, 39 (3), 266-275. [PDF]
ZAZZO, R. (1975). Des jumeaux devant le miroir: Questions de methode. Journal de Psychologie, 4, 389-341. GLANZER, M., KIM, K. & ADAMS, J.K. (1998). Response distribution as an explanation of the mirror effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning Memory & Cognition, 24, 633-644.
EPSTEIN, R., LANZA, R.P. & SKINNER, B.F. (1981). "Self-awareness" in the pigeon. Science, 212, 695-696. [PDF] HYATT, C.W. (1998). Responses of gibbons (Hylobates lar) to their mirror images. American Journal of Primatology, 45, 307-311.
ANDERSON, J.R. (1983). Responses to mirror-image stimulation, and assessment of self-recognition in mirror-and peer-reared stumptail macaques. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35, 201-222. SWARTZ, K.B., SARAUW, D. & EVANS, S. (1999). Comparative aspects of mirror self-recognition in great apes. In S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell & H.L. Miles (Eds.), The mentalities of gorillas and orangutans : Comparative perspectives (pp. 283-294). New York : Cambridge University Press.
EGLASH, A.R. & SNOWDON, C.T. (1983). Mirror-image responses in pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea). American Journal of Primatology, 5, 211-219. UJHELYI, M., BUK, P., MERKER, B. & GEISSMANN, T. (2000). Observations on the behavior of gibbons (Hylobates leucogenys, H. gabriellae, and H. lar) in the presence of mirrors. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 114 (3), 253-262. [PDF]
ANDERSON, J.R. (1984). Monkeys with mirrors : some questions for primate psychology. International Journal of Primatology, 5, 81-98. VYT, A. (2001). Processes of visual self-recognition in in- fants : Experimental induction of "mirror" experience via video self-image presentation. Infant & Child Development, 10, 173-187.
BAYART, F. & ANDERSON, J.R. (1985). Mirror-image reactions in tool-using, adult male Macaca tonkeana. Behavioural Processes, 10, 219-227.
PLATT, M.M. & THOMPSON, R.L. (1985). Mirror responses in a Japanese macaque troop. Primates, 26, 300-314. GALLUP, G.G., ANDERSON, J.R. & SHIKLITO, D.J. (2002). The mirror test. In M. Bekoff, C. Allen & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal (pp. 325-333). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
ANDERSON, J.R. (1986). Mirror-mediated finding of hidden food by monkeys (Macaca tonkeana and M. fascicularis). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 100, 237-242.
ANDERSON, J.R. & CHAMOVE, A.S. (1986). Infant stumptail macaques reared with mirrors or peers : Social responsiveness, attachment, and adjustment. Primates, 27, 63-82.
ITAKURA, S. (1987). Use of a mirror to direct their responses in Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata fuscata). Primates, 28, 343-352. ROCHAT, P. & STRIANO, T. (2002). Who's in the mirror ? Self- other discrimination in specular images by 4- and 9-month-old infants. Child Development, 73, 35-46.
ANDERSON, J.R. & ROEDER, J.-J. (1989). Responses of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) to different conditions of mirror-image stimulation. Primates, 30, 581-587. KEENAN, J.P., FALK, D. & GALLUP, G.G. (2003). The face in the mirror : The search for the origins of consciousness. New York : Harper Collins Publishers.
MORIN, A. & DEBLOIS, S. (1989). Gallup's mirrors : More than an operationalization of self-awareness in primates. Psychological Reports, 65, 287-291. NIELSEN, M., DISSANAYAKE, C. & KASHIMA, Y. (2003). A longitudinal investigation of self-other discrimination and the emergence of mirror self-recognition. Infant Behavior & Development, 26, 213-226.
GLANZER, M. & ADAMS, J.K. (1990). The mirror effect in recognition memory : Data and theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 16, 5-16. TATTERSALL, I. (2003). The Monkey in the mirror : Essays on the science of what makes us human. Mariner Books.
GALLUP, G.G. & SUAREZ, S.D. (1991). Social responding to mirrors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) : effects of temporary mirror removal. Journal of Comparative Psychology 105 (4), 376-379. NIELSEN, M. & DISSANAYAKE, C. (2004). Pretend play, mirror self-recognition and imitation: A longitudinal investi- gation through the second year. Infant Behavior & Development, 27, 342-365.
GLANZER, M., ADAMS, J.K. & IVERSON, G. (1991). Forgetting and the mirror effect in recognition memory : Concentering of underlying distributions. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory & Cognition, 17, 81-93. SHERMAN, P.W. & BEKOFF, M. (2004). Monkeys, mirrors, mark tests and minds. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 19 (8), 407-408.
FORNASIERI, I., ROEDER, J. & ANDERSON, J.R. (1991). Les reactions au miroir chez trois especes de lemuriens (Lemur fulvus, L. macaco, L. catta). Comptes Rendus de L'academie des Sciences, 312, 349-354. NIELSEN, M., SUDDENDORF, T. & SLAUGHER, V. (2006). Mirror self-recognition beyond the face. Child Development, 77 (1), 176-185. [PDF]
MITCHELL, R.W. (1993). Mental models of mirror self-recognition : Two theories. New Ideas in Psychology, 11, 295-325. BROESCH, T.L., CALLAGHAN, T., HENRICH, J., MURPHY, C. & ROCHAT, P. (2011). Cultural variations in children's mirror sef-recognition. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 42 (6), 1018-1029. [PDF]
THOMPSON, R.L. & BOATRIGHT-HOROWITZ. S.L. (1994). The question of mirror-mediated self-recognition in apes and monkeys: Some new results and reservations. In S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell, & M.L. Boccia (Eds.), Self-awareness in animals and humans : Developmental perspectives (pp. 330-349). New York : Cambridge University Press. ANDERSON, J.R. & GALLUP, G.G. (2011) Do rhesus monkeys recognize themselves in mirrors ? American Journal of Primatology, 73, 603-606.

BALZARINI, V., TABORSKY, M., WANNER, S., KOCH, F. & FROMMEN, J.G. (2014). Mirror, mirror on the wall : the predictive value of mirror tests for measuring aggression in fish. Behavoral Ecology Sociobioology, 68 (5), 871–878.
ITAKURA, S. (1994). An exploratory study of mirror-image shape discrimination in young children : vision and touch. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 78, 83-88. CHANG, L., FANG, Q., ZHANG, S., POO, M.-M. & ONG, N. (2015) Mirror-induced self-directed behaviors in rhesus monkeys after visual-somatosensory training. Current Biology, 25 (2), 212-217. [PDF]
BOCCIA, M.L. (1994). Mirror behavior in macaques. In S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchell, & M.L. Boccia (Eds.), Self-awareness in animals and humans (pp. 350-360). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. TODA, K. & PLATT, M.L. (2015). Animal cognition : Monkeys pass the mirror test. Current Biology, 25 (2), 64-66. [PDF]
ANDERSON, J.R. (1994). The monkey in the mirror : A strange conspecific. In S.T. Parker, R.W. Mitchel & M.L. Boccia (Eds.), Self-awareness in animals and humans : developmental perspectives (pp 315-329. New York : Cambridge University Press. ANDERSON, J.R. & GALLUP, G.G. (2015). Mirror self-recognition : a review and critique of attempts to promote and engineer self-recognition in primates. Primates, 56 (4), 317-326. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Concept de soi, Conscience de soi et Reconnaissance de soi
b
BEAUGRAND, J.P., GOULET, C. & PAYETTE, D. (1991). Outcome of dyadic conflict in male green swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) : Effects of body size and prior dominance. Animal Behaviour, 41, 187-194. DE WAAL, F.B.M., DINDO, M., FREEMAN, C.A. & HALL, M. (2005). The monkey in the mirror : Hardly a stranger. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102, 11140-11147.
Voir aussi Comportements agonistiques
Test du MMPI : Sigle pour Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Test de personnalité objectif, l'un des plus utilisés dans le monde, inventé en 1937, par Hathaway et McKinley. MMPI, mesure de la personnalité et personnalité. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMP- MMPI-2I.
 
HATHAWAY, S.R. & McKINLEY, J.C. (1940). A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota) : Construction of the schedule. Journal of Psychology, 10, 249-254. HERSH, P.D. & ALEXANDER, R.W. (1990). MMPI profile
patterns of emotional disability claimants. Journal of
Clinical Psychology, 46,
793-799.

GREENE, R.L. (1990). Stability of MMPI scale scores with
four code types across forty years. Journal of Personality
Assessment, 55,
1-6

GRAHAM, J.R., WATTS, D. & TIMBROOK, R.E. (1991). Detecting fake good and fake bad MMPI-2 profiles. Journal of Personality Assessment, 57, 264-277.
MEEHL, P.E. (1946). Profile analysis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in differential diagnosis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 30, 517-524. BEN-PORATH, Y.S., BUTCHNER, J.N. & GRAHAM, J.R. (1991). Contribution of the MMPI-2 Content Scales to the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia and major depression. Psychological Assessment, 3, 634-640.
MEEHL, P.E. & HATHAWAY, S.R. (1946). The K factor as a supressor variables in the MMPI. Journal of Applied Psychology, 30, 525-564. BERRY, D., BAER, R. & HARRIS, M. (1991). Detection of malingering on the MMPI : A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 585-598.
McKINLEY, J.C. & MEEHL, P.E. (1948). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory : VI. The K scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 12, 20-31. WOYCHYSHYN, C.A., McELHERAN, W.G. & ROMENY, D.M. (1992). MMPI validity measures : A comparative study of iriginal with alternative indices. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 138-148.

CORTINA, J.M., DOHERTY, M.L., SCHMITT, N., KAUFMAN, G. & SMITH, R.G. (1992). The "big five" personality factors in the IPI and MMPI : Predictors of police performance. Personnel Psychology, 45, 119-141.
HATHAWAY, S.R. & MEEHL, P.E. (1951). An atlas for the clinical use of the MMPI. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press. WEED, N.C., BUTCHER, J.N. & WILLIAMS, C.L. (1994). Development of MMPI-A alcohol/drug problem scale. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, 296-302.
FORDYCE, W.E. (1956). Social desirability in the MMPI. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20, 171-175. KELLEY, P.L., JACOBS, R.R. & FARR, J.L. (1994). Effects of
multiple administrations of the MMPI for employee
screening. Personnel Psychology, 47, 575-591.
FRICKE, B.G. (1956). Response sets as a suppressor variable in the OAIS and MMPI. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20, 161-169. FRUEH, C.B., LEVERETT, J.P. & KINDER, B.N. (1995). Interrelationship between MMPI-2 and Rorschach variables in a sample of Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 312-318.
MERRILL, R.M., HEATHERS, L.B. & FORDYCE, W.E. (1956). The relation of the MMPI to the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule on a College Counseling Center Sample. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 20, 310-314.   ARBISI, P.A. & BEN-PORATH, Y.S. (1995). An MMPI-2 Infrequent Response Scale for use with psychopathological populations: The Infrequency- Psychopathology Scale, F(p). Psychological Assessment, 7 (4), 424-431.
MEEHL, P.E. & DAHLSTROM, W.G. (1960). Objective configural rules for discriminating psychotic from neurotic MMPI profiles. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 24, 375-387. BISSON, T. (1997). Le M.M.P.I. Grenoble : Presses universitaires de Grenoble.
MEEHL, P.E. (1959). A comparison of clinicians with five statistical methods of identifying MMPI profiles. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 6, 102-109. ARCHER, R.P., FONTAINE, J. & MCCRAE, R. R. (1998). The effects of two MMPI-2 validity scales on basic scale relations to external criteria. Journal of Personality Assessment, 70, 87-102.
EDWARDS, A.L. (1962). Social desirability and expected means on MMPI Scales. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 22 (1), 71-76. WORKOWSKI, E.J. & PALLONE, N.J. (1999). Previously unscored pre-service MMPI data in relation to police performance over a decade : A multivariate inquiry. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 29, 71-94.
PERKINS, J. & GOLDBERG, L.R. (1964). Contextual effects on the MMPI. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28, 133-140. ZHANG, J.X. SONG, W.Z. & ZHANG, M.Q. (1999). Introduction on Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and it's standardization process in mainland China and Hong Kong. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 1, 29-31.
GOLDBERG, L.R. (1969). The search for configural relationships in personality assessment : The diagnosis of psychosis vs. neurosis from the MMPI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 4, 523-536. KLONSKY, E.D. & BERTELSON, A.D. (2000). MMPI-2 clinical scale differences between dysthymia and major depression. Assessment, 7, 143-149. [PDF]
WIGGINS, J.S., GOLDBERG, L.R. & APPLEBAUM, M. (1971). MMPI content scales : Interpretative norms and correlations with other scales. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 37, 403-410. BAER, R.A. & MILLER, J. (2002). Underreporting of psychopathology on the MMPI-2: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Assessment, 14, 16-26.
DEROGATIS, L.R., RICKELS, K. & ROCK, A. (1976). The SCL-90 and the MMPI : A step in the validation of a new self-report scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 280-289. WANG, J., ZHANG, Y. & LUO, G. (2005). A study on applicability of brief MMPI for Chinese armed police force. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 13, 138-140.
BUTCHER, J.N. & TELLEGEN, A. (1978). Common methodological problems in MMPI. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 46 (4), 620-628. TELLEGEN, A., BEN-PORATH, Y.S., SELBOM, M., ARBISI, P.A., McNULTY, J.L. & GRAHAM, J.R. (2006). Further evidence on the validity of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales : Response to Rogers, Sewell, Harrison and Jordan and Nichols. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87, 148-171.
GOLDEN, R. & MEEHL, P.E. (1979). Detection of the schizoid taxon with MMPI indicators. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88, 217-233. TELLEGEN, A. & BEN-PORATH, Y.S. (2008). The Minnesota Multiphaisc Personality Inventory -2 Restructured Form: Technical manual. Minneapolis, MN : University of Minnesota Press.
DRALLE, P.W. & BAYBROK, R.M. (1985). Screening of police applicants: A replication of a 5- item MMPI research index validity study. Psychological Reports, 57, 1031-1034. SIIRA, V., WAHLBERG, K.E., MIETTUNNEN, J. & LÄSKY, K. (2008). MMPI measures as signs of predisposition to mental disorder among adoptees at high risk for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 158 (3), 278-286.
SHUSMAN, E.J., INWALD, R.E. & KNATZ, H. (1987). A cross-validation of police recruit performance as predicted by the IPI and MMPI. Journal of Police Science & Administration, 15, 162-169. BUTCHER, J.N. (2009). Personality assessment with the MMPI-2 : Historical roots, international adaptations, and current challenges. Applied Psychology : Health & Well-Being, 2, 105-135.
COSTA, P.T., BUSCH, C.M., ZONDERMAN, A.B. & McCRAE, R.R. (1986). Correlations of MMPI factor scales with measures of the five factor model of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 50, 640-650. TELLEGEN, A., BEN-PORATH, Y.S. & SELBOM, M. (2009). Construct validity of the MMPI-2- Restructured Clinical (RC) Scales : Reply to Rouse, Greene, Butcher, Nichols, & Williams. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91 (3), 211-221.
ERICKSON, W.D., LUXENBERG, M.G., WALBEK, N.H. & SEELY, R.K. (1987). Frequency of MMPI two-point code types among sex offenders. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 55, 566-570. PERFECT, M.M., THARINGER, D.J., KEITH, T.Z. & LYLE-LAHROUD, T. (2011). Relations between Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-A Scales and Rorschach variables with scope and severity of maltreatment among adolesecents. Journal of Personality Assessment, 93, 582-591.
 
Voir aussi Test objectif et Mesure de la personnalité
Test du MOCA : Voir Test d'évaluation des fonctions cognitives de Montréal. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), MoCA test Full.
Test du N-back : Test de la mémoire à court terme/de travail, qui consiste à présenter des lettres ou des fomes successives (EX: carré, triangle, cercle) au sujet qui doit répondre uniquement quand une forme (cercle) a déjà été présenté n positions auparavant (par exemple, 2 positions (n) auparavant). N-back test.
 
OWEN, A.M., McMILLAN, K.M., LAIRD, A.R. & BULLMORE, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm : A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25 (1), 46-59.
KANE, M.J., CONWAY, A.R.A., MIURA, T.K. & COLFLESH, G.J.H (2007). Working memory, attention control, and the N-back task : a question of construct validity. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 33 (3), 615-622.
JAEGGI, S.M., STUDER-LUETHI, B., BUSCHKUEHL, M., SU, Y.-F., JONIDES, J. & PERRIG, W.J. (2010). The relationship between n-back performance and matrix reasoning -- implications for training and transfer. Intelligence, 38 (6), 625-635.
JAEGGI, S.M., BUSCHKUEHL, M., PERRIG, W.J. & MEIER, B. (2010). The concurrent validity of the N-back task as a working memory measure. Memory, 18 (4), 394-412.
 
Voir aussi Test psychométrique
Test du pouvoir : Test de réalité qu'une parti politique doit subir lorsqu'il forme le gouvernement. En effet, une fois au pouvoir, les partis sacrifient souvent de grands pans de leur idéologie et de leur programme politique. Des projets ou des valeurs au coeur de ces programmes sont mis sur la glace ou en veilleuses, soit parce qu'ils étaient irréalistes ou flous, soit parce qu'ils n'étaient en fait que des stratégies ou des techniques pour persuader l'électeur, ou bien encore en raison de la conjoncture sociale et économique qui ne se prête pas à la réalisation de tels projets/valeurs. De fait, les partis trop à gauche ou à droite gouvernent souvent au centre et les élections qui les portent au pouvoir sont souvent le théâtre d'une migration idéologique vers le "p'tit mou commun".
 
Test du tri qualitatif : Test projectif d'évaluation du point de vue d'un sujet, de ses opinions, inventée par Stephenson. Le sujet doit choisir à partir d'une liste d'énoncés décrivant des traits, des comportements ou des attitudes celles qui lui semblent le mieux correspondre à ses opinions, à son point de vue. Q-sort method.
 
STEPHENSON, W. (1953). The study of behavior : Q-technique and its methodology. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
STEPHENSON, W. (1982). Q-methodology, interbehavioral psychology, and quantum theory. Psychological Record, 32, 235-248.
STEPHENSON, W. (1987). Q-methodology : Interbehavioral and quantum theoretical connections in clinical psychology. In D.H. Ruben & D.J. Delprato (Eds.), New ideas in therapy (pp. 95-106). Westport, CT : Greenwood.
 
Voir aussi Test projectif et Stephenson
 Test du Wisconsin : WCST : Test neuropsychologique élaboré par Grant et Berg (1948) pour évaluer les fonctions exécutives. Il s'agit d'un jeu de 128 cartes qui présentent des formes que l'on peut classer ou associer selon la couleur, la forme ou le nombre. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
 
GRANT, D.A. & BERG, E. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 404-411. SMITH-SEEMILLER, L., ARFFA, S. & FRANZEN, M.D (2001). Use of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test short forms with scholl-age children. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 16, 489-499.
HEATON, R.K. (1981). A manual for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL. LAVOIE, K. & EVERETT, J. (2001). Schizophrénie et performance au Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. L'encéphale, 27, 444-449.
HARTMAN, M., BOLTON, E. & FEHNEL, S.E. (2001). Accounting for age differences on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test : decreased working memory, not inflexibility. Psychology & Aging, 16 (3), 385-399.
WANG, L., KAKIGI, R. & HOSHIYAMA, M. (2001). Neural activities during Wisconsin Card Sorting Test - MEG observation. Brain Research : Cognitive Brain Research, 12, 19-31.
GRAFMAN, J., JONES, B. & SALAZAR, A. (1990). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance based on location and size of neuroanatomical lesion in Vietnam veterans with penetrating head injury. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 71, 1120-1122. MONCHI, O., PETRIDES, M., PETRE, V., WORSLEY, K. & DAGHER, A. (2001). Wisconsin card sorting revisited : Distinct neural circuits participating in different stages of the task identified by event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Journal of Neuroscience, 21 (19), 7733-7741.
STUSS, D.T., LEVINE, B., ALEXANDER, M.P., HONG, J., PALUMBO, C., HAMER, L. MURPHY, K. & IZUKAWA, D. (2000). Wisconsin card sorting test performance in patients with focal frontal and posterior brain damage: Effects of lesion location and test structure on separable cognitive processes. Neuropsychologia, 38, 388-402.
ARNETT, P.A., RAO, S.M., BERNARDIN, L., GRAFMAN, J., YETKIN, F.Z. & LOBECK, L. (1994). Relationship between frontal lobe lesions and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 44 (3), 420-425. DEMAKIS, G.J. (2003). A meta-analytic review of the sensitivity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test to frontal and lateralized frontal brain damage. Neuropsychology, 17, 255-264.
BERMAN K.F., OSTREM J.L., RANDOLF, C., GOLD, J., GOLDBERG, T.E, COPPOLA R., CARSON, R.E., HERSCOVITCH, P. & WEINBERGER, D.R. (1995). Physiological activation of a cortical network during performance of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test : A positron emission tomography study. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1027-1046. GREVE, K.W., STICKLE, T.R., LOVE, J., BIANCHINI, K.J. & STANFORD, M.S. (2005). Latent structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test : a confirmatory factor analytic study. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 20, 355-364.
NYHUS, E. & BARCELO, R. (2009). The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the cognitive assessment of prefrontal executive functions : A critical update. Brain & Cognition 71 (2009) 43-451. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test psychométrique
Test empirique : Tester empiriquement : En méthodologie, le test est une recherche qui vise à éprouver la véracité d'une hypothèse et la solidité d'une théorie en les confrontant directement aux faits. Le test permet donc de vérifier si hypothèse/théorie sont vraies ou fausses. Le résultat de ce test peut être favorable ou non (test négatif) à la théorie et entraîner son rejet en partie ou en totalité. = recherche empirique.
 
Test exact de Fisher : Test statistique élaboré par Fisher lorsque les conditions d'application du Khi-deux ne sont pas observés, par exemple un petit nombre de sujets. Fisher's exact test, Fisher exact probability test.
 
FISHER, R.A. (1922). On the interpretation of ?2 from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85 (1), 87-94.
METHA, C.R. & PATEL, N.R. (1983). A network algorithm for performing Fisher's exact test in r Xc contingency tables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 78 (382), 427-434.
YATES, F. (1984). Tests of Significance for 2 x 2 contingency tables (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 147 (3), 426-463.
METHA, C.R., PATEL, N.R. & TSIATIS, A. (1984). Exact significance testing to establish treatment equivalence with ordered categorical data. Biometrics, 40 (3), 819-825.
AGRESTI, A. (1992). A survey of exact inference for contingency tables. Statistical Science, 7 (1), 131-153.

Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse et Test statistique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test F : Terme générique qui englobe tout test statistique dont la distribution de probabilités obéit à la loi de fisher. L'analyse de variance est l'un de ces tests. F test.
 
RAO, J.N.K. & WANG, S. (1995). On the power of F tests under regression models with nested error structure. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 53, 237-246.
STEIGER, J.H. (2004). Beyond the F test : Effect size confidence intervals and tests of close fit in the analysis of variance and contrast analysis. Psychological Methods, 9 (2), 164-182. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse et Test statistique
Test G : Test de conformité. Test of goodness-of-fit.
 
FISHER, R.A. (1922). The goodness of fit of regression formula, and the distribution of regression coefficients. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 85, 597-612. BOLLEN, K.A. & STINE, R. (1992). Bootstrapping goodness of fit measures in structural equation models. Sociological Methods & Research, 21, 205-229.
COCHRAN, W.G. (1952). The X2 test of goodness of fit. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 23, 315-345. SOKAL, R.R. & ROHLF, F.J. (1994). Biometry : the principles and practice of statistics in biological research. New York : Freeman.
LAMTZ, K. (1978). Small-sample comparisons of exact levels for chi-squared goodness-of-fit statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 73 (362), 253-263. MADEU-OLIVARES, A. & JOE, H. (2006). Limited information goodness-of-fit testing in multidimensional contingency tables. Psychometrika, 71, 713-732.
BLACK, P., LAURENCELLE, L. (1987). Le test G pour les tableaux de fréquences et sa décomposition additive. Lettres Statistiques, 8, 99-114. MADEU-OLIVARES, A. & GARCIA-FORERO, C. (2010). Goodness-of-Fit testing. International Encyclopedia of Education, 7, 190-196. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test statistique
Test Khi-2 : Voir Test du Khi-deux. Pearson's chi-square test, chi-squared test, Tests of chi-squared types.
Test mental : Voir Test d'intelligence. Intelligence test, IQ test, mental test, measuring intelligence.
Test négatif : Test empirique qui se solde par l'infirmation ou la falsification d'une hypothèse. En science, cette vérification ou mise à l'épreuve prend la forme d'une recherche empirique. = hypothèse infirmée, confrontation négative. /test positif.
   
Voir aussi Test empirique
Test non-paramétrique : Voir Test statistique non-paramétrique. Non-parametric statistic, free distribution test.
Test objectif : Tout test psychologique dont les bonnes réponses sont déterminées par le chercheur. Il contient habituellement des questions à choix multiple ou des mises en situation. EX: MMPI. /test projectif. Objective test.
Tests objectifs
Échelle d'évaluation de la déficience cognitive Inventaire de dépression infantile de Kovacs Test de probabilité des intentions
Échelle de Bayley Inventaire de la personnalité d'Eysenk (EPI) Test de Stanford-Binet
Échelle de Barkley Inventaire de la personnalité d'Inwald (IPI) Test de Woodcock
Échelle de Bogardus MMPI Test de Woodcock-Johnson
Échelle de dépression de Montgomery et Asberg NEMI Test des matrices progressives de Raven
Échelle de Timidité de Cheek et Buss PISA Test du cube de Knox
Échelle de Weiss Test d'Ammons Test du développement moral de Rest
Échelle de Wender Test d'aptitude Test du mini-mental
Échelle F Test d'association implicite Test du miroir
Échelle SNAP Test d'évaluation des fonctions cognitives de Montréal (MOCA) Test du Wisconsin (VWCST)
Échelle de SWAN Test de Barbeau-Pinard Test seize (16) PF
Échelle Vanderbilt Test de Binet-Simon WAIS
Épreuve de conservation Test de Cattel
Épreuve des Tours de Hanoi Test de dépistage des retards de développement WCST
Épreuve de la Tour de Londres Test de la falaise visuelle WISC
Épreuve du détour Test de la personnailté d'Eysenk (EPQ) WPPSI
Épreuve de nage forcée Test de la personnalité d'Inwald (IPI)  
Épreuve de suspension par la queue Test de la personnalité (névrotique) de Woodworth  
Inventaire d'anxiété Beck Test de Luria-Nebraska  
Inventaire de comportements d'enfant de Eyberg Test de mémoire sémantique  
Inventaire de comportements obsessif-compulsif de Clark/Beck Test de mémoire visuelle de Benton  
Inventaire de dépression de Beck Test de Torrance  
 
 
BORNSTEIN, R.F. (2002). A process dissociation approach to objective-projective test score relationships. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 47-68.

Voir aussi Test psychologique
Test oral : Voir Examen oral. Oral examination, oral exam.
Test papier-crayon : En science, expression qui désigne un type de tests qui demande à un sujet de répondre par écrit à des questions - objectives ou subjectives - ou de résoudre un problème en choisissant une solution, par opposition à une épreuve dans laquelle la réponse du sujet est un comportement moteur. Cette expression a de moins en moins cours aujourd'hui puisque ces tests sont de plus en plus admnistrés au moyen d'un ordinateur. Paper-and-pencil test, Paper-and-pencil instrument.
 
KNAPP, H. & KIRK, S.A. (2003). Using pencil and paper, Internet and touch-ton phones for self- administered surveys : does methodology matter ? Computers in Human Behavior, 19, 117–134.
Voir aussi Test objectif
Test post-hoc : Test statistique que l'on réalise après un premier test (= post-hoc), par exemple une anayse de variance, et dont la fonction est de préciser quelle paire de groupe comparée deux-à-deux est significative. EX: Test de Scheffé. ( ):  Voir tableau ci-bas. Post-hoc test, pairwise multiple comparisons, comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance.
Tests post-hoc
Test de Duncan Test de Sheffé Test de Tukey
Test de Dunnett
Test Student-Newman-Keuls (S-N-K)

 
DAY, R.W. & QUINN, G.P. (1989). Comparisons of treatments after an analysis of variance in ecology. Ecological Monographs, 5, 433-463.
SEAMAN, M.A., LEVIN, J.R. & SERLIN, R.C. (1991). New developments in pairwise multiple comparisons : Some powerful and practicable procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 110, 577-586.
 
Voir aussi Test statistique
Test projectif : Tout test psychologique dont les bonnes réponses ne sont pas déterminées par le chercheur. Il contient habituellement des figures ou des mises en situation floues ou ambiguës. = test subjectif, méthode projective. /test objectif. ( ): C.A.T., Test de Rorscharch, Test de Szondi, T.A.T. Projective test.
Tests projectifs
CAT Test de Rorscharch Test du tri qualitatif
Test de frustration de Rosenzweig Test de Szondi TAT

GEMELLI, A. (1950). Le film comme methode projective. Acta Psychologica, 7, 190-195. LILIENFELD, S.O. (2000). Projective measures of personality and psychopathology. How well do they work ? Skeptical Inquirer, 23 (5), 32-39.
VAN LENNEP, D.J. & HOUWINK, R.H. (1951/52). Projection tests and overt behavior. Acta Psychologica, 8, 240-253. LILIENFELD, S.O., WOOD, J. & GARB, H.N. (2000). The scientific status of projective tests. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 1 (2), 27-66. [PDF]
SOSKIN, W.F. (1954). Bias in postdiction from protective tests. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 49, 69-74.
JENSEN, A.R. (1959). The reliability of projective techniques : methodology. Acta Psychologica, 16, 108-136. LILIENFELD, S.O., WOOD, J. & GARB, H.N. (2001). What's wrong with this picture? Scientific American, 81-87.
MEEHL, P.E. (1959). Structured and projective tests : Some common problems in validation. Journal of Projective Techniques, 23, 268-272. BORNSTEIN, R.F. (2002). A process dissociation approach to objective-projective test score relationships. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 47-68.
 
Voir aussi Test psychologique
Test psychologique : Test psychométrique : Outil de collecte de données et d'évaluation qui permet de mesurer et d'évaluer un grand nombre de phénomènes psychologiques au moyen de questions et de mises en situation réelles ou virtuelles. Les tests permettent d'évaluer les traits de personnalité, les états émotionnels, les troubles cognitifs, les capacités intellectuelles, les intérêts, les habiletés, les valeurs, les opinions, etc. Test psychologique, tâche et épreuve. = test psychométrie. ( ): test objectif, test projectif. Mental test, psychological test, psychometric test.
Tests, épreuves, inventaires et échelles psychologiques
Test objectif Test projectif
CANTAB Test d'association implicite CAT
Échelle d'évaluation de la déficience cognitive Test d'évaluation des fonctions cognitives de Montréal (MOCA) Test de frustration de Rosenzweig
Échelle de Bayley Test de Barbeau-Pinard Test de Rorscharch
Échelle de Barkley Test de Binet-Simon Test de Szondi
Échelle de Bogardus Test de Cattel  Test du tri qualitatif
Échelle de dépression de Montgomery et Asberg Test de dépistage des retards de développement TAT
Échelle de Timidité de Cheek et Buss  Test de la falaise visuelle  Test de la personnalité d'Inwald (IPI)
Échelle de Weiss

Échelle de Wender Test de la personnalité d'Inwald (IPI)
Échelle F Test de la personnalité de Woodworth
Échelle SNAP

Échelle de SWAN
 
Échelle Vanderbilt Test de Luria-Nebraska  
Épreuve de conservation Test de mémoire sémantique  
Épreuve des Tours de Hanoi Test de mémoire visuelle de Benton  
Épreuve de la Tour de Londres Test de probabilité des intentions  
Épreuve du détour Test de rélection cognitive (TRC)
Épreuve de nage forcée Test de Stanford-Binet  
Épreuve de suspension par la queue Test de Woodcock  
Inventaire d'anxiété de Beck Test de Woodcock-Johnson  
Inventaire de comportements d'enfant de Eyberg Test des matrices progressives de Raven  
 Inventaire de comportements obsessif-compulsif de Clark/Beck Test du cube de Knox  
 Inventaire de dépression de Beck Test du développement moral de Rest  
Inventaire de dépression chez les enfants de Kovacs Test du mini-mental  

Test du miroir  
  Inventaire de la personnalité d'Inwald (IPI) Test du Wisconsin (VWCST)  
MMPI Test seize (16) PF  
NEMI WAIS  
PISA WBIS  
Test d'Ammons WCST  
Test d'aptitude WISC  

WPPSI  
Voir aussi Échelle, Épreuve et Inventaire
 
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BURT, C. (1909). Experimental tests of general intelligence. British Journal of Psychology, 3, 94-177.
KENT, G.H. (1923). A combination mental test for clinical use. Journal of applied Psychology, 7, 246-257. CHEVRIER, J.-M. (1990). Chronique de test : Epreuve individuelle d'habileté mentale. McGill Journal of Education, 25 (1), 121-127.
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Voir aussi Épreuve et Tâche
Test-retest (méthode) : Voir Fidélité test-retest. Test-retest reliability.
Test seize (16) PF : Test de personnalité inventé par Cattell pour mesurer les diverses facettes de la personnalité, telles que décrites par sa théorie. = seize facteurs de personnalité. 16PF scales.
 
CATTELL, R.B. & DREVDAHL, J.E. (1955). A comparison of the personality profile (16 P.F.) of eminent teachers and administrators, and of the general population. British Journal of Psychology, 46, 248-261.
GOLDBERG, L.R., NORMAN, W.T. & SCHWARTZ, E. (1980). The comparative validity of questionnaire data (16PF scales) and objective test data (O-A Battery) in predicting five peer-rating criteria. Applied Psychological Measurement, 4, 183-194.
KIRTON, M.J. & DE CIANTIS, S.M. (1986). Cognitive styles and personality : The Kirton Adaptation-Innovation and Cattell 16-PF Personality Factors Inventories. Personality & Individual Differences, 7, 141-146.
KRUG, S.E. & JOHNS, E.F. (1986). A large scale cross-validation of second-order personality structure defined by the 16PF. Psychological Reports, 59 (2), 683-693.
GROSSMAN, L.S. & CRAIG, R.J. (1995). Comparison of MCMI-II and 16PF Validity Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 384-389.
CATTELL, H.E.P. & MEAD, A.D. (2007). The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). In G.J. Boyle, G. Matthews & D.H. Saklofske (Eds.), Handbook of personality theory and testing : Personality measurement and assessment (Vol. 2). London : Sage.
 
Voir aussi Test de personnalité
Test standardisé : Test dont la procédure de passation et de notation est systématique et uniforme. Test, validation et standardisation Standardised assessment.
 
HAMILTON, M. (1969). Standardised assessment and recording of depressive symptoms. Psychiatria, Neurologia, Neurochirurgia, 72, 201-205.
 
Voir aussi Validation et Standardisation
Test statistique : Ensemble de tests et d'analyses qui utilisent les statistiques pour prendre une décision. Test statistique, variation et hasard. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Statistical test.
Propriétés des tests statistiques
Puissance d'un test Test non-paramétrique Test paramétrique
Robustesse d'un test    

Tests/analyses statistiques
Analyse acheminatoire Test de Cochran Test de rang de Friedman
Analyse de la covariance Test de contingence Test de rang de Jonckheree-Terpstra
Analyse de la variance (ANOVA) Test de continuité de Yates Test de rang de Kendall
Analyse de régression Test de corrélation Test de rang de Kruskal et Wallis
Analyse des données dyadiques Test de Cramer-Von Mises Test de robustesse de Moses
Analyse des séries temporelles Test de Duncan Test de Scheffé
Analyse discriminante Test de Dunnett Test de Shapiro-Wilk
Analyse en composantes Test de Fisher-Yates Test de signification
Analyse factorielle Test de Fligner-Kileen Test de Stuart-Maxwell
 Analyse multivariée (MANOVA)   Test de Tukey
Analyse par partionnement Test de Jarque Bera Test de Van der Waerden
 Analyse séquentielle   Test de Wald

Test de Klotz Test de Wald-Wolfowitz
Coefficient de Kappa Test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test de Wallis-Moore
 Coefficient alpha Test de Kruskal-Wallis Test des signes
Coefficient de contingence Test de Kuiper Test du Khi-deux
Coefficient de concordance de Kendall Test de Lehmann Test du Khi-deux corrigé

Test de Mann-Witney Test du log-anova
Chi-carré/Khi-deux Test de la médiane Test non-paramétrique
D de Cohen Test de Levene Test F
G e Hedges Test de McNemar Test G
Khi-deux/Chi-carré Test de Mood Test paramétrique
Test binomial Test de Newman-Keuls/Student-Newman-Keuls Test post-hoc
Test d'ajustement Test de Page Test T
Test d'homogénéité Test de rang d'Ansari-Bradley Test U de Mann-Witney
Test de Bartlett   V de Cramér
 
NEYMAN, J. & PEARSON, S.E. (1933). On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 231, 289-337. [PDF] ZUMBO, B.D. & ZIMMERMAN, D.W. (1993). Is the selection of statistical methods governed by level of measurement ? Canadian Psychology, 34, 390-400. [PDF]
BUCHANAN-WOLLASTON, H.J. (1935). Statistical tests. Nature, 136, 182-183. INMAN, H.F. (1994). Karl Pearson and R.A. Fisher on statistical tests : A 1935 Exchange from Nature. The American Statistician, 48 (1), 2-11.
BERKSON, J. (1942). Tests of significance considered as evidence. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 37 (219), 325-335.
FISHER, R.A. (1956). On a test of significance in Pearson's Biometrika Tables (No. 11). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 18 (1), 56-60.
BAKAN, D. (1966).The test of significanccin psychologicarlescarch. Psychological Bulletin, 66, 1-29.
MORRISON, D. & HENKEL, R.E. (1970). The significance test controversy. Chicago Aldine. STERLING, T.D., ROSENBAUM, W.L. & WEINKAM, J.J. (1995). Publication decisions revisited : The effect of the outcome of statistical tests on the decision to publish and vice versa. American Statistician, 49, 108-112. [PDF]
SCHWWEDER, T. (1988). A significance version of the basic Neyman-Pearson theory for scientific hypothesis testing. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 15, 225-242. COX, D.R. (1995). The relation between theory and application in statistics (with discussion). Test, 4, 207-261.
THOMPSON, B. (1996). AERA editorial policies regarding statistical significance testing : Three suggested reforms. Educational Researcher, 25 (2), 26-30. JOHNSON, D.H. (1999). The insignificance of statistical significance testing. Journal of Wildlife Management, 63 (3), 763-772.
JONES, L.V. & TUKEY, J.W. (2000). A sensible formulation of the significance test. Psychological Methods, 5 (4), 411-414. KLINE, R.B. (2004). Beyond significance testing : reforming data analysis methods in behavioral research. Washington, District of Columbia : American Psychological Association.
LAVEAULT, D et GRÉGOIRE, J. (2002). Introduction aux théories des tests en psychologie et en sciences de l'éducation. Bruxelles : De Boeck Université. POITEVINEAU, J. (2004). L'usage des tests statistiques par les chercheurs en psychologie : aspects normatif, descriptif et prescriptif. Mathématiques et Sciences Humaines / Mathematics & Social Sciences, 42 (3), 5-25. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Estimateur, Ampleur de l'effet, Hasard, Test d'hypothèse, Hypothèse nulle et Seuil de signification
Test statistique (Puissance) : Capacité d'un test statistique à détecter une différence entre deux groupes/mesures (si cette différence existe dans la population, cela va de soi) et donc de postuler l'existence d'un effet. La puissance est donc la probabilité de rejeter l'hypothèse nulle alors qu'elle est fausse (faux négatif). Pour Cohen, il s'agit de la probabilité qu'un test produise des résultats statistiquement significatifs lorsque H0 est fausse. Cette puissance se calcule en soustrayant la probabilité d'une erreur de type II (erreur beta ou ?) moins 1. Cinq facteurs déterminent cette puissance : 1) La taille réelle de l'effet observé (plus cet effet est faible, plus le test doit être puissant pour le détecter); 2) la taille de l'échantillon (plus le n de l'échantillon augmente, plus la puissance du test augmente); 3) la taille réelle de l'effet observé (plus l'effet est faible, plus le test doit être puissant pour le détecter); 4) l'erreur alpha (?) consentie (plus l'erreur alpha est grande, plus la puissance du test est faible); 5) la fréquence naturelle d'apparition du phénomène (plus le phénomène est rare ou variable, plus le test doit être puissant pour le détecter). = résolution ou acuité statistique d'un test. Statistical power.
 
Puissance faible/Conclusion du test : absence de différence entre les 2 groupes (= cercles) Augmentation de la puissance du test/Conclusion : la différence entre les 2 groupes (= cercles) existe bel et bien
COHEN, J. (1962/88). The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research : a review. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 65 (3), 145-153. BLOOM, H.S. (1995). Minimum detectable effects : A simple way to report the statistical power of experimental designs. Evaluation Review, 19 (5), 547-556.
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BLAIR, R.C. & HIGGINS, J.J. (1980). A comparison of the power of Wilcoxon's rank- sum test to that of Student's statistic under various non-normal distributions. Journal of Educational Statistics, 5, 309-335. LEVINE, J. (1997). Overcoming feelings of powerlessness in "aging" researchers : A primer on statistical power in analysis of variance designs. Psychology & Aging, 12, 84-106.
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ZIMMERMAN, D.W. & WILLIAMS, R.H. (1986). Note on the reliability of experimental measures and the power of significance tests. Psychological Bulletin, 100, 123-124. CLARK-CARTER, D. (1997). The account taken of statistical power in research. British Journal of Psychology, 88 (1), 71-83.
KRAEMER, H.C. & THIEMANN, S. (1987). How many subjects ? Statistical power analysis in research. Newbury Park, CA : Sage Publications. RAUDENBUSH, S.W. & LIU, X. (2000). Statistical power and optimal design for multisite randomized trials. Psychological Methods, 5 (2), 199-213.
MAGID, A., MAZEN, M., HENMASSI, M. & LEWIS, M.F. (1987). Assessment of statistical power in contemporary strategy research. Strategic management journal, 8, 403-410.
LIPSEY, M.W. & HURLEY, S.M. (1989). Design sensitivity : Statistical power for applied experimental research. In M.W. Lipsey (Ed.), Design sensitivity : Statistical power for Experimental Research (pp. 44-76). Sage Publications. [PDF] BEZEAU, S. & GRAVES, R. (2001). Statistical power and effect sizes of clinical neuropsychology research. Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, 23 (3), 399-406.
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SAWILOWSKY, S.S., BLAIR, R.C. & HIGGINS, J.J. (1989). An investigation of the type I error and power properties of the rank transform procedure in factorial ANOVA. Journal of Educational Statistics, 14, 255-267. BOOIL, J. (2002). Statistical power in randomized intervention studies with noncompliance. Psychological Methods, 7 (2), 178-193.
KAZDIN, A.E. & BASS, D. (1989). Power to detect differences between alternative treatments in comparative psychotherapy outcome research. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 57 (1), 138-147. COHN, L.D. & BECKER, B.L. (2003). How meta-analysis increases statistical power. Psychological Methods, 8 (3), 243-253.
ROSSI, J.S. (1990). Statistical power of psychological research : What have we gained in 20 years ? Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 58, 646-656. NAKAGAWA, S. (2004). A farewell to Bonferroni : the problems of low statistical power and publication bias. Behavioral Ecology, 15 (6), 1044-1045.
CHOW, S.L. (1991). Some reservations about power analysis. American Psychologist, 46, 1088-1089. BAGULEY, T. (2004). Understanding statistical power in the context of applied research. Applied Ergonomics, 35 (2), 73-80.
GREEN, S.A. (1991). How many subjects does it take to do a multiple regression analysis ? Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26, 499-510. LAURENCELLE, L. (2005). L'estimation de la puissance statistique à partir des données d'expérience. Lettres Statistiques, 12, 15-36.
COHEN, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-159. [PDF] MacCALLUM, R.C., BROWNE, M.W. & CAI, L. (2006). Testing differences between nested covariance structure models : Power analysis and null hypotheses. Psychological Methods 11 (1), 19-35.
ZIMMERMAN, D.W. & ZUMBO, B.D. (1993). The relative power of parametric and nonparametric statistical methods. In G. Keren & C. Lewis (Eds.), A handbook for data analysis in the behavioral sciences : Methodological issues (pp. 481-517). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. DESCÔTEAUX, J. (2007). Statistical power : An historical introduction. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3 (2), 28-34. [PDF]
ZIMMERMAN, D.W., WILLIAMS, R.H. & ZUMBO, B.D. (1993). Reliability, power, functions, and relations : A reply to Humphreys. Applied Psychological Measurement, 17 (1), 15-16. [PDF] O'KEEFE, D.J. (2007). Post hoc power, observed power, a priori power, retrospective power, prospective power, achieved power : Sorting out appropriate uses of statistical power analyses. Communication Methods & Measures, 1, 291-299. [PDF]
KOSCIULEK, J.F. & SZYMANSKI, E.M. (1993). Statistical power analysis of rehabilitation counseling research. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 36, 212-219. LAURENCELLE, L. (2007). Inventer ou estimer la puissance statistique : Quelques considérations utiles pour le chercheur. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3, 35-42. [PDF]
ZIMMERMAN, D.W., WILLIAMS, R.H. & ZUMBO, B.D. (1993). Reliability of measurement and power of significance tests based on differences. Applied Psychological Measurement, 17, 1-9. YERGEAU, E. (2009). Étude sur la puissance statistique des devis de recherche en éducation. Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation, 35 (2), 199-221. [PDF]
FAUL, F., ERDFELDER, E., BUCHNER, A. & LANG, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. [PDF]
COHEN, J. (1994). The earth is round (p > .05). American Psychologist, 49, 997-1003. [PDF] BOURQUE, J., BLAIS, J. & LAROSE, F. (2009). L'interprétation des tests d'hypothèses : p, la taille de l'effet et la puissance. Revue des Sciences de l'Éducation, 35 (1), 211-226. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Inférence statistique, Différence significative, Seuil de signification, Hypothèse nulle et Tests
Test statistique (Robustesse) : Se dit d'un test statistique qui peut transgresser ses conditions d'application sans compromettre la valeur de ses conclusions (rejet ou non de l'hypothèse nulle). Parmi les conditions d'application des tests, on compte un très petit nombre de sujets (- de 5), la normalité des populations, l'indépendance des échantillons, des populations d'égale variance, etc. Robustness of parametric statistics.

CONOVER, W.J. & KEMP, K.E. (1973). Robustness and power of the t-Test compared with some nonparametric alternatives when sampling from a poisson distribution. Journal of Statistical Computation & Simulation, 2, 293-307. HETTMANSPERGER, T.P. & McKEAN, J.W. (1998). Robust nonparametric statistical methods. London : Arnold.
BROWN, M.B. & FORSYTHE, A.B. (1974). Robust tests for the equality of variances. Journal of the American Statistical Association 69, 364-367.
BRADLEY, J.V. (1978). Robustness ? British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 31, 144-152.
HUBER, P. (1981). Robust statistics. New York : Wiley.
HOAGLIN, D.C., MOSTELLER, E. & TUKEY, J.W. (1983). Understanding robust and exploratory data analysis. New York : Wiley. GANGESTAD, S.W. & THORNHILL, R. (1998). The analysis of fluctuating asymmetry redux : The robustness of parametric statistics. Animal Behaviour, 55, 497-501.
STAUDTE, R.G. & SHEATHER, S.J. (1990). Robust estimation and testing. New York : Wiley. WILCOX, R.R. (2003). Modern robust data analysis methods : Measures of central tendency. Psychological Method, 8 (3), 254-274. [PDF]
WILCOX, R.R. (1993). Robustness in ANOVA. In L. Edwards (Ed.), Applied analysis of variance in the behavioral sciences (pp. 345-374). New York : Marcel Dekker. WILCOX, R.R. (2009). Comparing robust measures of association estimated via a smoother. Communications in Statistics-Simulation & Computation, 38, 1969-1979.
CURRAN, P.J., WEST, S.G. & FINCH, J.F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1 (1), 16-29. WILCOX, R.R., GRANGER, D. & CLARK, F. (2013). Modern robust statistical methods : Basics with illustrations using psychobiological data. Universal Journal of Psychology, 1, 21-31.
WILCOX, R.R. (1997/2005/2012). Introduction to robust estimation and hypothesis testing. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. WILCOX, R.R. (2014). Modern robust statistical methods can provide substantially higher power and a deeper understanding of data. Annals of Phytomedicine 3 (1), 25-30. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test statistique
Test statistique paramétrique : Ensemble de tests statistiques qui se fonde sur la normalité des distibutions de données. Ce principe conduit à l'estimation des paramètres de ces distributions. EX: la moyenne et le test T. Test paramétrique et loi normale. Parametric statistic.
   
Voir aussi Test statistique
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin.
Test statistique non paramétrique : Contrairement aux tests paramétriques, ces tests statistiques ne formulent aucune hypothèse sur la normalité de la distribution de X. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de préciser la forme de la distribution de la population étudiée. Non-parametric statistic, free distribution test.
 
HODGES, J.L. & LEHMANN, E.L. (1956). The efficiency of some nonparametric competitors of the t-test. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 27 (2), 324-335. [PDF] BELL, W.D., ROTHSTEIN, S.M. & LI, W. (1982). Empirical study of some non-parametric tests of dispersion of correlated data. Journal of Statistical Computation & Simulation, 15, 9-15.
SIEGEL, S. (1956). Non-parametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York : McGraw-Hill. SIEGEL, S. & CASTELLAN, N.J. (1988). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences. New York : McGraw-Hill.
CONOVER, W.J. (1971/99). Practical nonparametric statistics. New York : John Wiley and Sons. GIBBONS, J.D. (1998). Non parametric methods for quantitative analysis. Columbus, Ohio : American Sciences Press, Inc.
HOLLANDER, M. & WOLFE, D.A. (1973). Nonparametric Statistics. New York : Wiley. DALMAY, F., PREUX, P.M., DRUET-CABANAC, M. & VERGNENÈGRE, A. (2003). Qu'est-ce qu'un test non paramétrique ? Revue des Maladies Respiratoires, 20 (6), 955-958.
 
Voir aussi Test statistique
 
Test t : Test d'hypothèse élaboré par Gosset, qui permet de comparer la moyenne de deux groupes. = test de Student, test de comparaison des moyennes, test de Gosset. T test, Student's t.
   
 
STUDENT/GOSSET, W.S. (1908). The probable error of a mean. Biometrika, 6, 1-25. GOULET, C. (2003). Tutoriel SPSS/Comment faire un test T. Montréal : Collège Ahuntsic.
BENTON, D. & KRISHNAMOORTHY, K. (2003). Computing discrete mixtures of continuous distributions : Noncentral chisquare, noncentral t and the distribution of the square of the sample multiple correlation coefficient. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 43, 249-267.
STEIGER, J.H. (2004). Beyond the F test : Effect size confidence intervals and tests of close fit in the analysis of variance and contrast analysis. Psychological Methods, 9, 164-182.
HODGES, J.L. & LEHMANN, E.L. (1956). The efficiency of some nonparametric competitors of the t-test. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 27 (2), 324-335. [PDF] COUSINEAU, D. (2007). Computing the power of t-tests. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 3 (2), 60-62.
CONOVER, W.J. & KEMP, K.E. (1973). Robustness and power of the t-Test compared with some nonparametric alternatives when sampling from a poisson distribution. Journal of Statistical Computation & Simulation, 2, 293-307. ROUDER, J.N., SPRECKMAN, P.L., SUN, D. & MOREY, R.D. (2009). Bayesian t tests for accepting and rejecting the null hypothesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16 (2), 225-237. [PDF]
YUEN, K.K. (1974). The two-sample trimmed t for unequal population variances. Biometrika, 61, 165-170. ZUO, Y. (2010). Is the t confidence interval ± t? (n - 1)s/?n optimal ?. The American Statistician, 64 (2), 170-173.
CRESSIE, N.A.C. & WHITFORD, H.J. (1986). How to use the two-sample t-test. Biometrical Journal, 28, 131-148. BORNEMAN, M.J. (2010). Mean comparisons. In N.J. Salkind, B. Frey & D.M. Dougherty (Eds.), Encyclopedia of research design. (pp. 785-790). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
TITACHMAN, J.J., GIAMBALVO, V. & DIPNNER, R S. (1978). On the assumptions concerning the assumptions of a test. Journal of General Psychology, 99, 107-116. DE WINTER, J.C.F. & DODOU, D. (2012). Five-point Likert items : t test versus Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 15 (11), 1-16. [PDF]


SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse
Test U de Mann-Whitney : Test statistique non-paramétrique élaboré séparément par Mann et Witney d'un côté et Wilcoxon de l'autre. Ce test est considéré comme alternative non-paramétrique au test t pour des échantillons indépendants. = test Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, test MWW, test de rang de Wilcoxon. Mann-Whitney U, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, test MWW, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann-Whitney comparaison.
 
MANN, H.B. & WHITNEY, D.R. (1947). On a test of whether one of 2 random variables is stochastically larger than the other. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 18, 50-60.
WILCOXON, F. (1945). Individual comparisons by ranking methods. Biometrics Bulletin, 1, 80-83.
FAGERLAND, M.W. & SANDVICK, L. (2009). The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test under scrutiny. Statistics in Medicine, 28, 1487-1497.
 
SCHERRER, B. (1984). Biostatistique. Chicoutimi : Gaëtan Morin. Voir aussi Test statistique non-paramétrique
Test unilatéral : Tout test statistique qui permet de refuser l'hypothèse nulle et donc d'accepter l'hypothèse alternative selon laquelle le groupe A est > que B ou l'inverse (mais non les deux possibilités car le préfixe un signifie un seul). Contrairement au test bilatéral, le test unilatéral permet de préciser le sens de la différence entre A et B. Tests unilatéral et bilatéral. = test unidirectionnel ou unicaudale. One-sided test, one-tailed test.

 
DEUTSCH, M. (1977). Recurrent themes in the study of social conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 33, 222-225.
 
Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse
Test Z : Test d'hypothèse. Z test.
 
YUAN, K.H. & BENTLER, P.M. (2004). On chi-square difference and z tests in mean and covariance structure analysis when the base model is mispecified. Educational & Psychological Measurement 64, 737-757.
Voir aussi Test d'hypothèse
 
Testabilité : Ensemble des caractéristiques qui permet à une théorie ou à une thérapie d'être soumise à un test empirique, et donc d'être vérifiée ou non par les faits. Ces caractéristiques sont : définitions claires des concepts, organisation logique des concepts (cohérence), variables mesurables avec précision, hypothèses opérationelles, outil de mesure adéquat, etc. Testability.

 
POPPER, K.R. (1968). The logic of scientific discovery. London : Hutchinson.
ZAMORA-BONILLA, J.P. (2003). Meaning and testability in the structuralist theory of science. Erkenntnis, 59, 47-76. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Test empirique
Tester (une théorie) : Voir Vérification empirique et Vérification logique.
Testicule : Testis.
 
BRUBAKER, R. & WICKERSHAM, D. (1990). Encouraging the practice of testicular self-examination : a field application of the theory of reasoned action. Health Psychology, 9, 154-163.
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Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology :Revue scientifique de psychologie appliquée.
LA BARBERA, F. & CARIOTA FARRARA, P. (2012). The effect of European identity on cooperation. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 19 (3), 165-175. [PDF]
 
Testostérone : Hormone masculine sécrétée par les testicules. Elle agit, entre autres, sur le développement des caractères sexuels. Testostérone, agressivité et agression. Testosterone.

 
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ROSE, R., BERNSTEIN, I. & GORDON, T. (1975). Consequences of social conflict on plasma testosterone levels in rhesus monkeys. Psychosomatic Medicine, 37, 50-61. DABBS, J.M. & DABBS, M.G. (2000). Heroes, rogues, and lovers : Testosterone and behavior. New York : McGraw-Hill.
MOFFAT, S.D. & HAMPSON, E. (2000). Salivary testosterone concentrations in left-handers : an association with cerebral language lateralization ? Neuropsychology, 14, 71–81.
MICHAEL, R.P. & BONSALL, R.D. & ZUMPE, D. (1984). The behavioral thresholds of testosterone in castrated male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Hormones & Behavior, 18 (2), 161-176. RABKIN, J.G. WAGNER, G. & RABKIN, R. (2000). A double-blind placebo controlled trial of testosterone therapy for HIV+ men with hypogonadal symptoms. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 141-147.
SACHSER, N. & PRÖVE, E. (1984). Short-term effects of residence on the testosterone responses to fighting in alpha male guinea pigs. Aggressive Behavior, 10, 285-292. NYBORG, H. & JENSEN, A.R. (2000). Testosterone Levels as Modifiers of Psychometric g. Personality & Individual Differences, 28, 601-607.
O'CARROLL, R. & BANCROFT, J. (1984). Testosterone therapy for low sexual interest and erectile dysfunction in men : a controlled study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 146-151. DAVIS, S.R. & TRAN, J. (2000). Testosterone influences libido and well being in women. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal, 12, 33–37.
ZUMPE, D. & MICHAEL, R.P. (1985). Effects of testosterone on the behavior of male cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Hormones & Behavior, 19 (3), 265-277. BERG, S.J. & WYNNE-EDWARDS, K.E. (2001). Changes in testosterone, cortisol, and estradiol levels in men becoming fathers. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 76 (6), 582-592.
WINGFIELD, J.C., BALL, G.F., DUFTY, A.M., HEGNER, R.E. & RAMENOFSKY, M. (1987). Testosterone and aggression in birds. American Scientist, 75 (6), 602-608. [PDF] RABKIN, J.G. WAGNER, G.J. & RABKIN, R. (2001). Testosterone's effects not limited to mood (letter). Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 403-404.
DABBS, J.M. RUBACK, R.B., FRADY, R.L., HOPPER, C.H. & SGOUTAS, D.S. (1988). Saliva testosterone and criminal violence among women. Personality & Individual Differences, 9, 269-275.
 
JULIAN T. & McKENRY, P.C. (1989). Relationship of testosterone to men's family functioning in mid-life. Aggressive Behavior 15, 281-289. O'CONNOR, D.B., ARCHER, J., HAIR, M. & WU, F.W.C. (2001). Activational effects of testosterone on cognitive function in men. Neuropsychologia, 39, 1385-1394. [PDF]
DABBS, J.M. (1990). Salivary testosterone measurements : reliability across hours, days and weeks. Physiology & Behavior, 48, 83-86. GUAY, A.T. (2001). Decreased testosterone in regularly menstruating women with decreased libido : a clinical observation. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 27, 513-519.
ALEXANDER, G.M. & SHERWIN, B.B., BANCROFT, J.B. & DAVIDSON, D.W. (1990). Testosterone and sexual behavior in oral contraceptive users and nonuser s: A prospective study. Hormones & Behavior, 24, 388-402. DABBS, J.M., BERNIERI, F.J., STRONG, R.K., CAMPO, R. & MILUN, R. (2001). Going on stage : Testosterone in greetings and meetings. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 27-40.
ALEXANDER, G.M. & SHERWIN, B.B. (1991). The association between testosterone, sexual arousal, and selective attention for erotic stimuli in men. Hormones & Behavior, 25, 367-381. BOOK, A.S., STARZYK, K.B. & QUINSEY, V.L. (2001). The relationship between testosterone and aggression : A meta-analysis. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 6 (6), 579-599.
MAZUR, A., BOOTH, A. & DABBS, J. (1992). Testosterone and chess competition. Social Psychology Quarterly, 55, 70-77. MAZUR, A. (2002). Does testosterone cause machismo ? Contemporary Psychology, 47, 275-276.
ROOF, R.L. & HAVENS, M.D. (1992). Testosterone improves maze performance and induces development of a male hippocampus in females. Brain Research, 572 (12), 310-313. HINES, M., GOLOMBOK, S., RUST, J., JOHNSTON, K.J. & GOLDING, J. (2002). Testosterone during pregnancy and gender role behavior of preschool children : A longitudinal, population study. Child Development, 73, 1678-1687.
DE BEUN, R., JANSEN, E., SLANGEN, J.D. & VAN DE POLL, N.E. (1992). Testosterone as appetitive and discriminative stimulus in rats : Sex- and dose-dependent effects. Physiology & Behavior, 5 (4), 629-634. DABBS, J.M., CATE, K., BROWER, A., EMERY, C., LEANDER, P. & ZACHERY, M. (2003). Testosterone treatment, affect, and appearance : Slight effects in normal subjects. Social Behavior & Personality, 31, 387-394.
ELLIS, L. & NYBORG, H. (1992). Racial/ethnic variations in male testosterone levels : A possible contributor to group differences in health. Steroids, 57 (2), 72-75. NEAVE, N. & WOLFSON, S. (2003). Testosterone, territoriality, and the "home advantage". Physiology & Behavior, 78, 269-275. [PDF]
DABBS, J.M., (1992).Testosterone and occupational achievement. Social Forces, 70, 813-824. NYBORG, H. (2004). Multivariate modelling of testosterone-dominance associations. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 27, 155-162.
ALEXANDER, G.M., PACKARD, M.G. & HINES, M. (1994). Testosterone has rewarding affective properties in male rats : Implications for the biological basis of sexual motivation. Behavioral Neuroscience, 108, 424-428. O'CONNOR, D.B., ARCHER, J. & WU, F.C.W. (2004). Effects of testosterone on mood, aggression and sexual behavior in young men : A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 89, 2837-2845.
DABBS, J.M., CARR, T.S., FRADY, R.L. & RIAD, J.K. (1995). Testosterone, crime, and misbehavior among 692 male prison inmates. Personality & Individual Differences, 18 (5), 627-633. HOOVEN, C.K., CHABRIS, C.F., ELISON, P.T. & KOSSLYN, S.M. (2004). The relationship of testosterone to components of mental rotation. Neuropsychologia, 42, 782-790. [PDF]
DIAMOND, M., LACUNA, A. & WONG, C. (1995). Sex behavior after neonatal progesterone, testosterone, estrogen or antiandrogens hormones. Behavior, 4 (1-2), 73-88. POISBLEAU, M., FRITZ, H., GUILLEMAIN, M. & LACROIX, A. (2005). Testosterone and linear social dominance status in captive male dabbling ducks in winter. Ethology, 111, 493-509. [PDF]
VAN ANDERS, S.M. & HAMPSON, E. (2005). Waist-to-hip ratio is positively associated with bioavailable testosterone but negatively associated with sexual desire in healthy pre-menopausal women. Psychosomatic Medicine, 67, 246-250.[PDF]
DABBS, J.M. (1997). Testosterone, smiling, and facial appearance. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 21, 45-55. ISIDORI, A.M., GIANETTA, E., GIANFRILLI, D., GRECO, E.A., BONIFACIO, V., AVERSA, A., ISIDORI, A., FABBRI, A. & LENZI, A. (2005). Effects of testosterone on sexual function in men : Results of a meta-analysis. Clinical Endocrinology, 63, 381-394. [PDF]
 lien TÖNNESSEN, F.E. (1997). Testerone and dyslexia. Pediatric Rehabilitation, 51-58. BEEHNER, J.C., BERGMAN, T.J., CHENEY, D.L., SEYFARTH, R.M. & WHITTEN, P.L (2005). Testosterone predicts future dominance rank and mating activity among male chacma baboons. Behavioral Ecology & Sociobiology, 59 (4), 469-479. [PDF]+[PDF]

MAZUR, A. (2006). The role of testosterone in male dominance contests that turn violent. Social Biology, 53 (1-2), 24-29.
KRAUSE, W., MUELLER, U. & MAZUR, A. (2006). Testosterone supplementation in the aging male : Which questions have to be answered ?The Aging Male, 8, 31-38.
ARCHER, J. (2006). Testosterone and human behavior : An evaluation of the challenge hypothesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 319-345.
TRAVISON, T.G., MORLEY, J.E., ARAUJO, A.B., O'ODNNELL, A.B. & McKINLAY, J.B. (2006). The relationship between libido and testosterone levels in aging men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 91 (7), 2509-2513.
MAZUR, A. (2006). Testosterone and social behavior. Social Forces, 86, 166-191.
McDERMOTT, R., JOHNSON, D., COWDEN, J. & ROSEN, S. (2007). Testosterone and Aggression in a Simulated Crisis Game. In J. Hibbing & K. Smith (Eds.), The annals : Biology and political behavior. American Academy of Political and Social Science.
VAN ANDERS, S.M., HAMILTON, L.D. & WATSON, N.V. (2007). Multiple partners are associated with higher testosterone in North American men and women. Hormones & Behavior, 51, 454-459.
JOHNSON, D.D.P., McDERMOTT, R., BARRETT, E.S., COWDEN, J., WRANGHAM, R., McINTYRE, M.H. & ROSEN, S. (2006). Overconfidence in wargames : experimental evidence on expectations, aggression, gender and testosterone. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B), 273 (1600), 2513-2520.
KINSBERG, S., SHIFREN, J., WEKSELMAN, K., RODENBERG, C., KOOCHAKI, P. & DEROGATIS, L. (2007). Evaluation of the clinical relevance of benefits associated with transdermal testosterone treatment in postmeno- pausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4, 1001-1008.
MEHTA, P.J., JONES, A.C. & JOSEPHS, R.A. (2008). The social endocrinology of dominance : Basal testosterone predicts cortisol changes and behavior following victory and defeat. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 94 (6), 1078-1093. [PDF]
CARRÉ, J.M. & McCORMICK, C.M. (2008). Aggressive behavior and change in salivary testosterone concentrations predict willingness to engage in a competitive task. Hormones & Behavior, 54, 403-409. [PDF]
ALLAN, C.A., FORBES, E.A., SRAUSS, B.J. & McLACHIAN, R.I. (2008). Testosterone therapy increases sexual desire in ageing men with low-normal testosterone levels and symptoms of androgen deficiency. International Journal of Impotence Research, 20, 396-401. [PDF]

MAZUR, A. (2009). Dominance hierarchies. In J. Levine & M. Hogg (Eds.), Encyclopedia of group processes and intergroup relations. Sage.
SAPOLSKY, R. (1998). The trouble with testosterone : And other essays on the biology of the human predicament. Scribner. CARRÉ, J.M. (2009). No place like home : testosterone responses to victory depend on game location. American Journal of Human Biology, 21, 392-394. [PDF]
DABBS, J.M. (1998) Testosterone and the concept of dominance. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, 370-371. CAMPBELL, B.C., DREBER, A., APICELLA, C.L., EISENBERG, D.T.A., GRAY, P.B., LITTLE, A.C., GARCIA, J.R., ZAMORE, R.S. & LUM. K.J. (2010). Testosterone exposure, dopaminergic reward, and sensation-seeking in young men. Physiology & Behavior, 99 (4), 451-456. [PDF]
BENRHARDT, P.C., DABBS, J.M., FIELDEN, J.A. & LUTTER, C.D. (1998) Testosterone changes during vicarious experiences of winning and losing among fans at sporting events. Physiology & Behavior, 65, 59-62. MILLER, S.L. & MANER, J.K. (2010). Scent of a woman : Men's testosterone responses to olfactory ovulation cues. Psychological Science, 21, 276-283. [PDF]
TREMBLAY, R.E., SCHAAL, B., BOULERICE, B., ARSENEAULT, L., SOUSSIGNAN, R.G., PAQUETTE, D. & LAURENT, D. (1998). Testosterone, physical aggression, dominance, and physical development in early adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, 753-777. CARRÉ, J. & PUTNAM, S.K. (2010). Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 475-479. [PDF]
MAZUR A. & BOOTH, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral & Brain Science, 21, 353-397. [PDF] LIENING, S.H. & JOSEPHS, R.A. (2010). It is not just about testosterone : Physiological mediators and moderators of testosterone's behavioral effects. Social & Personality Psychology Compass, 4 (11), 982-994. [PDF]
CARRÉ, J.M. & MEHTA, P.J. (2011). Importance of considering testosterone-cortisol interactions in predicting human aggression and dominance. Aggressive Behavior, 37, 1-3. [PDF]

EISENEGGER, C., HAUSHOFER, J. & FEHR, E. (2011). The role of testosterone in social interaction. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15 (6), 263-271. [PDF]

DENSON, T.F., MEHTA, P.H. & HO TAN, D. (2013). Endogenous testosterone and cortisol jointly influence reactive aggression in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38, 416-424. [PDF]

REIS, S.L. & ABDO, C.H. (2014). Benefits and risks of testosterone treatment for hypoactive sexual desire disorder in women : a critical review of studies published in the decades preceding and succeeding the advent of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Clinics, 69 (4), 294-303. [PDF]

JORDAN-YOUNG, R. & RUMIATI, R. (2015). Debating a testosterone "sex gap". American Association for the Advancement of Science, 348 (6237), 858-886.

MAZUR, A. (2016). Testosterone is high among young Black men with little education. Frontiers in Sociology, 1 [1], 1-5. [PDF]

CORONA, G., RASTRELLI. G., MORGENTALER, A., SFORZA, A., MANNUCCI. E. & MAGGI, M. (2017). Meta-analysis of results of testosterone therapy on sexual function based on International Index of Erectile Function Scores. European Urology, 72 (6), 1000-1011.

KOHN, T.P. & RAMASAMY, R. (2017). Is a normal testosterone level necessary for erectile function ? European Urology, 72 (6), 1012-1013.

FINE, C. (2017). Testosterone Rex. : Myths of sex, science and society. W.W. Norton.
 
Voir aussi Violence, Dominance e Hormone
Tête : Voir Blessure à la tête et Cerveau.
Tête (Circonférence) : Head circumference.
   
FROEHLICH, W., CLEVELAND, S., TORRES, A., PHILLIPS, J., COHEN, B., TORIGOE, T., MILLER, J., FEDELE, A., COLLINS, J., SMITH, K., LOTSPEICH, L., CROEN, L.A., OZONOFF, S., LAJONCHERE, C., GRETHER, J.K., RISCH, N. & HALLMAYER, J. (2013). Head circumference in twins with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, 43, 2026-2037. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Apparence physique
Tetlock Philip E. ( ) : Psychosociologue canadien et spécialiste de l'étude des conflits et des idéologies. Il s'intéresse également aux styles cognitifs. Collaborateur de Jussim, Singh, Skitka, Stern, Suedfeld et Roese.
TETLOCK, P.E. & LEVI, A. (1983). Attribution biais : On the inconclusiveness of the cognition : Motivation debate. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 18, 66-888. [PDF]
TETLOCK, P.E. (1986). A value pluralism model of ideological reasoning. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 50, 819-827. [PDF]
TETLOCK, P.E. (1994). Political psychology or politicized psychology : Is the road to scientific hell paved with good moral intentions ? Political Psychology, 15, 509-530. [PDF]
TETLOCK, P.E. (2004). Political psychology : The challenges of sustaining interdisciplinary research programs. Contemporary Psychology, 49 (2), 170-173. [PDF]
TETLOCK, P.E., VISSER, P., SINGH, R., POLIFRONI, M., ELSON, B., MAZZOCCO, P. & RESCOBER, P. (2007). People as intuitive prosecutors : The impact of social control motives on attributions of responsibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 195-209. [PDF]
Teven Jason J. ( ) : Spécialiste américain de l'éducation et de la communication. Il s'intéresse notamment à la convivialité des enseignants. Collaborateur de McCroskey et Richmond.
TEVEN, J.J. & McCOSKEY, J.C. (1997). The relationship of perceived teacher caring with student learning and teacher evaluation. Communication Education, 46, 1-9. [PDF]
TEVEN, J.J. & HANSON, T.L. (2004). The impact of teacher immediacy and perceived caring on teacher competence and trustworthiness. Communication Quarterly, 52, 39-53. [PDF]
TEVEN, J.J. & McCROSKEY, J.C. & RICHMOND, V.P. (2006). Communication correlates of perceived Machiavellianism of supervisors : Communication orientations and outcomes. Communication Quarterly, 54, 127-142.
TEVEN, J.J. (2007). Teacher temperament : Correlates with teacher caring, burnout, and organizational outcomes. Communication Education, 56 (3), 382-400. [PDF]
TEVEN, J.J. (2010). The effects of supervisor nonverbal immediacy and power use on employees' ratings of credibility and affect for the supervisor. Human Communication, 13, 69-85.
Texte : Ensemble de phrases, généralement divisé en paragraphes, dont le but est d'exprimer au moins une idée.
   
Voir aussi Idée et Phrase
Texte (Compréhension) : Voir Compréhension de texte. Comprehension text.
Texte (Dans le...) : Voir Citer dans le texte.
Texte: Cette fonction du lexique vous permet de lire des textes/articles/chapitres de livre des auteurs disponibles sur internet, en format html ou pdf. Exemple de Des PDF sont aussi disponibles sous [PDF]

Texte scientifique : Voir Communication scientifique, Ouvrage scientifique et Source scientifique. Scientific paper, scientific book.
Texto : Voir Message-texte. SMS, short message service.
   
Voir aussi Message-texte
TEM - THAGARD - THALAMUS - THÈME DE RECHERCHE - THÉORÈME - THÉORÊT - THÉORIE - THÉRAPEUTE - THÉRAPIE - THÈSE - THI
Thagard Paul R. (Yorkton Canada 1950-) : Philosophe cognitiviste américain, d'origine canadienne, spécialisé dans l'étude du raisonnement (modèle computationnel) et des émotions. Collaborateur de Holyoak, Nisbett et Holland.
THAGARD, P.R. (1982). From the descriptive to the normative in psychology and logic. Philosophy of Science, 49 (1), 24-42. [PDF]
THAGARD, P.R. (1989). Explanatory coherence. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 12, 435-467. [PDF]
THAGARD, P.R. (1992). Adversarial problem solving : Modelling an opponent using explanatory coherence. Cognitive Science, 16, 123-149. [PDF]
 THAGARD, P. (2005). The emotional coherence of religion. Journal of Cognition & Culture, 5, 58-74. [PDF]
 THAGARD, P. (2006). Evaluating explanations in science, law, and everyday life. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 141-145. [PDF]
Thalamus : Structures jumelles du cerveau découverte par Galien. Il s'agit en fait de deux noyaux de matière grise qui relaient et filtrent les messages sensoriels au cortex cérébral. Thalamus et amygdale. Thalamus, thalamic nuclei.
 
LEGROS CLARK, W.E. (1932). The structure and connections of the thalamus. Brain 55, 406-470. LEDOUX, J.E., FARB, C. & RUGGIERO, D.A. (1990). Topographic organization of neurons in the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 10 (4), 1043-1054. [PDF]
MORISON, R.S. & DEMPSEY, E.W. (1942). A study of thalamo-cortical relations. American Journal of Physiology, 135, 281-292 VON KROSIGK, M., BAL, T. & MCCORMICK, D.A. (1993). Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus. Science, 261, 361-364.
LASHLEY, K.S. & SPERRY, R.W. (1943). Olfactory discrimination after destruction of the anterior thalamic nuclei. American Journal of Physiology, 139, 446-450.
MAGOUN, H.W. & McKINLEY, W.A. (1942). The termination of ascending trigeminal and spinal tracts in the thalamus of the cat. American Journal of Physiology, 137, 409-416. PURPURA, K.P. & SCHIFF, N.D. (1997). The thalamic intralaminar nuclei : a role in visual awareness. The Neuroscientist, 3, 8-15.
POLLEN, D.A., PEROT, P. & REID, K.H. (1963). Experimental bilateral wave and spike from thalamic stimulation in relation to level of arousal. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 13, 1017-1028. VAN DER WERF, Y.D., WITTER, M.P., UYLINGS, H.B. & JOLLES, J. (2000). Neuropsychology of infarctions in the thalamus : a review. Neuropsychologia, 38, 613-627. [PDF]
POLLEN, D.A. (1964). Intracellular studies of cortical neurones during thalamic induced wave and spike. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 17, 398-404. BENDER, D.B. & YOUAKIM, M. (2001). Effect of attentive fixation in macaque thalamus and cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 85 (1), 219-234. [PDF]
JONES, E.G. (1985). The Thalamus. New York : Plenum Press. GAILLOUD, P., CAROTA, A., BOGOUSSLAVSKY, J. & FASEL, J. (2003). Histoire de l'anatomie du thalamus de l'antiquité à la fin du XIXe siècle. Archives Suisses de Neurologie, Neurochirurgie et de Psychiatrie, 154, 49-58.
RAFAL, R.D. & POSER, M.I. (1987). Deficit in human spatial attention following thalamic lesions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A. 84, 7349-7353. SHERMAN, S. (2006). Thalamus. Scholarpedia. 1 (9), 1583. [PDF]
LEDOUX, J.E., FARB C. & RUGGERIO, D.A. (1990). Topographic organization of neurons in the acoustic thalamus that project to the amygdala. Journal of Neuroscience, 10, 1043-1054. JONES, E. (2006). The thalamus 2. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
EDELINE, J.M. & WEINBERGER, N.M. (1991). Thalamic short-term plasticity in the auditory system : associative returning of receptive fields in the ventral medial geniculate body. Behavioral Neuroscience, 105 (5), 618-639. KAAS, J.H. (2007). The thalamus revisited : where do we go from here ? Brain, 130 (9), 2470-2473. [PDF]
BUTLER, A.B. (2008). Evolution of the thalamus : A morphological and functional review. Thalamus & Related Systems, 4 (1), 35-58.
EDELINE, J.M. & WEINBERGER, N.M. (1992). Associative retuning in the thalamic source of input to the amygdala and auditory cortex : receptive field plasticity in the medial division of the medial geniculate body. Behavioral Neuroscience, 106 (1), 81-105. KUNIATSU, J. & TANAKA, M. (2010). Roles of the primate motor thalamus in the generation of antisaccades. Journal of Neuroscience, 30 (14), 5108-5117. [PDF]
PARNAUDEAU, S., TAYLOR, K.T., BOLKAN, S .S., WARD, R.D., BALSAM, P. & KELLENDONK, C. (2015) Mediodorsal thalamus hypofunction impairs flexible goal-directed behavior. Biological Psychiatry, 77, 445-453.
 
PINEL, J. (2007). Biopsychologie. Pearsons. Voir aussi Cerveau et Noyaux de matière grise
Thalassa : Revue qui consacre ses pages à la psychanalyse. Éditeur :
FONAGY, P., TARGET, M. & GERGELY, G. (2001). Dysfunctional attachment relationships and the psychosocial origins of borderline personality disorder. Thalassa : Journal of the International Sándor Ferenczi Society, 12 (1), 21-49.
 
Thaler Richard (East Orange 1945-) : Économiste américain et spécialiste du comportement social et de la théorie des jeux. On lui doit la théorie du libéralisme paternalisme (nudge theory). Il a reçu prix de la Banque de Suède en Sciences Économiques en 2017. Collaborateur de Dawes, Kahneman et Tversky.
THALER, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organisation, 1, 39-60. [PDF]
THALER, R. (1981). Some empirical evidence on dynamic inconsistency. Economic Letters, 8, 201-207. [PDF]
THALER, R. (1985). Mental accounting and consumer choice. Marketing Science, 4 (3), 199-214. [PDF]
THALER, R. (1994). Psychology and savings policies. American Economic Review, 84 (2), 186-192. [PDF]
THALER, R., TVERSKY, A., KAHNEMAN, D. & SCHWARTZ, A. (1997). The effect of myopia and loss aversion on risk taking : An experimental test. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 12 (2), 647-661. [PDF]
DEDAI, A.C. (2011). Libertarian paternalism, externalities, and the “spirit of liberty”: How Thaler and Sunstein Are nudging us toward an “overlapping consensus. Law & Social Inquiry, 36 (1), 263–295. [PDF]
Thanatos : Thanatos est un dieu grec. Chez Freud, pulsion qui engendre des comportements haineux, violents et destructeurs. = pulsion de mort. /Éros. Thanatos.
 
Théisme : Doctrine philosophique qui postule l'existence d'un dieu comme explication fondamentale du monde physique et social. Contrairement au déisme, le théisme considère Dieu comme à l'origine de toute chose et la religion comme un intermédiaire entre Dieu et les humains, Théisme et déisme. /Athéisme. Theism

 
LALOUETTE, J. (2010). Déisme et théisme. In Dictionnaire des faits religieux. Édition Quadrige/P.U.F.
GRÜNBAUM, A. (1987). Psychoanalysis and theism. The Monist, 70 (2), 152-192.
Thelen Esther (Brooklin 1941-2004 Bloomington) : Psychologue américaine et spécialiste du développement des enfants, notamment du développement moteur. Collaboratrice de Bates.
THELEN, E. (1985). Developmental origins of motor coordination: Leg movements in human infants. Developmental Psychobiology, 18, 1–22.
THELEN, E. KELSO, J. & FOGEL, A. (1987). Self-organizing systems and infant motor development. Developmental Review, 7, 39–65.
THELEN, E. & ULRICH, B. (1991). Hidden skills : A dynamic systems analysis of treadmill stepping during the first year. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 56, 1–104.
THELEN, E. (1995). Motor Development : A new synthesis. American Psychologist, 50 (2), 79-95.
THELEN, E. & BATES, E. (2003). Connectionism and dynamic systems : Are they really different ? Developmental Science, 6, 378–391.
ADOLPH, K., CORBETTA, D., VEREIJKEN, B. & SPENCER, J. (2005).In meoriam : Esther Thelen. Infancy, 7 (1), 1-4. [PDF]
ADOLPH, K. & VEREIJKEN, B. (2005). Esther Thelen (1941-2004) : Obituary. American Psychologist, 60 (9), 1032. [PDF]
Thème de recherche : Partie d'un domaine de recherche qui englobe un certain nombre de phénomènes, de théories et de recherches qui s'articulent autour de problèmes scientifiques plus ou moins résolus. Theme.
 
Science
  Domaine de recherche  
  Thème de recherche  
  Problème de recherche  

 
DEUTSCH, M. (1977). Recurrent themes in the study of social conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 33, 222-225.
Theofilou Pareskevi ( ) : Psychologue grec et spécialiste de l'étude de la santé, notamment de la qualité de vie.
THEOFILOU, P. (2011). Quality of life in patients undergoing haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment. Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, 3, 132-138.
THEOFILOU, P. (2011). The role of sociodemographic factors in health-related quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 4, 40-50.
THEOFILOU, P. (2012). The relation of social support to mental health and locus of control in chronic kidney disease. Journal of Renal Nursing, 4, 18-22.
THEOFILOU, P. (2012). Self-esteem in Greek dialysis patients : The contribution of health locus of control. Iranian Journal of Kidney Diseases, 6 (2), 136-140.
THEOFILOU, P. (2013). Quality of life : Definition and measurement. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 9 (1), 150-162. [PDF]
Théorème : Proposition dont la véracité peut être logiquement ou mathématiquement démontrée. Théorème et axiome. Theorem.

Théorèmes
Théorème central limite Théorème de Bayes Théorème de Coase
 


 
LUCE, D. (1952). Two decomposition theorems for a class of finite oriented graphs. American Journal of Mathematics, 74, 701-722.
BRAUER, A., GENTRY, I.C. & SHAWA, K. (1968). New proof of a theorem by H.G. Landau on tournament matrices. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, 5, 289-292. [PDF]
Théorème central limite : Central limit theorem.

 
ADAMS, W.J. (1974). The life and times of the central limit theorem. New York : Kaedmon.
Théorème de Bayes : Théorème proposé par Bayes. Théorème de Bayes, Statistique bayesienne et Modèle de Bayes. Bayesian model.
Bayesien
Analyse bayesienne Modèle bayesien Statistique bayesienne
Inférence bayesienne Raisonnement bayesien  Thomas Bayes

  
FISHER, R.A. (1926). Bayes' theorem and the fourfold table. Eugenics Review, 18 (1), 32-33. [PDF] COX, D.R. (2000). The five faces of Bayesian statistics. Calcutta Statistical Association Bulletin, 50, 127-136. [PDF]
WINKLER, R.L. (1972). Introduction to bayesian inference and decision. New York : Holt. SCHOOLER, L.J., SHIFFRIN, R.M. & RAAIJMAKERS, J.G.W. (2001). A bayesian model for implicit effects in perceptual identification. Psychological Review, 108, 257-272. [PDF]
TRAFINOW, D. (2003). Hypothesis testing and theory evaluation at the boundaries : Surprising insights from Bayes's theorem. Psychological Review, 11 (3), 526-535. [PDF]
ELLISON, A.M. (2004). Bayesian inference in ecology. Ecology Letters 7, 509-520.
CLARK, J.S. (2005). Why environmental scientists are becoming Bayesians. Ecology Letters, 8, 2-14.
EFRON, B. (1986). Why isn't everyone a bayesian ? The American Statistician, 40, 1-11. [PDF] CELEUX, G., FORBES, F., ROBERT, C.P. & TITTERINGTON, D.M. (2006). Deviance Information criteria for missing data models. Bayesian Analysis, 1 (4), 651-674. [PDF]
FELDMAN, J. (2009). Bayes and the simplicity principle in perception. Psychological Review, 116 (4), 875-888. [PDF]
SMITH, J.Q. (1988). Decision analysis : A bayesian approach. London : Chapman and Hull. VAN DER HELM, P.A. (2011). Bayesian confusions surrounding simplicity and likelihood in perceptual organization. Acta Psychologica, 138, 337-346. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Statistique bayesienne, Modèle de Bayes, Raisonnement bayesien et Bayes
Théorème de Coase : Théorème proposé par Stiglitz. Coase theorem.
 
KAHNEMAN, D., KNETSCH, J.L. & THALER, R.H. (1990). Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase Theorem. Journal of Political Economy, 98 (6), 1325-1348. [PDF]
Théorème du singe savant : Théorème selon lequel un nombre infini de singe qui taperaient indéfiniment et à l'aveuglette sur le clavier d'une machine à écrire finiraient un jour "presque sûrement" par écrire un texte intelligible. Infinite monkey theorem.
 
Théorêt Manon ( ) :Psychologue béhavioriste, féministe et écologiste québécoise, professeure au département de psychopédagogie et d'andragogie de l'Université de Montréal. Elle s'intéresse à l'apprentissage et au décrochage en milieu scolaire, à la discrimination envers les filles à l'école et à la résilience. Elle est l'un des quatre fondatrices des Scientifines. Étudiante de Bélanger. Collaboratrice de Chamberland, De la Sablonnière, Garon et Hrimech.
CHAMBERLAND, C., THÉORÊT, M. et GARON, R. (1995). Les Scientifines en action : conception, implantation et évolution. Montréal : Université de Montréal : École de service social.
THÉORÊT, M. et GARON, R. (1995). Reconnaître les plans à cas unique en sciences de l'éducation. Mesure et Évaluation en Éducation, 28, 1.
THÉORÊT, M., GARON, R. et HRIMECH, M. (2000). Évaluation d'une intervention de mentorat visant a reduire le risque d'abandon scolaire. Revue Canadienne de Psycho-Education, 29 (1), 65-86.
THÉORÊT, M., LEROUX, M., CARPENTER, A. et BERTRAND, C. (2005). Analyse de l'appropriation de la réforme du curriculum par des enseignants et évaluation d'impact sur la réussite en mathématiques d'élèves à risque. Projet Transmaths. Montréal : Université de Montréal.
THÉORÊT, M., GARON, R., HRIMECH, M. et CARPENTIER, A. (2006). Exploration de la résilience éducationnelle chez des enseignants. International Review of Education, 52 (6), 575-598.
Théorie (scientifique) : Synonyme d'explication. Une théorie est toujours une réduction de la complexité à l'essentiel; jamais une description/explication totale de la réalité, dans ses moindres détails. En science, il s'agit d'un système de suppositions et de principes organisés plus ou moins logiquement, visant à décrire et à expliquer un ensemble donné de phénomènes et leurs relations. Une théorie comprend au moins deux concepts logiquement reliés (EX: ça-moi-surmoi chez Freud ou Sd-R-C chez Skinner), desquels on peut déduire une hypothèse vérifiable ou potentiellement vérifiable. Bref, une théorie est une explication logique qui s'appuie sur des faits. Théorie, qualité d'une théorie et explication. = explication scientifique, modèle scientifique, simplification volontaire de la réalité, abstraction du réel. /athéorique. Theory, scientific explanation.


Problème Théorie Solution
Recherche
Méthodes scientifiques



Quelques théories...
Théorie ancrée Théorie de la connaissance Théorie des portillons
Théorie Cannon-Bard Théorie de la correspondance Théorie des probabilités
Théorie cognitive Théorie de la décision (psychologique) Théorie des traits
Théorie complotiste Théorie de la décision (statistique) Théorie des types
Théorie computationelle Théorie de détection du signal Théorie des visuels et des auditifs
Théorie de l'action Théorie de la double contrainte Théorie dominante
Théorie de l'action raisonné Théorie de la fixation des objectifs/buts Théorie du chaos
Théorie de l'appariement Théorie de la mémoire floue Théorie(s) du choix
Théorie de l'apprentissage Théorie de la frustration/agression Théorie du complot
Théorie de l'apprentissage structuré Théorie de la motivation
Théorie du comportement
 Théorie de l'attachement Théorie de la personnalité Théorie du comportement orienté par les buts/objectifs

Théorie de la preuve Théorie du comportement planifié
Théorie de l'attention visuelle
Théorie de la probabilité Théorie du conditionnement opérant
Théorie de l'attribution Théorie de la réciprocité Théorie du conditionnement répondant
Théorie de l'autodétermination Théorie de la référence Théorie du contact social
Théorie de l'auto-efficacité Théorie de la relation mot-milieu Théorie du développement
Théorie de l'esprit Théorie de la réponse Théorie du développement de Piaget
Théorie de l'etiquettage Théorie de la séduction Théorie du développement de Kohlberg
Théorie de l'évolution Théorie de la signification Théorie du double codage
Théorie de l'évolution des jeux Théorie de la vision Théorie du monde juste

Théorie des automates Théorie du genre
Théorie de l'identité Théorie des besoins Théorie du schéma du genre
Théorie de l'information Théorie des catastrophes Théorie du traitement de l'information
Théorie de l'influence sociale Théorie des champs Théorie général des systèmes
Théorie de l'intelligence multiple Théorie des cinq facteurs Théorie implicite de la personnalité
Théorie de l'investissement parental Théorie des écarts aversifs entre les sois Théorie James-Lange
Théorie de l'optimisme dispositionel Théorie des ensembles Théorie mathématique
Théorie de la boîte noire Théorie des équilibres ponctués Théorie naïve et implicite de la personnalité
Théorie de la cognition socialement distribué Théorie des jeux Théorie neutraliste de l'évolution
Théorie de la cohérence Théorie des niveaux intégrés Théorie psychologique
Théorie de la communication Théorie des perspectives Théorie synthétique de l'évolution
Théorie de la confirmation Théorie des petits pas Théorie triarchique

Théorie des petits problèmes Théorie type/token
 
 
 
Rôle des théories
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KANTOR, J.R. (1941). Current trends in psychological theory. Psychological Bulletin, 38, 29-65. GERGEN, K.J. (1988). The concept of progress in psychological theory. Recent Trends in Theoretical Psychology 1-14.
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HEMPEL, C.G. (1965). Aspects of scientic explanation. New York : Free Press. LUNDIN, R.W. (1991). Theories and systems of psychology. Lexington, MA : Heath.
SUPPES, P. (1967). What is a scientific theory ? In S. Morgenbesser (Ed.), Philosophy of science today (pp. 55-67). New York : Basic Books. WEINBERG, S. (1992). Dreams of a Final Theory, Pantheon Books, New York,
MEEHL, P.E. (1967). Theory-testing in psychology and physics : a methodological paradox. Philosophy of Science, 34, 103-115. [PDF] BAUM, W.M. & HEATH, J.L. (1992). Behavioral explanation and intentional explanations in psychology. American Psychologist, 47, 1312-1317.
ROZEBOOM, W.W. (1970). The art of metascience, or, What should a psychological theory be ? In J.R. Royce (Ed.), Toward unification in psychology. Toronto: Toronto University Press. SUPPES, P. (1995). What is a scientific theory ? In S. Morgenbesser (Ed.), Philosophy of science today (pp. 55-67). New York : Basic Books.
SUPPE, F. (1972). What's wrong with the received view on the structure of scientific theories ? Philosophy of Science, 39, 1-19. MOORE, J.C (1998). On behaviorism, pragmatism and scientific theories. Mexican Journal of Behavior Analysis, 22, 83-118. [PDF]
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SUPPE, F. (1974). The search for philosophic understanding of scientific theories. In F. Suppe (Ed.), The structure of scientific theories (pp. 1-232). Illinois : University of Illinois Press. THYER, B.A. (1997). Is it possible to know when theories of human behavior are obsolete ? Yes. In M. Bloom & W. Klein (Eds.), Controversial issues in human behavior (pp. 64-71, 79-80). Boston, MA : Allyn & Bacon.
SUPPE, F. (Ed.) (1977). The structure of scientific theories. Champagne-Urbana, IL : University of Illinois Press. MOORE, J.C (1998). On behaviorism, theories, and hypothetical constructs. Journal of Mind & Behavior, 19, 215-242.
DUNCAN, S. & FISKE, D.W. (1977). Face-to-face interaction : Research, methods, and theory. Hillsdale, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum associates Publishers. GOERGE, J.M. & JONES, G.R. (2000). The role of time in theory and theory building. Journal of Management, 26, 657-684. [PDF]
ROYCE, J.R. (1978). How can we best advance the construction of theory in psychology. Canadian Psychological Review, 19 (4), 259-274. MACHADO, A., LOURENÇO, O. & SILVA, F.J. (2000). Facts, concepts, and theories : The shape of psychology's epistemic triangle. Behavior & Philosophy, 28, 1-40. [PDF]
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MARTIN, J.L. (2001). On the limits of sociological theory Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 31 (2), 187-220.
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RIBES-INESTA, E. (2003). Concepts and theories : Relation to scientific categories. In K.A. Lattal & P. Chase (Eds.), Behavior theory and philosophy (pp. 147–164). New York, NY : Kluwer-Plenum.
CHAPLIN, J.P. & KRAWIEK, T.S. (1979). Systems and theories of psychology. New York : Holt, Rinehart & Winston. BURGOS, J.E. (2003). Laudable goals, interesting experiments, unintelligible theorizing : A critical review of relational frame theory. Behavior & Philosophy, 31, 19-45. [PDF]
GLYMOUR, C. (2004). Review of "James Woodward, making things happen" : A theory of causal explanation (Critical notice). British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 55, 779-790.
SHEVRIN, H. & DICKMAN, S. (1980). The psychology of unconscious : A necessary assumption for all psychological theory ? American Psychologist, 35, 421-434. WYNNE, L. (2004). The missing theory : Why behavior analysis has little impact on voluntary adult outpatient services. Ethical Human Psychology & Psychiatry, 6 (2), 135-146. [PDF]
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Exemple
SPEARMAN, C.E. (1914). The theory of two factors. Psychological Review, 21, 101-115.
MALINOWSKI, B. (1968). Une théorie scientifique de la culture. Paris : Maspéro.
NORMAN, D.A. (1968). Toward a theory of memory and attention Psychological Review, 75, 522-536.
WALLER, B. (1982). Skinner's two stage value theory. Behaviorism, 10, 25-44. MAYES, A.R. & ROBERTS, N. (2001). Theories of episodic memory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 356, 1395-1408. [PDF]
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RICCIO, G.E. & STROFFREGEN, T.A. (1991). An ecological theory of motion sickness and postural instability. Ecological Psychology, 3, 195-240. [PDF] PYLYSHYN, Z.W. (2002). Mental imagery : In search of a theory. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 25 (2), 157-237. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Explication, Qualité d'une théorie, Neutralité théorique, Athéorique et Science
Théorie (Cimetière) : Expression utilisée en science pour désigner l'ensemble des théories tombées dans l'oubli, simplement parce qu'elles étaient fausses, donc infirmée, ou parce qu'avec le temps elles ont été remplacées par de meilleures théories, plus puissantes.
 
Voir aussi Paradigme et Théorie
Théorie (Complexité) : Par définition, une théorie est une simplification de la réalité. On peut cependant distinguer les théories simples (au moins deux concepts logiquement reliés) des théories complexes, qui comptent de nombreux concepts formant un tout relativement cohérent. = nombre de concepts. Complexity theory.
   
GELL-MANN, M. (1988). Simplicity and complexity in the description of nature. Engineering & Science, 5 (3), 2-9.
COLEMAN, S.R. (1984). Background and change in B.F. Skinner's metatheory from 1930 to 1938. Journal of Mind & Behavior, 5, 471-500.
STREVENS, M. (2016). Complexity theory. In P. Humphreys (Ed.), Oxford handbook of the philosophy of science. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
 
Voir aussi Complexité et Théorie
Théorie (Méta-) : Désigne les postulats cachés ou implicites sur lesquels se fonde une théorie. Metatheory.
   
SHWEDER, R.A. & FISKE, D.W. (Eds.) (1986). Metatheory in social science : Pluralisms and subjectivities. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press.
COLEMAN, S.R. (1984). Background and change in B.F. Skinner's metatheory from 1930 to 1938. Journal of Mind & Behavior, 5, 471-500.
GOTTLIEB, G. (2001). The relevance of developmental-psychobiological metatheory to developmental neuropsychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 19 (1), 1-9.
 
Voir aussi Méta et Théorie
Théorie (Puissance) : Qualité d'une théorie qui renvoie à sa capacité d'expliquer et de prédire les faits, la réalité. Les théories tente d'expliquer une portion de la réalité, jamais toute la réalité. Toutefois, plus le nombre de phénomène (PX) expliqué par une théorie est grand, plus cette théorie sera considérée comme puissante. Les théories ont également la prétention d'être vraie en tout monde en tout temps. NDLR : : Attention, une théorie peut s'intéresser à de nombreux facteurs mais n'en expliquer réellement que quelques-uns. Il ne faut donc pas confondre la puissance d'une théorie avec son caractère synthétique.

T1 P1   P5 P4 > T2 P1      
              P3
  P2 P3 P6   P2    
P7              
+   -
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie (Qualités/Propriétés) : Une bonne théorie possède de nombreuses qualités : la cohérence (ou l'absence de contradiction), la clarté (concepts exempts de flous et bien définis, certains de manière opérationnelle), la fécondité/heuristique (qui donne naissance à de nouvelles explications), le caractère intemporel (vraie en tout temps), la précision (concepts définis de manière à réduire l'erreur de mesure), la puissance (capacité à expliquer et à prédire les faits), le caractère universel (vraie en tout monde, en tout temps), la vérificabilité (concepts formulés de manière à être confrontés aux faits), le caractère synthétique (qui embrasse la réalité la plus large possible), la complétude (toutes les hypothèses formulées ont été vérifiées). Certaines qualités sont dites internes car elles ne concernent que les aspects logiques de la théorie, alors que d'autres qualités sont qualifiées d'externes car elles renvoient à la relation entre les concepts de la théorie et la réalité qu'elle cherche à décrire et expliquer.
 
Qualités d'une théorie
Interne Externe
Cohérente -
Claire Complétude
Simple/Principe de parcimonie Féconde ou heuristique

Intemporel
Précise
Puissante
Synthétique
Universel/Vrai en tout monde, en tout temps
Vérifiable/Falsibiable
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie actant/Réseau : Voir Sociologie de traduction ou Sociologie des sciences.
Théorie ancrée : Théorie proposée par Glaser et Strauss. = théorie auto-régulée empiriquement. Grounded theory.
 
GLASER, B. & STRAUSS, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory : Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago : Aldine. ANNELLS, M. (1997). Grounded theory method, part I : Within the five moments of qualitative research. Nursing Inquiry, 4 (2), 120-129.
ANNELLS, M. (1997). Grounded theory method, part II : Options for users of the method. Nursing Inquiry, 4 (3), 176-180.
GLASER, B.G. (1978). Advances in the methodology of grounded theory : Theoretical sensitivity. Mill Valley, CA : The Sociology Press. STARRIN, B., DAHLGREN, L., LARSSON, G. & STYBORN, S. (1997). Along the path of discovery. Qualitative methods and grounded theory. Lund, Sweden : Student Litteratur.
PIDGEON N. & HENWOOD, K. (1997). Using grounded theory in psychological research. In N. Hayes (Ed.), Doing qualitative analysis in psychology (pp. 245-273). Hove, UK : Psychology Press.
STERN, P.N. (1980). Grounded theory methodology : Its uses and processes. Image. The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 12 (1), 20-23. DEMAZIÈRE, D. et DUBAR, C. (1997). E.C. Hughes, intitiatieur et précurseur critique de la grounded theory. Sociétés Contemporaines, 27, 49-55.
MARTIN, P.Y. & TURNER, B.A. (1986). Grounded theory and organizational research. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 22 (2), 141. RENNIE, D.L. (1998). Grounded theory methodology : The pressing need for a coherent logic of justification. Theory & Psychology, 8, 101-119.
GLASER, B.G. (1992). Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, CA : Sociology Press. GLASER, B.G. (1998). Doing grounded theory : Issues and discussions. Mill Valley, CA : Sociology Press.
DEY, I. (1999). Grounding grounded theory : Guidelines for qual itative inquiry. San Diego : Academic Press.
CORBIN, J. & STRAUSS, A.L. (1990). Grounded theory research : Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative Sociology, 13 (1), 3-21. NORTON, L. (1999). The philosophical bases of grounded theory and their implications for research practice. Nurse Researcher, 7 (1), 31-43.
CUTCLIFFE, J.R. (2000). Methodological issues in grounded theory. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 1476-148.
D'AMBROISE, G. & NKONGOLO-BAKENDA, J.-M. (1992). Le "grounded theory" et ses possibilités d'utilisation en sciences de l'administration. Québec : Faculté des sciences de l'administration de l'Université Laval. GILGUN, J.F. (2001). Grounded theory and other inductive research methods. Dans B.A. Thyer (Ed.), The handbook of social work research methods (pp. 345-364). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage.
STRAUSS, A.L. & CORBIN, J. (1994). Grounded theory methodology : An overview. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 273-285). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage. HUTCHISON, S.A. & WILSON, H.S. (2001). Grounded theory : The method. In P.L. Munhall (Ed.), Nursing research : A qualitative perspective (pp. 209-243). Sudbury, MA : Jones & Bartlett.
PAILLÉ, P. (1994). L'analyse par théorisation ancrée. Cahiers de recherche sociologique, 23, 147-181. WUEST, J. & MERRITT-GRAY, M. (2001). Feminist grounded theory revisited : Practical issues and new understandings. In R. Schreiber & P.N. Stern (Eds.), Using grounded theory in nursing (pp. 159-176). New York : Springer.
CHARMAZ, K. (1995). Grounded theory. In J. Smith, R. Harré & L. Langenhove (Eds.), Rethinking methods in psychology (pp. 27-65). London : Sage. GLASER, B.G. (2001). The grounded theory perspective : Conceptualization contrasted with description. Mill Valley, CA : Sociology Press.
JEON, Y. H. (2004). The application of grounded theory and symbolic interactionism. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18 (3), 249-256.
MAY, K.A. (1996). Diffusion, dilution, or distillation ? : The case of grounded theory method. Qualitative Health Research, 6 (3), 309-311. GLASER, B.G. (2005). The grounded theory perspective III : Theoretical coding. Mill Valley, CA : Sociology Press.
SUDDABY, R. (2006). What grounded theory is not. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 633-642.
ANNELLS, M. (1996). Grounded theory method : Philosophical perspectives, paradigm of inquiry, and postmodernism. Qualitative Health Research, 6, 379-393. MILLS, J., BONNER, A. & FRANCIS, K. (2006). The development of constructivist grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5 (1), 1-10. [PDF]
STARKS, H. & BROWN-TRINIDAD, S. (2007). Choose your method : a comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory. Qualitative Health Research, 17 (10), 1372-1380. [PDF]

JOHNSON, R.B., McGOWAN, M.W. & TURNER, L.A. (2010). Grounded theory in practice : Is it inherently a mixed method ? Research in the Schools, 17 (2), 65-78.
CORBIN, J. (2012). Préface. In J. Luckerhoff & F. Guillemette (Dirs.), Méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (p. 7-12). Presses de l'Université du Québec.
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Glaser et Strauss
Théorie béhavioriste : Voir Béhaviorisme.
Théorie Cannon-Bard : Théorie proposée par Cannon et Bard pour expliquer les émotions. Cannon-Bard Theory.


Stimulus Émotion 
Activation 


 
CANNON, W.B. (1913/20). The interrelation of emotion suggest by recent physioiogical research. American Journal of psychology, 256/Année Psychologique, 421.
CANNON, W.B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotion : a critical examination and an alternative theory. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 106-124.
BARD, P. (1929). The neuro-humoral basis of emotional reactions. In C.A. Munchison (Ed.), Foundations of experimental psychology (pp. 449-87). Worcester : Clark University Press.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie cognitive : Voir Cognitivisme. Cognitive theory.
Théorie complotiste : Voir Théorie du complot et Complot. Conspiracy theories, CT, conspiracy belief, conspiracy thinking, culture of conspiracy, conspiracist ideation, conspiracist ideation bogus conspiracy theory, genuine conspiratorial politics.
Théorie computationnelle : Computational theory, computational model.
 
MARR, D. (1982/90). Vision : A computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. San Francisco : W.H. Freeman.  VAN GELDER, T. (1995). What might cognition be, if not computation ? Journal of Philosophy, 92 (7), 345-381. [PDF]
PYLYSHYN, Z.W. (1984). Computation and cognition : Toward a foundation for cognitive science. Cambridge : MIT Press. SUN, R. (1999). Computational models of consciousness : An evaluation. Journal of Intelligent Systems, 9, 507-562.
KOSSLYN, S.M. (1987). Seeing and imagining in the cerebral hemispheres : A computational approach. Psychological Review, 94, 148-175.  MEYER, D.E. & KIERAS, D.E. (1997). A computational theory of executive control processes and human multiple-task performance: Part 1. Basic Mechanisms. Psychological Review, 104, 3-65.
JACKENDOFF, R. (1987). Consciousness and the computational mind. Cambridge, MA : The MIT Press. GREEN, C.D. (2000). Dispelling the "mystery" of computational cognitive science. History of Psychology, 3, 62-66.
CHURCHLAND, P.M. (1989). A neurocomputational perspective. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. SPERLING, G. REEVES, A., BLASER, E., LU, Z.-L. & WEICHSELGARTNER, E. (2001). Two computational models of attention. In J. Braun, C. Koch & J.L. Davis (Eds.), Visual attention and cortical circuits (pp. 177-214). Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
WAGNER, A.R. & DONEGAN, N. (1989). Some relationships between a computational model (SOP) and an essential neural circuit for Pavlovian (rabbit eyeblink) conditioning. In R.D. Hawkins and G.H. Bower (Eds.), Computational models of learning in simple neural systems : The psychology of Learning & Motivation (Vol. 23, pp. 157-203). New York : Academic Press.  JORDAN, M.I. & RUSSEL, S. (2001). Computational intelligence. In R.A. Wilson & F.C. Keil (Eds.),The MIT encyclopedia of the cognitive sciences. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.
FRENCH, R.M. (2002). The computational modeling of analogy-making. Trends in Cognitive Science, 6, 200-205.
GALLISTEL, C.R. & GELMAN, R. (1992). Preverbal and verbal counting and computation. Cognition, 44, 43-74. LANE, P.C.R. & GOBET, F. (2003). Developing reproducible and comprehensible computational models. Artificial Intelligence, 144, 251-263. [PDF]
CHURCHLAND, P.S. & SEJNOWSKI, T.J. (1992). The computational brain. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. PICCININI, G. (2004). The first computational theory of mind and brain : A close look at McCulloch and Pitts's logical calculus of ideas immanent in nervous activity. Synthese, 141, 175-215. [PDF]
MUMFORD, D. (1992). On the computational architecture of the neocortex II. The role of cortico-cortical loops. Biological Cybernetics, 66, 241-251. SCHMAJUK, N.A., LARRAURI, J.A., HAGENBUCH, N., LEVIN, E.D., FELDON, J. & YEE, B.K. (2006). Startle and pre-pulse inhibition as a function of background noise : A computational and experimental analysis. Behavioural Brain Research, 170, 182-196.
WILSON, R. (1994). Wide computationalism. Mind, 103, 351-72. JONES, F., GOBET, F. & PINE, J.M. (2007). Linking working memory and long-term memory : A computational model of the learning of new words. Developmental Science, 10 (6), 853-873. [PDF]
SMOLENSKY, P. (1994). Computational theories of mind. In S. Guttenplan (Ed.), A companion to the philosophy of mind (pp. 176-185). Blackwell Publishers. HERNANDEZ, A.E. & LI, P. (2007). Age of acquisition : Its neural and computational mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 638-650. [PDF]
 ZHANG, Q. (2009). A computational account of dreaming : Learning and memory consolidation. Cognitive Systems Research, 10 (2), 91-101.
CHALMERS, D.J. (1994). On implementing a computation. Minds & Machines, 4, 391-402.  GENTNER, D. & FORBUS, K. (2011). Computational models of analogy. WIREs Cognitive Science, 2, 266-276. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Computation
Théorie de l'action : Action theory.
   
STEVENSON, G.P. (2004). Revamping action theory. Behavior & Philosophy, 32, 427-451. [PDF]
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de l'action raisonnée : Théorie proposée par Fishbein pour expliquer et prédire le comportement. Theory of reasoned action.
 
BAGOZZI, R.P. (1986). Attitude formation under the theory of reasoned action and a purposeful behavior reformulation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 95-107.
SHEPPARD, B., HARTWICK, H. & WARSHAW, P. (1988). The theory of reasoned action : A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 325-343. AJZEN, I. & FISHBEIN, M. (2004). Questions raised by a reasoned action approach : Comment on Ogden (2003). Health Psychology, 23, 431-434.
MONTANO, D. & TAPLIN, S. (1991). A test of an expanded theory of reasoned action to predict mammography participation. Social Science & Medicine, 32, 733-741. AJZEN, I. & ALBARRACIN, D. (2007). The theory of reasoned action approach. In I. Ajzen, D. Albarracin & R. Hornik (Eds.), Prediction and change of health behavior : Applying the theory of reasoned action approach. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
MADDEN, T.J., ELLEN, P.S. & AJZEN, I. (1992). A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 18 (1), 3-9. ANDERSON, A. & LAVALLEE, D. (2008). Applying the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to athlete training adherence behavior. Applied Psychology : An International Journal, 57 (2), 304-312.
MORRISON, D.M., BAKER, S.A. & GILLMORE, M.R. (1998). Condom use among high-risk heterosexual teens : A longitudinal analysis using the theory of reasoned action. Psychology & Health, 13, 207-222. YOUSAFZAI, S.Y., FOXALL, G.R. & PALLISTER, J.G. (2010). Explaining internet banking behavior : Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, or technology acceptance model ? Journal of Applied Psychology, 40 (5), 1172-1202.
SHEENAN, P. & TAYLOR, S. (1999). Predicting intentions to use condoms: A meta-analysis and comparison of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1624-1675. AJZEN, I. (2012). Martin Fishbein's legacy : The reasoned action approach. Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, 640 (1), 11-27.
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Ajzen et Fishbein
Théorie de l'appariement : Voir Loi de l'appariement.
   
McDOWELL, J.J. (1986). On the falsifiability of matching theory. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45 (1), 63-74. [PDF]
Voir aussi Loi de l'appariement
Théorie de l'apprentissage : Ensemble de théories qui postule que le principal mécanisme ou processus de changement psychologique chez l'humain et l'animal provient de l'apprentissage (et non de la personnalité, du développement ou des gènes). Ces changements peuvent être de nature comportemental (pour les behavioristes) ou cognitive (pour les cognitivistes). Learning theory.
 
MOWRER, O.H. (1948). Learning theory and the neurotic paradox. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 18, 571-609.
SKINNER, B.F. (1950). Are theories of learning necessary? Psychological Review, 57 (4), 193-216. JOHNSTON, T.D. (1981). Contrasting approaches to a theory of learning. The Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 4, 125-173.
ESTES, W.K. (1950). Toward a statistical theory of learning. Psychological Review, 57, 94-104. MACKINTOSH, N.J. (1986). Tolman and modern conditioning theory. British Journal of Psychology, 77, 517-523.
ESTES, W.K., KOCH, S., MaCORQUODALE, K., MEEHL, P.E., MUELLER, C.G., SCHOENFELD, W.N. & VERPLANK, W.S. (Eds.) (1954). Modern learning theory : A critical analysis of five examples. New York : Appleton-Century- Crofts. HERGENHAHN, B.B. (1988). An introduction to the theories of learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall.
AMSEL, A. (1989). Behaviorism, neobehaviorism and cognitivism in learning theory. Hillsdale, New Jersey : Erlbaum.
BUSH, R.R. & MOSTELLER, F. (1955). Stochastic models for learning. New York : Wiley. MALONE, J.C. (1990). Theories of learning : A historical approach. Belmont, CA : Wadsworth.
SPENCE, K.W. (1960). Behavior theory and learning. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey : Prentice-Hall. MACKINTOSH, N.J. (1997). Has the wheel turned full circle ? Fifty years of learning theory, 1946-1996. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50A, 879-898.
SKINNER, B.F. (1961). Learning theory and future research. In J. Lysaught (Ed.), Programmed learning : Evolving principles and industrial applications. (pp. 59-66). Ann Arbor : Foundation for Research on Human Behavior. TARPY, R.M. (1997). Contemporary learning theory and research. Boston, MA : McGraw-Hill.
GROSSBERG, S. (1969). Embedding fields : A theory of learning with physiological implications. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 6, 209-239. DOMJAN, M. (2000). General process learning theory : Challenges from Response and Stimulus Factors. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 13, 101-118. [PDF]
HILGARD, E.R & BOWER, G.H. (1975). Theories of learning. New York : Appleton Century-Crofts. BOUTON, M.E., MINEKA, S. & BARLOW, D.H. (2001). A modern learning theory perspective on the etiology of panic disorder. Psychological Review, 108, 4-32. [PDF]
DICKINSON, A. (1980). Contemporary animal learning theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. MINEKA, S. & ZINBARG, R. (2006). A contemporary learning theory perspective on the etiology of anxiety disorders : It's not what you thought it was. American Psychologist, 61 (1), 10-26.
ROTHSCHILD, M.L. & GAIDIS W.C. (1981). Behavioral learning theory : Its relevance to marketing and promotions. Journal of Marketing, 45, 70-78.

Voir aussi Théorie et Apprentissage
Théorie de l'apprentissage structuré : Théorie proposée par Scandura, qui postule que l'individu apprend non pas des comportements mais des règles de conduite. Structural learning.
 
SCANDURA, J.M. (1973). Structural learning I : Theory and research. London : Gordon & Breach.
SCANDURA, J.M. (1976). Structural learning II : Issues and approaches. London : Gordon & Breach.
SCANDURA, J.M. & SCANDURA, A. (1980). Structural learning and concrete operations : An approach to piagetian conservation. New York : Praeger.
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Scandura
Théorie de l'attachement : Théorie de l'attachement. Attachment theory.
 
BRETHERTON, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. In I. Bretherton & E. Waters (Eds.), Growing points of attachment theory and research. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 209 (1-2), 3-35. SHAVER, P.R. & FRALEY, R.C. (2000). Attachment theory and caregiving : An evaluation of Bell and Richard's critique. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 109-114.
BOWLBY, J. (1988). A secure base: Clinical applications of attachment theory. Routledge : London. SROUFE, L.A. & SAMPSON, M. C. (2000). Attachment theory and systems concepts. Human Development, 43, 321-326.
THOMPSON, R. (1988). The effects of infant day care through the prism of attachment theory. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 3, 273-282. SCHORE, A.N. (2002). Advances in neuropsychoanalysis, attachment theory, and trauma research : Implications for self psychology. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22, 433-484. [PDF]
LEVINE, R.A. & MILLER, P.M. (1990). Commentary on cross-cultural validity of attachment theory. Human Development, 33, 73-80. SIMPSON, J.A. (2002). Attachment theory in modern evolutionary context. In J. Cassidy & P.R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment : theory, research, and clinical applications. The Guilford Press.
BRETHERTON, I. (1991). The roots and growing points of attachment theory. In C.M. Parkes, J. Stevenson- Hinde & P. Harris (Eds.), Attachment across the life cycle (pp. 9-32). London : Routledge.
SCHNEIDER, E.L. (1991). Attachment theory and research : review of the literature. Clinical Social Work Journal, 19, 251-266. MIKULINCER, M., SHAVER, P.R. & PEREG, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation : The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation & Emotion, 27 (2), 77-102. [PDF]
BRETHERTON, I. (1992). The origins of attachment theory : John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology, 28, 759-775. [PDF]
HOLMES, J (1993). John Bowlby and attachment theory. London : Routledge.
BELSKY, J. & CASSIDY, J. (1994). Attachment theory and evidence. In M. Rutter & D. Hay (Eds.) Development through life; A handbook for clinicians (pp. 373-402). Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications.
HAZAN, C. & SHAVER, P.R. (1994). Deeper into attachment theory. Psychological Inquiry, 5, 68-79. MIKULINCER, M. & SHAVER, P.R. (2005). Attachment theory and emotions in close relationships : Exploring the attachment-related dynamics of emotional reactions to relational events. Personal Relationships, 12, 149-168.
BARTHOLOMEW, K. & THOMPSON, J. (1995). The application of attachment theory to counseling psychology. The Counseling Psychologist, 23, 484-490. [PDF] LEVY, K.N. (2005). The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Development & Psychopathology, 17, 959-986. [PDF]
GROSSMANN, K.E. (1995). The evolution and history of attachment research and theory. In S. Goldberg, R. Muir & J. Kerr (Eds.), Attachment theory : Social, developmental and clinical perspectives (pp. 85-102). Hillsdale, NJ. : The Analytic Press. BYRNE, J., CONNOR, T., MARVIN, R. & WHELAN, W. (2005). Practitioner review : The contribution of attachment theory to child custody assessments. Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 46, 115-127.
BRETHERTON, I. (1996). Attachment theory and research in historical and personal context : A review of ABecoming attached@ by Robert Karen. Contemporary Psychology, 41, 236-238.
BELSKY, J. (1997). Theory testing, effect-size evaluation, and differential susceptibility to rearing influence : The case of mothering and attachment. Child Development, 64, 598-600.
MORTON, N. & BROWNE, K.D. (1998). Theory and observation of attachment and its relation to child maltreatment : a review. Child Abuse Neglect, 22, 1093-1104.
SROUFE, L.A., CARLSON, E., LEVY, A. & EGELAND, B. (1999). Implications of attachment theory for developmental psychopathology. Development & Psychopathology, 11, 1-13. STERNEK, C. (2007). Attachment theory and gestalt psychology. Gestalt Theory, 29 (1), 310-318.
CASSIDY, J. & SHAVER, P.R. (1999). Handbook of Attachment : Theory, research and clinical applications. New York : Guilford Press. BERRY, K., BARROWCLOUGH, C. & WEARDEN, A. (2008). Attachment theory : A framework for understanding symptoms and interpersonal relationships in psychosis. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 46 (12), 1275-1282. [PDF]
SMITH, E.R., MURPHY, J. & COATS, S. (1999). Attachment to groups : Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 77, 94-110. SIMPSON, J.A. & BELSKY, J. (2008). Attachment theory within a modern evolutionary framework. In P.R. Shaver & J. Cassidy (Eds.), Handbook of attachment : Theory, research, and clinical applications. New York : Guilford.
LEVY, K.N. & BLATT, S.J. (1999). Attachment theory and psychoanalysis : Further differentiation within insecure attachment patterns. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 19, 541-575. [PDF] GARBER, B.D. (2009). Attachment methodology in custody evaluation : Four hurdles standing between developmental theory and forensic application. Journal of Child Custody, 6, 38-61. [PDF]
SIMPSON, J.A. (1999). Attachment theory in modern evolutionary perspective. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment theory and research (pp. 115-140). New York : Guilford Press. MERCER, J. (2009). Child custody evaluations, attachment theory, and an attachment measure : the science remains limited. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 7 (1), 37-54. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Attachement
Théorie de l'attention visuelle : Fonction cognitive qui trie ou sélectionne l'information contenue dans la mémoire vsiuelle. Attention visuelle, vision et champ visuel. Selective visual attention, visual attention.
 
BUNDESEN, C. (1990). A theory of visual attention. Psychological Review, 97, 523-547. [PDF] TSAL, Y., MEIRAN, N. & LAMY, D. (1995). Toward a resolution theory of visual attention. Visual Cognition, 2, 313-330.
OLSHAUSEN, B.A., ANDERSON, C.H. & VANESSEN, D.C. (1993). A neurobiological model of visual attention and invariant pattern recognition based on dynamic routing of information. The Journal of Neuroscience, 13, 4700-4719. LOGAN, G.D. (1996). The CODE theory of visual attention: An integration of space-based and object-based attention. Psychological Review, 103, 603-649.
GROSSBERG S., MINGOLLA E. & ROSS W.D. (1994). A neural theory of attentive visual search : Interactions of boundary, surface, spatial, and object representations. Psychological Review, 101, 470-489. KASTNER, S. & UNGERLEIDER, L.G. (2000). Mecanism of visual attention in the human cortex. Annual Review Neuroscience, 23, 315-341. [PDF]

ANDERSEN, T.S. & KYLINGSBAEK, S. (2012). The theory of visual attention without the race : a new model of visual selection. 34th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 1284-1289. [PDF]
Voir aussi Vision, Attention, Yeux, Cortex visuel et Champ visuel
 
Théorie de l'attribution : Ensemble de théories qui tentent d'expliquer comment les individus attribuent ou inférent les causes de leurs comportements (ou d'autres phénomènes) et de ceux d'autrui. ( ): théorie de Jones et Davis, théorie de Kelley, théorie de Wiener. Attribution theory.
   
JONES, E.E. & DAVIS, K.E. (1965). From acts to dispositions : The attribution process in person perception. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology. Orlando, FL : Academic Press. BUSS, A.R. (1978). Causes and reasons in attribution theory : A conceptual critique. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 36, 1311-1321.
KELLEY, H.H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 15, 192-238. WEINER, B. (1986). An attributional theory of Motivation & Emotion. New York : Springer-Verlag.
KELLEY, H.H. (1967). Attribution theory in social psychology. In D. Levine (Ed.), Nebraska symposium on motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 192-238). Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press. SMITH, E.R. (1994). Attribution theory and research : Returning to Heider's conceptions. In P.G. Devine, D.L. Hamilton & T.M. Ostrom (Eds.), Social cognition : Its impact on social psychology (pp. 77-108). Orlando, FL : Academic Press.
WEINER, B. (1972). Theory, achievement motivation, and the educational process. Review of Educational Research, 42 (2), 203-215. METALSKY, G.I., LAIRD, R.S., HECK, P.M. & JOINER, T.E. (1995). Attribution theory : Clinical applications. In W. O'Donohue & L. Krasner (Eds.), Theories of behavior therapy : Exploring behavior change (pp. 385-413). Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association.
HIMMELFARB, S. (1972). Integration and attribution theories in personality impression formation. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 23 (3), 309-313.

 
Voir aussi Théorie et Attribution
Théorie de l'autodétermination : Théorie développée par Deci et Ryan pour expliquer l'autodétemination et la motivation. Elle repose sur trois besoins : le besoin d'autonomie, le besoin de compétence et le besoin d'appartenance sociale. Théorie de l'auto-détermination et auto-détermination. Self-determination theory.
 
VANSTEENKISTE, M., LENS, W. & DECI, E. (2006). Intrinsic versus extrinsic goal contents in self-determination theory: Another look at the quality of academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 41, 19-31.
DECI, E.L. & RYAN, R.M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum, New York. PATRICK, H., KNEE, C., CANEVELLO, A. & LONSBARY, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being : A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 92 (3), 434-457.
RYAN, R.M. & CONNELL, J.P. & DECI, E.L. (1985). A motivational analysis of self-determination and self-regulation in education. In C. Ames & R.E. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education : The classroom milieu (pp. 13-51). New York : Academic Press. RYAN, R.M., HUTA, V. & DECI, E.L. (2008). Living well : a self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies 9, 139-170.
DECI, E.L., VALLERAND, R.J., PELLETIER, L.G. & RYAN, R.M. (1991). Motivation and education : The self-determination perspective. The Educational Psychologist, 26, 325-346. DECI, E.L. & RYAN, R.M. (2008). Self-determination theory : A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health. Canadian Psychology, 49 (3), 182-185. [PDF]
VANSTEENKISTE, M., RYAN, R.M. & DECI, E.L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the explanatory role of psychological needs in human well-being. In L. Bruni, F. Comim & M. Pugno (Eds.), Capabilities and happiness (pp. 187-223). Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press.
DECI, E.L., EGHARI, H., PATRICK, B.C. & LEONE, D.R. (1994). Facilitating internalization : the self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality, 62, 119-142. RYAN, R.M., PATRICK, H., DECI, E.L. & WILLIAMS, G.C. (2008). Facilitating health behavior change and its maintenance : interventions based on self-determination theory. The European Health Psychologist, 10, 2-5.
DECI, E.L. & RYAN, R.M. (1994). Promoting self determined education. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 38, 3-41. LA GUARDIA, J.G. & PATRICK, H. (2008). Self-determination theory as a fundamental theory of close relationships. Canadian Psychology, 49 (3), 201-209.
CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D., BIDDLE, S.J.H. & MEEK, G.A. (1997). A self-determination theory approach to the study of intentions and the intention-behaviour relationship in children's physical activity. British Journal of Health Psychology, 2 (4), 343-360. RYAN, R.M. & NIEMIEC, C.P. (2009). Self-determination theory in schools of education : Can an empirically supported framework also be critical and liberating ? Theory & Research in Education, 7, 263-272. [PDF]
DECI, E.L. & RYAN, R.M. (2000). The «what» and «why» of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268. RYAN, R.M. & DECI, E.L. (2009). Promoting self-determined school engagement : motivation, learning, and well-being. In K.R. Wentzel & A. Wigfield, A. (Eds.), Handbook on motivation at school (pp. 171-196). Routledge : New York.
RYAN, R.M., WILLIAMS, G., PATRICK, H. & DECI, E.L. (2009). Self-determination theory and physical activity : The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6, 107-124.
VALLERAND, R.J. (2000). Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory : A view from the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 312-318. [PDF] PELLETIER, L.G., VALLERAND, R.J. & KOESTNER, R. (2009). Self-determination theory : A Canadian contribution. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 49 (3),
VAN LANGE, P..A.M. (2000). Self-determination in interpersonal situations. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 310-312. NTOUMANIS N. & STANDAGE M. (2009). Morality in sport : a self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2, 365-380.
RYAN, R.M. & DECI, E.L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 55, 68-78. SOENENS, B. & VANSTEENKISTE, M. (2010). A theoretical upgrade of the concept of parental psychological control : Proposing new insights on the basis of self-determination theory. Developmental Review, 30 (1), 74-99. [PDF]
REEVE, J. (2002). Self-determination theory applied to educational settings. In E.L. Deci & R.M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self- determination research (pp. 183-203). Rochester, NY : University of Rochester Press. SHELDON, K.M. & SCHÜLER, J. (2011). Wanting, having, and needing : Integrating motive disposition theory and self-determination theory. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 101 (5), 1106-1123. [PDF]
SARRAZIN, P.G., PELLETIER, L. DECIN E.L. et RYAN, R.M. (2012). Nourrir une motivation autonome et des conséquences positives dans différents milieux de vie : Les apports de la théorie de l'autodétermination. In C.Martin-Krumm et C. et Tarquinio (Eds.), Traité de psychologie positive. Bruxelles, Belgium : De Boeck.
PELLETIER, L.G. (2002). A motivational analysis of self-determination for pro- environmental behaviors. In E.L. Deci & R.M. Ryan (Eds.), The handbook of self-determination research (pp. 205-232). Rochester, NY : University of Rochester Press. VERSTUYF, J., PATRICK, H., VANSTEENKISTE, M. & TEIXEIRA, P. (2012). Motivational dynam- ics of eating regulation : A self-determination theory perspective. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 9, 1-16.
CHIRKOV, V., RYAN, R.M., KIM, Y., KAPLAN, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: a self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 84, 97-110. NG, J.Y.Y., NTOUMANIS, N., THOGERSEN-NTOUMANI, C., DECI, E.L., RYAN, R.M., DUDA, J. & WILLIAMS, G.C. (2012). Self-determination theory applied to health contexts : a meta-analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 325-340.
ASSOR, A., ROTH, G. & DECI, E.L. (2004). The emotional costs of parents' conditional regard : A self-determination theory analysis. Journal of Personality, 72, 47-88. GOURLAN, M., SARRAZIN, P. & TROUILLOD, D. (2013). Motivational interviewing as a way to promote physical activity in obese adolescents : A randomised-controlled trial using self-determination theory as an explanatory framework. Psychology & Health, 28 (11), 1265-1286. [PDF]
GAGNÉ, M. & DECI, E. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331-362. [PDF] DECI, E.L. & RYAN, R.M. (2015). Self-determination theory. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 21, 486-491. [PDF]
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MARKLAND, D., RYAN, R.M., TOBIN, V.J. & ROLLNICK, S. (2005). Motivational interviewing and self-determination theory. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 24 (6), 811-831. [PDF] GUERTIN, C., BARBEAU, K., PELLETIER, L.G. & MARTINELLI, G. (2017). Why do women engage in fat talk ? Examining fat talk using self-determination theory as an explanatory framework. Body Image, 20, 7-15. [PDF]
SOENENS, B. & VANSTEENKISTE, M. (2005). Antecedents and outcomes of self-determination in 3 life domains : the role of parents' and teachers' autonomy support .Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 34, 589-604. MATOSIC, D., NTOUMANIS, N., BOARDLEY, I.D., SEDIKIDES, C., STEWART, B.D. & CHATZISARANTIS, N.L.D. (2017). Narcissism and coach interpersonal style : A self-determination theory perspective. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27 (2), 254-261. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Deci et Ryan
Théorie de l'auto-efficacité : Théorie développée par Bandura. Self-efficacity theory.
 
BANDURA, A. (1977). Self-efficacy : Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
TRYON, W.W. (1981). A methodological critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory of behavior change. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 12, 113-114.
BIGLAN, A. (1987). A behavior-analytic critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory. The Behavior Analyst, 10 (1), 1-15. [PDF]
 
Voir Théorie, Bandura et Sentiment d'auto-efficacité
Théorie de l'esprit : Ensemble des fonctions cognitives humaines (et animales) qui permettent à un individu d'inférer chez un congénère l'existence d'états ou d'un processus internes inobservables, dit "cognitif ou mentaux". = Théorie intuitive de la psychologie. Theory of mind.
 
AJZEN, I. (1977). Intuitive theories of events and the effects of base-rate information on prediction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 35, 303-314. HEYES, C.M. (1998). Theory of mind in nonhuman primates. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 21, 101-148.
PREMACK, D. & WOODRUFF, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind ? Behavioral & Brain Sciences 4 (1), 515-528. [PDF] LESLIE, A.M. (1999). The innate capacity to acquire a theory of mind : synchronic or diachronic modularity ? Mind & Language, 17, 141-155.
WELLMAN, H.M., CROSS, D. & WATSON, J. (2001). Meta-analysis of theory-of-mind development : The truth about false belief. Child Development, 72, 655-684.
WIMMER, H. & PERNER, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs : Representing and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 13, 103-128.[PDF] HARE, B., CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2001). Do chimpanzees know what conspecifics know and do not know ? Animal Behaviour, 61, 139-151. [PDF]
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MALLE, B.F. (2002). The relation between language and theory of mind in development and evolution. In T. Givon & B.F. Malle (Eds.), The evolution of language out of pre-language (pp. 265-284). Amsterdam : Benjamins. [PDF]
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CALL, J. & TOMASELLO, M. (2008). Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind ? 30 years later. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12 (5), 187-192. [PDF]
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LIVERTA-SEMPIO, O. & MARCHETTI, A. (1997). Cognitive development and theories of mind : Towards a contextual approach. European Journal of Psychology Education, 12 (1), 3-21. WELLMAN, H.M. (2010). Developing a theory of mind. In U. Goswami (Ed.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of childhood cognitive development (pp. 258-284). Wiley.
POIRIER, N. (1998). La théorie de l'esprit de l'enfant autiste. Autisme, 23 (1), 115-129. [PDF] BEGEER, S., MALLE, B.F., NIEUWLAND, M. & KEYSAR, B. (2010). Using theory of mind to represent and take part in social interactions : Comparing individuals with high-functioning autism and typically developing controls. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 7 (1), 104-122. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Théorie, Fonction cognitive et Inférer
Théorie de l'étiquettage : Théorie de l'étiquettage et étiquette sociale. Labelling theory.
 
LINK, B. & CULLEN, F. (1990). The labeling theory of mental disorder : a review of the evidence. Research in Community & Mental Health, 6, 75-105.
Théorie de l'évolution : Théorie proposée par Darwin pour expliquer l'évolution des espèces. = lutte pour la survie, théorie synthétique de l'évolution. Theory of evolution, evolutionary theory, evolutionary perspective, evolutionist explanation.
 
DARWIN, C. (1859). On the origin of species. London : Murray. [PDF] GAULIN, S.J.C. (1995). Does evolutionary theory predict sex differences in the brain ? In M.S. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences (pp. 1211-1225). Cambridge : MIT Press.
DARWIN, C. (1871). The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London : John Murray.
MORGAN, C.L. (1885). The springs of conduct; An essay in evolution. London : Kegan Paul, Trench. DENNETT, D.C. (1995). Darwin's dangerous idea : Evolution and the meanings of life. New York : Touchstone.
WHITMAN C.O. (1895). Evolution and epigenesis : Bonnet's theory of evolution, a system of negations. The Monist, 5 (3), 412-426. SCHLINGER, H.D. (1996). What's wrong with evolutionary explanations of human behavior. Behavior & Social Issues, 6, 35-54. [PDF]
MORGAN, T.H. (1916). A critique of the theory of evolution. Princeton University Press : Princeton. GOULD, S.J. (2002). The structure of evolutionary theory. Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1959). The theory of evolution. London : Penguin Books. BURGESS, R.L. & MacDONALD, K. (2005). Evolutionary perspectives on human development. Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications.
HULL, D.L. (1973/83). Darwin and his critics : The reception of Darwin's theory of evolution by the scientific community. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.  SHTULMAN, A. (2006). Qualitative differences between naive and scientific theories of evolution. Cognitive Psychology, 52, 170–194. [PDF]
TURCHIN, V. (1977). The phenomenon of science : A cybernetic theory of human evolution. Columbia University Press.
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RICHARDS, R.J. (1987). Darwin and the emergence of evolutionary theories of Mind & Behavior. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press. MAHER, B. (2009). Evolution : Biology's next top model ? Nature, 458 (7239), 695-698.
SOBER, E. (1984). Force and disposition in evolutionary theory. In C. Hookway (Ed.), Minds, machines and evolution (pp. 43-62). Cambridge : University Press. DeBRUINE, L.M. (2009). Beyond "just-so stories" : How evolutionary theories led to predictions that non-evolution-minded researchers would never dream of. The Psychologist, 22 (11), 930-931. [PDF]
EVANS, E.M. & LANE, J.D. (2011). Contradictory or complementary ? Creationist and evolutionist explanations of the origin(s) of species. Human Development, 54 (3), 144-159.
LLOYD E. (1988). The structure and confirmation of evolutionary theory. Boulder : Greenwood Press. SCOTT-PHILLIPS, T.C., DICKINS, T.E. & WEST, S.A. (2011). Evolutionary theory and the ultimate-proximate distinction in the human behavioral sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6 (1), 38-47. [PDF]
KIMURA, M. (1989). The neutral theory of molecular evolution and the world view of the neutralists. Genome, 31 (1), 24-31. LALAND, K.J., ULLER, T., FELDMANM M., STERELNY, K., MÜLLER, G.B., MOCZEK, A., JABLONKA, E., ODLING-SMEE, J., WRAY, G.A., HOEKSTRA, H.E., FUTUYMA, J. LENSLKI, R.E., McKAY, T., SCHULER, D. & STRASSMANN, J.E. (2014). Does volutionary theory need a rethink ? Nature, 514 (7521), 161-164.

Voir aussi Théorie, Évolution, Fossile et Darwin
Théorie de l'évolution et des jeux : Théorie des jeux appliquée à l'évolution. Théorie qui tente de mesurer les avantages (pertes) et les inconvénients (gains) d'un comportement ou d'une stratégie collective (= espèce). ( ): Beaugrand, Maynard Smith, Parker. Evolution games theory, EGT.

 
LEWONTIN, R.C. (1961). Evolution and the theory of games. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1, 382-403.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. & MICHIE, D. (1965). Machines that play games. New Scientist, 12, 367-369.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1974). The theory of games and animal conflicts. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 47, 209-221.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1976). Evolution and the theory of games. American Scientist, 64, 41-45.
GIRALDEAU, L.-A. & LIVORELLI, B. (1998). Game theory and social foraging, In L.A. Dugatkin, et H.K. Reeve (Eds.), Game theory and animal behavior. New York : Oxford University Press.
STEPHENS, D.W. & CLEMENTS, K.C. (1995). Game theory and learning : The law of effect and altruistic cooperation. In L.A. Dugatkin & H.K. Reeve (Eds.), Advances in game theory and the study of animal behavior. Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (2003). Games and theories. New Scientist, 178, 48-51.
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Théorie des jeux
Théorie de l'identité (physique) : En logique, ensemble de théories qui tentent de répondre à la question : Qu'est-ce qu'un objet ? Quelles caractéristiques doit posséder un objet x pour que l'on puisse affirmer qu'il s'agit bel est bien d'un objet x ? Une légende grecque, rapportée par Plutarque, Thésée et le Minotaure, permet de mieux comprendre ce problème. À son retour d'Athènes, Thésée, vainqueur du Minotaure, un colosse à tête de taureau, confie son bateau aux autorités du port d'Athènes, qui, en bons marins, en retirèrent les planches usées pour les remplacer par du bois neuf. Ainsi, le bateau fut préservé pendant des siècles. Mais après un certain temps, il ne restait plus aucune planche d'origine. Le problème est ici de savoir si le changement de matière (les planches) implique un changement d'identité (un autre bateau ?), ou si l'identité du bateau de Thésée est préservée par sa forme initiale, malgré les transformations ? S'agit-il du Bateau de Thésée ou d'un autre bateau ? En philosophie et en psychologie, le problème consiste à se demander si les concepts de corps et d'esprit renvoient à une seule et même chose (identité) ou s'il s'agit deux objets ou états ayant des propriétés différentes (non-identité). L'une des solutions à ce problème consiste en une théorie de l'identité, élaborée par Feigl et Place, qui postule l'existence d'une identité entre les états mentaux et les états physiques (ou neurobiologiques) du cerveau. Théorie de l'identité, problème du corps et de l'esprit et matérialisme. = théorie de l'identité, cerveau-esprit. Identity theory of mind, mind-brain identity theory.
 
PLACE, U.T. (1956). Is consciousness a brain process ? In B. Beakley & P. Ludlow (Eds.), The philosophy of mind : Classical problems/contemporary issues (pp. 33-39). Cambridge : MIT Press. / British Journal of Psychology, 47, 44-50. KIM, J. & BRANDT, R.B. (1967). The logic of the identity theory. Journal of Philosophy, 64, 515-537.
 FEIGL, H. (1958).The "mental" and the "physical". In H. Feigl, M. Scriven & G. Maxwell, G. (Eds.) Concepts, theories and the mind-body problem (Vol. 2). Minneapolis, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. HORGAN, T.E. (1976). Functionalism and token physicalism. Synthese, 59, 321-38.
LEWIS, D. (1966). An argument for the identity theory. Journal of Philosophy, 63 17-25. RICHADSON, R.C. (1981). Disappearance and the identity theory. The Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 11, 473-485.
 FEIGL, H. (1967). The "mental" and the "physica" : The essay and a postscript. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press. DODD, J. (2000). An identity theory of truth. New York : St. Martin's Press.
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Feigl et Place
Théorie de l'identité (sociale et psychologique) : En psychologie/sociologie, ensemble de théories qui tentent de répondre à la question : Qu'est-ce qu'un individu ? Qui suis-je ? Théorie de l'identité et identité sociale et identité psychologique. Social identity theory.
   
TAJFEL, H. & TURNER, J.C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. In S. Worchel & L.W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations. Chigago : Nelson-Hall.
DOBBS, M. & CRANO, W.D. (2001). Outgroup accountability in the minimal group paradigm : Implications for aversive discrimination and social identity theory. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 355-364.
SCHWARTZ, S.J. (2001). The evolution of Eriksonian and Neo-Eriksonian identity theory and research : A review and integration. Identity : An International Journal of Theory & Reseach, 1 (1), 7-58. [PDF]
McGARTY, C. (2001). Social identity theory does not maintain that identification produces bias, and Self-categorization Theory does not maintain that salience is identification : Two comments on Mummendey, Klink and Brown. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40 (2), 173-176.
HAKOLA, R. (2009). Erik H. Erikson's identity theory and the formation of early Christianity. Journal of Beliefs & Values, 30 (1), 5-15. [PDF]

Voir aussi Théorie, Identité sociale, Erickson, Marcia et Psychologique
 
Théorie de l'influence sociale : Théorie proposée par Latané. Social impact theory, Dynamic social impact theory.

 
LATANÉ, B. & WOLF, S. (1981). The social impact of majorities and minorities. Psychological Review, 88, 438-453.
LATANÉ, B. (1981). The psychology of social impact. American Psychologist, 36, 343-356.
LATANÉ, B. & BOURGEOIS, M.J. (1996). Experimental evidence for dynamic social impact : The emergence of subcultures in electronic groups. Journal of Communication, 46 (4), 35-47.
LATANÉ, B. (1996). Dynamic social impact : The creation of culture by communication. Journal of Communication, 46 (4), 13-25.
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Latané
Théorie de l'information : Théorie proposée par Shannon et Weaver. = modèle de l'information, théorie de Shannon et Weaver. Information theory, theory of communication.
 
SHANNON, C. (1948). Mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423/623-656.
GOOD, I.J. (1955-6). Some terminology and notation in information theory. IEE Monograph/Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers, 103, 200-204.
SHANNON, C.E. & WEAVER, W. (1969). The mathematical theory of communication. Chicago : The University of Illinois Press//London : Urbana.
ESCARPIT, R. (1970). Théorie générale de l'information et de la communication. Paris : Hachette.
WOLFOWITZ, J. (1978). Coding theorems of information theory. New York : Springer-Verlag.
LUCE, D. (2003). Whatever happened to information theory in psychology ? Review of General Psychology, 7, 183-188.
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Shannon et Weaver
Théorie de l'intelligence multiple : Théorie proposée par Gardner pour expliquer le développement de l'intelligence. Theory of multiple intelligences.

 
GARDNER, H. (1983). Multiple intelligences : The theory in practice. New York : Basic Books.
WALTER, J.M. & GARDNER, H. (1986). The theory of multiple intelligences : Some issues and answers. In R.J. Sternberg & R.K. Wagner (Eds.), Practical intelligence : Nature and origins of competence in the everyday world (pp. 163-182). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Gardner
Théorie de l'investissement parental :
 
Théorie de l'optimisme dispositionnel : Théorie proposée par Scheier et Carver pour expliquer le degré d'optimisme des individus face aux difficultés de la vie (catastrophe, cancer, mortalité, etc.) et à l'influence de cet optimisme sur nos choix de vie.
 
SCHEIER, M.F. & CARVER, C.S. (1985). Optimism, coping, and health : Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies. Health psychology, 4 (3), 219-247.
SCHEIER, M.F & CARVER, C.S. (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being : Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 16, 201-228.
SCHEIER M.F., MATTHEWS, K.A., OWENS, J.F., SCHULZ, R., BRIDGES, M.W., MAGOVERN, G.J. & CARVER, C.S. (1999). Optimism and rehospitalization following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Archives of Internal Medicine, 159, 829-835. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie, Scheier et Carver
Théorie de l'organisation hormonale du cerveau : Théorie selon laquelle le cerveau se diférencie sur le plan sexuel dès la naissance en raison de l'effet différentiel in utero de la testostérone. /Intersexualisme. Brain organization theory, hardwired paradigm.

 
JOST, A. 1953. Problems of fetal endocrinology-the gonadal and hypophyseal hormones. Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 8, 379-418.
PHOENIX, C.H. & GOY, R.W., GERALL, A.A. & YOUNG, W.C. (1959). Organizing action of prenatally administered testosterone propionate on the tissues mediating mating behavior in the female guinea pig. Endocrinology, 65, 369-382.
BISHOP, K.M. & WAHLSTEN, D. (1999). Sex and species differences in mouse and rat forebrain commissures depend on the method of adjusting for brain size. Brain Research, 815, 358-366.
BAO, A.M. & SWAAB, D.F. (2010). Sex differences in the brain, behavior, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuroscientist, 16, 550-565.
FINE, C. (2012). Explaining, or sustaining, the status quo ? The potentially self- fulfilling effects of "hardwired" accounts of sex differences. Neuroethics, 5, 285-294.
JORDAN-YOUNG, R. & RUMIATI, R.I. (2012). Hardwired for sexism ? Approaches to sex/gender in neuroscience. Neuroethics, 5 (3), 305-315. [PDF]
JORDAN-YOUNG, R.M. (2016). Hormones, sexe et cervau. Paris : Belin. / Brainstorm : The flaws in the science of sexe differences. Harvard University Press.
 
Voir aussi Différence sexuelle/Hormone/Cerveau
Théorie de la boîte grise : Grey box.

 
DOUGLAS, R.J. & MARTIN, K.A.C. (1991). Opening the grey box. Trends in Neuroscience, 14, 286-293.
SOHLBER, B. & JACOBSEN, E.W. (2008). Grey box Modeling - Branches and experience. IFAC Proceeding, 41 (2), 11415-11420.
Théorie de la boîte noire : En psychologie, ensemble de théories qui refusent de postuler l'existence de processus pour l'instant inobservable, en tout ou en partie (comme la conscience ou l'apprentissage), pour se concentrer sur l'étude des données observables (dites intrant/extrant) qui alimentent (stimuli) ou émanent (comportement) de ces processus. Dans cette expression, la "boîte" renvoie aux mécanismes causaux, qu'ils soient mécanique, biologique ou cognitif, et sa «couleur» à notre capacité d'en observer (blanc ou translucide) ou non (noir/gris) le contenu (= mécanismes). EX: l'esprit est une boîte noire car on ne peut observer directement ses mécanismes, seulement en inférer l'existence; ou grise si l'on suppose que l'esprit repose en partie sur le fonctionnement biologique, qui lui est observable ou potientiellement oservable. C-EX: Un vélo est une boîte translucide car on peut observer tous les rouages de son mécanisme d'entraînement, et ainsi en expliquer aisément les comportements (avance, tourne, freine); une voiture est une boîte blanche car il faut ouvrir le capot pour observer son fonctionnement, ses mécanismes. = contexte opaque, fonctionnement opaque, mécanisme opaque. /cerveau virtuel. Black box theory, black boxism.
HUNT, J.G., BOAL, K.B. & SORENSEN, R.L. (1990). Top management leadership : Inside the black box. Leadership Quarterly, 1, 41-65.
BUNGE, M. (1963). A general black box theory. Philosophy of Science, 30, 346-358. RICHARDSON, R.C. (1999). Heuristics; Black box, figure-ground, modularity, split brain effects and Zeigarnik effect. In R. Audi (Ed.), The Cambridge dictionary of philosophy (pp. 310-311, 379, 579, 874-5, 987). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
WHITHLEY, R. (1972). Black boxism and the sociology of science; a discussion of the major developments in the field. The Sociological Review Monograph, 18, 61-91. WAKEFIELD, J.C. (1999). Disorder as a black box essentialist concept. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108, 465-472.
SALZINGER, K. (1973). Inside the black box, with apologies to Pandora. A review of Ulric Neisser's Cognitive Psychology. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 19, 369-378. [PDF] WAKEFIELD, J.C. (2000). Aristotle as sociobiologist : The 'function of a human being' argument, black box essentialism, and the concept of mental disorder. Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 7, 17-44.
ROSENBERG, N. (1982). Inside the black box : Technology and economics. Cambridge, New York : Cambridge University Press ZHOU X., ZHU, J. & WEISS, L.G. (2010). Peeking inside the "black box" of the Flynn effect : Evidence from three Wechsler instruments. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 28, 399-411.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la cognition socialement distribué : Distributed cognition.

 
HUTCHINS, E. (1995). Cognition in the wild. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press.
KIRSH, D. (1999). Distributed cognition, coordination and environment design. Proceedings of the European Cognitive Science Society. [LIRE]
HUTCHINS, E. (2000). Distributed cognition. Working paper, UCSD.
HOLLAN, J.E., HUTCHINS, E. & KIRSH, D. (2000). Distributed cognition: toward a new foundation for human-computer interaction research. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 7 (2), 174-196. [PDF]
CONEIN, B. (2004). Cognition distribuée, groupe social et technologie cognitive. Réseaux, 2 (124), 53-79. [PDF]
KIRSH, D. (2006). Distributed cognition : A methodological note. Pragmatics & Cognition, 14 (2), 249-262. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la cohérence : En philosophie...
Théorie de la communication : Ensemble de théories qui étudient le contexte social et l'efficacité de la communication et de transmission du message. Communication theory.
GABOR, D. (1946). Theory of communication. Journal of the Institute of Electrical Engineers, 93, 429-441.
SHANNON, C. (1948). Mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423/623-656.
SHANNON, C.E. & WEAVER, W. (1964/69). The mathematical theory of communication. Chicago : The University of Illinois Press//London : Urbana.
ESCARPIT, R. (1970). Théorie générale de l'information et de la communication. Paris : Hachette.
MATUSITZ, J. & BREEN, G.-M. (2011). Applying communication theories toward designing compliance-gaining techniques in customer dissatisfaction. Journal of Tourism & Cultural Heritage, 9 (1), 37-46. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Message
Théorie de la confirmation : Voir Confirmation. Confirmation theory.
Théorie de la connaissance : Voir Épistémologie et Philosophie de la connaissance. Philosophy of knowledge.
Théorie de la correspondance : Correspondence theory of truth.

 
SCHAFFNER, K.F. (1964). Correspondence rules. Philosophy of Science, 36 (3), 280-290.
O'CONNOR, D.J. (1975). The correspondence theory of truth. London : Hutchinson University Library.
VISION, G. (2004). Veritas: The correspondence theory and its critics. Cambridge : The MIT Press.
DAVID, M. (2004). Don't forget about the correspondence theory of truth. In F. Jackson & G. Priest (Eds.), Lewisian themes : The philosophy of David K. Lewis (pp. 43-48). Oxford : Clarendon Press.
 
Voir aussi Théorie et Vérité empirique
Théorie de la décision (psychologique) : Voir Décision. Decision, decision making.
Théorie de la décision (statistique) : Voir Décision.
Théorie de la détection du signal : Ensemble des théories qui s'intéressent au processus par lequel un stimulus est repéré - parmi d'autres - et reconnu par le cerveau. Dans plusieurs théories, il s'agit de la première étape de l'attention. = détection du stimulus. Detection of signal.
 
TANNER, W.P. & SWETS, J.A. (1953). A  new theory of visual detection. Michigan : University of Michigan. [PDF]
TANNER, W.P. & SWETS, J.A. (1954). The human use of information-I-II : Signal detection for the case of the signal known exactly. Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Information Theory, 4, 213-221/222-227. NEVIN, J.A. & MacWILLIAMS, S. (1983). Ratio reinforcement of signal detection. Behaviour Analysis Letters, 3, 317-324.
TANNER, W.P. & SWETS, J.A. (1954). A decision-making theory of visual detection. Psychological Review, 61, 401-409.
ATKINSON, R.C. (1963). A variable sensitivity theory of signal detection. Psychological Review, 70, 91-106.
SWETS, J.A. (1964). Signal detection and recognition by human observers. Contemporary readings. New York : Wiley. ZAHAVI, A. (1987). The theory of signal detection and some of its implications. In V.P. Delfino (Ed.), International symposium of biological evolution. Bari : Adriatica Editrice.
NORMAN, D.A. (1964). Stochastic learning and a quantal model of signal detection. Transactions of IEEE on Applications & Industry, 83, 292-296. ASHBY, F.G. (1988). Estimating the parameters of multidimensional signal detection theory from simultaneous ratings on separate stimulus components. Perception & Psychophysics, 44, 195-204. [PDF]
RILLING, M. & McDIARMID, C. (1965). Signal detection in fixed-ratio schedules. Science, 148, 526-527. MACMILLAN, N.A. & CREELMAN, C.D. (1990). Response bias : Characteristics of detection theory, threshold theory, and "nonparametric" indexes. Psychological Bulletin, 107 (3), 401-413. [PDF]
GREEN, D.M. & SWETS, J.A. (1966). Signal detection theory and psychophysics. New York : Wiley. NEVIN, J.A. (1991). Signal detection analysis of illusions and heuristics. In M.L. Commons, M. Davison & J.A. Nevin (Eds.), Quantitative analyses of behavior (Vol. 11). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.
PARKS, T.E. (1966). Signal detectability theory of recognition performance. Psychological Review, 73, 44-58. YONELINAS, A.P., DOBBINS, I., SZYMANSKI, M.D., DHALIWAL, H.S. & KING, L. (1996). Signal-detection, threshold, and dual-process models of recognition memory : ROCs and conscious recollection. Consciousness & Cognition, 5, 418-441.
BLOUGH, D.S. (1967). Stimulus generalization as signal detection in pigeons. Science, 158, 940-941. SWETS, J.A. (1996). Signal detection theory and ROC analysis in psychology and diagnostics. Collected papers. Hillsdale, New Jersey.
KRANTZ, D.H. (1969). Threshold theories of signal detection. Psychological Review, 76, 308-324. SLOTNICK, S.D., KLEIN, S.A., DODSON, C.S. & SHIMAMURA, A.P. (2000). An analysis of signal detection and threshold Models of source memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 26, 1499-1517.
KUBOVY, M., RAPPAPORT, A. & TVERSKY, A. (1971). Deterministic vs. probabilistic strategies in detection. Perception & Psychophysics, 9, 427-429. ALLAN, L.G. & SIEGEL, S. (2002). A signal detection theory analysis of the placebo effect. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 25, 410-420.
AHUMADA, A.J. & LOVELL, J. (1971). Stimulus features in signal detection. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 49, 1751-1756.
McNICOL, D. (1972). A primer of signal detection theory. London : George Allen & Unwin. WICKENS, T.D. (2002). Elementary signal detection theory. New York : Oxford University Press.
WRIGHT, A.A. & NEVIN, J.A. (1974). Signal detection methods for the measurement of utility in animals. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21, 373-380. [PDF] ROTELLO, C.M., MACMILLAN, N.A. & REEDER, J.A. (2004). Sum-difference theory of remembering and knowing : A two-dimensional signal-detection model. Psychological Review, 111, 588-616. [PDF]
NEVIN, J.A., OLSON, K., MANDELL, C & YARENSKY, P. (1975). Differential reinforcement and signal detection. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 24 (3), 355-367. [PDF] KILLEEN, P.R. & TAYLOR, T.J. (2004). Symmetric receiver operating characteristics. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 48, 432-434.
EGAN, J.P. (1975). Signal detection theory and ROC analysis. New York : Academic Press. WRIGHT, D.B., HORRY, R. & SKAGERBERG, E.M. (2009). Functions for traditional and multilevel approaches to signal detection theory. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 257-267.
KUBOVY, M. (1977). A possible basis for conservatism in signal detection and probabilistic categorization tasks. Perception & Psychophysics, 22, 277-281. LIPP, O.V., DERAKSHAN, N., WATERS, A.M. & LOGIES, S. (2004). Snakes and cats in the flowerbed : Fast detection is not specific to pictures of fear-relevant animals. Emotion, 4, 233-250.
DAVISON, M.C. & TUSTIN, R.D. (1978). The relation between the generalized matching law and signal-detection theory. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 29, (2), 331-336. [PDF] ALLAN, L.G., SIEGEL, S. & TANGEN, J.M. (2005). A signal detection analysis of contingency data. Learning & Behavior, 33 (2), 250-263. [PDF]
POSNER, M.I., SNYDER, R.R. & DAVIDSON, D.J. (1980). Attention and the detection of signals. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 109, 160-174. [PDF] ROUDER, J.N. & LU, J. (2005). An introduction to Bayesian hierarchical models with an application in the theory of signal detection. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 573-604. [PDF]
HEALY, A.F. & KUBOVY, M. (1981). Probability matching and the formation of conservative decision rules in a numerical analog of signal detection. Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Learning & Memory, 7, 344-354. WIXTED, J.T. (2007). Dual-process theory and signal-detection theory of recognition memory. Psychological Review, 114 (1), 152-176. [PDF]
NEVIN, J.A., OLSON, K., MANDELL, C. & YARENSKY, P. (1982). Differential reinforcement and signal detection. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 24 (3), 355-367. [PDF] SIEGEL, S.L., ALLAN, S.D. & HANNAH, S.D. (2009). Applying signal detection theory to contingency assessment. Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 116-134. [PDF]
NEVIN, J.A., JENKINS, P., WHITTAKER, S. & YARENSKY, P. (1982). Reinforcement contingencies and signal detection. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 37 (1), 65-79. [PDF] JANG, Y., WIXTED, J.T. & HUBER, D.E. (2009). Testing signal-detection models of yes/no and two-alternative forced-choice recognition memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 138 (2), 291-306. [PDF]
LYNN, S.K. & BARRETT, L.F. (2014). "Utilizing" signal detection theory. Psychological Science, 25 (9), 1663–1673.
 
 Voir aussi Reconnaissance
 
 
Théorie de la double contrainte :Théorie proposée par Bateson, Haley, Jackson et Weakland, qui décrit et explique les réactions parfois pathologiques des individus qui sont soumis à des situations sociales dans lesquelles il n'y a pas de façon adéquate d'agir, de bonne réponse, peu importe nos tentatives ou nos efforts. Autrement dit, peu importe ce que l'on fait la conséquence de nos comportements est aversive ou désagréable (d'où le mot "contrainte"). Pour certains auteurs, ces réactions pathologiques ou «sous contraintes» vont de la paralysie, lorsque la situation est passagère, à la schizophrénie, si la double-contrainte perdure trop longtemps. EX : Il y a un exemple de situation contraignante passagère dans l'album «Astérix en Corse» lorsque un chef de village Corse réplique à un légionnaire romain : «Je n'aime pas qu'on parle à ma soeur (le Corse) — Mais elle ne m'intéresse pas votre sœur, je voulais seulement... (Le Romain) — Ah, elle te plaît pas ma soeur ? — Mais si, bien sûr, elle me plaît… — Ah, elle te plaît, ma soeur !!! Retenez-moi ou je le tue lui et ses imbéciles ! » Bref, le légionnaire est piégé, quoi qu'il dise. Double bind theory.


BATESON, G., JACKSON, D.D., HALEY, J. & WEAKLAND, J.H. (1956). Toward a theory of schizophrenia. Behavioral Science, 1, 251-264.
BATESON, G. (1978). The birth of a matrix or double bind and epistemology. In M.M. Berger (Ed.), Beyond the double bind (pp. 39-64). New York : Brunner/Mazel.

Voir aussi Palo Alto Bateson, Haley, Jackson et Weakland.
Théorie de la fixation des objectifs/buts : Théorie proposée par Locke, qui stipule que la fixation des objetifs/buts clairs et précis (assigned goal) accroît la motivation d'un individu et, partant, son efficacité au travail (task performance). Goal-setting theory of motivation.
LOCKE, E.A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 3 (2), 157-189. LOCKE, E.A. (1991). Goal theory vs. control theory: Contrasting approaches to understanding work motivation. Motivation & Emotion, 15, 9–28.
LOCKE, E.A. & BRYAN, J. (1968). Goal setting as a determinant of the effects of knowledge of score in performance. American Journal of Psychology, 81, 398–406. BUTTON, S., MATHIEU, J. & ZAJAC, D. (1995). Goal orientation in organizational behavior
research. Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes, 67, 26-48
LATHAM, G.P. & BALDES, J. (1975). The «practical significance» of Locke's theory of goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 122–124. LOCKE, E.A. (2001). Self-set goals and self-efficacy as Lumean mediators of incentives and personality. In M. Erez, H.U. Kleinbeck & H. Thierry (Eds.), Work motivation in the context of a globalizing economy (pp. 13–26). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
LATHAM, G.P., MITCHELL, T.R. & DOSSETT, D.L. (1978). The importance of participative goal setting and anticipated rewards on goal difficulty and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 163–171. VANDEWALLE, D., BROWN, S., CRON, W. & SLOCUM, J. (1999). The influence of goal orientation and self-regulation tactics on sales performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 249-259.

VANDEWALLE, D. (2001). Goal orientation : Why wanting to look successful doesn’t always lead to success. Organizational Dynamics, 30 (2), 162-171.

VANDEWALLE, D., CRON, W. & SLOCUM, J. (2001). The role of goal orientation following performance feedback. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86 (4), 629-640.
LATHAM, G.P. & SAARI, L.M. (1979). The importance of supportive relationships in goal setting. Journal of Applied Psychology, 64, 151–156. LOCKE, E.A. & LATHAM, G.P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation : A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57 (9), 705-717. [PDF]

VAN YPEREN, N.W. & JANSENN, O. (2002). Fatigued and dissatisfied or fatigued but satisfied? Goal orientations and responses to high job demands. Academy of
Management Journal, 45
(6), 1161-1171
LATHAM, G.P. & Marshall, H. A. (1982). The effects of self-set, participatively set, and assigned goals on the performance of government employees. Personnel Psychology, 35, 399-404. LATHAM, G.P. (2003). Goal setting : A five-step approach to behavior change. Organizational Dynamics, 32 (3), 309-318.
LOCKE, E.A., MOTOWILDO, S.J. & BOBKO P. (1986). Using self-efficacy theory to resolve the conflict between goal-setting theory and expectancy theory in organizational behavior and industrial/organizational psychology. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology 4, 328-338. LOCKE, E.A. & LATHAM, G.P. (2009). Has goal setting gone wild, or have its attackers abandoned good scholarship ? Academy of Management Perspectives, 23, 17-23.
LOCKE, E.A. & LATHAM, G.P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice Hall. LUNENBERG, F.C. (2011). Goal-setting theory of motivation. International Journal of Management, Business, & Administration, 15 (1), 1-6. [PDF]
Voir aussi Locke et Théorie
Théorie de la mémoire : Ensemble des théorie/modèle qui explique le fonctionnement de la mémoire. Theoy of memory.

Théories de la mémoire
Modèle de Baddeley et Hitch Modèle de Mishkin Modèle de Shiffrin et Atkinson
 
 
BARBEAU, E.J. (2011). Les modèles de la mémoire : approches anatomo-fonctionnelle et représentationnelle-hiérarchique. Revue de Neuropsychologie, 3 (2), 104-111. [PDF]
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la mémoire floue : Théorie de la mémoire floue. Fuzzy-trace theory.

 
REYNA, V.F. & BRAINERD, C.J. (1991). Fuzzy-trace theory and framing effects in choice : gist extraction, truncation, and conversion. Journal of Behavior Decision Making, 4, 249-262
REYNA, V.F. (2000). Fuzzy-trace theory and source monitoring : An evaluation of theory and false memory data. Learning & Individual Differences, 12, 163-175.
REYNA, V.F. & ADAM, M.B. (2003). Fuzzy-trace theory, risk communication, and product labeling in sexually transmitted diseases. Risk Analysis, 23, 325-342.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la frustration/agression : Ensemble de théories qui postule l'existence d'un lien étroit entre la frustration (cause) et l'agressivité (effet et l'agression). Frustration-aggression hypothesis.
DOLLARD, J., DOOB, L.W., MILLER, N.E., MOWRER, O.H. & SEARS, R.R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven : Yale University Press. ELLIS, A. (1969). Sex, frustration and aggression. Rogue, 18, 27-30
SEARS, R.R., HOVLAND, C.I. & MILLER, N.E. (1940). Minor studies of aggression : I. Measurement of aggressive behavior. Journal of Psychology, 9, 275-295. HANRATTY, M., O'NEIL, E. & SULZER, J. (1972). The effect of frustration on the imitation of aggression. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 21, 30-34.
BARKER, R., DEMBO, T. & LEWIN, K. (1941). Frustration and aggression : An experiment with young children. University of Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, 18, 1-314. CAPRARA, G.V. (1982). A comparison of the frustration-aggression and emotional susceptibility hypothesis. Aggressive Behavior, 8, 234-236.
MILLER, N.E. & BUGELSKI, R. (1948). Minor studies of aggression II. The influence of frustrations imposed by the in-group on attitudes expressed toward out-groups. Journal of Psychology, 25, 437-442. BERKOWITZ, L. (1989). The frustration-aggression hypothesis : Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59-73. [PDF]

DILL, J. & ANDERSON, C.A. (1995). Effects of justified and unjustified frustration on aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 21, 359-369. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Agressivité, Agression, Frustration et Théorie
Théorie de la motivation : Ensemble de théories qui postule l'existence d'une force ou d'une énergie - la motivation - qui pousse les individu à agir. Motivation theory, théory of motivation.
  MASLOW, A.H. (1943). A preface to motivation theory. Psychosomatic Medicine, 5, 85-92. ZAGZEBSKI, L. (2004). Divine motivation theory. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
BOLLES, R.C. (1967). Theory of motivation. New York : Harper & Row.
SOLOMON, R.L. & CORBIT, J.D. (1973). An opponent-process theory of motivation. II. Cigarette addiction. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 81 (2), 158-171. LATHAM, G.P. & PINDER, C.C. (2005). Work motivation theory and research at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 485-516. [PDF]
SOLOMON, R.L. & CORBIT, J.D. (1974). An opponent-process theory of motivation. I. Temporal dynamics of affect. Psychological Review, 81, 119-415.
SOLOMON, R.L. & HOFFMAN, H.S. (1974). An opponent-process theory of motivation. III. Some affective dynamics in imprinting. Learning & Motivation, 5, 149-64. MILLER, W.R. & ROSE, G.S. (2009). Toward a theory of motivational interviewing. American Psychologist, 64 (6), 527-537.
THOMPSON, N.S. (1977). "Instinctive behavior" and "Ethological motivation theory". In B.B. Wolman and L.R. Pomeroy (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Neurology, Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis & Psychology, 6, 67-68 and 4, 388-390.
SOLOMON, R.L. (1977). An opponent-process theory of motivation. V. Affective dynamics of eating. In L.M. Barker, M.R. Best & M. Domjan (Eds.), Learning mechanisms in food selection (pp. 255-293). Waco, Texas : Baylor University Press.
WEINER, B. (1979). A theory of motivation for some classroom experiences. Journal of Educational Psychology, 71, 3-25.
NUTTIN, J. (1980). Théorie de la motivation humaine. Paris : PUF.
KORNADT, H.-J., ECKENSBERGER, L.H. & EMMINGHAUS, W.B. (1980). Cross-cultural research on motivation and its contribution to a general theory of motivation. In H.C. Triandis & W. Lonner (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology : Basic processes (Vol. 3, pp. 223-321). Boston : Allyn and Bacon.
BOWMAN, R.F. (1982). A Pac-Man theory of motivation. Tactical implications for classroom instruction. Educational Technology 22 (9), 14-17.
WEINER, B. (1986). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York : Springer-Verlag.
TURNER, J.H. (1987). Toward a sociological theory of motivation. American Sociological Review, 52 (1), 15-27.
KANFER, R. (1990). Motivation theory and industrial and organizational psychology. In M. Dunnette & L. Hough (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 76-170). Palo Alto, Consulting psychologists press. UDECHUKWU, I. (2009). Correctional officer turnover : Of Maslow's needs hierarchy and Herzberg's motivation theory. Public Personnel Management, 38 (2), 69-82.
URDAN, T. & MAEHR, M.L. (1995). Beyond a two-goal theory of motivation : A case for social goals. Review of Educational Research, 65, 213-244. REEVE, J. (2016). A grand theory of motivation : Why not ? Motivation & Emotion, 40, 31-35.
ZAGZEBSKI, L. (1997). Perfect goodness and divine motivation theory. Midwest Studies in Philosophy 21, 296-310.
 
Voir aussi Motivation et Théorie
Théorie de la personnalité : Ensemble de théories qui postule l'existence d'une organisation stable de la psyché (personnalité), laquelle organisation serait à l'origine des comportements, des émotions ou de l'interprétation de nos expériences. Elles permettraient également d'expliquer les variations entre les individus. EX: Théorie de la personnalité de Freud (ca-moi-surmoi). Theories of personality.
Quelques théories de la personnalité
Théorie de Allport Théorie de Eysenk Théorie des 5 traits (Big five)
Théorie de Cattell Théorie freudienne Théorie des 6 traits (Hexaco)
 
 
LEWIN, K. (1936). Dynamic theory of personality. New York : McGraw-Hill. EYSENK, H.J. (1993). Creativity and personality : suggestions for a theory. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 147-178.
HALL, C.S. & LINDZEY, G. (1957). Theories of personality. New York : John Wiley & Sons. FEIST, J. (1994). Theories of personality. Harcourt Brace.
BOUCHARD, T.J. (1997). Experience producing drive theory : How genes drive experience and shape personality. Acta Paediatrica, 422 (S), 60-64.
DOHERTY, M.A (1973). Sexual bias in personality theory. The Counseling Psychologist, 4, 67-75. HALL, C., LINDZEY, G. & CAMPBELL, J.B. (1997). Theories of personality. New York : Wiley.
PERVIN, L.A. (1980). Personality, Theory, assessment and research. New York : Wiley & Sons. PERVIN, L.A. & JOHN, O.P. (Eds.) (1999/2005). Handbook of personality : Theory and research. / La personnalité. Théorie et recherche. New York : The Guilford Press/Bruxelles : Deboeck.
CATTELL, R.B. (1983). Structured personality learning theory. New York : Praeger. lien PHELPS, B.J. (2001) Personality, personality "theory" and dissociative identity disorder : What behavior analysis can contribute and clarify. The Behavior Analyst Today, 2 (4), 325-335.
FONAGY, P., TARGET, M., GERGELY, G., ALLEN, J.G. & BATEMAN, A. (2001). The developmental roots of borderline personality disorder in early attachment relationships : A theory and some evidence. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 23, 412-459.
HUMPHREYS, M.S. & REVELLE, W. (1984). Personality, motivation, and performance : A theory of the relationship between individual differences and information processing. Psychological Review, 91 (2), 153-184. McCRAE, R.R. & COSTA, P.T. (2003). Personality in adulthood : A five-factor theory perspective. New York : Guilford.
GATCHEL, R.J. & MEARS, F.G. (1984). Personality. Theory, assessment and research. New York : Saint-Martin Press. RYCKMAN, R. (2004). Theories of personality. Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth.
MADDI, S.R. (2006). Taking the theorizing in personality theories seriously. American Psychologist, 61, 330-331.
CLONINGER, C.R. (1986). A unified biosocial theory of personality and its role in the development of anxiety states. Psychiatric Developments, 3, 167-226. CORR, P.J. (2008). The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press.
LINEHAN, M.M. (1987). Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder : Theory and method. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 51, 261-276.  LANE, C. (2009). The surprising history of passive-aggressive personality disorder. Theory & Psychology, 19 (1), 55-70.
WAKEFIELD, J.C. (1989). Levels of explanation in personality theory. In D. Buss & N. Cantor (Eds.), Personality psychology : Recent trends and emerging directions (pp. 333-346). New York : Springer-Verlag. DE YOUNG, C.G. (2010). Toward a theory of the Big Five. Psychological Inquiry, 21 (1), 26-33. [PDF]
PERVIN, L.A. (1990). Handbook of personality, theory and research. New York : Guilford Press. BOAG, S. & TILIOPOULOS, N. (Eds.) (2011). Personality and individual differences : Theory, assessment and application. New York : Nova.
 
Voir aussi Personnalité et Théorie
Théorie de la preuve : En logique, étude des relations logiques entre les éléments d'un raisonnement théorique et ses critères de vérité ou son degré de véracité, sans égard aux aspects sémantiques de la question. Proof theory.
   
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la probabilité : Theory of probability.
 
NEYMAN, J. (1937). Outline of a theory of statistical estimation based on the classical theory of probability. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical & Physical Sciences, 236 (767), 333-380. [PDF]

Voir aussi Probabilité et Théorie
Théorie de la réciprocité : Theory of reciprocity.
 
FALKA, A. & FISHBACHE, U. (2006). A theory of reciprocity. Games & Economic Behavior, 54 (2), 293-315.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la référence : Théorie qui explique comment les mots et les concepts sont reliés aux objets qu'ils désignent ou dénotent. ( ): théorie de la référence descriptive, théorie de la référence causale. Theory of reference.
 
LINSKY, L. (1967). Le problème de la référence. Paris : Seuil.
LINSKY, L. (Ed.) (1971). Reference and modality. Oxford University Press.
QUINE, W.V.O (1974). The roots of reference open court. La Salle, IL.
UNGER, P. (1983). The causal theory of reference. Philosophical Studies : An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, 43 (1), 1-45.
CUMMINS, R. (1997). The lot of the causal theory of reference. The Journal of Philosophy, 94, 535-542.
JACKSON, F.C. (1998). Reference and description revisited. Philosophical Perspectives : Language, mind, and ontology, 12, 201-218.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la relation mot-milieu : Théorie proposée par Barnes-Homes et Hayes pour expliquer le comportement verbal (= cognition ou idée). Cette théorie stipule que les mots sont des comportements verbaux qui, comme tous les comportements, ont un effet sur le milieu (ou contexte), lequel effet ou renforcement augmente la fréquence ou la probabilité d'utilisation de ces mots pour nommer les objets. = théorie de la relation mot-contexte. Relational frame theory, RFT.
 
BARNES-HOLMES, D. (1994). Stimulus equivalence and relational frame theory. The Psychological Record, 50, 61-81. BLACKLEDGE, J.T. (2003). An introduction to relational frame theory : basics and applications. The Behavior Analysist, 3 (4), 421-433. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C. & WILSON, K.G. (1996). Criticisms of relational frame theory : Implications for a behavior analytic account of derived stimulus relations. Psychological Record, 46, 221-236. BURGOS, J.E. (2003). Laudable goals, interesting experiments, unintelligible theorizing : A critical review of relational frame theory. Behavior & Philosophy, 31, 19-45. [PDF]
GALIZIO, M. (2003). The abstracted operant : A review of relational frame theory : A post-skinnerian account of human language and cognition. The Behavior Analyst, 26 (1), 159-169. [PDF]
GALIZIO, M. (2003). Relational frames : Where do they come from ? A comment on Barnes-Holmes and Hayes (2003). The Behavior Analyst, 27, 107-112. [PDF]
BARNES-HOLMES, D., BARNES-HOLMES, Y. & CULLINAN, V. (2000). Relational frame theory and Skinner's Verbal Behavior : A possible synthesis. The behavior Analyst, 23 (1), 69-84. [PDF] TONNEAU, F. (2004). Review of the book Relational frame theory : A post-Skinnerian account of human language and cognition. British Journal of Psychology, 95, 265-268. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C., BARNES-HOLMES, D. & ROCHE, B. (Eds.) (2001). Relational frame theory : A post-skinnerian account of human language and cognition. New York : Plenum Publishers. DYMOND, S., WHELAN, R. & SMEETS, P.M. (2005). A transformation of discriminative functions in accordance with equivalence relations. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 6 (2), 111-123. [PDF]
TONNEAU, F. (2001). Equivalence relations : A critical analysis. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 2, 1-33. [PDF] CULLINAN, V. & VITALE, A. (2008). The contribution of relational frame theory to the development of interventions for impairments of language and cognition. Journal of Speech-Language Pathology & Applied Behavior Analysis 3 (1), 122-35. [PDF]
BARNES-HOLMES, Y., BARNES-HOLMES, D., ROCHE, B. & SMEETS, P.M. (2001). The development of self and perspective-taking : A relational frame analysis. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 1, 42-45. [PDF] GROSS, A.C. & FOX, E.J. (2007). Relational frame theory: An overview of the controversy. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 25, 87-98. [PDF]
STEWART, I. & BARNES-HOLMES, Y. (2001). Understanding metaphor : a relational frame perspective. Behaviour Analysis 24 (2), 191-199. VILLATTE, M., MONESTES, J.L. & McHUGH, L. FREIXA i BAQUÉ, E. & LOAS, G. (2010). Adopting the perspective of another in belief attribution : Contribution of relational frame theory to the understanding of impairments in schizophrenia. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 41, 125-134.
BARNES-HOLMES, D. & HAYES, S.C. (2002). Relational frame theory is a behavior analytic account : Is Tonneau's. European Journal of Behavior Analysis, 3 (2), 87-94. [PDF] VILLATTE, M., VILLATTE, J.L. & MONESTES, J.L. (2014). Understanding and using Relational Frame Theory in experiential clinical practice. In J. Stoddard & N. Afari (Eds.), The big book of ACT metaphors : A practitioner's guide to experiential exercises and metaphors in acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland, CA : New Harbinger.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la réponse : TRI : Sous ce vocable, on désigne un ensemble de modèles probabilistes qui tente de mettre en relation le résultat d'un répondant pour une question donnée (item response) avec son niveau de performance ou d'habileté sur une échelle relative à la compétence mesurée par cette question, compétence ou habileté que l'on ne peut observer directement mais qui peut être inférée à partir des réponses du répondant. Trois auteurs ont, séparément, à leur manière, contribué au dévelopmment de ces théories, soit Lazersfeld, Lord et Rasch. Théorie de la réponse et modèle de Rasch. Item response theory, item response modelS, IRT, latent trait theory, strong true score theory, modern mental test theory.

 
LORD, F.M. & NOVICK, M.R. (1968). Statistical theories of mental test scores. Reading : Addison-Wesley. EMBRETSON, S.E. & REISE, S.P. (2000). Item response theory for psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Ass.
SCHEUNEMAN, J.D. (1980). Latent trait theory and item bias. In L.J.T. van der Kamp, W.F. Langerak & D.N.M. de Gruijter (Eds.), Psychometrics for educational debates (pp. 140-151). New York : Wiley.
HOLLAND, P.W. (1981). When are item response models consistent with observed data ? Psychometrika, 46, 79-92. SIJTSMA, K. & HEMKER, B.T. (2000). A taxonomy of IRT models for ordering persons and items using simple sum scores. Journal of Educational & Behavioral Statistics, 25 (4), 391-415. [PDF]
LORD, F.M. (1982). Standard error of an equating by item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 6, 463-472. FRALEY, R.C WALLER, N.G. & BRENNAN, K.A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 78, 350-365. [PDF]
LORD, F.M. (1982). Application of item response theory to practical testing problems. Hillsdale, NJ : LEA
HULIN, C.L., DRASOGW, F. & PARSON, C.K. (1983). Item response theory-application to psychological measurement. homewood : Irwin.
STOCKING, M.L. & LORD, F.M. (1983). Developing a common metric in item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 7, 201-210.
LORD, F.M. (1983). Maximum likelihood estimation of item response parameters when some responses are omitted. Psychometrika, 48, 477-482.
HAMBLETON, R.K. & SWAMINATHAN, H. (1984). Item response theory : Principles and applications. Boston : Kluwer Academic.
KINGSTON, N.M. & DORANS, N.J. (1984). Item Location Effects and their implications for IRT equating and adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8 (2), 147-154.
LORD, F.M. & WINGERSKY, M.S. (1984). Comparison of IRT true-score and equipercentile observed-score "equatings". Applied Psychological Measurement, 8, 453-461.
KINGSTON, N.M. & DORANS, N.J. (1985). The analysis of item-ability regressions : An exploratory IRT model fit tool. Applied Psychological Measurement, 9 (3), 281-288.
ROSENBAUM, P.R. (1985). Comparing distributions of item responses for two groups. British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology, 38, 206-215.
HAMBLETON, R.K. & SWAMINATHAN, H. (1985). Item response theory : Principles and applications. Boston, MA : Kluwer-Nijhoff. LAVEAULT, D et GRÉGOIRE, J. (2002). Introduction aux théories des tests en psychologie et en sciences de l'éducation. Bruxelles : De Boeck Université.
HOLLAND, P.W. & ROSENBAUM, P.R. (1986). Conditional association and unidimensionality in monotone latent variable models. Annals of Statistics, 14, 1523-1543. [PDF] RIJMEN, F., TUERLINCKX, F., DE BOECK, P. & KUPPENS, P. (2003). A nonlinear mixed model framework for item response theory. Psychological Methods, 8, 185-205.
THISSEN, D. & STEINBERG, L. (1986). A taxonomy of item response models. Psychometrika, 51, 567-577.
TATSUOKA, K.K. (1986). Diagnosing cognitive errors : Statistical pattern classi cation based on item response theory. Behaviormetrika, 13, 73-86.
THISSEN, D. & LYNNE, S. (1986). A taxonomy of item response models. Psychometrika, 51, 567-577.
LORD, F.M. (1986). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian parameter estimation in item response theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 23 (2), 57-162. VON DAVIER, M. (2004). Partially observed mixtures of IRT models : An extension of the generalized partial-credit model. Applied Psychological Measurement 28 (6), 389-406.
MISLEVY, R. (1987). Recent developments in item response theory with implications for teacher certi cation. Review of Research in Education, 14, 239-275. BERTRAND R. et BLAIS, J.-G. (2004). Modèles de mesure. L'apport de la théorie des réponses aux items. Sainte-Foy, Presses de l'Université du Québec.
McKINLEY, R.L. (1988). A comparison of six methods for combining multiple IRT item parameter estimates. Journal of Educational Measurement, 25, 233-246. VON DAVIER, M. & ROST, J. (2006) Mixture Distribution Item Response Models. In C.R. Rao and S. Sinharay (Eds.), Handbook of Statistics (Vol. 26). Psychometrics. Amsterdam : Elsevier.
THISSEN, D. & STEINBERG, L. (1988). Data analysis using item response theory. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 385-395. SIJTSMA, K. & JUNKER, B.W. (2006). Item response theory : Past performance, present developments, and future expectations. Behaviormetrika, 33, 75-102
HAMBLETON, R.K. (Ed.) (1989). Applications of item response theory. International Journal of Educational Research, 13, 121-220. VON DAVIER, M. & VON DAVIER, A.A. (2007). A unified approach to IRT scale linking and scale transformation. Methodology : European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral & Social Sciences, 3, 115-124.
WARM, T.A. (1989). weighted likelihood estimation of ability in item response models. Psychometrika, 54, 427-450. HABERMAN, S.J., HOLLAND, P.W. & SINHARAY, S. (2007). Limits on log odds ratios for unidimen- sional item response theory models. Psychometrika, 72, 551-561.
McKINLEY, R.L. (1989). Methods plainly speaking : An introduction to item response theory. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 22, 37-57. DE AYALA, R.J. (2009). The theory and practice of item response theory. New York : The Guilford Press.
HAMBLETON, R.K. (1989). Constructing tests with item response models : A discussion of methods and two problems. Bulletin of the International Test Commission, 16, 96-106. LEVY, R., MISLEVY, R. & SINHARAY, S. (2009). Posterior predictive model checking for multidimensionality in item response theory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 33, 519- 537
HOLLAND, P.W. (1990). On the sampling theory foundations of item response theory models. Psychometrika, 55, 577-601. RIJMEN, F. (2010). Formal relations and an empirical comparison among the bi-factor, the testlet, and a second-order multidimensional IRT model. Journal of Educational Measurement, 47, 361-372.
STOCKING, M.L. (1990). Specifying optimum examinees for item parameter estimation in item response theory. Psychometrika, 55, 461-475.
HOLLAND, P.W. (1990). The Dutch identity : A new tool for the study of item response theory models. Psychometrika, 55, 5-18. HABERMAN, S.J. & SINHARAY, S. (2010). Reporting of subscores using multidimensional item response theory. Psychometrika, 75, 209-227.
THISSEN, D. & WAINER,H. (1990). Con dence envelopes for item response theory. Journal of Educational Statistics, 15, 113-128. LI, D., JIANG, Y. & VON DAVIER, A.A. (2012). The accuracy and consistency of a series of IRT true score equatings. Journal of Educational Measurement, 49, 167-189.
MISLEVY, R. & VERHEIST, N. (1990). Modeling item responses when different subjects employ different solution strategies. Psychometrika, 55, 195-215. BÉLAND, S., MAGIS, D. et RAÎCHE, G. (2013). Estimation des paramètres d'item et de sujet à partir du modèle de Rasch : une étude comparative des logiciels BILOG-MG, ICL et R. Mesure et Évaluation en Éducation, 36 (1), 83-110. [PDF]
HAMBLETON, R.K., SWAMINATHAN, H. & ROGERS, J. (1991). Fundamentals of item response theory. Newbury Park, CA : Sage. KHORRAMDEL, L. & VON DAVIER, M. (2014). Measuring response styles Across the Big Five : A multiscale extension of an approach using multinomial processing trees. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 49 (2), 161-177.
HAMBLETON, R.K. & JONES, W. (1993). Comparison of classical test theory and item response. Educational Measurement : Issues & Practice, 12 (3), 38-47. SINHARAY, S. & HABERMAN, S.J. (2014). How often is the misfit of item response theory models practically significant ? Educational Measurement : Issues & Practice, 33 (1), 23-35.
MISLEVY, R. (1993). Foundations of a new test theory. In N. Frederiksen, R.J. Mislevy & I.I. Bejar (Eds.), Test theory for a new generation of tests (pp. 19-39). Hillsdale : Erlbaum. ROSE, N., VON DAVIER, M. & NAGENGAST, B. (2015). Commonalities and differences in IRT-based methods for nonignorable item nonresponses. Psychological Test & Assessment Modeling, 57, 472-498.
MURAKI, E. & CARLSON, J.E. (1995). Full information factor analysis for polytomous item responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19, 73-90. ROSE, N., VON DAVIER, M. & NAGENGAST, B. (2017). Modeling omitted and not-reached items in IRT models. Psychometrika, 82, 795-819.
GRAY-LITTLE, B., WILLIAMS, V.S.L. & HANCOCK, T.D. (1997). An item response theory analysis of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 443-451. [PDF] CARLSON, J. & VON DAVIER, M. (2017). Item response theory. In R.E. Bennett & M. Van Davier (Eds.), Advancing human assessment ; The methodological, psychological, and policy contributions of ETS (pp. 133-178). Springer Open.
HARVEY, R.J. & HAMMER, A. (1999). Item response theory. Counseling Psychologist, 27, 353-383.
 
Voir aussi Mesure, Style de réponse et Modèle de Rasch
Théorie de la séduction : Chez Freud... Seduction theory.
 
MASSON, J.M. (1984) The assault on truth : Freud's suppression of the seduction theory. New York, NY : Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
SCHIMEK, J (1987). Fact and fantasy in the seduction theory : A historical review. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 35, 937-965.
ALVAREZ-LINCE, V. (2005). From the seduction theory to the oedipus complex. Vertex, 16, 386-397.
ZEPF, S. & ZEPF, F.D. (2011). "You are requested to close an eye" : Freud's seduction theory and theory of the Oedipus complex revisited. Psychoanalytic Review, 98 (3), 287-323.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la signifiation : Ensemble de théories qui permettent d'expliquer le fonctionnement de la signification. Theory of meaning.
 
 PAPINEAU, D. (1979). Theory of meaning. Oxford : Clarendon Press.
JOHNSON-LAIRD, P.N. & BYRNE, R.M.J. (2002). Conditionals : A theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference. Psychological Review, 109, 646-678.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie de la vision : Ensemble de théories qui permettent d'expliquer le fonctionnement de la vision. Theory of vision.
 
ARMSTRONG, D.M. (1960). Berkeley's theory of vision. Melbourne University Press.
TURVEY, M.T. (1977). Contrasting orientations to the theory of visual information processing. Psychological Review, 84 (1), 67–88.
 
Voir aussi Vision et Théorie
Théorie des automates : Un automate est un système ou une machine simple dont tous les états internes ou externes (comportements) et les règles de transformation (passage d'un état à l'autre) peuvent être décrit par des équations. Theory of automata.
 
 VON NEUMANN, J. (1951). The general and logical theory of automata. In L.A. Jeffress (Ed.), Cerebral mechanisms in behavior (pp. 1-41). New York : Wiley.
 SHANNON, C.E. & McCARTHY, J. (Eds.) (1956). Automata studies. Princeton : Princeton University Press.
 KLEENE, S.C. (1956). Representation of events in nerve nets and finite automata. In C.E. Shannon & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Automata studies (pp. 3-41). Princeton : Princeton University Press.
 MINSKY, M.L. (1956). Some universal elements for finite automata. In C.E. Shannon & J. McCarthy (Eds.), Automata studies. (pp. 117-128). Princeton : Princeton University Press.
BICKHARD, M.H. (1982). Automata theory, artificial intelligence, and genetic epistemology. Revue Internationale de Philosophie, 36 (142-143), 549-566.
 RUBINSTEIN, A. (1986). Finite automata play the repeated prisoner's dilemma. Journal of Economic Theory, 39, 83-96.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des besoins : Voir Besoin. Need.
Théorie des cadres relationnels : Voir Théorie de la relation mot-milieu. Relational frame theory, RFT.
Théorie des catastrophes : Théorie proposée par Thom pour expliquer comment un système parvient grâce à de lègères et multiples modifiations internes à maintenir sont équilibre, jusqu'à ce qu'il ne puisse plus le faire; alors l'équilibre est rompu et le système, pour s'adapter, doit se transformer brusquement (=catastrophe). Les équations de Thom décrivent comment de petites modifications engendrent un grand changement. = théorie de la goutte qui fait déborder le vase. Catastrophe theory.
 
THOM, R. (1975). Structural stability and morphogenesis; an outline of a general theory of models. Reading, MA : W.A. Benjamin.
 ZEEMAN, E.C. (1976). Catastrophe theory. Scientific American, 234, 65-83.
 ZEEMAN, E.C. (1977). Catastrophe Theory : Selected Papers 1972-1977. Addison-Wesley.
FREY, P.W. & SEARS, R.J. (1978). Model of conditioning incorporating the Rescorla-Wagner associative axiom, a dynamic attention process, and a catastrophe rule. Psychological Review, 85 (4), 321-340.
THOM, R. (1983). Paraboles et catastrophes. Paris : Flammarion.
THOM, R. (1990). La théorie des catastrophes. Dans R. Thom (Dir.), Apologie du logos (p. 333-451). Paris : Hachette.
RAAIJMAKERS, J.G.W., VAN KOTEN, S. & MOLENAAR, P.C M. (1996). On the validity of simulating stagewise development by means of PDP networks : Application of catastrophe analysis and an experimental test of rule-like network performance. Cognitive Science, 20, 101-136.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des champs : Field theory.
 
 LEWIN, K. (1942). Field theory and learning. In D. Cartwright (Ed., 1951). Field theory in social science : selected theoretical papers. London : Social Science Paperbacks.
 LEWIN, K. (1943). Defining the field at a given time. Psychological Review, 50, 292-310.
 LEWIN, K. (1951). Field theory in social science. New York : Harper.
Théorie des cinq facteurs/traits : Voir Cinq traits centraux. Big five.
Théorie des six facteurs/traits : Voir Six traits centraux. Hexaco.
Théorie des écarts aversifs entre les sois : Théorie proposée par Higgins. Self-concept discrepancy theory.
HIGGINS, E.T., KLEIN, R. & STAUMAN, T. (1985). Self-concept discrepancy theory : a psychological model for distinguishing among different aspects of depression and anxiety. Social cognition, 3, 51-76.
HIGGINS, E.T., BOND, R.N., KLEIN, R. & STRAUMAN, T. (1986). Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability : how magnitude, accessibility, and type of discrepancy influence affect. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 51, 5-15.
HIGGINS, E.T. (1987). Self-discrepancy : A theory relating self and affect. Psychological Review, 94 (3), 319-340. [PDF]
MORETTI M.M. & HIGGINS, E.T. (1990). Relating self-discrepancy to self-esteem : The contribution of discrepancy beyond actual-self ratings. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 26, 108-123.
HIGGINS, E.T. (1999). When do self discrepancies have specific relations to emotions ? The second-generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998). Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 77 (6), 1313-1317.
 
Voir aussi Higgins et Théorie
Théorie des ensembles : Théorie développée par Cantor. Set theory.
 
MONK, J.D. (1969). Introduction to set theory. McGraw-Hill : New York. ROITMAN, J. (1990). Introduction to modern set theory. New York : Wiley & sons.
CANTOR, G. (1969). Fondements d'une théorie générale des ensembles. Seuil : Paris. WEESE, M. & WINFRIED, J. (1998). Discovering modern set theory. American mathematical society.
PINTER, C. (1971). Set theory. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. POTTER, M. (2004). Set theory and its philosophy : A critical introduction. Oxford University Press.
ENDERTON, H.B. (1977). Elements of set theory. Academic Press, Inc.
 
Voir aussi Cantor et Ensemble
Théorie des équilibres ponctués : Voir Équilibres ponctués. Punctuationism, punctuated equilibrium, punctuated equilibria.
Théorie des jeux : Théorie qui tente de mesurer les avantages (gains) et les inconvénients (perte) d'un comportement ou d'une stratégie (individuelle ou collective). EX: Un animal a-t-il avantage à être agressif si ses congénères lui tiennent tête ? Un consommateur a-t-il avantage à acheter une maison si les taux d'intérêt sont élevés ? Une enfant a-t-elle avantage à prêter ses jouets à ses amies si elle est la seule à le faire ? Un pays a-t-il avantage à réduire ses émission de gaz à effet de serre si ses voisins n'emboîtent pas le pas ? Le terme jeu désigne ici une situation où les acteurs peuvent gagner ou perdre quelque chose, selon qu'ils agissent ou non, et selon qu'ils savent ou non ce que les autres feront (stratégie). Théorie des jeux, jeu et conflits. Game theory, games.
 
 
VON NEUMANN, J. & MORGENSTERN, O. (1944). Theory of games and economic behavior. Princeton : Princeton University Press. FRIEDMAN, J.W. & MEZZETTI, C. (2001). Learning in games by random sampling. Journal of Economic Theory, 98 (1), 55-84.
STONE, R. (1948). The theory of games. The Economic Journal, 58 (20), 185–201. RASMUSSEN, E. (2001). Games and information : An introduction to game theory. Blackwell, Oxford.
NASH, J. (1950). Equilibrium points in n-person games. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 36 (1), 48-49.
NASH, J. (1951). Non-cooperative games. The Annals of Mathematics, 54 (2), 286-295.
NASH, J. (1953). Two-person cooperative games. Econometrica, 21 (1), 128-140. [PDF]
TUCKER, A.W. & LUCE, D. (Eds.) (1959). Contributions to the theory of games, IV, annals of mathematics study, (AM-40). Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press. MAYNARD SMITH, J. (2003). Games and theories. New Scientist, 178, 48-51.
DAVID, F.N. (1962). Games, gods and gambling : the origins and history of probability and statistical ideas from the earliest times to the newtonian era. London : Griffin. COLMAN, A.M. (2003). Cooperation, psychological game theory, and limitations of rationality in social interaction. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 26, 139-153.
HARSANYI, J.C. (1973). Games with randomly distributed payoffs : A new rationale for mixed-strategy equilibrium points. International Journal of Game Theory, 2 (1), 1-23. CAMERER, C.F. (2003). Behavioral game theory : Experiments in strategic interaction. Princeton, NJ. : Princeton University Press.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1974). The theory of games and animal conflicts. Journal of Theoritecal Biology, 47, 209-221. [PDF] OSBORNE, M.J. (2004). An introduction to game theory. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
RAPOPORT, A. (1974). Game theory as a theory of conflict resolution. D. Riedel Publishing Company. WISEMAN, T. (2005). A partial folk theorem for games with unknown payoff distributions. Econometrica, 73 (2), 629-645.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1976). Evolution and the theory of games : In situations characterized by conflict of interest, the best strategy to adopt depends on what others are doing American Scientist, 64 (1), 41-45. [PDF] EBER, N. (2005/2018). Théorie de jeux. Paris : Dunod.
HINDE, R.A. (1981). Animal signals : ethological and games-theory approaches are not incompatible. Animal Behaviour, 29, 535-542. ZAMORA-BONILLA, J.P. (2007). Science studies and the theory of games. Perspectives on Science, 14, 639-671.
MAYNARD SMITH, J. (1976). Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. HOFBAUER, J. & SANDHOLM, W. (2007). Evolution in games with randomly distributed payoffs. Journal of Economic Theory, 132 (1), 47-69.
MYERSON, R.B. (1991). Game theory : Analysis of conflict. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press.
BINMORE, K. (1991). Fun and games theory : A text on game theory. Lexington, MA : D.C. Heath.

FUDENBERG, D. & TIROLE, J. (1991). Game theory. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. VAN VUGT, M. & KURZBAN, R.K. (2007). Cognitive and social adaptations for leadership and followership : Evolutionary game theory and group dynamics. In J. Forgas, W. von Hippel & M. Haselton (Eds.), The evolution of the social mind : Evolutionary psychology and social cognition (Vol. 9 pp. 229-244). London : Psychology Press.
GIBBONS, R. (1992). Game theory for applied economists. Princeton : Princeton University Press,
RABIN, M. (1993). Incorporating fairness into game theory and economics. American Economic Review, 83,1281–1302. ROY, D. (2008). Comportement stratégique en économie - Une introduction à la théorie des jeux. Montréal : Modulo.
STEPHENS, D.W. & CLEMENTS, K.C. (1995). Game theory and learning : The law of effect and altruistic cooperation. In L.A. Dugatkin & H.K. Reeve (Eds.), Advances in game theory and the study of animal behavior. Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press. BOTELHO, A., HARRISON, G.W., PINTO, L.M. & RUTSTRÖM, E.E. (2009). Testing static game theory with dynamic experiments : A case study of public goods. Games & Economic Behavior, 67 (1), 253-265. [PDF]
RAPOPORT, A. (1999). Game theory : Contributions to the study of human cognition. Cognitive Studies : Bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society, 6, 142-167. CAPPS, D. (2011). John Nash, game theory, and the schizophrenic brain. Journal of Religion & Health, 50 (1), 145-162.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des niveaux intégrés : Theory of integrative levels.
 
FEIBLEMAN, J.K. (1954). Theory of integrative levels. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 5, 59-66.
ARONSON, L.R. (1984). Levels of integration and organization : a reevaluation of the evolutionary scale. In G. Greenberg & E. Tobach (Eds.), Behavioral evolution and integrative levels (pp. 57-82). Hillsdale, NJ : Psychology Press.
BELLO-MORALES, R. & DELGADO-GARCIA, M. (2015). The social neuroscience and the theory of integrative levels. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 9 [54] 1-11. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Émergence et Théorie
Théorie des perspectives : Théorie proposée en 1979 par Kahneman et Tversky, fondée sur le concept d'aversion à la perte. Prospect theory.
 
KAHNEMAN, D. & TVERSKY, A. (1979). Prospect theory : An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291.
KAHNEMAN, D. & TVERSKY, A. (1992). Advances in prospect theory : Cumulative representation of uncertainty. Journal of Risk & Uncertainty, 5, 297-323.
 
Voir aussi Aversion à la perte et Théorie
Théorie des petits pas : Conception intuitive du changement qui prétend que pour apprendre il faut faire les choses souvent mais à petites doses : «Souvent;peu». Cette conception renvoie, sur le plan scientifique, à l'apprentissage par façonnement, un concept largement appuyé par les faits. Cette théorie s'applique également aux changements sociaux. Elle se fonde sur le principe que les changements trop en profondeur, proposés par des "experts" sont long à planifier et à initier, et de ce fait suscitent souvent chez les principaux intéressés une grande résistance. Il est donc préférable de procéder à quelques petits changements (les petits pas), rapidement implantés, évalués et corrigés s'il y a lieu. EX : En éducation, plutôt que de procéder à de grandes et interminables réformes, il vaudrait mieux apprendre aux futurs maîtres de bonnes méthodes d'enseignement du français, qui ont fait leur preuve dans les écoles, et compter sur le dévouement et le dynamisme du milieu pour transformer ce «petit pas» en un changement substantiel et bénéfique pour tous. = Souvent;peu, démarche à petits pas. Small step theory.
   
Étapes Théorie des petits pas
1 Interroger les acteurs sur les solutions possibles à un problème
2 Proposer un petit changement qui fait consensus chez les acteurs/experts
3 Implanter rapidement ce changement
4 Évaluer ce changement le plus tôt possible
5 S'il y a lieu, corriger les erreurs et proposer une autre petit changement, et ainsi de suite...
   
Voir aussi Changement, Apprentissage et Façonnement
Théorie des petits problèmes : Croyance selon laquelle un individu confronté à des problèmes a très peu de risque d'être affligé de problèmes encore plus graves, du moins à court terme. EX: Un type qui découvre que sa femme le trompe avec son meilleur ami est convaincu d'être à l'abri d'un cancer ou de déboires financiers. Le raisonnement de ce "pauvre" type est simple : la malchance n'est pas aveugle, elle obéit a un principe de justice, en conséquence elle ne peut frapper un même individu deux fois, et si oui, elle ne poussera pas l'odieux jusqu'à lui pourir davantage la vie. = justice naturelle des pauvres, l'équilibre de la malchance, optimisme des éclopés.
 
Voir aussi Théorie implicite de la personnalité
Théorie des portillons : Théorie développée par Melzack et Wall pour expliquer la perception de la douleur. Gate control theory.
MELZACK, R. & WALL, P. (1965). Pain mechanisms : A new theory. Science, 150, 971.
WALL, P.D. (1978). The gate control of pain mecanism : re-examination and restatement. Brain, 101 (1), 1-18.
MELZACK, R. (1996). Gate control theory : on the evolution of pain concepts. Official Journal of the American Pain Society, 5, 128-138.
KUGELMANN, R. (1997). The psychology and management of pain : Gate control as theory and symbol. Theory & Psychology, 7 (1), 43-65.
MELZACK, R. & KATZ, J (2003). The gate control theory : Reaching for the brain. In T. Hadjistavropoulos & K.D. Craig (Eds.), Pain : Psychological perspectives. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
CRAMÉR, H. (1946).
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des probabilités : ( ): loi des probabilités, loi normale, loi des moindres carrés. Probability theory, Laplace-Gauss law.
 

CRAMÉR, H. (1976). Half a century with probability theory : Some personal recollections. Annals of Probability,4 (4), 509–546.

 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des traits : Voir Théorie des cinq traits centraux (Big five) et Théorie des six traits centraux (Hexaco). Big five personality traits, five factor model of personality, big five personality theory.
Théorie des types : Type theory.
 
JACKSON, F.C., PARGETTER, R. & PRIOR, E.W. (1982). Functionalism and type-type identity theories. Philosophical Studies, 42, 209-225.
MOSER, P.K. (1984). Types, tokens, and propositions : Quine's alternative to propositions. Philosophy & Phenomenological Research, 44 (3), 361-375.
DILWORTH, J. (2003). A refutation of Goodman's type-token theory of notation. Dialectica, 57 (3), 330-336. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des vecteurs : Théorie qui met l'accent sur un ensemble de phénomènes importants et de longue durée (les vecteurs ou facteurs profonds) pour expliquer les grandes transformations des sociétés. Ces vecteurs non-orthogonaux forment une toile de fond de phénomènes, sociaux ou naturels, dont l'influence sur les phénomènes sociaux plus microscopiques et à court terme est grandissante, mais souvent sous-estimée ou ignorée. EX : Rôle des armées dans l'économie mondiale, militarisation de l'espace et effet sur les conflits armées. Cette toile de fond vectorielle est, par ailleurs, peu influencée par la nature des régimes politiques (démocratique ou non), des idéologies (gauche-droite) ou des valeurs individuelles.
   
Les vecteurs
1 Vente/Achat du pétrole en dollar US
2 Déplacement massifs des populations + Immigration
3 Réchauffement climatique + Hausse du niveau de l'eau des océans
4 Contrôle et militarisation de l'espace
5 Automatisation de l'industrie + Développement des processeurs
6 Exploitation des terres rares et des métaux précieux
7 Contrôle et accès à l'eau potable
8 Course à l'armement  + Robotisation militaire
9 Production du pétrole et des autres formes d'énergies
10 Contrôle de l'information + Internet

   
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie des visuels et des auditifs : Théorie non-fondée empiriquement qui suggère l'existence de trois styles d'apprentissage (visuel, auditif et kinesthésique) et se fonde sur l'idée ou le principe que les individus apprennent de manière différente et que les sens sont des modalités qui explique ces différences. NDLR : Pour une raison que j'ignore, cette pseudothéorie a un succès fou au Québec, notamment dans le milieu de l'éducation. Comprenne qui pourra... = VAK.
 
LAFONTAINE, R. et LESSOIL, B. (1989). Êtes-vous auditif ou visuel ? Montréal : Québécor.
LIEURY, A. (1990). Auditifs, visuels. La grande illusion. Cahiers pédagogiques, 267, 58-62.
ROUSSEAU, L., GAUTHIER, Y. et CARON, J. (2018). L'utilité des "styles d'apprentissage" VAK (visuel, auditif, kinesthésique) en éducation : entre l'hypothèse de recherche et le mythe scientifique. Revue de psychoéducation, 47 (2), 409-448.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie dominante : Dans un domaine de recherche, théorie qu'une majorité de chercheurs considèrent comme la plus susceptible d'expliquer les phénomènes que l'on cherche à comprendre. Il ne s'agit pas forcément de la théorie «la plus vraie» ou de la plus «puissante», mais bien de la théorie qui emporte l'adhésion auprès des chercheurs d'un domaine. Il n'y a donc pas de critères objectifs pour la distinguer d'autres théories, même si le nombres d'articles scientifiques empiriques et théoriques publiés constitue une excellente Indication de sa valeur. Dans certains cas, ces théories deviennent des paradigmes; parfois elles sont remplacées par une "meilleure" théorie et disparaissent complètement (cimetière des théories).
   
Voir aussi Cimetière des théories, Indices d'influence scientifique et Théorie
Théorie du big five : Voir Traits centraux (Théorie). Five personality traits, Five factor model of personality, Big five personality theory.
Théorie du chaos : Chaos theory.
 
GLEICK, J. (1989). La théorie du chaos. Albin Michel.
 
Voir aussi Chaos

Théories du choix
Théorie du choix maximisé (TCM)
Théorie du choix public (TCP)
Théorie du choix rationnel (TCR)
 
Théorie du choix maximisé : TCM : Théorie, développée par Shimp, qui cherche à comprendre comment les individus font des choix. Maximization theory.

SHIMP, C.P. (1969) Optimum behavior in free-operant experiments. Psychological Review, 76, 97–112. RACHLIN, H., BATTALIO, R., KAGEL, J. & GREEN, L. (1981). Maximization theory in behavioral psychology. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 4 (3), 371-388.
STADDON, J.E.R. (1980) Optimality analyses of operant behavior and their relation to optimal foraging. In J.R. Staddon (Ed.), Limits to action (pp. 101–141). New York : Academic Press. KAGEL, J., BATTALIO, R.C. & GREEN, L. (1983). Maximizing versus matching : Comments on Prelec's paper. Psychological Review, 90, 380-384.
 
Voir aussi Choix et Théorie
Théorie du choix public (TCP) : Théorie, développée par Buchanan et Tullock, qui tente d'expliquer le rôle de l'état et le comportement des acteurs (électeurs, hommes et femmes politiques, fonctionnaires, groupes de pression, etc.). ( ): Buchanan, Olson, Tullock. Public choice theory.
 
BUCHANAN, J.M. & TULLOCK, G. (1962). The calculus of consent : Logical foundations of constitutional democracy. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press.
MUELLER, D.C. (1976). Public choice : A survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 14 (2), 395-433.
MUELLER, D.C. (1976). Public choice. New York : Cambridge University Press.
SHUGART, W.F. (2008). Public choice. In David R. Henderson (Ed.), Concise encyclopedia of economics. Indianapolis : Library of Economics and Liberty.
Théorie du choix rationnel (TCR) : Théorie, développée par Buchanan et Tullock, qui attribuent à l'acteur la possibilité d'opérer des choix rationnels qui permettent de maximiser les gains et de réduire des pertes ou les désavantages. Rationel choice theory.
 
SIMON, H.A. (1956) Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review, 63, 129–138.
GOLDTHORPE, J. (1996). Goldthorpe, Rational choice theory and large-scale data analysis, Oxford : Oxford University Press.
BOUDON, R. (2007). Essais sur la théorie générale de la rationalité. Paris : Presses Universitaires de France.
DING, H. & LI, A.M. (2018). A study on maximization paradox and its psychological origin. Psychology, 9, 785-796. [PDF]
Théorie du complot : TC : Il ne s'agit pas d'une théorie scientifique à proprement parlé mais plutôt d'une forme d'explication - parfois scientifique - qui repose sur l'idée que certains actes ou événements à caractère public sont planifiés, préparés et commis secrétement, ou du moins à l'insu des principaux intéressés, en raison de leur nature illégale ou repréhensible, ou simplement parce que ceux et celles qui complotent craignent que leur actes soient perçus ainsi. Certaines de ces théories sont fondées sur des faits et décrivent ou expliquent de véritables complots (EX: Rôle de la CIA dans le renversement du président Salvador Allende au Chili en 1973 (opération Condor), le Watergate, le scandale des commandites au Canada, etc.), alors que d'autres sont de pures fictions sans fondements ou appuis empiriques (EX: Simulation des voyages sur la lune par la Nasa, enlèvements par les extra-terrestres). En clair, certaines "théories" du complot ne reposent que sur des croyances et des superstition, souvent amplifiées par Internet (bogus conspiracy theory), alors que d'autres empruntent à la méthode scientifique et se fondent sur des hypothèses vérifiables (genuine conspiratorial politics). En ce sens, et contrairement à l'idée reçue, une théorie du complot n'est pas forcément fausse ou produite par des illuminés en mal d'attention. En fait, ces "théories" ont plusieurs fonctions : elles peuvent «expliquer» des phénomènes qui semblent inexplicables, qui échappent à notre compréhension spontanée des choses (EX: Objet volant rapidement dans le ciel, de forme étrange); il s'agit parfois de véritable anomalies, que même les théories admises en la matière (théorie dominante ou paradigme) ne parviennent pas à expliquer; elles peuvent également servir à contester une théorie officielle fragile ou bancale (EX : La tour numéro 7 lors du 11 septembre) et, dans certains cas, proposer une explication alternative à cette théorie. Précisons que les acteurs savent pertinemment que le complot qu'ils fomentent est un acte que le public et les autorités considèrent comme illégal ou repréhensible; en revanche, toute personne participant à un complot à son insu, donc sans connaître les motifs réels de l'entreprise, doit être considérée comme instrumentalisée. Théorie du complot, terrorisme et Onze septembre 2001. Conspiracy theories, CT, conspiracy belief, conspiracy thinking, culture of conspiracy, conspiracist ideation, Conspiracist ideation bogus conspiracy theory, genuine conspiratorial politics.
 
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SWAMI, V., PIETSCHNIG, J., TRAN, U.S., NADER, I.W., STIEGER, S. & VORACEK, M. (2013). Lunar lies : the impact of informational framing and individual differences in shaping conspiracist beliefs about the moon landings. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 27, 71–80.

FORD, C., WALLACE, S., NEWMAN, P., LEE, S.-J. & CUNNINGHAM, W. (2013). Belief in AIDS- related conspiracy theories and mistrust in the government : Relationship with HIV testing among at-risk older adults. The Gerontologist, 53 (6), 1–12.
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BANAS, J.A. & MILLER, G. (2013). Inducing resistance to conspiracy theory propaganda : testing inoculation and metainoculation strategies. Human Communication Research, 39, 184–207.

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Voir aussi Complot, Terrorisme, Mythe, Antivaccination, Légende urbaime, Rejet de la scienceet 11 septembre
Théorie du comportement : Voir Comportement, Théorie du comportement orienté par les buts/objectifs ou Théorie du comportement planifié. Behavior theory.
Théorie du comportement orienté par les buts/objectifs : Goal-directed behaviour.
 
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Voir aussi But
Théorie du comportement planifié : Théorie proposée par Aizen pour expliquer et prédire le comportement, centrée sur le rôle des intentions, des attitudes, des valeurs et de la perception de contrôle. Theory of planned behavior.
   
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Voir aussi Théorie et Aizen
Théorie du conditionnement opérant : Voir Conditionnement opérant. Operant conditioning, type II or type S conditioning. conditioned reinforcement, free-operant conditioning, three-contingency model, operant setting.
Théorie du conditionnement répondant : Voir Conditionnement répondant. Classical or pavlovian conditionning, respondent or type I conditioning, conditioning of type S, pavlovian learning.
Théorie du conflit social : Ensemble de théories qui tentent d'expliquer l'origine et le maintien des conflits sociaux.
 
Voir aussi Conflit social
Théorie du contact social : Théorie proposé par Allport (1954) selon laquelle les préjugés, la discrimation et même le racisme diminuent entre les groupes lorsque ceux-ci partagent le même territoire (contact), plutôt que de former des ghettos (absence de contact). Théorie du contact, relations entre les groupes et conflit. = hypothèse. Contact hypothesis, intergroup contact theory, intergroup contact.
 
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TROPP, L.R. & PAGE-GOULD, E. (2014). Contact between groups. In M. Mikulincer, P.R. Shaver, J.F. Dovidio & J.A. Simpson (Eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology : Group Processes (Vol. 2, pp. 535-560). Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
BROWN, R., VIVIAN, J. & HEWSTONE, M. (1999). Changing attitudes through intergroup contact : The effects of group membership salience. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 741-764. PETTIGREW, T.F. (2016). In pursuit of three theories : Authoritarianism, relative deprivation, and intergroup contact. Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 1-21. [PDF]
 
Voir Théorie, Préjugé, Conflits, Tension sociale, Ghetto et Relations/groupes
Théories du développement : Voir Développement. Developmental theory.
   
BOWEN, F. (1860). Remarks on the latest form of the development theory. Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In G. Daniels (Ed.) (1968). Darwinism comes to America (pp. 66-74). Waltham, MA : Blaisdell. [LIRE] ARNETT, J.J. (2000). Emerging Adulthood : A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55 (5), 469-480. [PDF]
BIJOU, S.W. & BAER, D.M. (1961). Child development : A systematic and empirical theory. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts. KNIGHT, C. & SUTTON, R. (2004). Neo-Piagetian theory and research : enhancing pedagogical practice for educators of adults. London Review of Education, 2, 47-60.
REESE, H.W. & OVERTON, W.F. (1970). Models of development and theories of development. In L.R. Goulet and P.B. Baltes (Eds.), Life-span developmental psychology : Research and theory (pp. 115-145). New York : Academic Press.
BRAINERD, C.J. (1978). Piaget's theory of intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall YOUNGBLADE, L.M. & THEOKAS, C. (2006). The multiple contexts of youth development : Implications for theory, research, and practice. Applied Developmental Science, 10, 58-60. [PDF]
CAIRNS, R.B. (1980). Developmental theory before Piaget : The remarkable contributions of James Mark Baldwin. Contemporary Psychology, 25, 438-440. JENSEN, L. (2010). Bridging cultural and developmental approaches to psychology : New syntheses in theory, research, and policy. New York : Oxford University Press.
FISHER, K.W. (1980). A theory of cognitive development : The control and construction of hierarchies and skills. Psychological Review, 87, 477-531.
OVERTON, W.F. (1991). The structure of developmental theory. In H.W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 23, pp. 1-37) New York : Academic Press.
OVERTON, W.F. (1991). Metaphor, recursive systems and paradox in science and developmental theory. In H.W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 59-71). New York : Academic Press.
SCARR, S. (1992). Developmental theories for the 1990s: Development and individual differences. Child Development, 63, 1-19. SIMATWA, E.M.W. (2010). Piaget's theory of intellectual development and its implication for instructional management at pre- secondary school level. Educational Research and Reviews, 5 (7), 366-371. [PDF]
SCHLINGER, H.D. (1992). Theory in behavior analysis : An application to child development. American Psychologist, 47, 1396-1410. [PDF]
MARKOVITS, H. (1993). The development of conditional reasoning : A piagetian reformulation of the theory of mental models. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly : Invitational issue on the Development of Rationality & Critical Thinking, 39 (1), 133-160.
LOURENÇO, O. & MACHADO, A. (1996). In defense of Piaget's theory. Psychological Review, 103 (1), 143-164. [PDF]
WADSWORTH, B.J. (1996). Piaget's theory of cognitive and affective development : Foundations of constructionism. Boston : Allyn & Bacon.
 
Voir aussi Développement
Théorie du développement cognitif de Piaget : Théorie proposée par Piaget pour décrire et expliquer le développement des connaissances chez un organisme. Piaget's theory, Piagetian theory.
 
BRAINERD, C.J. (1978). Piaget's theory of intelligence. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall WADSWORTH, B.J. (1996). Piaget's theory of cognitive and affective development : Foundations of constructionism. Boston : Allyn & Bacon.
SHULMAN, V., RESTAINO-BAUMANN, L. & BUTLER, L. (Eds.) (1985). The future of Piagetian theory : The neo-Piagetians. New York : Plenum. DE RIBAUPIERRE, A. (1997). Les modèles néo-piagétiens : Quoi de nouveau ? Psychologie Française, 42, 9-21.
SMITH, L. (1991). Age, ability, and intellectual development in Piagetian theory. In M. Chandler & M. Chapman (Eds.), Criteria for competence (pp. 69-91). Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. KNIGHT, C. & SUTTON, R. (2004). Neo-Piagetian theory and research : enhancing pedagogical practice for educators of adults. London Review of Education, 2, 47-60.
LOURENÇO, O. & MACHADO, A. (1996). In defense of Piaget's theory. Psychological Review, 103 (1), 143-164. [PDF] SIMATWA, E.M.W. (2010). Piaget's theory of intellectual development and its implication for instructional management at pre-secondary school level. Educational Research & Reviews, 5 (7), 366-371. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Piaget et Développement
Théorie(s) du genre :Il existe clairement deux théories du genre qu'il convient de bien distinguer car, même si ces deux théories partagent le concept de genre - la nature de leur explication et les conséquences que l'on peut en tirer sont fort différentes. La premières est scientifique, la seconde idéologie; pour cette raison, il serait préférable de désigner cette dernière sous le vocable de «conception du genre» plutôt que «théorie».

La première théorie, développée dans les années 1970, repose sur des arguments à la fois scientifiques et idéologiques. Les tenants de cette première théorie - souvent des féministes - fondent leur raisonnement sur deux arguments : 1) les femmes n'ont pas à être cantonnées ou réduites aux rôles traditionnels de la femme (en gros, mère, épouse, secrétaire, etc); il s'agit d'un argument moral ou idéologique et 2) les rôles sexuels ne sont pas déterminés par la génétique du sexe : une homme peut très bien s'occuper de l'éducation de ses enfants - cette tâche n'étant pas naturellement ou biologiquement dévolues aux femmes - alors qu'une femme peut très bien apprendre à réparer la voiture familliale. Si la première affirmation n'est ni vrai ou fausse - au sens scientique du terme - la seconde a été maintes fois confirmée par les faits; les rôles sexuels ou comportements genrés sont le résultats d'apprentissage social et non le produit du sexe biologique, comme on l'a longtemps laissé entendre en science sous l'influence notamment de la théorie de l'instinct maternel et des des études corrélationnelles entre les gènes et le comportement. Si le rôle des gènes n'est pas totalement nul - après tout la capacité d'apprendre est génétiquement programmé - ce que l'on apprend (les comportements) est d'abord et avant tout influencé par les contingences sociales et culturelles de notre milieu. Par voie de conséquence, le même raisonnement s'applique aux hommes qui, malgré leur attributs virils, peuvent très bien apprendre à coudre, à s'occuper des enfants ou à danser le ballet (EX : Épisode des Simpson/saison 6 épisode 17). Bem et sa théorie des schémas de genre est l'une des nombreuses psychologues qui ont contribué à l'assise scientifique de cette théorie. En conclusion, il faut clairement distinguer sexe biologique et genre social; le premier phénomène est déterminé par les gènes, le second par la société. Cette théorie du genre permet par ailleurs de combattre les stéréotypes sexuels. À une jeune fille qui veut jouer au hockey, on ne dit pas «c'est un sport d"hommes, tu n'as pas ce qu'il faut sur le plan anatomique ou hormonal», mais plutôt «on va t'apprendre à jouer»; et surtout pas «c'est parce que tu es en réalité un garçon !». La première théorie du genre soutient qu'une fille (sexe) peut se comporter comme un homme (genre); et vice-versa. Dans cette conception des choses, le genre renvoie à l'ensemble des comportements et des choix traditionnellement associés à un sexe. Un gars joue au hockey, une fille à la poupée. Pour cette théorie, il s'agit d'un stéréotype qui peut engendrer de la discrimination, et non d'une réalité.

En marge de la théorie originale du genre s'est développée une seconde théorie, notamment sous l'influence du socioconstructivisme français et américain. Cette nouvelle théorie prétend que le sexe est une construction sociale; elle nie donc l'existence biologique du sexe, et par voie de conséquence donc la théorie de l'évolution. Elle repose sur deux arguments fallacieux et incompatibles avec la science : 1) chexz l'humain, il existe plus de deux sexes biologiques, homme et femme. En effet selon Fausto-Sterling, il existe cinq sexes sur le plan chromosomique) Ce que l'on ressent détermine notre appartenance à un sexe. Cette pseudo-théorie confond sexe et genre, et laisse entendre que le sexe biologique est une simple construction sociale et le genre un choix individuel conscient. Les cellules sont elles une construction sociale ? Le cancer, la faim ? Le sexe biologique ne se réduit pas à des organes et des hormones, comme on le laisse souvent entendre. En effet, le fonctionnement des gonades sexuelles est régulé par le cerveau; idem pour les hormones. S'il est vrai qu'il existe peu différences entre le cerveau d'une femme et celui d'un homme, nier toute différence est une hérésie. Un homme ne peut donc pas décidé d'être une femme; ce serait comme affirmer que vous n'avez pas de cerveau ou que votre cerveau peut se modifier à votre guise. Si le cerveau est doté d'une grande plasticité, et peut apprendre de nombreuses choses, il ne peut transformer ses propres structures cérébrales (sauf dans le cas de la regénéresence des neurones de l'hippocampe ou neurogenèse). Qui plus est, au-delà de sa structure, le sexe est défini par sa fonction, soit la reproduction. Or dans la plupart des rares cas de non-femme ou de non -homme, que l'on appelle des intersexués, les individus sont stérils. Gender theory.

 
  En construction








 
Voir aussi Piaget et Développement
Théorie du développement moral de Kohlberg : Voir Stade de développement moral.
Théorie du double codage : Voir Codage double. Dual coding theory.
Théorie du monde juste : Croyance selon laquelle il existe un monde juste et équitable. En conséquence, on dira que «chacun reçoit ce qu'il mérite et mérite ce qui lui arrive». = hypothèse du monde juste. Belief in a just world.
 
LERNER, M.J. & SIMMONS, C.H. (1966). Observer's reaction to the innocent victim : Compassion or rejection ? Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 4 (2), 203-210. [PDF] JOSE, P.E. (1990). Just-world reasoning in children's immanent justice judgments. Child Development, 61, 1024-1033.
RUBIN, Z. & PEPLAU, L.A. (1973). Belief in a just world and reactions to another's lot : A study of participants in the national draft lottery. Journal of Social Issues, 29 (4), 73-93. DALBERT, C. & KATONA-SALLAY, H. (1996). The "belief in a just world" construct in Hungary. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 293-314.
RUBIN, Z. & PEPLAU, L.A. (1975). Who believes in a just world ? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65-89. [PDF] LERNER, M.J. & MONTADA, L. (1998). An overview : advances in belief in a just world theory and methods. In M.J. Lerner & L. Montada (Eds.), Responses to Victimizations and Belief in a Just World. Critical Issues in Social Justice. (pp. 1-7). New York : Plenum.
MAES, J. (1998). Eight stages in the development of research on the construct of belief in a just world ? In M.J. Lerner & L. Montada (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in a just world (pp. 163-185). New York : Plenum.
ZUCKERMAN, M. & GERBASI, K.C. (1977). Belief in internal control or belief in a just world : Use and misuse of I-E Scale in prediction of attitudes and behavior. Journal of Psychology, 45, 356-378. LERNER, M.J. (1998). The two forms of the belief in a just world : Some thoughts on why and how people care about justice. In M.J. Lerner & L. Montada (Eds.), Responses to victimizations and belief in a just world (pp. 246-269). New York : Plenum.
ZUCKERMAN, M. (1975). Belief in a just world and altruistic behavior. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 31, 972-976. BÈGUE, L. & FUMEY, V. (2000). Belief in a just world or self-serving strategy ? Social Behavior & Personality, 28, 119-124.
MILLER, D.T. (1977). Altruism and threat to a belief in a just world. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 13, 113-125. HAFER, C.L., BOGAERT, A.F. & McMULLEN, S. (2001). Belief in a just world and high risk sexual behaviour in gay men. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 1892-1910.
LERNER, M.J. & MILLER, D.T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process : Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051. DALBERT, C., LIPKUS, I.M., SALLAY, H. & GOCH, I. (2001). A just and an unjust world : Structure and validity of different world beliefs. Personality & Individual Differences, 30, 561-577.
LERNER, M.J. (1980). The belief in a just world : A fundamental delusion. New York : Plenum. BÈGUE, L. (2002). Beliefs in justice and faith in people : Just world, religiosity and interpersonal trust. Personality & Individual Differences, 32 (3), 375-382.
REICHLE, B. & SCHMITT, M. (2002). Helping and rationalization as alternative strategies for restoring the belief in a just world : Evidence from longitudinal change analyses. In R. Michael & D.T. Miller (Eds.), The justice motive in everyday life (pp. 127-148). Cambridge University Press.
FURNHAM, A. (2003). Belief in a just world : research progress over the past decade. Personality & Individual Differences, 34 (5), 795-817.
WAGSTAFF, G.F. (1983). Correlates of the just world in Britain. Journal of Social Psychology, 121, 145-146. BÈGUE, L. & BASTOUNIS, M. (2003). Two spheres of belief in justice : Extensive support for the bidimensional model of belief in a just world. Journal of Personality, 71, 435-463. [PDF]
SMITH, K.B. & GREEN, D.N. (1984). Individual correlates of the belief in a just world. Psychological Reports, 54, 435-438. HAFER, C.L. & BÈGUE, L. (2005). Experimental research on just-world theory : problems, developments, and future challenges. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 128-167. [PDF]
FURNHAM, A. & GUNTER, B. (1984). Just world beliefs and attitudes towards the poor. British Journal of Social Psychology, 23, 265-269. DALBERT, C. & STOEBER, J. (2005). The belief in a just world and distress at school. Social Psychology of Education, 8, 123-135.
ZWEIGENHAFT, R.L., PHILLIPS, B.K.G., ADAMS, K.A., MORSE, C.K. & HORAN, A.E. (1985). Religious preference and belief in a just world. Genetic, Social & General Psychology Monographs, 11, 333-348. BÈGUE, L. & MULLER, D. (2006). Belief in a just world as moderator of hostile attributional bias. British Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 117-126. [PDF]
DION, K.L. & DION, K.K. (1987). Belief in a just world and physical attractiveness stereotyping. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 52, 775-780. DALBERT, C. & FILKE, E. (2007). Belief in a just world, justice judgments, and their functions for prisoners. Criminal Justice & Behavior, 34, 1516-1527. [PDF]
FINAMORE, F. & CARLSON, J.M. (1987). Religiosity, belief in a just world and crime control attitudes. Psychological Reports, 61, 135-138. CORREIA, I. & DALBERT C. (2007). Belief in a just world, justice concerns, and well-being at Portuguese schools. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 421-437. [PDF]
HAFER, C.L. & OLSON, J.M. (1989). Beliefs in a just world and reactions to personal deprivation. Journal of Personality, 57, 799-823. LENCH, H.C. & CHANG, E.S. (2007). Belief in an unjust world : When beliefs in a just world fail. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89 (2), 126-135. [PDF]
FURNHAM, A. & PROCTER, E. (1989). Belief in a just world : Review and critique of the individual difference literature. British Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 365-384. CORREIA, I., KAMBLE, S.V. & DALBERT, C. (2009). Belief in a just world and well-being of bullies, victims and defenders : a study with Portuguese and Indian students. Anxiety, Stress & Coping : An International Journal, 22 (5), 1-22. [PDF]

DALBERT, C. (2009). Belief in a just world. In M.R. Leary & R.H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior (pp. 288-297). New York : Guilford Publications. [PDF]
  SUTTON, R.M., STOEBER, J. & KAMBLE, S. (2017). Belief in a just world for oneself versus others, social goals, and subjective well-being. Personality & Individual Differences, 113, 115-119.
 
Voir aussi Altruisme et Théorie
Théorie du schéma du ruissèlement : Théorie selon laquelle l'amélioration économique du niveau socio-économique des individus au sommet de la hiérarchie sociale profite également à ceux qui occupent le bas du pavé, en raison d'un mécanisme de distribution de la richesse globale qui va du haut vers le bas, des riches aux pauvres (métaphore du ruissèlement montagneux). = écoulement de la richesse.
 
Voir aussi Système
Théorie du schéma du genre : Théorie proposée par Bem qui tente d'expliquer comme se développe le schéma de genre d'un individu. Un schéma de genre est un réseau intégré de connaissances, de croyances et d'attentes qui déterminent l'identité sexuelle, le genre d'un individu. Selon Bem, l'identité sexuelle se développe en trois temps : 1) d'abord acquérir le sentiment (je me sens un x ) et la conviction intime (je crois être un x) d'être un garçon ou une fille; 2) apprendre les comportements (= rôles) , qui dans chaque culture, sont propres à son genre; 3) choisir un partenaire sexuel masculin ou féminin. Gender schema theory.
 
BEM, S.L. (1981). Gender schema theory : A cognitive account of sex-typing. Psychological Review, 88, 354-364. BEM, S.L. (1985). Androgyny and gender schema theory : A onceptual and empirical integration. In T.B. Sonderegger (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation 1984: Psychology and gender (pp. 179-226). Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press.
SPENCE, J.T. & HELMREICH, R.L. (1981). Androgyny versus gender schema : a comment on Bem's gender schema theory. Psychological Review, 88, 365-368.
BEM, S.L. (1981). The BSRI and gender schema theory : A reply to Spence and Helmreich. Psychological Review, 88 (3), 369-371.
BEM, S.L. (1982). Gender schema theory and self-schema theory compared : A comment on Markus, Crane, Bernstein, and Siladi's "Self-schemas and gender". Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 43 (6), 1192-1194. ARCHER, J. (1991). A methodological commentary on gender schema research. British Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 185-188.
BEM, S.L. (1983). Gender schema theory and its implications for child development : Raising gender-aschematic children in a gender- schematic society. Signs, 8, 598-616. HUDAK, M.A. (1993). Gender schema theory revisited: men's stereotypes of American women. Sex Roles, 28, 279-293.
MORGAN, K.P. & AYIM, M. (1984). Comment on Bem's "Gender schema theory and its implications for child development : Raising gender-aschematic children in a gender-schematic society". Signs, 10, 188-196. STARR, C. & ZURBRIGGEN, E.L. (2017). Sandra Bem's gender schema theory after 34 Years : A review of its reach and impact. Sex Roles, 76 (9-10), 566-578.
 
Voir aussi Bem, Genre, Schéma de genre, Inventraire des rôles sexuels de Bem et Théorie

Théorie du traitement de l'information : Information-theory, information processing theory.
HICK, W.E. (1951). Information theory and intelligence tests. British Journal of Psychology, 4, 157–164.
HICK, W.E. (1953). Information theory in psychology. Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory 1 (1), 130-133.
BERLYNE, D.E. (1957). Uncertainty and conflict : a point contact between information-theory and behavior-theory concepts. Psychological Review, 64, 329-339.
LEAVITT, C. (1975). Information processing theory : New ideas for copy testing. in American Marketing Association Proceedings. Chicago : American Marketing Association.
BETTMAN, J.R. (1979). An information processing theory of consumer choice. Reading M.A. : Addison-Wesley.
 
Voir aussi Traitement de l'information
Théorie général des systèmes :
   
Voir aussi Système
Théorie implicite ou naïve de la personnalité : Il s'agit d'un ensemble de théorie scientifique qui étudie les théories personnelles des individus, d'où l'expression «théories des théories». Ces théories personnelles désignent chez un individu un système de connaissances et de suppositions non-vérifiées (croyances, perception, cognition, attribution, etc), mais considérées par l'individu comme vraies, qui permettent d'expliquer (d'où le mot théorie). de nombreux aspects du fonctionnement normal et anormal d'autrui et de soi-même. EX: Certains individus croient que les personnes qui portent des lunettes sont plus intelligentes que la moyenne. Les jeunes enfants croient que les nuages choisissent la direction vers laquelle ils se déplacent (animisme). Bien qu'il soit fréquent, le terme "théorie naïve" laisse entendre que ces théories personnelles sont suffisamment conscientes et explicites pour qu'on puisse les décrire et les qualifier de naïves (ce qui est parfois le cas). Ces théories font partie d'un domaine plus large de la psychologie que l'on nomme la perception sociale. Théorie implicite, représentation sociale et attribution. = théorie implicite de la personnalité, théorie de l'esprit, théorie scientifique des théories intuitive, théorie du monde physique, théorie des théories. Implicit personality theory, folk psychology.
 
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SCHNEIDER, D.J. (1973). Implicit personality theory : a review. Psychological Bulletin, 79 (5), 294-309. POON, C.S.K. & KOEHLER, D.J. (2008). Person theories : Their temporal stability and relation to intertrait inferences. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 34 (7), 965-977. [PDF]
AJZEN, I. (1977). Intuitive theories of events and the effects of base-rate information on prediction. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 35, 303-314.
RANDS, M. & LEVINGER, G. (1977). Implicit Theories of Relationship : An Intergenerational Study. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 37 (5), 645-661. [PDF]
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STERNBERG, R.J. (1985). Implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 607-627. CURY, F., FONSECA D.A., RUFO M et SARRAZIN, P.G. (2002). Perceptions of competence, implicit theory of ability perception of motivational climate and achievement goals : a test of the trichotomous conceptualization of endorsement of achievement motivation in the physical education setting. Perception & Motor Skills, 95, 233-244.
RUNCO, M.A. & BAHLEDA, M.D. (1986). Implicit theories of artistic, scientific, and every- day creativity. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 20, 93-98. WERTH, L. & FORSTER, J. (2002). Implicit person theories influence memory judgments : the circumstances under which metacognitive knowledge is used. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 353-362. [PDF]
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ERDLEY, C.A. & DWECK, C.S. (1993). Children's implicit personality theories as predictors of their social judgments. Child Development, 64, 863-878. TAMIR, M., JOHN, O.P., SRIVASTAVA, S. & GROSS, J.J. (2007). Implicit theories of emotion : affective and social outcomes across a major life transition. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 92, 731-744.
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DA FONSÉCA, D., CURY, F., FAKRA, E., RUFO, M., POINSO, F., BOUNOUA, L. & HUGUET, P. (2008). Implicit theories of intelligence and IQ test performance in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Research and Therapy, 46 (4), 529-536.
WEGENER, D.T. & PETTY, R.E. (1995). Flexible correction processes in social judgment : the role of naive theories in corrections for perceived bias. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68, 36-51. MALLE, B.F. (2009). Folk theories of consciousness. In W. Banks (Ed.), Encyclopedia of consciousness (Vol. 1, pp. 251-263). Elsevier/Academic Press.
ANDERSON, C.A. (1995). Implicit theories in broad perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 286-290. [PDF] PIZZINGRILLI, P. & ANTONIETTI, A. (2010). Implicit theories of creativity in schoolchildren an exploratory study. Procedia Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2, 4732-4736. [PDF]
ANDERSON, C.A. (1995). Implicit personality theories and empirical data : Biased assimilation, belief perseverance and change, and covariation detection sensitivity. Social Cognition, 13, 25-48. [PDF] MIELE, D.B. & MOLDEN, D.C. (2010). Naive theories of intelligence and the role of processing uency in perceived comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 139, 535-555.
ANDERSON, C.A. (1995). Implicit theories in broad perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 6, 286-290. [PDF] MONROE, A.E. & MALLE, B.F. (2010). From uncaused will to conscious choice : The need to study, not speculate about, people's folk concept of free will. Review of Philosophy & Psychology, 1, 211-224.
DWECK, C.S., CHIU, C. & HONG, Y. (1995). Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions : A word from two perspectives. Psychological Inquiry, 6 (4), 267-285. [PDF] MALLE, B.F. (2010). Intentional action in folk psychology. In T. O'Connor and C. Sandis (Eds.), A companion to the philosophy of action (pp. 357-365). Chichester, UK : Wiley-Blackwell.
DWECK, C.S., CHIU, C. & HONG, Y. (1995). Implicit theories : Elaboration and extension of the model. Psychological Inquiry, 6 (4), 322-333. KAPPES, H.B., STEPHENS, E.J. & OETTINGEN, G. (2011). Implicit theories moderate the relation of positive future fantasies to academic outcomes. Journal of Research in Personality, 45, 269-278.
HARE, A.P., HARE, S.E. & KOENIGS, R.J. (1996). Implicit personality theory, social desirability, and reflected appraisal of self in the context of new field theory (SYMLOG). Small Group Research, 27 (4), 504-531. YEAGER, D.S., TRZESNIEWSKI, K.H., TIRRI, K., NOKELAINEN, P. & DWECK, C.S. (2011). Adolescents' implicit theories predict desire for vengeance after peer conflicts : Correlational and experimental evidence. Developmental Psychology, 47, 1090-1107.
DWECK, C.S. (1996). Implicit theories as organizers of goals and behavior. In P.M. Gollwitzer & J.A. Bargh (Eds.), The psychology of action : Linking cognition and motivation to behavior (pp. 69-90). Guilford : New York. CARR, P.B., RATTAN, A. & DWECK, C.S. (2012). Implicit theories shape intergroup relations. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 127-165. [PDF]
CHIU, C., HONG, Y. & DWECK, C.S. (1997). Lay dispositionism and implicit theories of personality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 73 (1), 19-30. [PDF] McFARLAND, C. & BUEHLER, R. (2012). Negative moods and the motivated remembering of past selves : The role of implicit theories of personal stability. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 102, 242-263.
ERDLEY, C. A, CAIN, K.M., LOOMIS, C.C., DUMAS-HINES, F. & DWECK, C.S. (1997). Relations among children's social goals, implicit personality theories, and responses to social failure. Developmental Psychology, 33, 263-272. YEAGER, D.S., MIU, A.S., POWERS, J. & DWECK, C.S (2013). Implicit theories of personality and attributions of hostile intent : A meta-analysis, an experiment, and a longitudinal intervention. Child Development, 84 (5), 1651-1667.
CHIU, C., DWECK, C.S., TONG, J.Y.-Y. & FU, J.H.-Y. (1997). Implicit theories and conceptions of morality. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 73 (5), 923-940. YEAGER, D.S., TRZESNIEWSKI, K.H. & DWECK, C.S (2013). An implicit theories of personality intervention reduces adolescent aggression in response to victimization and exclusion. Child Development, 84 (3), 970-988.
MALLE, B.F. (1997). People's folk theory of behavior. In M. G. Shafto, and P. Langley (Eds.), Proceedings of the nineteenth annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 478-483). Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum. YEAGER, D.S., JOHNSON, R., SPITZER, B., TRZESNIEWSKI, K.H., POWERS, J. & DWECK, C.S. (2014). The far-reaching effects of believing people can change : Implicit theories of personality shape stress, health, and achievement during adolescence. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 106 (6), 867-884.
GOLDSTEIN, M.D. (1998). Forming and testing implicit personality theories in cyberspace. Teaching of Psychology, 25, 216-218.
ANDERSON, C.A. & LINDSAY, J. (1998). The development, perseverance, and change of naive theories. Social Cognition, 16, 8-30. [PDF] CABELLO, R. & FERNANDEZ-BEROCAL, P. (2015). Implicit theories and ability emotional intelligence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6 [700] : 1-8. [PDF]
RUNCO, M.A. (1999). Implicit theories. In M.A. Runco & S. Pritzker (Eds.), Encyclopedia of creativity (Vol. 2, pp. 2-30). London : Academic Press. YEAGER, D.S., MIU, A.S., POWERS, J. & DWECK, C.S. (2015). Implicit theories of personality and attributions of hostile intent : A meta-analysis, an experiment, and a longitudinal intervention. Child Development, 84, 1651-1667. [PDF]
MALLE, B. F. (1999). How people explain behavior : A new theoretical framework. Personality & Social Psychology Review, 3, 23-48. [PDF]  SHTULMAN, A. (2017). Scienceblind : Why our intuitive theories of the world are so often wrong. New York : Basic Books.
 
Voir aussi Représentation sociale, Cognition sociale, Attribution, Explication et Théorie
Théorie James-Lange : Théorie proposée par James et Lange pour expliquer les émotions. James-Lange theory.

 
Stimulus Activation physiologique Interprétation Émotion
 
JAMES, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Mind, 9, 188-205.
LANGE, C.G. (1887). Eine psycho-physiologische Studie. In J. Rand (Ed.) (1912), The Classical psychologists (pp. 672-684). Boston : Houghton Mifflin.
CANNON, W.B. (1927). The James-Lange theory of emotion : a critical examination and an alternative theory. American Journal of Psychology, 39, 106-124.
 
Voir James, Lange et Théorie
Théorie mathématique : Formalisme. Formalization, mathematical modeling.
Théorie naïve de la personnalité : Voir Théorie implicite de la personnalité.
Théorie neutraliste de l'évolution : Théorie de l'évolution, proposée par Kimura, selon laquelle la plupart des mutations ont une influence négligeable, sinon nulle, sur la valeur sélective des individus d'une espèce. Neutralism, neutral theory of molecular evolution.
 
KIMURA, M. (1983). The neutral theory of molecular evolution. Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press.
KIMURA, M. (1985). The neutral theory of molecular evolution. New Scientist, 41-46.
KIMURA, M. (1989). The neutral theory of molecular evolution and the world view of the neutralists. Genome, 31 (1), 24-31.
GILLEPSIE, J.H. (1994). Alternatives to the neutral theory. In Y. Kim, W. Stephan and B. Golding. (Ed.), Non-neutral evolution : Theories and molecular data (pp. 1–17). London : Chapman and Hall.
Théorie officielle : Explication d'un phénomène ou d'un évènement proposée par une autorité (scientifique, gouvernementale, experts d'un domaine, etc.) et qui, à un moment donné, semble faire l'unanimité, ou du moins faire consensus, dans un groupe, une société. Une théorie officielle n'est pas nécessairement «vraie» ni scientifique, bien que certaines le soient totalement (EX : théorie sur les vaccins) ou partiellement (EX : théorie du 11 septembre). Et encore, faut-il préciser que «par scientifique» on entend pas ici que l'explication officielle ait été vérifiée, donc soumise à un test au moyen de la méthode scientifique, ce qui est plutôt rare étant donné le caractère singulier des événements «historiques» à l'origine de ces théories (EX : L'assassinat de J.F. Kennedy). Cela ne veut pas dire non plus dire que la théorie explique «tout» ou qu'aucun doute ne subsiste quant à la nature des faits qui sont considérés; ce sont de toute manière des exigences qu'aucune théorie n'est en mesure de pleinement remplir. En fait, le mot «officiel» renvoie davantage à une certaine rigueur dans l'examen des faits. C'est cette dernière qualité «analytique» - la rigueur ou la cohérence  - qui donne aux autorités officielles suffisamment de poids ou de crédibilité pour convaincre la majorité du bien-fondé de la théorie. C'est sans doute pour cette raison que certains auteurs préférent utiliser les termes «version des faits, vision ou conception des choses ou thèse dominante», plutôt que «théorie», des termes plus faibles qui s'éloignent de l'idée de vérité probante ou incontestable.

Bref, une explication officielle serait davantage un point de vue simple et cohérent partagé par une majorité, à un moment donné de l'histoire. C'est d'ailleurs le «danger» qui guette certaines de ces théories qui s'enferment dans un vocabulaire hermétique et un raisonnement tellement étriqué et inacessible qu'elles deviennent, pour de mauvaises raisons, incontestables, la «seule version» des faits possible. Rappelons que la découverte de faits cachés, plusieurs années après les incidents du golfe du Tonkin a permis d'ébranler la version officielle de l'entrée en guerre des États-Unis contre le Vietnam, une «théorie officielle» que l'on croyait pourtant solide. Notons qu'une théorie officielle devient un dogme lorsqu'il n'est plus possible de la contester ou lorsque ses détracteurs ou ses «sérieux sceptiques» sont tournés en dérision dans les médias à la moindre objection  (EX : théorie du 11 septembre du NIST). = version officielle des faits, vision partagée par la majorité, concensus historique.
   
Voir aussi Complot, Théorie du complot, Doctrine, Conception du monde et Théorie
Théorie psychologique  : Ensemble des théories proposées par les psychologues. Psychological theory.

HULL, C.L. (1930). Simple trial-and-error learning : A study in psychological theory. Psychological Review, 37, 241-256.
KANTOR, J.R. (1941). Current trends in psychological theory. Psychological Bulletin, 38, 29-65. HINELINE, P.N. (1990). The origins of environment- based psychological theory. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 53, 305-320.
RAKOVE, S.S. (1981). Social psychological theory and falsification. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 123-130. HOUSE, R.J., SPANGLER, W.D. & WOYKE, J. (1991). Personality and charisma in the U.S. presidency : A psychological theory of leadership effectiveness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 364-396.
LOWRY, R. (1982). The evolution of psychological theory. New York : Aldine. GREENWOOD, J.D. (1992). Realism, empiricism, and social constructionism : Psychological theory and the social dimensions of mind and action. Theory & Psychology, 2, 131-151.
REICHER, S.D. & POTTER, J. (1985). Psychological theory as intergroup perspective : A comparative analysis of "scientific" and "lay" accounts of crowd events. Human Relations, 38, 167-189.
GERGEN, K.J. (1988). The concept of progress in psychological theory. Recent Trends in Theoretical Psychology 1-14. BROWN, L.A. & CAMPIONE, J.C. (1996). Psychological theory and design of innovative learning environments : on procedures, principles and systems. In L. Schauble & R. Glaser (Eds.), Innovations in learning : New environments for education. Mahwah, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
GILLIGAN, C. (1989). Mapping the moral domain : A contribution of women's thinking to psychological theory and education. Harvard : Harvard University Press. CACIOPPO, J.T., SEMIN, G.R. & BERNTSON, G.G. (2004). Realism, instrumentalism, and scientific symbiosis : Psychological theory as a search for truth and the discovery of solutions. American Psychologist, 59 (4), 214-223. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Thérorie et Psychologie

Théorie parfaite : Désigne les théories qui expliquent tous les phénomènes de leur domaine, mieux que toutes les autres thérories dites phénomènes = Meilleure explication.
 
Théorie synthétique de l'évolution : Désigne les ajouts à la théorie de base de l'évolution de Darwin, notamment les connaissances en génétiques des populations. = modèle standard de l'évolution. Evolutionary theory, Modern evolutionary synthesis, evolutionary synthesis.


  LALAND, K.N., ULLER, T., FELDMAN, M.W. SRERELNY, K., MÜLLER, G.B, MOCZECK, A., JABLONKA, E. & ODLING-SMEE, J. (2015). The extended evolutionary synthesis : its structure, assumptions and prediction. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282, 1-14. [PDF]
Théorie triarchique : Théorie proposée par Sternberg pour expliquer le développement de l'intelligence. Comme le nom l'indique, cette théorie repose sur trois sous-types d'intelligence. Triarchic theory.

 
  STERNBERG, R.J. (1985). Beyond IQ : A triarchic theory of human intelligence. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.
STERNBERG, R.J. (1988). The triarchic mind : A new theory of human intelligence. New York : Viking.
 
Voir aussi Intelligence et Théorie
Théorie type/token : Type-token theory.
 
PEIRCE, C.S. (1931). Collected papers. Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
HORGAN, T. (1981). Token physicalism, supervenience, and the generality of physics. Synthese, 49, 395-413.
JACKSON, F., PARGETTER, R. & PRIOR, E. (1982). Fuctionalism and type-type theories. Philosophical Studies, 42, 209-225.
 
Voir aussi Théorie
Théorie universelle : Théorie unifiée : Théorie unique : Voir Psychologie unifiée. Unifying psychology, .
Théorique : Qualifie toute chose (raisonnement, explication ou affirmation) qui recourt à des éléments abstraits ou non observables.
   
Voir aussi Théorie
théorique (A-) : Le terme a trois acceptions voisines: a) Se dit d'une explication, d'un concept ou d'un outil de recherche dont le développement ne repose pas systématiquement sur une théorie. Dans ce sens, athéorique est synonyme de neutralité théorique. EX: Plusieurs psycholologues considèrent que le DSM-IV est athéorique, alors que les premières versions du DSM étaient fortement influencées par la psychanalyse; b) On utilise également ce terme pour qualifier - souvent dans un sens péjoratif - les théories psychologiques matérialistes qui refusent de faire appel à des concepts mentalistes pour expliquer le comportement. EX: Plusieurs psycholologues considèrent que la théorie du conditionnement opérant de Skinner est athéorique car tous les concepts explicatifs (renforcement, punition, contingence, etc.) sont du même niveau ontologique que le comportement (ou la chose à expliquer). c) Finalement, on utilise ce qualificatif pour désigner la démarche de certains psychologues empiristes qui prétendent développer des techniques d'intervention thérapeutique ou des méthodes d'enseignement hors de tout contexte théorique, en ne se fondant uniquement sur les données de la recherche. EX: L'enseignement par instruction de Engelmann. En ce sens, «athéorique» est ici synonyme d'empirique.
   
Voir aussi Neutralité théorique et Théorie
Theory & Decision : Revue scientifique. Éditeur : Sage.
BUNGE, M. (1993). Realism and antirealism in social science. Theory & Decision, 35, 207-235.
 
Theory & Psychology : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'examen des théories de la psychologie. Éditeur : Sage.
GREEN, C.D. (2001). Scientific models, connectionist networks, and cognitive science. Theory & Psychology, 11, 97-117. [LIRE]
 
Theory into Practice : Revue scientifique qui consacre ses pages à l'application des théories scientifiques. Éditeur : Ohio State University.
HORNER, S.L. & SHWERY, C.S. (2002). Becoming an engaged, self-regulated reader. Theory into Practice, 41, 102-109.
 
Thérapeute : Terme générique qui désigne celui ou celle qui administre un traitement à une personne souffrante ou en détresse, que ce traitement soit ou non éprouvé sur le plan clinique et scientifique. Au sens strict, spécialiste ou technologue qui utilise des thérapies qui se fondent sur les connaissances issues de la psychologie scientifique pour aider et guérir ses clients/patients. = psychothérapeute, clinicien, psychologue clinicien, analyste. Therapist, psychotherapist, clinician, clinician practice, psy, shrink.
Thérapeute
Éthique et déontologie de-du thérapeute   Parent-thérapeute
Effet du thérapeute Formation du thérapeute Relation/Alliance thérapeute-client/patient
Effet thérapeutique équivalent/Effet dodo  
 
 
SHAPIRO, D.A. (1978). Therapists play monopoly. New Forum, 5, 37-38. STILES, W.B., SHAPIRO, D.A. HARPER, H. & MORRISON, L. (1995). Therapist contributions to psychotherapeutic assimilation : An alternative to the drug metaphor. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 68, 1-13.
STILES, W.B., SHAPIRO, D.A. & FIRTH-COZENS, J.A. (1989). Therapist differences in the use of verbal response mode forms and intents. Psychotherapy, 26, 314-322. MACRAN, S. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1998). The role of personal therapy for therapists : A review. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 71, 13-25.
JENNINGS, L. & SKOVHOLT, T.M. (1999). The cognitive emotional and relational characteristics of master therapists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 3-11.
RIEMER, M., ROSOF-WILLIAMS, J. & BICKMAN, L. (2005). Theories related to changing clinician practice. Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14 (2), 241-254.
SAPYTA, J., RIEMER, M. & BICKMAN, L. (2005). Feedback to clinicians : Theory, research & practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 61 (2), 145-153.
SCHOLER, S.J., REICH, S.M., BOSHERS, R.B. & BICKMAN, L. (2005). A multimedia violence prevention program increases pediatric residents and childcare providers' knowledge about responding to childhood aggression. Clinical Pediatrics, 44 (5), 413-417.
SHAPIRO, D.A., FIRTH-COZENS, J.A. & STILES, W.B. (1989). The question of therapists' differential effectiveness : A Sheffield Psychotherapy Project addendum. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 383-385. KUYKEN, W. & TSIVRIKOS, D. (2009). Therapist competence, comorbidity and cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 78 (1), 42-48.
ELLIOT, R.K. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1992). Client and therapist as analysts of significant events. In S.G. Toukmanian & D.L. Rennie (Eds.), Psychotherapeutic change : Theory-guided and descriptive research strategies (pp. 163-186). Newbury Park, CA : Sage. ANDERSON, T., OGLES, B.M., PATTERSON, C.L., LAMBERT, M.J. & VERMEERSCH, D.A. (2009). Therapist effects : Facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 755-768.
 
Voir aussi Thérapie et Effet du thérapeute
Thérapeute (Effet) : Effet bénéfique ressenti par le clients/patients du seul fait de la présence de son thérapeute, à son contact répété lors des séances, peu importe le type de thérapie auquel ce dernier a recours pour l'aider et le guérir. Effet du thérapeute, thérapeute et thérapie. Therapist effect.
 
CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P. & MINTZ, J. (1991). Implications of therapist effects for the design and analysis of comparative-studies of psychotherapies. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 59 (1), 20-26. [PDF]
CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P., BARANACKIE, K., KURCIAS, J.S., BECK, A. T., CARROLL, K., PERRY, K. & ZITRIN, C. (1991). Meta-analysis of therapist effects in psychotherapy outcome studies. Psychotherapy Research, 1 (2), 81-91.
NAJAVITS, L.M., CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P. & DIEBERGER, A. (2000). Clinicians' impact on substance abuse treatment. Substance Use & Misuse, 35, 2161-2190. [PDF] SANDELL, R., LAZAR, A., GRANT, J., CARLSSON, J., SCHUBERT, J. & BROBERG, J. (2007). Therapist attitudes and patient outcomes : II. Therapist attitudes influence change during treatment. Psychotherapy Research, 17 (2), 201-211.
HUPPERT, J.D., BUFKA, L.F., BARLOW, D.H., GORMAN, J.M., SHEAR, M.K. & WOODS, S.W. (2001). Therapists, therapist variables, and cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in a multicenter trial for panic disorder. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69 (5), 747-755. LUTZ, W., MARTINOVICH, Z., LYONS, J.S., LEON, S.C. & STILES, W.B. (2007). Therapist effects in outpatient psychotherapy : A three-level growth curve approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54 (1), 32-39. [PDF]
SANDELL, R., LAZAR, A., GRANT, J., CARLSSON, J., SCHUBERT, J. & BROBERG, J (2002). Varieties of therapeutic experience and their associations with patient outcome. European Psychotherapy, 3 (1), 17-35. MILLER, S.D., HUBBLE, M. & DUNCAN, B. (2008). Supershrinks : What is the secret of their success. Psychotherapy in Australia, 14 (4), 14-22.
OKIISHI, J.C., LAMBERT, M.J., NIELSEN, L. & OGLES, B.M. (2003). Waiting for supershrink: An empirical analysis of therapist effects. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 10 (6), 361-373. KUYKEN, W. & TSIVRIKOS, D. (2009). Therapist competence, comorbidity and Ccognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 78 (1), 42-48.
TREPKA, C., REES, A., SHAPIRO, D. A., HARDY, G.E. & BARKMAN, M. (2004). Therapist competence and outcome of cognitive therapy for depression. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 28 (2), 143-157. ANDERSON, T., OGLES, B.M., PATTERSON, C.L., LAMBERT, M. & VERMEERSCH, D.A. (2009). Therapist effects : Facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65, 755-768.
WAMPOLD, B.E. & BROWN, G.S. (2005). Estimating variability in outcomes attributable to therapists : A naturalistic study of outcomes in managed care. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 73 (5), 914-923. LARRISON, C.R. & SCHPPELREY, S.L. (2011). Therapist effects on disparities experienced by minorities receiving services for mental illness. Research on Social Work Practice, 21 (6), 727-736.
KIM, D.M., WAMPOLD, B.E. & BOLT, D.M. (2006). Therapist effects in psychotherapy : A random-effects modeling of the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program data. Psychotherapy Research, 16 (2), 161-172. OWEN, J., LEACH, M.M., WAMPOLD, B. & RODOLFA, E. (2011). Client and therapist variability in clients' perceptions of their therapists' multicultural competencies. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58 (1), 1-9
SANDELL, R., LAZAR, A., GRANT, J., CARLSSON, J., SCHUBERT, J. & BROBERG, J. (2006). Therapist attitudes and patient outcomes. III. A latent class analysis of therapists. Psychology & Psychotherapy-Theory Research & Practice, 79, 629-647. SAXON, D. & BARKHAM, M. (2012). Patterns of therapist variability : Therapist effects and the contribution of patient severity and risk. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 80 (4), 535-546.
OKIISHI, J.C., LAMBERT, M.J., EGGETT, D., NIELSEN, L., DAYTON, D.D. & VERMEERSCH, D.A. (2006). An analysis of therapist treatment effects : Toward providing feedback to individual therapists on their clients' psychotherapy outcome. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62 (9), 1157-1172. PODELL, J.L., KENDALL, P.C., GOSCH, E.A., COMPTON, S.N., MARCH, J.S., ALBANO, A.-M. & PIACENTINI, J.C. (2013). Therapist factors and outcomes in CBT for anxiety in youth. Professional Psychology-Research & Practice, 44 (2), 89-98.
ELKIN, I., FALCONNIER, L., MARTINOVICH, Z. & MAHONEY, C. (2006). Therapist effects in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program. Psychotherapy Research, 16 (2), 144-160. LASKA, K.M., SMITH, T.L., WISLOCKI, A.P., MINAMI, T. & WAMPOLD, B.E. (2013). Uniformity of evidence-based treatments in practice ? Therapist effects in the delivery of cognitive processing therapy for PTSD. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60 (1), 31-41.

STILES, W.B. & HORVARTH, A.O. (2017). Appropriate responsiveness as a contribution to therapist effects. In L. Castonguay & C.E. Hill (Eds.), How and why are some therapists better than others ? Understanding therapist effects (pp. 71-84). Washington, DC : APA Books.
 
Voir aussi Effets, Relation thérapeutique, Effet thérapeutique équivalent et Efficacité des thérapies

Thérapeute/Psychologue (Éthique/Déontologie) : Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling.
Principes éthiques
Assurer la confidentialité Préserver l'anonymat Secret professionnel

 
POPE, K.S., LEVENSON, H. & SCHOVER, L.R. (1979). Sexual intimacy in psychology training : Results and implications of a national survey. American Psychologist, 34, 682-689. [LIRE] POPE, K.S. (1990). Therapist-patient sex as sex abuse : Six scientific, professional and practical dilemmas in addressing victimization and rehabilitation. Professional Psychology : Research & Practice, 21, 227-239. [LIRE]
POPE, K.S., SCHOVER, L.R. & LEVENSON, H. (1980). Sexual behavior between clinical supervisors and trainees : Implications for professional standards. Professional Psychology, 11, 157-162. POPE, K.S. (1990). Therapist-patient sexual involvement : A review of research. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 477-490.
REDICH, F. & POPE, K.S. (1980). Ethics of mental health training. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 168, 709-714.
FELDMAN-SUMMER, S. & JONES, G. (1984). Psychological impacts of sexual contact between therapists or other health care practitioners and their clients. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 52, 1054-1061.
KEITH-SPIEGEL, P. & KOOCHER, G. (1985). Ethics in psychology : Professional standards and cases. New York : Random House. HANKINS, G.C., VERA, M.I. BARNARD, G.W. & HERKOV, M.J. (1994). Therapist sexual involvement : A review of clinical and research. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry & the Law, 22 (1), 109-126. [PDF]
ROBINSON, W.L. & REID, P.T. (1985). Sexual intimacies in psychology revisited. Professional Psychology, 16, 512-520.
GARTRELL, N., HERMAN, J., OLARTE, S., FELDSTEIN, M. & LOCALIO, R. (1986). Psychiatrist-patient sexual contact : results of a national survey. I : Prevalence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143 (9), 1126-1131.
POPE, K.S., KEITH-SPIEGEL, P. & TABACHNICK, B.G. (1986). Sexual attraction to clients : The human therapist and the (sometimes) in human training system. American Psychologist, 41, 147-158. [LIRE] POPE, K.S. & VASQUEZ, M.J.T. (1998). Ethics in psychotherapy and counseling : A practical guide for psychologists. San Francisco : Jossey-Bass.
 
Voir aussi Relation thérapeutique, Affaire Tarasoff et Éthique
Thérapeute en psychologie (Formation) : Ensemble des techniques pédagogiques qui permettent de former un psychologue thérapeute. Au Québec, Tout individu portant le titre de psychologue doit obligatoirement possèder un permis de pratique et être inscrit au tableau des membres de l'Ordre des psychologues (OPQ). Pour obtenir ce permis, il faut depuis le 27 juillet 2006 détenir un doctorat (voir la liste des doctorats admissibles). Formation d'un thérapeute en psychologie, psychologie clinique et modèle de Boulder. Therapist training, supervision of psychotherapy, graduate training in psychology.
 
HILGARD, E.R., KELLY, E.L., LUCKEY, B., SANFORD, N., SHAFFER, L.F. & SHAKOW, D. (1947). Recommended graduate training program in clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 2, 539-558.
WOODY, R.H. (1969). Behavioral counseling : Role definition and professional training. The Counseling Psychologist, 1, 84-88. AVELINE, M. (1997). The use of audiotapes in supervision of psychotherapy. In G. Shipton (Ed.), Supervision of psychotherapy and counselling (pp. 80-93). Buckingham : Open University Press.
AGRAS, W.S. (1973). Toward the certification of behavior therapists ? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 6 (1), 167-172. [PDF] KRASNER, R., HOWARD, K. & BROWN, A. (1998) The acquisition of psychotherapeutic skill : An empirical study. Journal of Clinical Psychology 54, 895-903.
HENDERSON, J., BRIÈRE.J. & HARTSOUGH, W.R. (1980). Sexism and sex roles in letters of recommendation to graduate training in psychology. Canadian Psychology, 21, 75-80. [PDF] MACRAN, S. & SHAPIRO, D.A. (1998). The role of personal therapy for therapists : A review. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 71, 13-25.
DODENHOFF, J.T. (1981). Interpersonal attraction and direct-indiret supervisor influence as predictors of counselor trainee effectivenes. Counselling Psychology, 28, 47-52. DAVIDSON, C. & DAVIDSON, J. (1997). Similarities and differences between the training of clinical psychologists and counsellors. Clinical Psychology, 101, 9-12.
STROSAHL, K.D. & JACOBSON, N. (1986). The training and supervision of behavior therapists. The Clinical Supervisor, 4, 183-206. ADDIS, M.E. (2000). Graduate training in Boulder model clinical psychology programs : The evolving tension between science and art. In S. Soldz & L. McCullough (Eds.), Reconciling empirical knowledge and clinical practice (pp. 51-66). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
COLLINS, F.L., FOSTER, S.L. & BERLER, E.S. (1986). Clinical training issues for behavioral psychology. Professional Psychology : Research & Practice, 17, 301-307. BEIDEL, D.C. (2000). Comment on "On the origins of clinical psychology faculty : Who is training the trainers". Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 7, 355-356.
CARROL, M. (1988). Counselling supervision : of personal the British context. Psychology Quarterly, 1, 387-396. BELAR, C.D. (2000). Scientist-practitioner ? Science + practice : Boulder is bolder. American Psychologist, 55, 249-250.
ALBERTS, G. & EDELSTEIN, B. (1990). Therapist training : a critical review of skill training studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 10, 497-511. CASTONGUAY, L.G. (2000). A common factors approach to psychotherapy training. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 10, 263-282.
AIKEN, L.S., WEST, S.G., SECHREST, L. & RENO, R R. (1990). Graduate training in statistics, methodology, and measurement in psychology : A survey of Ph.D. programs in North America. American Psychologists, 45, 721-734. ADDIS, M.E. & JACOB, K. (2000). On the process of outcome of graduate training in clinical psychology: Where do we want to go, how will we get there, and who will join us? Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 7, 364- 367.
CUSHWAY, D. (1992). Stress in clinical psychology trainees. British Journal Clinical Psychology, 31, 169-179. STICKER, G. (2002). What is the scientist-practi- tioner anyway? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1277-1283.
BERNARD, J.M. & GOODYEAR, R.K. (1992). Fundamentals supervision. Boston, MA, US : Allyn & Bacon, Inc. OLATUNJI, B.O., FELDNER, M.T. & WITTE, T.H. (2004). Graduate training of the scientist-practitioner : Issues in translational research and statistica analysis. The Behavior Therapist, 27 (3), 45-68. [PDF]
BELAR, C.D. & PERRY, N.W. (1992). National conference on scientist-practitioner education and training for the professional practice of psychology. American Psychologists, 47, 71- 75. LECOMTE, C., SAVARD, R., DROUIN, M.-S. & GUILLON, V. (2004). Qui sont les psychothérapeutes efficaces ? Implications pour la formation en psychologie. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 25 (3), 73-102. [PDF]
TSOI-HOSHMAN, L. & POLKINGHORNE, D.E. (1992). Redefining the science-practice rela- tionship and professional training. American Psychologist, 47, 55-66. NORCROSS, J.C. (2005). The psychotherapist's own psychotherapy : Educating and developing psychologists. American Psychologist, 60, 840-850.
HENRY, W.P., SCHACHT, T.E., STRUPP, H.H., BUTLER, S.F. & BINDER, J. (1993). Effects of training in time limited psychotherapy : Mediators of therapist' responses to training. Journal of Clinical & Consulting Psychology, 61, 434-440. McFALL, R.M. (2006). Doctoral training in clinical psychology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 21-49.
LECOMTE, C. CASTONGUAY, L.-G., CYR, M. & SABOURIN, S. (1993). Supervision and instruction in doctoral psychotherapy integration. In S. Stricker et J.R. Gold (Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of psychotherapy integration. New York : Plenum Press. HASSERT, D.L., KELLY, A.N., PRITCHARD, J.K. & CAUTILLI, J.D. (2008). The licensing of behavior analyste : Protecting The Profession and the public. Journal of Early & Intensive Behavior Intervention, 5 (2), 8-19. [PDF]
HENRY, W.P., STRUPP, H.H., BUTLER, S.F., SCHACHT, T.E. & BINDER, J. (1993). Effects of training in time limited psychotherapy : Changes in therapist behavior. Journal of Clinical & Consulting Psychology, 61, 434-440. BAKER, T.B., MCFALL, R.M. & SHOHAM, V. (2008). Current status and future prospects of clinical psychology : Toward a scientically principled approach to mental and behavioral health care. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 9 (2), 67-103.
BINDER, J.L. (1993). Is it time to improve psychotherapy training? Psychology Review, 13, 301-318. WEISS, J.A., LUNSKY, Y. & MORI, D. (2010). Psychology graduate student training in developmental disability : A Canadian survey. Canadian Psychology, 51 (3), 177-184.
FOX, R.E. (1994). Training professional psychologists for the twenty-first century. American Psychologist, 49, 200-206. GRUS, C.L. (2011). Training, credentialing, and new roles in clinical psychology : Emerging trends. In D.H. Barlow (Ed.), Oxford handbook of clinical psychology (pp. 150-168). New York : Oxford University Press.
ELLIS, M.V, LADANY, N., KRENGEL, M. & SCHULT, D. (1996). Clinical supervision research from 1981 to 1993: A methodological critique. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 43 (1), 35-50. BARLOW, D.H. & CARL, J.R. (2011). The future of clinical psychology : Promises, perspectives, and predictions. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Oxford handbook of clinical psychology (pp. 891-911). New York : Oxford University Press.
DORAN, A. & CARR, A. (1996). Clinical Psychologists' roles. Irish Journal Psychology, 17, 228-240. MORIN, D., WEISS, J.A., LUNSKY, Y. & TREMBLAY, A. (2011). Formation des étudiants en psychologie en déficience intellectuelle et troubles envahissants du développement. Revue Francophone de la Déficience Intellectuelle, 22, 51-62.
 
Voir aussi Psychologie clinique, Doctorat et Modèle de Boulder
Thérapeute (Parent-) : Voir Parent thérapeute.
Thérapeutique équivalent (Effet) : Hypothèse (Are all psychotherapies equivalent ? demande Stiles), proposée par Ronsenweig, selon lequel les thérapies ont des effets bénéfiques équivalents, peu importe les principes théoriques sur lesquels elles reposent. Cet effet - dont l'existence fait toujours l'objet de débat - s'expliquerait par le fait que les différentes thérapies ont en commun un ensemble de caractéristiqes (les facteurs communs) qui ont un effet thérapeutique plus important que les caractéristiques qui permettent de distinguer ces thérapies les une des autres. On utilise souvent le mot Dodo pour désigner cet effet. Il s'agit d'un synonyme qui fait allusion à un personnage (Un oiseaux Dodo) d'un roman de Lewis Caroll, Les aventures d'Alice au Pays des Merveilles. Dans cette fiction, le Dodo organise une course qui se termine sans gagnant; le Dodo décide alors de déclarer gagnant tous les coureurs, peu importe leur performance, et de leur remettre à chacun un trophée : « Everybody has won and all must have prizes ». = effet dodo, verdict de l'oiseau Dodo, la conjecture de l'oiseau Dodo. Dodo bird verdict, psychotherapy equivalence, Dodo bird conjecture.
ROSENZWEIG, S. (1936). Some implicit common factors in diverse methods of psychotherapy: "At last the Dodo said, "Everybody has won and all must have prizes". American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 6, 412-415. HUNSLEY, J. & DI GULIO, G. (2002). Dodo bird, phoenix, or urban legend ? The question of psychotherapy equivalence. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 1 (1), 11-22. [LIRE]
LUBORSKY, L., SINGER, B. & LUBORSKY, L. (1975). Comparative studies of psychotherapies : Is it true that "Everyone has won and all must have prizes" ? Archives of General Psychiatry, 32, 995-1008. GIFFORD E. (2002). Socrates and the Dodo Bird : Clinical BehaviorAnalysis and Psychotherapy Research. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3 (3), 259-263
STILES, W.B., SHAPIRO, D.A. & ELLIOTT, R.K. (1986). Are all psychotherapies equivalent ? American Psychologist, 41, 165-180. DUNCAN, B.L. (2002). The legacy of Saul Rosenzweig : The profundity of the dodo bird. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12 (1), 32-57. [PDF]
SHADISH, W.R. & SWEENEY, R.B. (1991). Mediators and moderators in meta-analysis : There's a reason why we don't let Dodo birds tell us which psychotherapies should have prizes. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 59, 883-893. BEUTLER, L.E. (2002). The dodo bird is extinct. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 9, 30-34.
BEUTLER, L.E. (1991). Have all won and must all have prizes ? Revisiting Luborsky et al.’s verdict. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 59, 226-232. CHAMBLESS, D. (2002). Beware the dodo bird : the dangers of overgeneralization. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 9, 13-16.
NORCROSS, J.C. (1995). Dispelling the dodo bird verdict and the exclusivity myth in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy, 32, 500-504. LUBORSKY, L., ROSENTHAL, R., DIGUER, L., ANDRUSYNA, T.P., BERMAN, J.S., LEVITT, J.T., SELIGMAN, D.A. & KRAUSE, E.D. (2002). The Dodo bird verdict is alive and well and mostly. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 9 (1), 2-12. [PDF]
WAMPOLD, B.E., MONDIN, G.W., MOODY, M., STICH, F., BENSON, K. & AHN, H. (1997). A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bonafide psychotherapies : Empirically, "all must have prizes." Psychological Bulletin, 122, 203-215. WINTER, D. (2006). Avoiding the fate of the Dodo bird: the challenge of evidence-based practice. In D. Loewenthal & D. Winter (Eds.), What is psychotherapy research ? (pp. 41-46). London : Karnac Books
WAMPOLD, B.E., MONDIN, G.W., MOODY, M. & AHN, H. (1997). The flat earth as a metaphor for the evidence for uniform efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies : Reply to Crits-Christoph (1997) and Howard et al. (1997). Psychological Bulletin, 122, 226-230. WESTMACOTT, R. & HUNSLEY, J. (2007). Weighing the evidence for psychotherapy equivalence : Implications for research and practice. The Behavior Analyst Today, 8 (2), 210-225. [PDF]
REID, W.J. (1997). Evaluating the Dodo bird verdict : do all interventions have equivalent outcomes ? Social Work Research, 21, 5-16. SIEV, J. & CHAMBLESS, D.L. (2009). The dodo bird, treatment technique, and disseminating empirically supported treatments. The Behavior Therapist, 32, 69-75. [PDF]
CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P. (1997). Limitations of the "dodo bird" verdict and the role of clinical trials in psychotherapy research : Comment on Wampold et al. (1997). Psychological Bulletin, 122, 216-220. [PDF] BARLOW, D.H. (2010). The dodo bird- again- and again. The Behavior Therapist, 33, 15-16.
WAMPOLD, B.E., MONDIN, G.W., MOODY, M. & AHN, H. (1997), The flat earth as a metaphor for the evidence for uniform efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies : reply to Crits-Christoph (1997) and Howard et al. (1997). Psychological Bulletin, 122, 226-230. CARROLL, K.M. & ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. (2010). Commentary on Sellman (2010). Perhaps it's the Dodo bird verdict that should be extinct. Addiction, 105 (1), 18-20. [PDF]
HOWARD, K.I., KRAUSE, M.S., SAUNDERS, S.M. & KOPTA, S.M. (1997). Trials and tribulations in the meta-analysis of treatment differences : Comment on Wampold et al. (1997). Psychological Bulletin, 122, 221-225 ELLIOTT, K.P., BARKER, K.K. & HUNSLEY, J. (2015). Dodo bird verdict in psychotherapy. In R. Cautin & S. Lilienfeld (Eds.), Encyclopedia of clinical psychology. Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell.
CUIJPERS, P. (1998). Minimising interventions in the treatment and prevention of depression : Taking the consequences of the Dodo bird verdict. Journal of Mental Health, 7, 335-365.

Voir aussi Effets, Efficacité des thérapies et Méta-analyse
Thérapeutique (Relation/Alliance) : Expression qui désigne la relation qui se tisse entre un thérapeute et son patient/client. Cette rleation se décompose en trois principaux éléments : 1) les buts de la thérapie (EX : Fumer moins); 2) la nature de la relation entre le thérapeute et son client/patient (Ex : 2 rencontres par semaine en face à face); 3) la nature des tâches que le thérapeute propose à son patient/client (S'auto-observer au moyen d'une grille, parler de son enfance, remplir un questionnaire, etc). = relation client-thérapeute, relation patient-thérapeute, alliance thérapeutique. Client-therapist interaction, therapeutic alliance, working alliance, therapeutic relationship, patient-therapist matching, helping alliance.
 
DOUGHERTY, F.E. (1976). Patient-therapist matching for prediction of optimal and minimal therapeutic outcome. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 44 (6), 889-897. MARTIN, D.J., GARSKE, M.J. & DAVIS, M.M. (2000). Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables : A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68, 438-450.
BORDIN, E. (1979). The generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy : Theory, Research, & Practice, 16, 252-260. FLORSHEIM, P., SHOTORBANI, S., GUEST-WARNICK, G., BARRATT, T. & HWANG, W.-C. (2000). Role of the working alliance in the treatment of delinquent boys in community-based programs. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29 (1), 94-107.
ANDERSON, L. & CARTER, J.H. (1982). Psychotherapy : Patient-therapist matching reconsidered. Journal of the National Medical Association, 74 (5), 461-464. BOLLING, M., PARKER, C., KANTER, J., KOHLENBERG, R.J. & TSAI, M. (2000). The client-therapist interaction : The core of a behavioral approach. European Psychotherapy, 1, 21-29.

HORVATH, A.O. (2000). The therapeutic relationship : from transference to alliance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 163-173.
FELDMAN-SUMMER, S. & JONES, G. (1984). Psychological impacts of sexual contact between therapists or other health care practitioners and their clients. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 52, 1054-1061. LEBLANC, L.A., HAGOPIAN, L.P., MARHEEFKA, J.M. & WILKE, A. (2001). Effects of therapist gender and type of attention on assessment and treatment of attention-maintained destructive behavior. Behavioral Interventions, 16, 39-57.
HUNT D.D., CARR, J.E., DAGADAKIS, C.S. & WALKER E.A. (1985). Cognitive match as a predictor of psychotherapy outcome. Psychotherapy : Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 22 (4), 718-721. BAILLARGEON P. et LEDUC, A. (2002). Inventaire de l'alliance théra- peutique (IAT). Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières.
WEINSTOCK-SAVOY, D.E. (1986). The relationship of therapist and patient interpersonal styles to outcome in brief dynamic psychotherapy. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 26-38. HALL, J.A. & ROTER, D.L. (2002). Do patients talk differently to male and female physicians ? A meta-analytic review. Patient Education & Counseling, 48, 217-224.
SAFRAN, J.D., CROCKER, P., McMAIN, S. & MURRAY, P. (1990). Therapeutic alliance rupture as a therapy event for empirical investigation. Psychotherapy, 27, 154-165. MURAN, J.C., SAFRAN, J.D., SAMSTAG, L.W. & WINSTON, A. (2005). Evaluating an alliance-focused treatment for personality disorders. Psychotherapy, 42 (4), 532-454. [PDF]
TRYON, G.S. & KANE, A.S. (1990). The helping alliance and premature termination. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 3, 233-238. SAFRAN, J.D., MURAN, J.C., SAMSTAG, L. & WINSTON, A. (2005). Evaluating an alliance-focused intervention for potential treatment failures. Psychotherapy, 42, 512-531.
POPE, K.S. (1991). Dual relationships in psychotherapy. Ethics & Behavior, 1, 21-34.
  HORVATH, A.O. & SYMONDS, B.D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy : A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149. DIAMOND, D. & YEOMANS, F.E. (2008). La relation patient-thérapeute : rapport avec la théorie de l'attachement et le fonctionnement réflexif. Santé Mentale au Québec, 33 (1), 61-87.
HORVATH, A.O. & MARX, R.W. (1991). The development and decay of the working alliance during time-limited counseling. Canadian Journal of Counselling & Psychotherapy, 24 (4), 240-259. SAFRAN, J.D., MURAN, J.C. & PROSKUROV, B. (2009). Alliance, negotiation, and rupture resolution. In R. A. Levy & J. S. Ablon (Eds.), Handbook of evidence-based psychodynamic psychotherapy : Bridging the gap between science and practice (pp. 201-225). Humana Press.
BEUTLER, L.E., CLARKIN, J.F., CRAGO, M. & BERGAN, J. (1991). Client-therapist matching. In C.R. Snyder & D.R. Forsyth (Eds.), Handbook of social and clinical psychology : The health perspective (pp. 699-716). New York : Pergamon Press. ARDITO, R.B. & RABELINO, D. (2011). Therapeutic alliance and outcome of psychotherapy: Historical excursus, measurements, and prospects for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 2 [270], 1-11. [PDF]
CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P., BARBER, J. & KURCIAS, J. (1993). The accuracy of therapists' interpretations and the development of the therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapy Research, 3, 25-35. CABRAL, R.R. & SMITH, T.B. (2011). Racial/ethnic matching of clients and therapists in mental health services : A meta-analytic review of preferences, perceptions, and outcomes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58 (4), 537-554.
TRYON, G.S. & KANE, A.S. (1993). Relationship of working alliance to mutual and unilateral termination. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 33-36. BRILLON, M. (2011). L'alliance thérapeutique Un défi constant pour le thérapeute. Psychologie Québec, 28 (2), 20-23. [PDF]
HORVATH, A.O. & LUBORSKY, L. (1993). The role of the therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 61, 561-573. DEL RE, A.C., FLÜCKIGER, C., HORVATH, A.O., SYMONDS, D. & WAMPOLD, B.E. (2012). Therapist e ects in the therapeutic alliance- outcome relationship : A restricted-maximum likelihood meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 32 (7), 642-649.
BLAAUW, E. & EMMELKAMP, P.M. (1994). The therapeutic relationship: A study on the value of the Therapist Client Rating Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 22, 25–35.

TRYON, G.S. & KANE, A.S. (1995). Client involvement, working alliance, and type of therapy termination. Psychotherapy Research, 5, 189-198. BAILLARGEON P. et PUSKAS, D. (2013). L'alliance thérapeutique : Conception, pratique. Défi Jeunesse, 19 (3), 4-9. [PDF]
HORVATH, A.O. (1995). The therapeutic relationship : From transference to alliance. Psychotherapy in Practice, 1, 7-17.
HARDY, G.E., ALDRIDGE, J., DAVIDSON, C., ROWE, C., REILLY, S. & SHAPIRO, D. (1999). Therapist responsiveness to client attachment styles and issues observed in client-identified significant events in psychodynamic- interpersonal psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 9, 36-53. STILES, W.B. (2017). The client-therapist relationship. In C. Feltham, T. Hanley, & L.A. Winter (Eds.), The Sage handbook of counselling and psychotherapy (pp. 66-71). London : Sage.
 
Voir aussi Effet du thérapeute, Effet thérapeutique équivalent et Efficacité des thérapies

Thérapie : Terme générique qui désigne une forme particulière de traitement pratiqué par un professionnel, notamment les psychologues, dans le but d'aider et de guérir un patient/client. Il existe toutes sortes de thérapies : certaines sont fondées sur la science, d'autres reposent uniquement sur l'expérience acquise par un thérapeute au fil de sa pratique. Enfin, de nombreuses thérapies ne s'appuient que sur des croyances et des superstitions. Les thérapies scientifiques sont des technologies qui reposent sur des théories fondées empiriquement et des observations cliniques : leur efficacité et leurs limites ont été clairement montrées. La nature, les principes, les techniques et le déroulement des thérapies varient habituellement selon les perspectives. Certaines thérapies prennent la forme d'entretien (cure talk), alors que d'autres nécessitent de la part du patient/client qu'il modifie son environnement physique et social (behavior therapy). NDLR : Au Québec, le terme psychothérapeute est parfois utilisé pour désigner les non-psychologues qui pratiquent la psychologie. Cependant, depuis 2006, la pratique de la psychothérapie est réglementée et donc reservée au seul détenteur d'un permis (octroyé de facto aux psychologues cliniciens en titre et... aux médecins (!?). Psychothérapie, pseudothérapies et psychologie clinique. = psychothérapie, technologie ou technique psychologique, traitement. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Therapy, psychotherapy, psycholgical treatment.
Étapes d'une psychothérapie
1 Premier contact et familiarisation avec le client/patient
2 Écouter la plainte
3 Évaluation
4 Diagnostic
5 Intervention/Thérapie
6 Évaluation de l'intervention, de son efficacité
7 Fin ou poursuite de l'intervention/thérapie



Caractéristiques d'une thérapie
Accès à une thérapie Efficacité d'une thérapie Préférence pour une thérapie
Durée d'une thérapie Éthique et thérapeute Thérapie à distance
Effet du thérapeute Évaluation et efficacité des thérapies Types de thérapies
Effet thérapeutique équivalent Facteurs communs de l'efficacité des thérapies  
 
Types de thérapie en psychologie
Autothérapie Thérapie de conversion Thérapie par désensibilisation systématique
Cyberthérapie Thérapie de couple Thérapie par exposition
Bibliothérapie Thérapie de groupe Thérapie par immersion
Pseudothérapie (fausse thérapie) Thérapie de l'acceptation et de l'engagement (TAE)
Thérapie par internet
Pseudotechnologie Thérapie de l'activation comportementale Thérapie par l'écriture
Thérapie à distance Thérapie électroconvulsive (TEC/ETC)
Thérapie par la lumière
Thérapie auto-administrée Thérapie émotivorationelle Thérapie par la musique
Thérapie béhavioriste Thérapie fondée sur la pleine conscience Thérapie par la parole
Thérapie béhaviorale Thérapie gestalt Thérapie par les arts
Thérapie béhaviorale dialectique (TBD)
Thérapie famililale Thérapie par les conseils
Thérapie brève Thérapie féministe Thérapie psychanalytique
Thérapie comportementale et cognitive CC/CBT)
Thérapie hormonale Thérapie par satiété
Thérapie centrée sur la personne Thérapie humaniste Thérapie par téléphone
Thérapie cognitive Thérapie infantile Thérapie sexuelle
Thérapie cognitive fondée sur la pleine conscience Thérapie magnétique  Thérapie systémique
Thérapies combinées Thérapie médicamenteuse Thérapie verbale
Thérapie comportementale Thérapie non-directive Pseudothérapie
Thérapie comportementale basée sur l'acceptation (ABBT) Thérapie par aversion Zoothérapie
Thérapie comportementale et cognitive (TCC/CBT) Thérapie par désensibilisation systématique
Thérapie contextuelle

 
 
FREUD, S. (1904/1953). De la psychothérapie in La technique psychanalytique. Paris : Presses Universitaire de France ANTONUCCIO, D.O., DANTON, W.G. & DENELSKY, G.Y. (1995). Psychotherapy versus medication for depression : Challenging the conventional wisdom with data. Professional Psychology : Research & Practice, 26, 574-585.
MÜNSTERBERG, H. (1909). Psychotherapy. Moffat, Yard and Company. EPSTEIN, W.M. (1995). The illusion of psychotherapy. New Brunswick, NJ : Transaction.
ROSENZWEIG, S. (1940). Areas of agreement in psychotherapy. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 10, 703-704. POOLE, D.A., LINDSAY, D.S., MEMON, A. & BULL, R. (1995). Psychotherapy and the recovery of memories of childhood sexual abuse : U.S. and British practitioners' opinions, practices, and experiences. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63 (3), 426-437.
FREUD, S. (1904/1953). De la psychothérapie in La technique psychanalytique. Paris : Presses Universitaire de France SELIGMAN, M.E.P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy : The consumer reports study. American Psychologist, 50, 965-974.
MALING, M.S., GURTMAN, M.B. & HOWARD, K.I. (1995). The response of interpersonal problems to varying doses of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 5, 63-75.
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Voir aussi Efficacité des thérapies
Thérapie (Auto) : Forme de thérapie où le client/patient est son propre thérapeute. = autotraitement, autoanalyse. Self-administered treatment, self-help.
 
 McKENDREE-SMITH, N.L., FLOYD, M. & SCOGIN, F.R. (2003). Self-administered treatments for depression : A review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 275-288.
DEN BOER, P., WIESMA, P., BOSCH, P. & VAN DEN, R. (2004). Why is self-help neglected in the treatment of emotional disorders ? A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 34, 959-971.
GELLATLY, J., BOWER, P., HENNESSY, S., RICHARDS, D., GILBODY, S. & LOVELL, K. (2007). What makes self-help interventions effective in the management of depressive symptoms ? Meta-analysis and meta-regression. Psychological Medicine, 37 (9), 1217-1228.

Voir Thérapie
Thérapie (Accès) : Ensemble des facteurs qui favorisent ou nuisent à l'accès d'un traitement psychologique. EX: Thérapie remboursée par le système de santé ou une assurance. Accès à une thérapie et thérapie à distance. Barriers to psychological treatment.
BLUMENTHAL, R. & ENDICOTT, J. (1996). Barriers to seeking treatment for major depression. Depression & Anxiety, 4 (6), 273-278.
ALVIDREZ, J. & AZOCAR, F. (1999). Distressed women's clinic patients : Preferences for mental health treatments and perceived obstacles. General Hospital Psychiatry, 21 (5), 340-347.
BRITT, T.W., GREENE-SHORTRIDGE, T.M., BRINK, S., NGUYEN, Q.B., RATH, J. & COX, A.L. (2008). Perceived stigma and barriers to care for psychological treatment : Implications for reactions to stressors in different contexts. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 27, 317-355.
MOHR, D.C., HO, J., DUFFECY, J., BARON, K.G., LEHMAN, K.A., JIN, L. & REIFLER, D. (2010). Perceived barriers to psychological treatments and their relationship to depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66 (4), 394-409. [PDF]

  Voir Thérapie
Thérapie (Biblio-) : Voir Thérapie auto-adminstrée. Self-administered treatment, self-help.
Thérapie/Psychologie (Cyber-) : De façon générale, les termes cyberthérapie et cyberpsychologie désignent toute application psychologique qui a recourt aux technologies de l'information et de la communication, que ce soit en éducation, en thérapie ou dans d'autres domaines. En thérapie, le terme désigne les techniques qui utilisent l'ordinateur pour simuler certaines réalités susceptibles d'influer sur le comportement ou les émotions du patient. EX: Dans le traitement des phobies, on simule le déplacement d'une araignée ou d'un serpent au moyen d'un ordinateur plutôt que d'utiliser de vrais animaux. Il convient de noter qu'en cyberthérapie, l'ordinateur ne se substitue pas au traitement. En ce sens, l'usage de ce terme apparaît un peu abusif puisque dans ce cas l'ordinateur constitue davantage un accessoire qu'une technique ou un principe thérapeutique (un peu comme les chiens en zoothérapie). On utilise également ce terme pour désigner les thérapies réalisées par l'entremise d'internet ou du courriel, mais cette pratique semble relever davantage du charlatanisme et de la psychologie populaire que de la psychologie clinique et scientifique. En éducation, l'enseignemen assisté par ordinateur donne lieu a une foule d'applications qui vont des sites pédagogiques au cours en ligne en passant pas les netquiz. Cyberpsychologie, thérapie et ordinateur. = cyberthérapie, thérapie in virtuo, thérapie fondée sur la réalité virtuelle. Cyberpsychology, virtual therapy, internet therapy, teletherapy.
   
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SULER, J. (2016). Psychoanalytic cyberpsychology. International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies, 14 (1), 97-102.
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Voir Thérapie et Thérapie à distance
Thérapie (Durée) : Time-limited therapy, duration of psychological therapy.
 
BURLINGAME, G.M., FUHRIMAN, A.P.S. & OGLES, B.M. (1989). Implementing a time-limited therapy : program differential effects of training and experience. Psychotherapy : Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 26, 303-313.
STILES, W.B., BARKHAM, M. & WHEELER, S. (2015). Duration of psychological therapy : Relation to recovery and improvement rates in UK routine practice. British Journal of Psychiatry, 207, 115–122.

Voir Thérapie
Thérapie (Efficacité) : En psychologique, l'efficacité est le rapport optimal entre les bénéfices de la thérapie et ses effets secondaires. Les bénéfices de la thérapie sont nombreux et varient selon l'approche ou la perspective du thérapeute : diminution de la souffrance, modification des comportements indésirables ou inadaptés, développement d'habileté sociale, meilleure connaissance du monde, agréable compagnie du thérapeute, attention accrue à votre égard, possibilité de ressasser de vieux souvenirs ou de dire du mal de ses collègues de travail sans subir de jugement ou de représailles, découverte et compréhension de soi, enrichissement du vocabulaire du patient, prise de conscience de son passé, bref toute chose que l'on résume souvent par le mot changement. Il va de soi que le bénéfice escompté de la thérapie est la la guérison complète. Les bénéfices d'un thérapie sont évalués au moyen de recherches scientifique. « Are some psychotherapies much more effective than others ?» demande Luborsky. Efficacité d'une thérapie, satisfaction des patients et pseudotechnologie. Psychotherapy efficacy, empirically validated therapy, great psychotherapy debate, empirically supported treatments.
 
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Voir aussi Thérapie, Effet thérapeutique équivalent et Effet du thérapeute
 
Thérapie (Préférences) : Lorsque deux traitements ou deux thérapies sont disponibles, préférence du patient/client pour l'un deux. Treatment preference.
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SIDANI, S., EPSTEIN, D.R., BOOTZIN, R.R., MORITZ, P. & MIRANDA, J. (2009). Assessment for preferences for treatment : Validation of a measure. Nursing & Health, 32, 419-431.
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Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie/Technologie (Pseudo) : Fausse thérapie ou technologie qui repose sur des croyances et des superstitions, bref sur une pseudoscience. Une vraie technologie est fondée sur les recherches et les données des sciences fondamentales et appliquées, ainsi que sur l'expérience systématique et codifiée de ses praticiens. Son efficacité est clairement montrée, donc supérieure au placebo actif et passif. NDLR : Les gens qui croient à l'efficacité de ses pseudothérpies les désignent souvent sous le vocable de «thérapie alternative». Ce terme laisse faussement croire qu'il s'agit de pratiques valables, et même préférables aux thérapies en vigueur dans une domaine d'intervention.


Il existe plusieurs types de pseudothérapie : 1) la pseudothérapie mystique qui repose sur une force surnaturelle ou l'intervention divine (EX: La thérapie par les anges); 2) la pseudothérapie technologique qui s'appuie sur un gadget ou une machine révolutionnaire (EX: L'intégration neuro-émotionnelle par les mouvements oculaires); 3) la pseudothérapie psychologique qui fait appel à une fonction cognitive ou mentale méconnue (EX: le pouvoir du mental); 4) la pseudothérapie biologique qui repose sur les forces vitales du corps ou le pouvoir infini du cerveau (EX: la programmation neuro-linguistique); 5) la pseudothérapie pharmacologique qui se fonde sur les effets placebo de leur potions magiques (EX: L'homéopathie); 6) la pseudothérapie naturelle qui table sur les forces cachées et la pureté de la nature (EX: La naturopathie). 7) Finalement, la pseudothérapie physique se fonde sur de propriétés insoupçonnées des phénomènes de la physique (EX: vibration de la baguette du sourcier). = thérapie alternative, faux traitement, technique ou méthode bidon, psychologie populaire, pseudopsychologie, charlatanisme moderne, psychologie de sous-sol d'église. ( ): Voir tableau ci-dessous. Pseudotherapy, pseudotechnology.

 

Types de pseudothérapie/Pseudotechnologie Exemples
1 Pseudothérapie mystique Thérapie par les anges
2 Pseudothérapie technologique Intégration neuro-émotionnelle
3 Pseudothérapie psychologique Cri primal
4 Pseudothérapie biologique Médecines alternatives
5 Pseudothérapie pharmacologique Homéopathie
6 Pseudothérapie naturelle Naturopathie et croyances autochtones
7 Pseudothérapie physique Sourcier




 
Pseudothérapies/Pseudotechnologies
Acupuncture Homéopathie Rebirth
Aromathérapie Lithothérapie Réflexologie
Biologie totale Intégration neuro-émotionnelle par les mouvements oculaires (INMO) Sophrologie
Cri primal Médecine chinoise Sourcier
Dianétique Naturopathie Thérapie magnétique
Exorcisme Numérologie Urinothérapie
Graphologie Programmation neuro-linguistique (PNL)
 
 
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Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie à distance : Toute forme de thérapie conduite à distance par l'intermédiaire d'un téléphone ou d'un internet/ordinateur. Thérapie à distance, groupe de soutien à distance et cyberthérapie. Online therapy, computer-administered therapy, computer-assisted therapy, telephone behaviour therapy.
 
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Voir aussi Groupe de soutien à distance, Cyberthérapie et Thérapie
Thérapie analytique fonctionnelle : Thérapie d'inpiration béhavioriste fodées sur les travaux de Kohlenberg et Tsai. Functional analytic psychotherapy, FAP.
KOHLENBERG, R.J. & TSAI, M. (1987). Functional analytic psychotherapy. In N. Jacobson (Ed.), Cognitive and behavioral therapists in clinical practice. New York : Guilford.
KOHLENBERG, R.J. & TSAI, M. (1991). Functional analytic psychotherapy : Creating intense and curative therapeutic relationships. New York : Plenum Publishers.
KOHLENBERG, R.J. & TSAI, M. (1994). Functional analytic psychotherapy : A behavioral approach to treatment and integration. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 4, 175-201. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C., MASUDA, A., BISSETT, R., LUOMA, J. & GUERRERO, L.F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT : How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies ? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54. [PDF]
TSAI, M., KOHLENBERG, R.J., KANTER, J.W., KOHLENBERG, B.S., FOLLETTE, W.C. & CALLAGHAN, G.M. (2008). A guide to functional analytic psychotherapy : Awareness, courage, love and behaviorism. New York : Springer.
 
Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie auto-administrée : Forme de thérapie qui repose sur le principe qu'un individu qui apprend à bien connaître les grandes théories psychologiques et les techniques thérapeutiques sera en mesure de modifier ses propres comportements et de résoudre ses problèmes, sans l'aide d'un thérapeute (ou grâce à une supervision minimale). Dans le cadre de certaines thérapies, la lecture des livres ou la consultation dess sites internet qui présentent ces grandes théories/thérapies est donc prescrite aux malades/patients. EX: Un béhavioriste peut proposer à son client phobique la lecture de «MARCHAND, A. et LETARTE, A. (2001). La peur d'avoir peur : Guide de traitement du trouble panique avec agoraphobie. Stanké». Dans le cas d'une phobie simple et légère, cette lecture et la mise en application des recommandations faites par les auteurs peuvent suffire à résoudre les problèmes du patient. Il convient cependant de préciser trois choses : 1) La plupart du temps, la lecture de ces ouvrages de vulgarisation se fait hors du cadre thérapeutique, donc sans encadrement adéquat; 2) Malheureusement, la plupart des ouvrages proposés au grand public ne se fonde pas sur des connaissances scientifiques; 3) Finalement, une évidence : savoir et pouvoir sont deux choses bien distinctes; c'est pas parce que l'on sait que l'on peut (et vice-versa). = Thérapie auto-administrée. Bibliotherapy, self-help, self-help intervention.
 
GLASGOW, R.E. & ROSEN, G.M. (1978). Behavioral bibliotherapy : A review of self-help behavior therapy manuals. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1-23. JAMISON, C. & SCOGIN, E (1995). The outcome of cognitive bibliotherapy with depressed adults. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 63, 644-650.
VAN LONDEN, A., VAN LONDEN-BARENTSEN, M.W., VAN SON, M. J. & MULDER, G.A. (1995). Relapse rate and subsequent parental reaction after successful treatment of children suffering from nocturnal enuresis : A 21?2 year follow-up of bibliotherapy. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 33, 309-311.
MARRS, R.W. (1995). A meta-analysis of bibliotherapy studies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 843-870.
MIKULAS, W.L., GOFFMAN, M.G., DAYTON, D., FRAYNE, C. & MAIER, P.L. (1983). Behavioral bibliotherapy and games for treating fear of the dark. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 7 (3), 1-7. CUIJPERS, P. (1997). Bibliotherapy in unipolar depression : A meta-analysis. Journal of Behavior Therapy & Experimental Psychiatry, 28 (2), 139-147.
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ROSEN, G.M. (1987). Self-help treatment books and the commercialization of psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 42 (1), 46-51. VAN LANKVELD, J.J.D.M., EVERAERD, W. & GROTJOHANN, Y. (2001). Cognitive-behavioral bbliotherapy for sexual dysfunctions in heterosexual couples : A Randomized waiting-list controlled clinical trial in the Netherlands : Statistical data included. Journal of Sex Research, 38, 51-67.
NEWMAN, M.G., ERICKSON, T., PRZEWORSKI, A. & DZUS E. (2003). Self-help and minimal-contact therapies for anxiety disorders : is human contact necessary for therapeutic efficacy ? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59,251-274.
SCOGIN, F., JAMISON, C. & GOCHNEAUR, K. (1989). Comparative efficacy of cognitive and behavioral bibliotherapy for mildly and moderately depressed older adults. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 57 (3), 403-407. ROSEN, G.M. (2003). Bibliotherapy. In W. O'Donohue, J.E. Fisher & S.C. Hayes (Eds.), Cognitive behavior therapy : Applying empirically supported techniques in your practice. New York : John Wiley, Inc.

APODACA, T.R. & MILLER, W.R. (2003). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of bibliotherapy for alcohol problems. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 289-304.

FLOYD, M., SCOGIN, F., McKENDREE-SMITH, N.L., FLOYD, D.L. & ROKKE, P.D. (2004). Cognitive therapy for depression : a comparison of individual psychotherapy and bibliotherapy for depressed older adults. Behavior Modification, 28, 297-318.
CARLBRING, P., NILSSON-IHREFELT, E., WAARA, J., KOLLENSTAM, C., BUHRMAN, M., KALDO, V., SÖDERBERG, M., EKSELIUS, L. & ANDERSSON, G. (2005). Treatment of panic disorder : live therapy vs. self-help via the Internet. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43 (10), 1321-1333.
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LONG, N., RICKERT, V.I. & ASHCRAFT, E.W. (1993). Bibliotherapy as an adjunct to stimulant medication in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 7, 82-88. RAPEE, R.M., ABBOTT, M. & LYNEHAM, H. (2006). Bibliotherapy for children with anxiety disorders using written materials for parents : A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 74 (3), 436-444. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie avec des animaux : Voir Zoothérapie. Zootherapy.
Thérapie aversive : Voir Thérapie par aversion. Aversion therapy.
Thérapie béhavioriste : Ensemble des thérapies et des techniques qui vise à modifier les comportements des client/patient/malade. Ces thérapies sont fondées sur les théories de l'apprentissage, et notamment sur l'analyse fonctionnelle du comportement. Thérapie béhavioriste et modification du comportement. = thérapie béhaviorale, thérapie par renforcement/punition, thérapie comportementale, analyse fonctionnele du comportement. ( ): thérapie par aversion, thérapie par exposition, thérapie par immersion, désensibilisation systématique, façonnement, système ou économie de jetons, technique de punition et de renforcement, estompage et mise en relief. Behavior therapy, behavior therapy technique.
 
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LEWINSOHN, P.M. YOUNGREN, M.A. & GROSSCUP, S.J. (1979). Reinforcement and depression. In R.A. Dupue (Ed.), The psychobiology of depressive disorders : Implications for the effects of stress (pp. 291-316). New York : Academic Press. EKERS, D., RICHARDS, D. & GILBODY, S. (2008). A meta-analysis of randomized trials of behavioural treatment of depression. Psychological Medicine, 38, 611-623. [PDF] + [PDF]
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RACHMAN, S. (2009). Psychological treatment of anxiety : The evolution of behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5, 97-119.
KAZDIN, A.E. & HERSEN, M. (1980). The current status of behavior therapy. Behavior Modification, 4 (3), 283-302. MARTELL, C.R., DIMIDJIAN, S. & HERMAN-DUNN, R. (2010). Behavioral activation for depression : A clinician's guide. Guilford Press.
BEAUDRY, M. et BOISVERT, J.-M. (1980). La thérapie behaviorale : courants actuels et perspective d'avenir. Revue de Modification du Comportement, 10, 113-130. PIACENTINI, J.C., WOODS, D.W, SCAHILL, L., WILHELM, S., PETERSON, A.L., CHANG, S., GINSBURG, G.S., DECKERSBACH, T., DZIURA, J., LEVI-PEARL, S. & WALKTUP, J.T. (2010). Behavior therapy for children with tourette disorder : A randomized controlled trial. Journal of American Medecine Association, 303 (19), 1929-1937. [PDF]
WILSON, G.T. & O'LEARY, K.D. (1980). Principles of behavior therapy. New Jersey : Prentice-Hall. FRANKLIN, M.E., EDSON, A.L., LEDLEY, D.A. & CAHILL, S.P. (2011). Behavior therapy for pediatric trichotillomania : A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 763-771.
LEWINSOHN, P.M., SULLIVAN, J.M. & GROSSCUP, S.J. (1980). Changing reinforcing events : An approach to the treatment of depression. Psychotherapy : Theory, Research & Practice, 47, 322-334. BARRACA, J. (2012). "Mental control" from a third-wave behavior therapy perspective. International Journal of Clinical & Health Psychology, 12 (1), 109-121. [PDF]

WADDEN, T.A., WEBB, V.L., MORAN, C.H. & BAILER, B.A (2012). Lifestyle modification for obesity : new developments in diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. Circulation, 125, 1157-1170.
 MCGUIRE, J.F., UNG, D., SELLES, R.R., RAHMAN, O. LEWIN, A.B., MURPHY, T.K. & STORCH, E.A. (2014). Treating trichotillomania : A meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 76-83. [PDF]
 
Voir Analyse fonctionnelle du comportement, Intervention intensive comportementale et Modification du comportement
Thérapie béhavioriale : Voir Thérapie comportementale et Technique de modification du comportement. Behavior therapy, behavior modification technique, reinforcement technique, behavior modification, behavior change, behavior analysis, clinical behavior analysis, ABA therapy.
Thérapie béhavioriale dialectique : TBD : Thérapie d'inspiration béhaviorale, cognitive et bouddhiste (!), développée par Linehan pour traiter les cas de personnalité limite et sucidaires, et qui repose sur le principe que les troubles psychologiques complexes naissent de l'intéraction entre une vulnérabilité émotionnelle de base (innée ou acquise) et un environnement invalidant ou sans ressources adéquatre pour surmonter cette vulnérabilité. = TBD, thérapie comportementale dialectique. Dialectical behavioral therapy, DBT.
 
LINEHAN, M.M. (1987). Dialectical behavior therapy : A cognitive behavioral approach to parasuicide. Journal of Personality Disorders, 1, 328-333. RATHUS, J.H. & MILLER, A.L. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy adapted for suicidal adolescents. Suicide & Life-Threatening Behavior, 32 (2), 146-157. [PDF]
LINEHAN, M.M. (1987). Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder : Theory and method. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 51, 261-276. LINEHAN, M.M., DIMEFF, L.A., REYNOLDS, S.K., COMTOIS, K.A., WELCH, S.S., HEAGERTY, P. & KIVLAHAN, D.R. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy versus comprehensive validation plus 12-step for the treatment of opioid dependent women meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 67 (1), 13-26.
VAN DEN BOSCH, L.M.C., VERHEUL, R., SCHIPPERS, G.M. & VAN DEN BRINK, W. (2002). Dialectical behavior therapy of borderline patients with and without substance use problems : Implementation and long-term effects. Addictive Behaviors, 27 (6), 911-923.
LYNCH, T.R., MORSE, J.Q., MENDELSON, T. & ROBINS, C.J. (2003). Dialectical behavior therapy for depressed older adults : A randomized pilot study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11 (1), 33-45.
LINEHAN, M.M., ARMSTRONG, H.E., SUAREZ, A., ALLMON, D. & HEARD, H.L. (1991). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of chronically parasuicidal borderline patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, 1060-1064. VERHEUL, R., VAN DEN BOSCH, L.M.C., KOETER, M.W.J., DE RIDDER, M.A.J., STIJNEN, T. & VON DEN BRINK, W. (2003). Dialectical behaviour therpy for women with borderline personality disorder. 12-month, randomised clinical trail in The Netherlands. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182, 135-140.
LINEHAN, M.M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY, US : Guilford Press. BOHUS, M., HAAF, B., SIMMS, T., LIMBERGER, M.F., SCHMAHL, C., UNCKEL, C., LIEB, K. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2004). Effectiveness of inpatient dialectical behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder : A controlled trial. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 42 (5), 487-499.
ROBINS, C.J. & CHAPMAN, A.L. (2004). Dialectical behavior therapy : Current status, recent developments and future directions. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18 (1), 73-89.
LINEHAN, M.M., SCHMIDT, H., DIMEFF, L.A., CRAFT, J.C., KANTER, J. & COMTOIS, K.A. (1999). Dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder and drug-dependence. American Journal on Addiction, 8 (4), 279-292. HAYES, S.C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35 (4), 639-665.
LINEHAN, M.M. (2000). Traitement cognitivo-comportemental du trouble de personalité état limite. Genève : Éditions Médecine et Hygiène. HAYES, S.C., MASUDA, A., BISSETT, R., LUOMA, J. & GUERRERO, L.F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT : How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies ? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54. [PDF]
LINEHAN, M.M. (2000). The empirical basis of dialectical behavior therapy : Development of new treatments vs. evaluation of existing treatments. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 7, 113- 119. VAN DEN BOSCH, L.M.C., KOETER, M.W.J., STIJNEN, T., VERHEUL, R. & VAN DEN BRINK, W. (2005). Sustained efficacy of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43 (9), 1231-1241.
KOERNER, K. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2000). Research on dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder. The Psychiatric clinics of North America, 23 (1), 151-167. HOLMES, P., GEORGESCU, S. & LILES, W. (2005). Further delineating the applicability of acceptance and change to private responses : The example of dialectical behavior therapy. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7 (3), 301-311.
TURNER, R.M. (2000). Naturalistic evaluation of dialectical behavior therapy-oriented treatment for borderline personality disorder. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 7 (4), 413-419. CHAPMAN, A.L. (2005). Dialectical behavior therapy : Current Indications and unique elements. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 3 (9), 62-68. [PDF]
LINEHAN, M.M. (2000). Commentary on innovations in dialectical behavior therapy. Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy, 7 (4), 478-481 LINEHAN, M.M., COMTOIS, K.A., MURRAY, A.M., BROWN, M. Z., GALLOP, R.J., HEARD, H.L., KORSLUND, K.E., TUREK, D.A., REYNOLDS, S.K. & LINDENBOIM, N. (2006). Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63 (7), 757-766. [PDF]
KOONS, C.R., ROBINS, C.J., TWEED, J.L., LYNCH, T.R., GONZALEZ, A.M., MORSE, J.Q., BISHOP, C.K., BUTTERFIELD, M.I. & BASTIAN, L.A. (2001). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in women veterans with borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy, 32, 371-390. [PDF] LYNCH, T.R., CHAPMAN, A.L., ROSNETHAL, M.Z., KUO, J.R. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2006). Mechanisms of change in dialectical behavior therapy : Theoretical and empirical observations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62 (4), 459-480. [PDF]
RIZVI, S.L. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy for personality disorders. Current Psychiatric Reports, 3, 64-69. KRÜGER, C., SCHWEIGER, U., SIPOS, V., ARDOLD, R., KAHIB, K.G., SCHUNERT, T., RUDOLF, S. & REINECHER, H. (2006). Effectiveness of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder in an inpatient setting. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 44, 1211-1217. [PDF]
DIMEFF, L. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy in a nutshell. The California Psychologist, 34, 10-13. [PDF] MILLER, A.L., RATHUS, J.H. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2007). Dialectical behavior therapy. New York : Guilford Press.
McMAIN, S.F., LINKS, P.S., GNAM, W.H., GUIMOND, T., CARDISH, R.J., KORMAN, L. & STREINER, D. L. (2009). A randomized trial of dialectical behavior therapy versus general psychiatric management for borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166 (12), 1365-1374.
TELCH C.F., AGRAS, W.S. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2001) Dialectical behavior therapy for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69, 1061-1065. [PDF] NEACSIU, A.D., RIZVI, S.L. & LINEHAN, M.M. (2010). Dialectical behavior therapy skills use as a mediator and outcome of treatment for borderline personality disorder. Behavior Research & Therapy, 48, 832-839.
SAFER, D.L., TELCH C.F. & AGRAS, W.S. (2001). Dialectical behavior therapy for bulimia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158 (4), 632-634. KLIEM, S., KRÜGER, C. & KOSSFELDER, J. (2010). Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder : A meta-analysis using mixed-effects modeling. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 78, 936-951. [PDF]
LINTON, S.J. (2010). Applying dialectical behavior therapy chronic pain : A case study. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 1, 50-54.
KOONS, C.R., ROBINS, C.J., TWEED, J.L., LYNCH, T.R., GONSALEZ, A.M., MORSE, J.Q., BISHOP, G.K., BUTTERFIELD, M.I. & BASTIAN, L.A. (2001). Efficacy of dialectical behavior therapy in women veterans with borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy, 32 (2), 371-390. [PDF] SWEEZY, M. (2011). Treating trauma after dialectical behavioral therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 21 (1), 90-102. [PDF]
GOETHEM VAN, A., MULDERS, D., MURIS, M., ARNTZ, A. & EGGER, J. (2012). Reduction of self-injury and improvement of coping behavior during dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) of Patients with borderline personality disorder. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 12 (1), 21-34. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Thérapie et Bouddhiste
Thérapie brève : Ensemble de thérapies conçues pour atteindre rapidement leur objectifs thérapeutiques, du moins si on compare leur durée moyenne à celle des traitements reçus dans le cadre d'une psychanalyse. Short therapy, brief therapy, brief strategic therapy, one-session treatment, rapid treatment, brief treatments.
 
GILLIS, J.S. & JESSOR, R. (1970). Effects of brief psychotherapy on belief in internal control : An exploratory study. Psychotherapy, 7, 135-137. ERON, J. & LUND, T. (1996). Narrative solutions in brief therapy. New York : Guilford Press.
MADDOCK, J.W. (1975). Initiation problems and time structuring in brief sex therapy. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 1 (3), 190-197. ÖST L-G. (1997). Rapid treatment of specific phobias. In G.Davey (Ed.), Phobias : A handbook of theory, research, and treatment (pp. 227-246). London : Wiley.
GARFIELD, S.L. (1998). The Practice of brief psychotherapy. John Wiley Sons.
WOODWARD, C., SANTA-BARBARA, J., LEVIN, S. & EPSTEIN, N. (1978). Aspects of consumer satisfaction with brief family therapy. Family Process, 17, 399-407. SHAPIRO, D.A. (1999). Book Review : The therapeutic alliance in brief psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 9, 209-215.
RUSH, A.J. & GILES, D.E. (1982). Cognitive therapy : Theory and research. In A.J. Rush (Ed.), Short-term psychotherapies for depression (pp. 143-180). New York : Guilford Press. NARDONE, G. & WATZLAWICK, P. (2000). Brief strategic therapy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc /Paris : Seuil.
RUSH, A.J. (Ed.) (1982). Short-term psychotherapies for depression. New York : Guilford Press. ÖST L-G., ALM, T., BANDBERG, M. & BREITHOLTZ, E. (2001). One vs. five sessions of exposure and five sessions of cognitive therapy in the treatment of claustrophobia. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 39, 167-183.
ÖST L-G. (1989). One-session treatment for specific phobias. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 27 (1), 1-7. ÖST L-G., SVENSSON, L., HELLSTROM, K. & LINDWALL, R. (2001). One-session treatment of specific phobias in youths : A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 69, 814-824.
SAFRAN, J.D. (2002). Brief relational psychoanalytic treatment. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 12, 171-195.
SVARTBERG, M. & STILES, T.C. (1991). Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy : A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 59 (5), 704-714. [PDF] BOND, F.W. & DRYDEN, W. (2002). Handbook of brief cognitive therapy. Chichester, UK : Wiley.
CRITS-CHRISTOPH, P. (1992). The efficacy of brief dynamic psychotherapy : A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 151-158. SHAPIRO, D.A., BARKHAM, M., STILES, W.B., HARDY, G.E., REES, A., REYNOLDS, S. & STARTUP, M. (2003). Time is of the essence : A selective review of the fall and rise of brief therapy research. Psychology & Psychotherapy : Theory, Research & Practice, 76, 211-235.
SVARTBERG, M. & STILES, T.C. & SELTZER, M.H. (2004). Randomized, controlled trial of the effectiveness of short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for cluster C personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161 (5), 810-817.
ZUROFF, D.C., KOESTNER, R., MOSKOWITZ, D.S., McBRIDE, C., MARSHALL, M. & BAGBY, M.R. (2007). Autonomous motivation for therapy : A new common factor in brief treatments for depression. Psychotherapy Research, 17 (2), 137-147.
ELLIS, A. (1992). Brief therapy : The rational-emotive method or approach. In S.H. Budman, M.F. Hoyt & S. Fieman (Eds.), The first session in brief therapy (pp. 36-58). New York : Guilford. DEWAN, M.J., STEENBARGAR, B.N. & GREENBERG, R.P. (2008). Brief psychotherapies. In R.E. Hales, S.C. Yudofsky & G.O. Gabbard (Eds.), The American psychiatric publishing textbook of psychiatry (pp. 155-170). Washington DC : American Psychiatric Publishing.

KNEKT, P., LINDFORS, O., LAAKSONEN, M.A., RAITASALO, R., HAARAMO, P., JÄRVIKOSKI, A. & The Helsinski Psychotherapy Study Group. (2008). Effectiveness of short-term and long-term psychotherapy on work ability and functional capacity — A randomized clinical trial on depressive and anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders Volume 107, Issues 1–3, April 2008, Pages 95-106
ELLIS, A. (1995). Better, deeper, more enduring brief therapy : A rational emotive behavior therapy approach. New York : Routledge. ZLOMKE, K. & DAVIS, T.E. (2008). One-session treatment of specific phobias : A detailed description and review of treatment efficacy. Behavior Therapy, 39 (3), 207-223.
ÖST L-G. (1996). One-session group treatment of spider phobia. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 34, 707-715. FISCHER, S., MEYER, A.H., DREMMEL, D., SCHLUP, B. & MUNSCH, S. (2014). Short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder : Long-term efficacy and predictors of long-term treatment success. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 58, 36-42. [PDF]
KNEKT, P., VIRTALA, E., HÄRKÄNEN, T., VAARAMA, M., LEHTONEN, J. & LINDFORS, O. (2016). The outcome of short- and long-term psychotherapy 10 years after start of treatment. Psychological Medicine, 46 (6), 1175-1188.
 
Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie centrée sur la personne : Thérapie développée par Rogers. Dans ce type de thérapie, le thérapeute doit accorder à son client une considération positive inconditionnelle et faire preuve à son égard d'authenticité et d'empathie, toute chose qui ont pour but de favoriser son bien-être et sa croissance. = thérapie centrée sur le client, thérapie humaniste. Rogers's person-centered therapy, person-centered way, person centred therapy, client-centered therapy, Rogers's Person-Centered approach, CCT.
 
ROGERS, C.R. (1946). Signifiant aspects of client-centered therapy. American psychologist, 1, 415-422. ROGERS, C.R. (1976). Client-centred therapy. Its current practice, implications and theory. London : Constable.
 HOBBS, N. (1955). Client-centered psychotherapy. In J.L. McCary (Ed.), New six approaches to psychotherapy (pp. 11-60). York, NY : Dryden Press. SHAPIRO, D.A. (1977). Asymmetry of responsiveness in client-centred therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 45, 956.
SHLIEN, J. (1961). A client-centered approach to schizophrenia : First approximation. In A. Burton (Eds.), The psychotherapy of the psychoses. New York : Basic Book. MILTON, M. (1993). Existential thought and client centred therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 6 (3), 239-248.
ROGERS, C.R. (1963). La relation thérapeutique : les bases de son efficacité. Bulletin de Psychologie, 17, 12-14. O'LEARY, E. & KEANE, N. (1997). Person centred therapy. In P. Hawkins & J. Nesteros (Eds.), Perspectives in psychotherapy. Athens : Ellinika Grammata.

PROCTOR, G. (2002). Power in person-centred therapy. In J. Watson, R. Goldman & M. Warner (Eds.), Client-centered and experiential psychotherapy in the 21st Century : Advances in theory, research and practice. Ross-on-Wye : PCCS Books.
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PROCTOR, G. & REGAN, A, (2007). From Both Sides: The experience of therapy. Person-Centred Practice : Case studies in positive psychology. Ross-on-Wye : PCCS Books.

  PROCTOR, G. (2008). Gender dynamics in person-centered therapy : Does gender matter ? Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 7 (2), 82-94.

SCHMID, P F. (2013). The anthropological, relational and ethical foundations of person-centred therapy. In M. Cooper, M. O'Hara, P.F. Schmid & A.C. Bohart (Eds.), The handbook of person-centred psychotherapy and counselling (pp. 66–83). Palgrave Macmillan/Springer Nature.

PROCTOR, G. & KEYS, S. (2013). Ethics in practice in person-centred therapy. In M. Cooper, M. O’Hara, P. Schmid & A.C. Bohart (Eds.), The handbook of person-centred psychotherapy and counselling (pp. 422-435). Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan/Springer.
 
Voir aussi Rogers, Thérapie non-directive, Thérapie humaniste, Gestalt thérapie et Thérapie
Thérapie cognitive : TC : Ensemble de thérapies qui s'inspire de la perspective cognitive et dont l'objectif et de modifier les connaissances/pensées erronées et d'en acquérir de nouvelles plus adaptées à la réalité. = TC. Cognitive therapy.
 
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Voir aussi Cognitivisme et Thérapie
Thérapie cognitive fondée sur la pleine conscience : Thérapie cognitive qui se fonde sur la méditation en pleine conscience. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, MBCBT, Mindfulness-based therapy.
 
TEASDALE, J.D., WILLIAMS, J.M.G., SOULSBY, J.M. SEGAL, Z.V., RIDGEWAY, V.A. & LAU, M.A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 68 (4), 615-623. [PDF] HOFMANN, S.G., SAWYER, A.T., WITT, A.A. & OH, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression : A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 78, 169-183.
WILLIAMS, J.M.G., TEASDALE J.D., SEGAL, Z.V. & SOULSBY, J. (2000). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy reduces overgeneral autobiographical memory in formerly depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 150-155. [PDF] McCARNEY, R.W., SCHULZ, J. & GREY, A.R. (2011). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies in reducing symptoms of depression: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 14 (3), 279-299.
MASON, O. & HARGREAVES, I. (2001). A qualitative study of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 74, 197-212.
BISHOP, S.R. (2002). What do we really know about mindfulness based stress reduction ? Psychosomatic Medicine, 64, 71-83.
SEGAL, Z.V., WILLIAMS, J.M.G. & TEASDALE, J.D. (2002). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression: A new
approach to preventing relapse. New York : Guilford.

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BISHOP, S.R., LAU, M., SHAPIRO, S., CARLSON, L., ANDERSON, N.D., CARMODY, J., SEGAL, Z.V., ABBEY, S., SPECA, M., VELTING, D. & DEVINS, G. (2004). Mindfulness : A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 11, 230-241. [PDF] CRANE, C., WINDER, R., HARGUS, E., AMARASINGHE, M. & BARNHOFER, T. (2012). Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on specificity of life goals. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 36, 182-189. [PDF]
WILLIAMS, J.M.G., DUGGAN, D.S., CRANE, C. & FENNELL, M.J.V. (2006). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention of recurrence of suicidal behavior. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62, 201-210. [PDF] McCARNEY, R.W., SCHULZ, J. & GREY, A.R. (2011). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based therapies in reducing symptoms of depression: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotherapy & Counselling, 14 (3), 279-299.
HICK, S.F. & BIEN, T. (2008). Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship. New York : Guilford Press.
WILLIAMS, J.M.G., RUSSELL, I.G. & RUSSELL, D. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy : Further issues in current evidence and future research.Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 76,<524-529.
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BANBURY, S., LUSHER, J., SNUGGS,S. & CHANDLER, C. (2023). Mindfulness-based therapies for men and women with sexual dysfunction : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexual & Relationship TherapY, 38 (4), 534-555.
 
Voir aussi Méditation en pleine conscience et Thérapie
Thérapie cognitivo-béhaviorale : Voir Thérapie comportementale et cognitive. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavior modification, cognitive-behavioral treatment, cognitive behavioral intervention.
Thérapie combinée : Forme de thérapie qui combine médicaments et thérapie, simultanément ou consécutivement. Peu d'études indépendantes semblent avoir fait clairement la démonstration de l'efficacité d'une combinaison. Dans certains cas, le rapport bénéfice/effets secondaires n'est pas supérieur à une simple thérapie ou à l'effet placebo. EX: Thérapie de modification des comportements hyperactifs et méthylphénidate. Combined therapies.
 
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Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie comportementale : Terme générique qui, par opposition aux thérapies verbales, désigne les thérapies qui insistent davantage sur les changements de comportements du client/patient/malade (mais non exclusivement) que sur les modifications de la personnalité (humaniste, psychanalyse, etc.). De fait, le terme renvoie à l'effet thérapeutique escompté (le changement de comportement), et non à l'explication sous-jacente (expérience, personnalité, perception, schéma, conception du monde, croyances, etc). En ce sens, le mot englobe aussi bien les thérapies béhavioristes que les thérapies cognitivo-béhaviorale. = thérapie béhaviorale. /thérapie verbale. ( ): Voir ci-dessous. Behavioral therapy, behavior therapy, behavioral intervention.
Thérapie comportementale
Thérapie béhavioriste Thérapie béhavioriale Thérapie comportementale et cognitive
 
BANDURA, A. (1967). Behavioral psychotherapy. Scientific American, 216, 78-86. WILSON, K.G. (1997). Science and treatment development : Lessons from the history of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 28, 547-558.
YATES, A.J. (1970). Behavior therapy. New York : Wiley.
LAZARUS, A.A (1971). Reflections on behavior therapy and
its development : A point of view. Behavior Therapy, 2, 369-374.
O'DONOHUE, W.T. & KRASNER, L. (Eds.) (1997). Theories of behavior therapy : Exploring behavior change. Washington : APA.
LAZARUS, A.A. (1976). Multimodal behavior therapy. New York : Springer. VAN MINNEN, A., HOOGDUIN, K., KEIJSERS, G., HELLENBRAND, I. & HENDRIKS, G.J. (2003). Treatment of trichotillomania with behavioral therapy or fluoxetine : a randomized, waiting-list controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 517-522.
COTTRAUX, J. (1979). Les thérapies comportementales. Paris : Masson. ANTON, R.F., O'MALLEY, S.S., CIRAULO, D.A CISLER, R.A., COUPER, D., DONOVAN, D.M., GASTFRIEND, D.R., HOSKING, J.D., JOHNSON, B.A., LOCASTRO, J.S., LONGABAUGH, R., MASON, B.J., MATTSON, M.E., MILLER, W.R., PETTINATI, H.M., RANDALL, C.L., SWIFT, R., WEISS, R.D., WILLIAMS, L.D. & ZWEBEN, A. (2006). Effect of combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence : The COMBINE study : A randomized controlled trial. JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association, 295 (17), 2003-2017. [PDF]
FONTAINE, O., COTTRAUX, J. et LADOUCEUR, R. (1984). Cliniques de thérapie comportementale. Montréal : Éditions Mardaga. CARROLL, K.M. & ONKEN, L.S. (2005). Behavioral therapies for drug abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162 (8), 1452-1460. [PDF]
KOHLENBERG, R.J., HAYES, S.C. & TSAI, M. (1993). Radical behavioral psychotherapy : Two contemporary examples. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 579-592. CARROLL, K.M. & ROUNSAVILLE, B.J. (2007). A vision of the next generation of behavioral therapies research in the addictions. Addiction, 2 (6), 850-862. [PDF]
VAN RILLAER, J. (1995). Les thérapies comportementales. Bernet-Danilo/Essentialis.  McGUIRE, J.F., UNG, D., SELLES, R.R., RAHMAN, O. LEWIN, A.B., MURPHY, T.K. & STORCH, E.A. (2014). Treating trichotillomania : A meta-analysis of treatment effects and moderators for behavior therapy and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 76-83. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Thérapie, Analyse fonctionnelle du comportement et Thérapie béhavioriste
Thérapie comportementale basée sur l'acceptation : TCBA Acceptance-based behavior therapy, ABBT.
 
GIFFORD, E.V. KOHLENBERG, B.S., HAYES, S.C., ANTONNUCIO DO, PIASECKI, M.M., RASMUSSEN-HALL, ML, PALM, K.M. (2004). Acceptance theory-based treatment for smoking cessation : An initial trial of acceptance and commitment therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689–705.

ROEMER, L. & ORSILLO, L.M. (2005). An acceptance based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. In S.M. Orsillo & L. Roemer L. (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety : Conceptualization and treatment (p. 213-240). New York : Springer.

ZARGAR, F., ASGHAR, A., FARID, A., ATEF-VAHID, M.-K., AFSHAR, H. & OMIDI, A. (2013). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance-based behavior therapy and applied relaxation on acceptance of internal experiences, engagement in valued actions and quality of life in generalized.Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 18 (2), 118-122. PDF]
ORSILLO, S.M., ROEMER, L. & HOLOWKA, D. (2005). Acceptance-based behavioral therapies for for anxiety : Using acceptance and mindfulness to enhance traditional cognitive-behavioral approaches. In S.M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance-and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety : Conceptualization and treatment. New York : Springer.
ROEMER, L. & ORSILLO, S.M. (2007). An open trial of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 38, 72-85.
ROEMER, L., ORSILO, S.M. & SALTERS-PEDNEAULT, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder : Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 76, 1083-1089.
FORMAN, E.M., BUTRYN, M.L., HOFFMAN, K.L. & HERBERT, J.D. (2009). An open trial of an acceptance-based behavioral treatment for weight loss. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 16, 223-235. HAYES-SKELTON, S.A., ORSILLO, L.M. & ROEMER, L. (2013). An acceptance-based behavioral therapy for individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 120 (3), 264-281.
FORMAN, E.M., HOFFMAN, K.L., JUARASCIO, A.S., BUTRYN, M.L. & HERBERT, J.D. (2013). Comparison of acceptance-based and standard cognitive-based coping strategies for craving sweets in overweight and obese women. Eating Behaviors, 14, 64-68. FORMAN, E.M., BUTRYN, M.L., MANASSE, S.M. & BRADLEY, L.E. (2015). Acceptance-based behavioral treatment for weight control : a review and future direction. Current Opinion in  Psychology, 2, 87–90. [PDF]
LEE, J.K., FUCHS, C., ROEMER, L. & ORSILO, S.M. (2009). Cultural considerations in acceptance-based behavior therapy In L. Roemer  & S.M. Orsillo (Eds.), Mindfulness and Acceptance-based behavioral therapies in practice (pp. 215–228). New York : Guilford
FORMAN, E.M. & HERBERT, J.D. (2009). New directions in cognitive behavior therapy : Acceptance-based therapies. In W.T. O'Donohue & J.E. Fisher (Eds.), General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 77–101). John Wiley & Sons. BUTRYN, M.L., KERRIGAN, S.G., ARIGO, D., RAGGIO, G.A. & FORMAN, E.M. (2016). A pilot test of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention to promote physical activity during weight loss maintenance. Behavioral Medicine, 21, 1-11.
ROEMER, L. & ORSILLO, S.M. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral therapies in practice. New York : The Guilford Press. ROEMER, L. & ORSILLO, L.M. (2020). Acceptance-based behavioral therapy treating anxiety and related challenges. Guilford Press.
HAYES, S.A., ORSILLO, S.M. & ROEMER, L. (2010). Changes in proposed mechanisms of action in an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 48, 238-245. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Thérapie et Thérapie comportementale et cognitive
Thérapie comportementale et cognitive : TCC : Ensemble de thérapies et de techniques qui emprunte à la fois au béhaviorisme et au cognitivisme. Les fondement théoriques de ces thérapeutes se rapprochent souvent plus du cognitivisme que du béhaviorisme. L'objectif est de modifier le comportement et les pensées (cognition). = TCC, TC, thérapie cognitivo-béhaviorale, thérapie béhavioriste-cognitiviste, thérapie cognitivo-béhaviorale, thérapie cognitivo-comportementale, intervention comportementale et cognitive, thérapie comportementale et cognitive à distance. ( ): Cognitive-Behavior Therapy (CBT/CB), cognitive-behavioral therapy, traditional cognitive behavior therapy, cognitive-behavior modification, cognitive-behavioral treatment, cognitive behavioral intervention, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches.
Techniques
Autorenforcement Conditionnement privé Restructuation cognitive
Carnet thérapeutique Contrat béhavioral Thérapie par aversion
Modification de comportement par Conditionnement opérant Désensiblisation systématique Thérapie par immersion
  Façonnement Thérapie par exposition
  Voir aussi Thérapies de la troisième vague

 
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Voir aussi Béhaviorisme cognitif et Thérapie
Thérapie comportementale et cognitive (La troisième vague) : Ensemble de thérapies d'inspiration béhavioriste (première vague : conditionnement, renforcement) et cognitiviste (seconde vague : valeur croyances, attribution) qui intègre au traitement de nouveaux concepts comme la spiritualité, la métacognition, le bonheur, l'acceptation, etc. Third-wave behavior therapy perspective.

Troisième vague
Thérapie analytique fonctionnelle
 Thérapie cognitive fondée sur la pleine conscience Thérapie de l'acceptation et de l'engagement
 Thérapie comportementale basée sur l'acceptation
Thérapie béhavioriale dialectique  Thérapie de l'activation comportementale
 
   
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ÖST, L.G. (2008). Efficacy of the third wave of behavioral therapies : A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 46 (3) 296-321. [PDF] MONESTES, J.L. et VILLATTE, M. (2011). L'acceptation du côté du thérapeute. In I. Kotsou et A. Heeren (Dir.), Pleine conscience et acceptation : Au coeur processuel de la troisième vague des thérapies comportementales et cognitives. Bruxelles : De Boeck.
HOFMANN, S.G. (2008). ACT : new wave or morita therapy ? Clinical psychology, 15, 280-285. BARRACA, J. (2012). "Mental control" from a third-wave behavior therapy perspective. International Journal of Clinical & Health Psychology, 12 (1), 109-121. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Thérapie et Thérapie comportementale et cognitive
Thérapie contextuelle : Contextual therapy.
 
ZETTLE, R.D. & RAINS, J.C. (1989). Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 438-445.
 
Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie de conversion : Conversion therapy.
 
BYNE, W.M. (2016). Regulations restrict practice of conversion therapy. LGBT Health, 3 (2), 97-99.
 
Voir aussi Dysphorie de genre
Thérapie de couple : = théorie conjugale. Couple therapy, marital therapy, family therapy.
 
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Voir aussi Thérapie et Satisfaction conjugale
Thérapie de groupe : Ensemble des thérapies qui utilise le groupe comme soutien ou catalyseur du changement thérapeutique. Le groupe est habituellement composé d'un praticien professionnel de la santé mentale (psychologue, psychiatre, psychanalyste, etc) et de malades/patients/clients. Group therapy, group psychotherapy, group treatment, group intervention.
 
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TRUAX, C.B. (1961). The process of group psychotherapy : Relationships between hypothesized therapeutic conditions and intrapersonal exploration. Psychological Monographs : General & Applied, 75 (7), 1-35. BAUER, M.S et McBRIDE, L. (1996/2001/2003). Structured group psychotherapy for bipolar disorder : The life goals program. New York : Springer. / Thérapie de groupe pour le trouble bipolaire : Une approche structurelle ? Paris, France : Médecine & Hygiène.
CABEEN, C.W. & COLEMAN, J.C. (1961). Group therapy with sex offenders : Description and evaluation of a group therapy program in an institutional setting. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 17, 122-129. McROBERTS, C., BURLINGAME, G.M. & HOAG, J.M. (1998). Comparative efficacy of individual and group psychotherapy : A meta-analytic perspective. Group Dynamics, 2, 101-117.
RICHARD, H. (1962). Selected group psychotherapy evaluation studies. Journal of General Psychology, 67, 35-50. HEIMBERG, R.G., LIEBOWITZ, M.R., HOPE, D.A., SCHNEIER, MF.R., HOLT C.S., WELKOWITZ, L.A., JUSTER,H.R., CAMPEAS, R., BRUCH, M.A., CLOITRE, M., FALLON, B.A. & KLEIN, D.F. (1998). Cognitive-behavioral group therapy versus phenelzine in social phobia : 12-week outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, 1133-1141. [PDF]
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BURLINGAME, G.M., ELLSWORTH, J.R., RICHARDSON, E.J. & COX, J.C. (2000). How effective is group psychotherapy : A review and synthesis of treatment outcomes. Ricerche Sui Gruppi, 10, 7-35.
KELMAN, H.C. (1963). The role of the group in the induction of therapeutic change. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 13, 399-432. TAYLOR, N.T., BURLINGAME, G.M., FUHRIMAN, A., KRISTENSEN, K.B., JOHANSEN, J. & DAHL, D. (2001). A survey of mental health care provider and man- aged care organization attitudes toward, familiarity with, and use of group interventions. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 51, 243-263.

WOLFSDORF, B.A. & ZLOTNICK, C. (2001). Affect management in group therapy for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and histories of childhood sexual abuse. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57 (2), 169-181.
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RUINI, C., MASONI, L., OTTOLINI, F. & FERRARI, S. (2014). Positive narrative group psychotherapy : the use of traditional fairy tales to enhance psychological well-being and growth. Theory, Research & Practice, 4 (13), 1-9. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Groupe et Thérapie
Thérapie de l'acceptation et de l'engagement : TAE  : Thérapie d'inspiration cognitivo-béhaviorale proposée par Stroshal, Wilson et Hayes. = TAE. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT.
 
HAYES, S.C. & WILSON, K.G. (1994). Acceptance and commitment therapy : Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17 (2), 289-303. [PDF] DALRYMPLE, K.L. & HERBERT, J.D. (2007). Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder : A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 31, 543-568. [PDF]
WILSON, K.G., FOLLETTE, V.M., HAYES, S.C. & BATTEN, S V. (1996). Implications of acceptance theory for the treatment of survivors of childhood sexual abuse. PTSD Clinical Quarterly, 6, 34-37 FORMAN, E.M., HOFFMAN, K.L., McGRATH, K.B., HERBERT, J.D., BRANDMA, L.L. & LOWE, M.R. (2007). A comparison of
acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings : An analog study. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 45, 2372–2386.
STROSHAL, K.D., HAYES, S.C., BERGAN, J. & ROMANO, P. (1998). Assessing the field effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy : An example of the manipulated training research method. Behavior Therapy, 29, 35-64. FORMAN, E.M., HERBERT, J.D., MOITRA, E., YEOMANS, P.D. & GELLER, P.A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification, 31, 772-779. [PDF]
STROSAHL, K.D., HAYES, S.C., BERGAN, J. & ROMANO, P. (1998). Does field based training in behavior therapy improve clinical effectiveness ? Evidence from the acceptance and commitment therapy training project. Behavior Therapy, 29, 35-64. LAPPALAINEN, R., LEHTONEN, T., SKARP, E., TAUBERT, E., OJANEN, M. & HAYES, S.C. (2007). The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychology trainee therapists : A preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification, 31, 488-511.
HAYES, S.C., STROSHAL, K.D. & WILSON, K.G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy : An experiential approach to behavior change. New York : Guilford Press. TWOHIG, M.P., SHIENBERGER, D. & HAYES, S.C. (2007). A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for marijuana dependence in adults. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40 (4), 619-632. [PDF]
WILSON, K.G., HAYES, S.C. & BYRD, M.R. (2000). Exploring compatibilities between acceptance and commitment therapy and 12-step treatment for substance abuse. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior, 8 (4), 209-234. [PDF] ARCH, J. & CRASKE, M. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders : different treatments, similar mechanisms ? Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 15, 263-279.
CARRASCOSO-LOPEZ, F.J. (2000). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in panic disorder with agoraphobia : A case study. Psychology in Spain, 4, 120-128. [PDF] PULL, C.B. (2008). Current empirical status of acceptance and commitment therapy. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22 (1), 55-60.
STROSAHL, K.D. (2002). Acceptance and commitment In G. Zimmar (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychotherapy, therapy (Vol. 1, pp. 1-8). London : Elsevier Science. HEIMBERG, R.G. & RITTER, R.M. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for the anxiety disorders : two approaches with much to offer. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 15 (4), 296-298. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C. (2002). Buddhism and acceptance and commitment therapy. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 9, 58-66. LUNDGREN, T., DAHL, J. & HAYES, S.C. (2008). Evaluation of mediators of change in the treatment of epilepsy with acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Behavior Medicine, 31 (3), 225-235. [PDF]
WILSON, K.G. & ROBERTS, M. (2002). Core principles in scceptance and commitment therapy : An application to anorexia. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 9, 237-243. HAYES, S.C. (2008). Climbing our hills : a beginning conversation on the comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 15 (4), 286-295. [PDF]
BACH, P. & HAYES, S.C. (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients : A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 70 (5), 1129-1139. NORTON, P.J. (2008). An open trial of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral group therapy for anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 39, 242-250. [PDF]
ZETTLE, R.D. (2003). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematic anxiety. The Psychological Record, 53, 197-215. [PDF] STROSAHL, K.D. & ROBINSON, P.J. (2008). The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for depression using acceptance and commitment therapy. Oakland : New Harbinger Publications
HAYES, S.C., STROSAHL, K. & WILSON, K.G. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy : an experiential approach to behavior change. New York : Guilford Press. HOFFMANN, S.G. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy : New wave or Morita therapy ? Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 15 (4), 280-285. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C., BISSETT, R., ROGET, N., PADILLA, M., KOHLENBERG, B.S., FISHER, G., MASUDA, A., PISTORELLO, J., RYE, A.K., BERRY, K. & NICCOLLS, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training on stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-836. HEIMBERG, R.G. & RITTER, M.R. (2008). Cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for the anxiety disorders : Two approaches with much to offer. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 15 (4), 296-298 [PDF]
DAHL J., WILSON, K.G. & NILSSON, A. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms : A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 35, 785-801. HOFFMANN, S.G. & ASMUNDSON, G.J. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy : New wave or old hat ? Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1-16.
HAYES, S.C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 639-665. [PDF] STOTTS, A.L., MASUDA, A. & WILSON, K.G. (2009). Using acceptance and commitment therapy in methadone dose reduction : Rationale, treatment description, and preliminary cases. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 16, 205-213.
SHARP, W., WILSON, K.G. & SCHULENBERG, S. (2004). The use of paradoxical intention in the context of acceptance and commitment therapy. Psychological Report, 95, 946-948. POWERS, M.B., VÖRDING, M. & EMMELKAMP, P.M.G. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy : A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 78 (2),3-80. [PDF]
STROSAHL, K.D., HAYES, S.C., WILSON, K.G. & GIFFORD, E.V. (2004). An ACT primer : Core therapy processes, intervention strategy, and therapist competencies. In In S.C. Hayes & K.D. Strosahl (Eds.), A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy (pp. 31-58). New York : Springer. [PDF] CARRASCOSO-LOPEZ, F.J. & SALAS, S.V. (2009). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the treatment of panic disorder : Some considerations from the research on basic processes. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 9 (3), 299-315. [PDF]

CRASKE, M.G., ROSE, R.D., LANG, A., WELCH, S.S., CAMPBELL-SILLS, L., SULLIVAN, G., SHERBOURNE, C., BYSTRITSKY, A., STEIN, M.B. & ROY-BYRNE, P.P. (2009). Computer-assisted delivery of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in primary-care settings. Depression & Anxiety, 26 (3), 235-242. [PDF]
WILSON, K.G. & MURRELL, A.R. (2004). Values work in acceptance and commitment therapy: setting a course for
behavioral treatment. In S.C. Hayes, V.M.Follette & M.M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance : Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. p. 120-151). New York : Guilford.
HERNANDEZ-LOPEZ, M., LUCIANO, M.C., BRICKER, J.B., ROALES-NIETO, J.G. & MONTESINOS, F. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation : a preliminary study of its effectiveness in comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23 (4), 723–730.
DAHL, J., WILSON, K.G. & NILSSON, A. (2004). Evaluation of an ACT-based intervention for persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from pain and stress symptoms : A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 35, 785-801. ZETTLE, R.D., BARNER, S.L. & GIRD, S. (2009). ACT with depression : The role of forgiving. In J.T. Blackledge, J. Ciarrochi & F. Deane (Eds.), Acceptance and commitment therapy : Current directions (pp. 151-173). Bowen Hills QLD : Australian Academic Press. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C., MASUDA, A., BISSETT, R., LUOMA, J. & GUERRERO, L.F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT : How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies ? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54. PETERSEN, C.L. & ZETTLE, R.D. (2009). Treating inpatients with comorbid depression and alcohol use disorders : a comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy versus treatment as usual. The Psychological Record, 59, 521-536. [PDF]
GIFFORD, E.V., KOHLENBERG, B.S., HAYES, S.C., ANTONUCCIO, D.O., PIASECKI, M.M., RASMUSSEN-HALL, M.L. & PALM, K.M. (2004). Acceptance theory-based treatment for smoking cessation : An initial trial of acceptance and commitment therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689-706. [PDF] EIFERT, G., FORSYTH, J.P., ARCH, J., ESPEJO, E, KELLER, M. & LANGER, D. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders : Three case studies exemplifying a unified treatment protocol. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 16, 368-385.
HAYES, S.C. & STROSHAL, K.D. (2004). A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy. Springer. TWOHIG, M.P (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder : A case study. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 16, 243-252.
TWOHIG, M.P. & WOODS, D.W. (2004). A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy and habit reversal as a treatment for trichotillomania. Behavior Therapy, 35 (4), 803-820. NEVEU, C. et DIONNE, F. (2009). La thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement : une approche novatrice. Psychologie Québec, 26 (6), 29-31.
MONESTES, J.L., VILLATTE, M., MOURAS, H., LOAS, G. & BOND, F. (2009). Translation and validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II). European Review of Applied Psychology, 59, 301-308.
HAYES, S.C., STROSAHL, K.D., BUNTIG, K., TWOHIG, M. & WILSON, K. (2004). What is acceptance and commitment therapy? In S. Hayes & K. Strosahl (Eds.), A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy (pp. 1-30). New York : Springer. ROEMER, L. & ORSILLO, S.M. (2009). Mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral therapies in practice. New York : The Guilford Press.
HAYES, S.C., MASUDA, A., BISSETT, R., LUOMA, J. & GUERRERO, L.F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT : How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies ? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54. [PDF] YOVEL, I. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the new generation of cognitive behavioral treatments. The Israel Journal of Psychiatry & Related Sciences, 46 (4), 304-309. [PDF]
HAYES, S.C., BISSETT, R., ROGET, N., PADILLA, M., KOHLENBERG, B.S., FISHER, G., MASUDA, A., PISTORELLO, J., RYE, A.K., BERRY, K. & NICCOLLS, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training on stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-836. POWERS, M.B., ZUM VORDE SIVE VORDING, M.B. & EMMELKAMP, P.M.G. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy : A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy & Psychosomatics, 78 (2), 73-80.
HAYES, S.C. & SMITH, S. (2005). Get out of your mind and into your life : The new acceptance and commitment therapy. New Harbinger Publications. GAUDIANO, B.A. (2009). Öst's (2008). Methodological comparison of clinical trials of acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy : Matching apples with oranges ? Behaviour Research & Therapy, 47 (12), 1066-1070. [PDF]
ORSILLO, S.M. & BATTEN, S.V. (2005). ACT in the treatment of PTSD. Behavior Modification, 29, 95-130 HERNÁNDEZ-LÓPEZ, M., LUCIANO, M. C., BRICKER, J. B., ROALES-NIETO, J.G. & MONTESINOS, F. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation : a preliminary study of its effectiveness in comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23 (4), 723–730.
ORSILLO, S.M., ROEMER, L. & HOLOWKA, D. (2005). Acceptance-based behavioral therapies for for anxiety : Using acceptance and mindfulness to enhance traditional cognitive-behavioral approaches. In S.M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance-and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety : Conceptualization and treatment. New York : Springer. JUARASCIO, A.S., FORMAN, E.M. & HERBERT, J.D. (2010). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive therapy for the treatment of comorbid eating pathology. Behavior Modification, 34, 175-190.
TWOHIG, M.P., MASUDA, A., VARA, A.A. & HAYES, S.C. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for anxiety disorders. In S.M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety : conceptualization and treatment (pp. 101-130). New York : Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishing. HERBERT, J.D. & FORMAN, E.M. (2010). The evolution of cognitive behavior therapy : The rise of psychological acceptance and mindfulness. In J.M. Herbert & E.M. Forman (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy : Understanding and applying the new therapies. Wiley. [PDF]
McCRACKEN, L.M., VOWLES, K.E. & ECCLESTON, C. (2005). Acceptance- based treatment for persons with complex longstanding chronic pain : A preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43, 1335-1346. VILLATTE, M. et MONESTES, J.L. (2010). La théorie des cadres relationnels : La place du langage dans la thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement/ Relational frame theory : The place of language in acceptance and commitment therapy. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 31 (3), 85-104.
EIFERT, G.H. & FORSYTH, J.P. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for anxiety disorders : A practitioner's treatment guide to using mindfulness, acceptance, and value-guide behavior change strategies. Oakland CA : New Harbinger. RUIZ, F.J. (2010). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence : Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 10 (1), 125-162. [PDF]
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ZETTLE, R.D. (2005). The evolution of a contextual approach to therapy : from comprenhensive distancing to ACT. International Journal of Behavioral & Consultation Therapy, 2, 77-89. [PDF] NEVEU, C. & DIONNE, F. (2010). La thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement. Revue Québécoise de Psychologie, 31 (3), 63-83.
ORSILLO, S.M., ROEMER, L. BLOOCK-LERNER, J., LEJEUNE, C. & HERBERT, D. (2005). ACT with Anxiety disorders. In S.C. Hayes & K. D. Strosahl (Eds.), A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy (pp. 103-132). New York : Springer. GAUDIANO, B.A. (2011). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and recommendations for continued scientific advancement. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 8 (2), 5-22. [PDF]
KANTER, J.W. & BARUCH, D.E. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy and behavioral activation for the treatment of depression : Description and comparison. The Behavior Analyst, 29 (2), 161-185. [PDF] VOWLES, K.E. & THOMPSON, M. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain. In L.M. McCracken (Ed.), Mindfulness and acceptance in behavioral medicine : Current theory and practice (pp. 31-60). Oakland : New Harbinger Press.
ORSILLO, S.M. & BATTEN, S.V. (2005). ACT in the treatment of PTSD. Behavior Modification, 29, 95-130. [PDF] VOWLES, K.E., McCRACKEN, L.M. & ZHAO-O'BRIEN, J. (2011). Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain : A three year follow-up analysis of treatment effectiveness and process. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 49, 748-755. [PDF]
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FORMAN, E.M., CHAPMAN, J.E., HERBERT, J.D., GOETTER, E.M., YUEN, E.K. & MOITRA, E.M. (2012). Using session-by-session measurement to compare mechanisms of action for acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy, 43, 341-354.
TWOHIG, M.P., HAYES, S.C. & MASUDA, A. (2006). Increasing willingness to experience obsessions : Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 3-13. [PDF] SHARP, K. (2012). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy with anxiety disorders. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 12 (3), 359-372. [PDF]
WOODS, D.W., WETTERNECK, C.T. & FLESSNER, C.A. (2006). A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. Behavior Research & Therapy, 44, 639-656. HAYES, S.C., PISTORELLO, J. & LEVIN, M.E. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a unified model of behavior change. The Counseling Psychologist, 40 (7), 976-1002. [PDF]
HERBERT, J.D. & FORMAN, E.M. (2013). Caution : The differences between CT and ACT may be larger (and smaller) than they appear. Behavior Therapy, 44, 218-223. [PDF]
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KRISTELLER, J.L. BAER, R.A. & QUILLIAN-WOLEVER, R. (2006). In R. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-based approaches to eating disorders. New York : Guilford Press. [PDF] + [PDF] JUARASCIO, A., SHAW, J., FORMAN, E.M., TIMKO, C.A., HERBERT, J.D. BUTRYN, M.L. & LOWE, M. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy for eating disorders : Clinical applications of a group treatment. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2 (3), 85-94.
TWOHIG, M.P., HAYES, S.C. & MASUDA, A. (2006). A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 44, 1513-1522. HAYES, S.C., LEVIN, M.E. PLUMB-VILADARGA, J., VILATTE, M. & PISTORELLO, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy and contextual behavioral science : Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy, 44 (2), 180-198. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie de l'activation comportementale : Behavioral activation therapy, BA.
   
JACOBSON, N.S., MARTELL, C.R. & DIMIDJIAN, S. (2001). Behavioral activation therapy for depression : Returning to contextual roots. Clinical Psychology : Science & Practice, 8 (3), 255-270. [PDF] JAKUPCAK, M., ROBERTS, L., MARTELL, C.R., MULICK, P., MICHAEL, S., REED, R., BALSAM, K., YOSHIMOTO, D. & McALL, M. (2006). A pilot study of behavioral activation for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19, 387-391.
MARTELL, C.R., ADDIS, M.E. & JACOBSON, N.S. (2001). Depression in context : Strategies for guided action. New York : W.W. Norton & Co.  CULLEN, J.M., SPATES, C.R., AGOTO, S. & DORAN, N. (2006). Behavioral activation treatment for major depressive disorder : A pilot investigation. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7 (1), 151-165.
ADDIS, M.E. & MARTELL, C.R. (2004). Overcoming depression one step at a time : The new behavioral activationapproach to getting your life back. New York : New Harbinger Press DIMIDJIAN, S., HOLLON, S.D., DOBSON, K.S., SCHMALING, K.B., KOHLENBERG, R.J., ADDIS, M.E., GALLOP, R., McGLINCHEY, J.B., MARKLEY, D.K., GOLLAN, J.K., ATKINS, D.C., DUNNER, D.L. & JACOBSON, N.S. (2006). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 74 (4), 658-670. [PDF]
LEVITT, J.T., BROWN, T.A., ORSILLO, S.M. & BARLOW, D.H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766.  SPATES, C.R., PAGOTO, S. & KALATA, A. (2006). A qualitative and quantitative review of behavioral activation treatment of major depressive disorder. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7 (4), 508-518.
 WAGNER, A.W., ZATZICK, D.F., GHESQUIERE, A. & JURKOVICH, G.J. (2007). Behavioral activation as an early intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among physically injured trauma survivors. Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, 14 (4), 341-349.
COFFMAN, S., MARTELL, C.R., DIMIDJIAN, S., GALLUP, B.J. & HOLLON, S. (2007). Extreme non-response to cognitive therapy for depression : Can behavioral activation succeed where cognitive therapy fails ? Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 75, 531-541.
 PIERSON, H. & HAYES, S.C. (2007). Using acceptance and commitment therapy to empower the therapeutic relationship. Dans P. Gilbert & R. Leahy (Eds.), The therapeutic relationship in cognitive behavior therapy (pp. 205-228). London : Routledge.
DOBSON, K.S., HOLLON, S.D., DIMIDJIAN, S., SCHMALING, K.B., KOHLENBERG, R.J., GALLOP, R., RIZVI, J., GOLLAN, J.K., DUNNER, D.L. & JACOBSON, N.S. (2008). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the prevention of relapse and recurrence in major depression. Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 76 (3), 468-477. [PDF]
MARTELL, C.R., DIMIDJIAN, S. & HERMAN-DUNN, R. (2010). Behavioral activation for depression : A clinician's guide. New York : Guilford.
MARTELL, C.R., ADDIS, M.E. & DIMIDJIAN, S. (2004). Finding the action in behavioral activation : The search for empirically-supported interventions and mechanisms of change. In S. Hayes, M. Linehan & V. Folette (Eds.), Mindfulness acceptance and relationship : The new behavior therapies. (pp. 152-167). New York : Guilford. MARTELL, C.R., DIMIDJIAN, S. & LEWINSOHN, P.M. (2010). Behavioral activation. In N. Kazantizis, M.A. Reinecke & A. Freeman (Eds.), Cognitive and behavioral theories in clinical practice (pp. 193-215). New York : Guilford.
 KANTER, J.W. CALLAGHAN, G.M., LANDES, S.J., BUSCH, A.M. & BROWN, K.R. (2004). Behavior analytic conceptualization and treatment of depression : Traditional models and recent advances. The Behavior Analyst Today, 5, 255-274. SYZDEK, M.R., ADDIS, M.E. & MARTELL, C.R. (2010). Working with emotion and emotion regulation in behavioral activation treatment for depression. In A.M. Kring & D.M. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology : A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment (pp. 405-426). New York : Guilford.

 WEINSTOCK, L.M., MUNROE, M.K. & MILLER, I.W. (2011). Behavioral Activation for the treatment of atypical depression : A pilot open trial. Behavior Modification, 35 (4), 403-424.

DIMIDJIAN, S., BARRERA, M., MARTELL, C., MUNÖZ, R.F. & LEWINSOHN, P.M. (2011). The origins and current status of behavioral activation treatments for depression. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 7, 1-38. [PDF]
 
Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie du langage : Ensemble de thérapies visant à corriger les troubles du langage. Speech therapy, speech correction.
 
 TWITMEYER, E.B. & NATHANSON, Y.S. (1932). Correction of defective speech. Philadelphia, PA : P. Blakiston's Son and Co.  BARRY, H. (1961). The young aphasic child : Evaluation and training. Washington, D.C. : Volta Bureau.
STINCHFIELD, S. (1928). Speech pathology with methods in speech correction. Boston, Mass. : Expression Company.  BLACK, M. (1966). The origins and status of speech therapy in the schools. ASHA, 419-425.
 VAN RIPER, C. (1939/1981). Speech correction, principles and methods. New York : Prentice-Hall Inc.  STREMEL, K. & WARYAS, C. (1974). A behavioral-psycholinguistic approach to language training. In L. McReynolds (Ed.), Developing systematic procedures for training children's language (Vol. 18, pp. 96-130). Washington, D.C. : American Speech and Hearing Association.
 STINCHFIELD-HAWK, S. (1950). Speech therapy for the physically handicapped. Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press.  DAVIS, G. & WILCOX, J. (1985). Adult aphasia rehabilitation : Applied pragmatics. NFER-Nelson : Windsor.
BACKUS, O. & BEASLEY, J. (1951). Speech therapy with children. NY: Houghton Mifflin.
 
Voir aussi Thérapie
Thérapie électroconvulsive (TEC/ECT) : Le terme a au moins trois usages distincts : a) Thérapie inventée par Duchenne, qui consiste à soumettre un patient, généralement affligé d'une dépression profonde, à une série de décharges électriques, délivrées dans la région du crâne. Bien qu'encore en usage, cette thérapie est controversée, car son appui scientifique est très faible. = sismothérapie, thérapie par électrochocs, électronarcose. Electrotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, shockwawe therapy, convulsive therapy. b) L'electricité est également utilisée pour soigner d'autres problèmes comme les maux de dos ou de tête, ou même les maladies de Huntington et Parkinson. c) Finalement, le terme renvoie à l'usage d'une technique pour punir les comportements, notamment les comportements d'automutilation, qui consiste à donner de faibles décharges électriques sur le bout des doigts des patients. Contingent shock.
   
a
CERLETTI, U. (1950). Old and new information about electroshock. American Journal of Psychiatry, 107, 87-94. CALEV, A., NIGAL, D., SHAPIRA, B., TUBI, N., CHAZAN, S. & BEN-YEHUDA, Y. (1991). Early and long-term effects of electroconvulsive therapy and depression on memory and other cognitive functions. The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 179 (9), 526-533.
BRENGELMAN, J.C. (1959). The effect of repeated electroshocks on learning in depressives. Berlin : Springer. SACKEIM, H.A. (1992). The cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. In W.H. Moos, E.R. Gamzu & L.J. Thal, LJ. (Eds.), Cognitive disorders : Pathophysiology and treatment  (pp. 183-228). New York : Marcel Dekker.
McGUIRE, R.J. & VALLANCE, M. (1964). Aversion therapy by electric shock : A simple technique. British Medical Journal, 2, 594-597. SMITH, R.B. & SHIMOROTO, F.N. (1992). The use of cranial electrotherapy stimulation to block fear perception in phobic patients. Journal of Current Therapeutic Research, 51 (2), 249-253.
ABRAMS, R. & FINK, M. (1967). Clinical experiences with multiple electroconvulsive treatments. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 13, 115-121. BREGGIN, P.R. (1992). The return of ECT. Readings : A Journal of Reviews & Commentary in Mental Health, 3, 12-17. [PDF]
VALENTINE, M., KEDDIE, H.M.G. & DUNNE, D. (1968). A comparison of techniques in electroconvulsive therapy. British Journal of Psychiatry, 114, 986-988. ENNS, M.W. & REISS, J.P. (1992). L'électrochoc. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 37 (10), 679-686.
BRUNSCHWIG, L., STRAIN, J. & BIDDER, T.G. (1971). Issues in the assessment of post-ECT memory changes. British Journal of Psychiatry, 119, 73-74. ABRAMS, R. (1992/97). Electroconvulsive therapy. New York : Oxford University Press.
REGESTEIN, Q.R., MURAWSKI, B.J. & ENGLE, R.P. (1975). A case of prolonged, reversible dementia associated with abuse of electroconvulsive therapy.The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 161 (3), 200-203. CAMERON, D.G. (1994). ECT : Sham statistics, the myth of convulsive therapy, and the case for consumer misinformation. The Journal of Mind & Behavior, 15 (1 & 2), 177-198.
RANCK, J.B. (1975). Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system : A review. Brain Research, 98, 417–440. SOBIN, C., SACKEIM, H.A., PRUDIC, J., DEVANAND, D.PP., MOODY, B.J. & McELHINEY, M.C. (1995). Predictors of retrograde amnesia following ECT. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152 (7), 995-1001
GROSSER, G., PEARSALL, D. & FISHER C. (1975). The regulation of electroconvulsive therapy treatment in Massachusetts : a follow-up. Mass Journal Mental Health, 5, 12-25. HERMANN, R.C., DORWART, R.A., HOOVER, C.W. & BRODY, J. (1995). Variation in ECT use in the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152 (6), 869-875.
COX, A. & HEATH, R.G. (1975). Neurotone therapy : a preliminary report of its effect of electrical activity of forebrain structures. Diseases of the Nervous System, 36, 245-247. McELHINEY, M.N., MOODY, B.J., STEIF, B.L., PRUDIC, J., NOBLER, M.S. & SACKEIM, H.A. (1995). Autobiographical memory and mood : Effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Neuropsychology, 9, 501–517.

MILLER, L.J. (1995). Use of electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 50 (1), 10-11.
LEWIS, J.K. & McKINNEY, W.T. (1976). Effects of electroconvulsive shock on the behavior of normal and abnormal rhesus monkeys. Behavioral Psychiatry, 37, 687-693. CALEV, A., GAUDINO, E.A., SQUIRES, N.K., ZERVAS, I.M. & FINK, M. (1995). ECT and non-memory cognition : a review. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34 (4), 505-515.
KELLNER, C.H. (1996). The cognitive effects of ECT: bridging the gap between research and clinical practice. Convulsive Therapy, 12 (3), 133-135.
LICHSTEIN, K.L. & SCHREIBMAN, L. (1976). Employing electric shock with autistic children : A review of side effects. Journal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia, 6, 163-173. O'LEARY, D.A. & LEE, A.S. (1996). Seven year prognosis in depression. Mortality and readmission risk in the Nottingham ECT cohort. British Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 423-429.
DORWORTH, T.R. & OVERMIER, J.B. (1977). On learned helplessness : The effects of electroconvulsive shocks. Physiological Psychology, 5 (3), 355-358. [PDF] BREGGIN, P.R. (1997). Brain-disabling treatments in psychiatry drugs, electroshock, and the role of the FDA. New York : Springer Pub. Co.
EASTWODD, M.R. & STIASNY, S. (1978). The use of electroconvulsive therapy. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 23 (1), 29-34. REY, J.M. & WALTER, G. (1997). Half a century of ECT use in young people. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154 (5) 595-602.
GORMLEY, N., CULLEN, C., WALTERS, L., PHILPOT, M. & LAWLOR, B. (1998). The safety and efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in patients over age 75. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 13 (12), 871-874.
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BUCHER, B. & FABRICATORE, J. (1979). Use of patient-administered shock to suppress hallucinations. Behavior Therapy, 1, 382-383. FINCH, J.M., SOBIN, P.D., CARMODY, T.J., DEWITT, A.P., SHIWACH, R.S. (1999). A survey of psychiatrists' attitudes toward electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatric Services, 50 (2), 264-265.
BREGGIN, P.R. (1979). Electroshock : its brain disabling effect. New York : Springler. SMITH, R.B. (1999). Cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of stress related cognitive dysfunction with an eighteen month follow-up. Journal of Cognitive Rehabilitation, 17 (6), 14-18.
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ROBIN A. & De TISSERA, S. (1982). A double-blind controlled comparison of the therapeutic effects of low and high energy electroconvulsive therapies. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 357–366. SCRANO, V.R., FELTHOUS, A.R. & EARLY, T.S. (2000). The state of electroconvulsive therapy in Texas. Part I : reported data on 41,660 ECT treatments in 5971 patients. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 45 (6), 197-202.
DANIEL, W.F., CROVITZ, H.F., WEINER, R.D. & ROGERS, H.F. (1982). The effects of ECT modifications on autobiographical and verbal memory. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 919-924. FINK, M. (2000). ECT has proved effective in treating depression. Nature, 403 (6772), 826.
KERR, R.A., MCGRATH, J.J., O'KEARNEY, R.T. & PRICE, J. (1982). ECT : misconceptions and attitudes. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 16 (1), 43-49. ABRAMS, R. (2000). And there's no proof of lasting brain damage. Nature, 403 (6772), 826.
KATZ, R.J. (1982). Animal model of depression : Animal model of depression : Effects of electroconvulsive shock, therapy. Neuroscience & Behavioral Reviews, 5, 273-277. [PDF] COHEN, D. (2001). Electroconvulsive treatment, neurology, and psychiatry. Ethical Human Sciences & Services, 3 (2), 127-129.
GORDON, D. (1982). Electro-convulsive therapy with minimum hazard. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 12-80. HASEY, G. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of mood disorder: a review and comparison with electroconvulsive therapy. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 46 (8), 720-727.
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BREGGIN, P.R. (1984). Electroshock therapy and brain damage : the acute organic brain syndrome as treatment. Behavior & Brain Sciences, 7, 24-25. [PDF] SCHROEDER, M.J. & BARR, R.E. (2001). Quantitative analysis of electroencephalogram during cranial electrotherapy stimulation. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112, 2075-2083. [PDF]
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BABIGAN, H.M. & GUTTMACHER, L.B. (1984). Epidemiological considerations in electroconvulsive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 246-253 GILULA, M.F. & KIRSH, D.L. (2005). Cranial electrotherapy stimulation review : A safer alternative to psychopharmaceuticals in the treatment of depression. Journal of Neurotherapy, 9 (2), 7-26. [PDF]
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Voir aussi Thérapie et Décharge électrique
b